Double-side double-layer base fertilizer applying super-close planting method for corn misplaced pollination variety, and per unit area yield improvement method for corn misplaced pollination variety

Abstract

The invention relates to a double-side double-layer base fertilizer application super-close planting method for corn misplaced pollination varieties, and belongs to the field of corn planting, in particular to a corn misplaced pollination variety double-side double-layer base fertilizer application super-close planting method for corn misplaced seeding, pollination variety selection and double-side double-layer base fertilizer application super-close planting. A series of problems such as lodging of corn stems, bald tips, empty stems, small ears and few grains, grain abortion, poor light transmission of groups, aggravated water and fertilizer competition, increased risk of plant diseases and insect pests, increased management difficulty and increased environmental pressure are solved. Compared with a conventional planting method, the yield is increased by 10% or above. The core of the method lies in accurate calculation and reasonable layout of a unique Shuanggyuan planting mode, an accurate and fine management method of seven methods including two promotion, control and four promotion is adopted, a one-five-six-six-three-three super close planting corn technology integration system method is utilized, and the innovative pattern of high-density planting is achieved. The method has remarkable innovativeness and practicability, has wide popularization and application prospects, can promote the development of the corn planting industry, and provides powerful support for grain safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of corn planting. Background Art

[0002] As one of the important food crops in the world, corn plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security. With the growth of the population and the increasing demand for food, improving corn yield has become an important topic in agricultural scientific research and production practice. Traditional corn planting methods are restricted by planting density to a certain extent. Excessive planting density often leads to competition for nutrients, water, and light among plants, resulting in problems such as bald tips, lodging, empty stalks, few rows, light grains, and premature senescence, thus affecting the growth and development of corn and the final yield. While too low planting density cannot fully utilize land resources and reduces the yield per unit area. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can break through the limitations of traditional planting density, solve the problem of reasonable distribution of corn plants in the field through the mathematical geometric Pythagorean theorem, and realize the method of increasing the single yield of super-dense planting of corn with Pythagorean misaligned pollination varieties by applying base fertilizer on both sides and in two layers, and solve a series of problems such as corn stem lodging, bald tips, empty stalks, small ears with few grains, grain abortion, poor group light transmittance, intensified competition for water and fertilizer, increased risk of pests and diseases, increased management difficulty, and increased environmental pressure, which is a super-dense planting method for high-yield and high-efficiency corn.

[0003] Problems in high-density corn planting: Although high-density corn planting can effectively increase the yield per unit area, it also brings a series of challenges. The following will discuss these problems in detail from multiple aspects: (I). Stem lodging and grain abortion problems 1. Stem lodging: High-density planting leads to intensified competition among plants, resulting in slender and fragile stems with reduced hardness, making them prone to lodging.

[0004] Stem lodging will seriously affect the photosynthesis efficiency and cause yield loss.

[0005] 2. Grain abortion: High-density planting reduces the ratio of biomass to stem and ear development, increasing the risk of grain abortion.

[0006] Grain abortion is mainly caused by insufficient nutrient supply or adverse environmental conditions.

[0007] (II). Corn bald tips 1. Excessive sowing density: Excessive density leads to intense competition among plants, affecting photosynthesis and nutrient absorption, thus resulting in bald tips.

[0008] 2. Improper fertilization: Too much or too little fertilization, or improper fertilization time, may all lead to bald tips.

[0009] 3. Improper irrigation: Too much or too little irrigation, or improper irrigation time, will affect the growth of corn and lead to bald tips.

[0010] 4. Failure to timely control pests and diseases: Pests and diseases will directly affect the growth of corn. If they are not controlled in time, they will also lead to bald tips.

[0011] 5. Poor pollination: Corn is a cross-pollinated crop. Poor pollination can lead to poor kernel development and bald tips.

[0012] 6. Poor fertilization: Any problem in the fertilization process may lead to poor kernel development.

[0013] 7. Hormone imbalance: Plant hormones play an important role in the growth and development of corn. Hormone imbalance can affect grain formation.

[0014] (III) Empty stalks 1. Variety characteristics: Some corn varieties may be naturally prone to hollow stalks.

[0015] 2. Genetic variation: Gene mutation or hybridization may cause hollow stalks in some plants.

[0016] 3. Temperature: High or low temperatures will affect the normal pollination and fertilization process of corn, resulting in empty stalks.

[0017] 4. Humidity: Too high or too low humidity may affect the activity and spread of pollen, thereby affecting the pollination effect.

[0018] 5. Light: Insufficient light will affect photosynthesis, which in turn affects the development of grains.

[0019] 6. Water: Too much or too little water will affect the growth of corn and cause hollow stalks.

[0020] 7. Insufficient nitrogen fertilizer: Nitrogen is an important element for synthesizing protein. Lack of nitrogen fertilizer will lead to poor plant growth and affect the formation of ears.

[0021] 8. Insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizers: Phosphorus and potassium are also very important for the growth and development of corn. Lack of these elements can also lead to hollow stalks.

[0022] 9. Lack of trace elements: Trace elements such as zinc and boron play an important role in the reproductive growth of corn. The lack of these elements will also affect the formation of ears.

[0023] 10. The sowing density is too high: Too high a density will lead to fierce competition among plants, affecting photosynthesis and nutrient absorption, thus resulting in empty stalks.

[0024] 11. Improper fertilization: Applying too much or too little fertilizer, or applying fertilizer at the wrong time, may result in empty stalks.

[0025] 12. Improper irrigation: Excessive or insufficient irrigation, or improper irrigation timing, can all affect the growth of corn and lead to empty stalks.

[0026] 13. Delayed prevention and control of pests and diseases: Pests and diseases can directly affect the growth of corn. If the prevention and control are not timely, it will also lead to empty stalks.

[0027] (IV). Small ears with few and light grains Small ears, few grains, and light grains in corn are common problems for farmers during the planting process. These problems will directly affect the yield and economic benefits. The following are the main reasons: 1. Variety characteristics: The yield potential and stress resistance of different corn varieties vary. Some varieties may be prone to having small ears and few grains by nature.

[0028] 2. Genetic variation: Gene mutations or hybridization may cause some plants to have small ears and few grains.

[0029] 3. Temperature: High or low temperatures can both affect the normal pollination and fertilization processes of corn, resulting in poor grain development.

[0030] 4. Humidity: Excessive or insufficient humidity may affect the activity and spread of pollen, thereby affecting the pollination effect.

[0031] 5. Light: Insufficient light will affect photosynthesis and thus affect the development of grains.

[0032] 6. Water: Excessive or insufficient water can both affect the growth of corn, resulting in small ears and few grains.

[0033] 7. Insufficient nitrogen fertilizer: Nitrogen is an important element for synthesizing proteins. Lack of nitrogen fertilizer will lead to poor plant growth and thus affect the formation of ears.

[0034] 8. Insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizers: Phosphorus and potassium are also very important for the growth and development of corn. Lack of these elements will also result in small ears and few grains.

[0035] 9. Lack of trace elements: Trace elements such as zinc and boron play important roles in the reproductive growth of corn. Lack of these elements will also affect the formation of ears.

[0036] 10. Excessive sowing density: Excessive density will lead to intense competition among plants, affecting photosynthesis and nutrient absorption, thus resulting in small ears and few grains.

[0037] 11. Improper fertilization: Excessive or insufficient fertilization, or improper fertilization timing, may all lead to small ears and few grains.

[0038] 12. Improper irrigation: Excessive or insufficient irrigation, or improper irrigation timing, can all affect the growth of corn, resulting in small ears and few grains.

[0039] 13. Failure to control pests and diseases in a timely manner: Pests and diseases can directly affect the growth of corn. If not controlled in a timely manner, they can also lead to small ears and few grains.

[0040] 14. Poor pollination: Corn is a cross-pollinated crop. Poor pollination can lead to poor grain development, resulting in small ears and few grains.

[0041] 15. Poor fertilization: Any problems during the fertilization process may lead to poor grain development.

[0042] 16. Hormone imbalance: Plant hormones play an important role in the growth and development of corn. Hormone imbalance can affect the formation of grains.

[0043] (V). Poor light transmittance in the population 1. Insufficient light: High-density planting can make the light conditions of the middle and lower leaves in the canopy worse, affecting the photosynthesis efficiency.

[0044] Insufficient light can lead to a decrease in the growth rate of individual plants, affecting the overall yield.

[0045] 2. Changes in leaf area index (LAI): Leaf area index (LAI, Leaf Area Index) refers to the total leaf area per unit ground surface area and is an important indicator to measure the growth status and photosynthesis ability of crops. In corn planting, changes in LAI will directly affect the growth and development, yield, and quality of plants.

[0046] Improving light energy utilization efficiency: An appropriate LAI can increase the light interception of plants, improve the photosynthesis efficiency, and thus promote the accumulation of dry matter.

[0047] Avoiding light saturation: An excessively high LAI may lead to insufficient light inside the canopy, and the leaves cannot carry out effective photosynthesis, resulting in light saturation.

[0048] Influencing CO2 absorption: Changes in LAI will also affect the CO2 absorption ability of plants, thereby affecting the progress of photosynthesis.

[0049] Nutrient competition: As LAI increases, the competition for water and nutrients among plants intensifies, which may lead to poor growth of some plants.

[0050] Nutrient use efficiency: An appropriate LAI can improve the nutrient use efficiency of plants and promote the healthy growth of plants.

[0051] Root development: Changes in LAI will affect root development, thereby affecting the water and nutrient absorption ability of plants.

[0052] Yield components: LAI directly affects the ear number, kernels per ear, and grain weight of maize, and is one of the key factors determining yield.

[0053] Quality impact: Changes in LAI can affect the quality of maize, such as protein content, starch content, etc.

[0054] Harvest index: Appropriate LAI can increase the harvest index, which is the ratio of grain yield to above-ground biomass.

[0055] (VI) Intensified competition for water and fertilizer 1. Increased demand for water and fertilizer: High-density planting leads to intensified competition for water and fertilizer among plants, requiring more input of water and fertilizer.

[0056] Improper water and fertilizer management can lead to waste of resources and environmental pollution.

[0057] 2. Uneven distribution of nutrients: Under high-density planting, the distribution of nutrients among plants is uneven, which easily leads to poor growth of some plants.

[0058] (VII) Increased risk of pests and diseases 1. High frequency of pest and disease occurrence: High-density planting increases the frequency and severity of pest and disease occurrence.

[0059] Pests and diseases not only affect yield but may also affect the quality of maize.

[0060] 2. Difficulty in prevention and control: Under high-density planting, the difficulty of pest and disease prevention and control increases, requiring more prevention and control measures and input of pesticides.

[0061] Excessive use of pesticides may lead to problems of pesticide residues and environmental pollution.

[0062] (VIII) Increased management difficulty 1. Complex field management: High-density planting requires more refined field management, including various links such as sowing, fertilization, irrigation, and pest and disease prevention and control.

[0063] Improper management easily leads to poor growth and yield reduction.

[0064] 2. Increased labor demand: High-density planting increases the workload and labor demand in field operations.

[0065] The increase in labor costs may affect farmers' enthusiasm for planting.

[0066] Through mechanized operations and intelligent management, the labor demand can be reduced and the production cost can be lowered.

[0067] (IX) Increasing environmental pressure 1. Increased resource consumption: High-density planting requires more water resources and fertilizer inputs, increasing the consumption of natural resources.

[0068] Excessive resource consumption may lead to resource depletion and environmental damage.

[0069] Solutions include promoting water-saving and fertilizer-saving technologies and improving resource utilization efficiency.

[0070] 2. Environmental pollution risk: Under high-density planting, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides increases, which may cause soil and water pollution.

[0071] Solutions include reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and promoting organic agriculture and ecological agriculture models.

[0072] In summary, although high-density maize planting can increase the yield per unit area, it also brings a series of problems such as stem lodging, bald tips, empty stalks, small ears with few grains, grain abortion, poor light transmittance in the population, intensified competition for water and fertilizer, increased risk of pests and diseases, increased management difficulty, and increased environmental pressure. Solving these problems requires comprehensive consideration of various factors and the adoption of scientific and reasonable management measures and technical means to achieve the sustainable development of maize production.

[0073] The application of the Pythagorean theorem theory in the field of maize planting provides new ideas for solving these problems of high-density planting. The Gouguxuan theory emphasizes that in the planting process, by reasonably adjusting the distribution and spatial relationship of plants, crops can make better use of environmental resources, ventilate and transmit light, evenly absorb nutrients and water, coordinate the root distribution of high-density maize, promote its growth and development, solve a series of problems such as stem lodging, bald tips, empty stalks, small ears with few grains, grain abortion, poor light transmittance in the population, intensified competition for water and fertilizer, increased risk of pests and diseases, increased management difficulty, and increased environmental pressure, and achieve an increase in yield per unit area. Based on this theory, the present invention proposes a method for improving the yield per unit area of super-high-density planting of maize with Gouguxuan misaligned pollination varieties and double-sided double-layer basal fertilization, aiming to achieve super-high-density planting of maize and significantly improve the yield and quality through scientific planting patterns and supporting technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0074] I. Method for selecting maize pollination varieties: Select the main variety and the pollination variety in a ratio of 7:3 or 6:4. According to the basically same plant height and a difference in pollination period of 3 - 5 days, select a variety with a slightly longer growth period and relatively more pollen amount for the pollination variety. Reasonably select the mixed variety combination to improve the maize pollination rate, avoid artificial pollination, prevent maize bald tips, and improve the maize pollination ability.

[0075] II. Secondary coating method for corn seeds: Select 400 grams of special corn coating agent + 13 ml of NEB + 10 ml of brassinolide + 10 ml of triacontanol to coat 40 catties of sun-dried seeds.

[0076] III. Method for applying base fertilizer in double layers on both sides: For the method of applying base fertilizer in double layers on both sides of a single ridge in deep application, apply 7 - 8 cm deep at a distance of 7 - 8 cm from the seedling on one side, accounting for 30% of the base fertilizer amount, and apply 13 - 15 cm deep at a distance of 13 - 15 cm from the seedling on the other side, accounting for 70% of the base fertilizer amount. For double-layer fertilization on both sides, adopt the method of combining biological fertilizer, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, control the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and avoid soil pollution caused by excessive application.

[0077] IV. Method for adjusting the distribution and spatial relationship of corn plants by the Pythagorean theorem: The center line of the corn ridge is represented by OX or OY. Set the straight-line distance of the misaligned sowing holes on one side of the center line of the corn ridge as the "gou" of the "Pythagorean theorem", that is, the distance from the sowing hole to the center line of the ridge, represented by OA as the length of the gou a. Set the vertical distance between two corn plants as OF, and set half of the vertical distance OF between two corn plants, OE, as the "gu", represented by OE as the length of the gu b. Set half of the straight-line distance AB between two corn plants, AE, as the "xian", represented by AE as the length of the xian c. Gou squared + Gu squared = Xian squared, that is, OA squared + OE squared = AE squared, namely: a² + b² = c² Use A, B, C, D to represent the sowing holes. According to the characteristics of the corn variety, reasonably set the misaligned orientation and plant spacing of the corn plants on both sides of the center line of the ridge by adjusting the lengths of the gou and gu a and b. Determine the row spacing of the corn according to the leaf spread of the corn, so that the distribution of the corn plants in the field is more scientific and reasonable. Use the Pythagorean theorem to solve the problem of misaligned distribution in the corn field; For example: Mode 1: Gou 3 Gu 4 mode Gou = OA = a = 3 cm Gu = OE = b = 4 cm According to the Pythagorean theorem a² + b² = c², 3² + 4² = c², that is, 9 + 16 = 25 = c², c = 5 Therefore, through the Pythagorean theorem, we get the length of the xian c as 5 cm. The straight-line distance between two holes is 2c = 10 cm, the vertical distance between two holes is 2b = 8 cm, and the vertical distance between two holes on both sides of the center line is 2a = 6 cm, that is, the two holes are misaligned by 6 cm, the plant spacing is 8 cm, the row spacing is set at 83 cm, and the number of plants per mu is 10045; Mode 2: Gou 4 Gu 3 mode Gou = OA = a = 4 cm Gu = OE = b = 3 cm According to the Pythagorean theorem a² + b² = c², 4² + 3² = c², that is, 16 + 9 = 25 = c², c = 5 Therefore, through the Pythagorean theorem, we can conclude that the length of Xuan C is 5 cm. The straight-line distance between the two holes is 2c = 10 cm, the vertical distance between the two holes is 2b = 6 cm, and the vertical distance between the two holes on both sides of the center line is 2a = 8 cm, that is, the two holes are offset by 8 cm, the plant spacing is 6 cm, the row spacing is set at 83 cm, and the number of plants per mu is 13234; Mode 3: 4-in-4 mode Hook=OA=a=4cm Thigh = OE = b = 4cm According to the Pythagorean theorem a²+b²=c² 4² +4² = c² That is, 16 + 16 = 32 = c² c = 4 ≈ 5.656 Therefore, through the Pythagorean theorem, we can conclude that the length of Xuan c is 5.656cm. The straight-line distance between the two holes is 2c=11.312cm, the vertical distance between the two holes is 2b=8cm, and the vertical distance between the two holes on both sides of the center line is 2a=8cm, that is, the two holes are offset by 8cm, the plant spacing is 8cm, the row spacing is set at 84cm, and the number of plants per mu is 9925.

[0078] 5. 2 promotion + 1 control + 4 promotion seven methods of precise and meticulous management to increase production. One root promotion (three root promotion) 1. For the second seed coating, add 13 ml of NEB + 10 ml of brassinolide + 10 ml of triacontanol to a bottle of coating agent (400 ml) to pack 40 catties of seeds to promote the root growth of corn; 2. Corn three-leaf stage: drip irrigation rooting powder + biological bacteria agent + soil loosening essence + humic acid; 3. Corn 19 leaves: drip irrigation rooting powder + biological bacteria + rare earth + potassium humate + naphthaleneacetic acid + potassium dihydrogen phosphate, induce the formation of adventitious roots, prevent premature aging of the root system, and increase the amount of capillary roots; Two seedling promotion (two seedling promotions) 1. Corn 5-leaf stage: drip irrigation 2 catties zinc sulfate + 4 catties potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100 g ammine hexadecene + 30 g sodium nitrophenolate; 2. Corn 8-9 leaf stage: spray 50g boron fertilizer + 30g rare earth + 50g ammonium chloride + insecticide on the leaves; One control (chemical control) corn 6-8 leaf stage 1. Mixed use of ethephon and chlormequat: When corn has 6 to 10 leaves, use 25 to 30 kg of 500 times diluted 40% ethephon and 2500 ppm chlormequat solution per mu to spray the top of the corn plants.

[0079] 2. Mixed use of paclobutrazol and uniconazole: At the early jointing stage of corn, namely when the corn has 6 - 10 leaves, spray 50 - 70 grams of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder or 50 - 60 milliliters of 5% uniconazole EC per mu, diluted with 30 - 40 kilograms of water, on the leaf surface.

[0080] 3. Mixed use of daminozide and mepiquat chloride: At the early jointing stage of corn, spray 30 - 40 kilograms of 0.1 - 0.2% daminozide solution per mu and an appropriate amount of mepiquat chloride (specific dosage according to product instructions) on the leaf surface.

[0081] Three - promoting ear (promoting ear differentiation) Promote the differentiation of female ears in corn: 2 catties of microbial inoculant + plant immune elicitor (vaccine) + soil conditioner (polyacrylamide) + fish protein + chitin + seaweed extract.

[0082] Four - promoting cob (promoting large cobs) Perform drip irrigation per mu according to the growth trend and actual needs of corn: 1. At the 12 - leaf stage: 1 catty of zinc sulfate + 3 catties of calcium nitrate + 3 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100 grams of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate + 30 grams of sodium nitrophenolate + 50 grams of agricultural rare earth + 26 milliliters of NEB + 2 catties of microbial inoculant + 5 catties of urea + 10 catties of water - soluble compound fertilizer (with a content of more than 45%) + 5 catties of fulvic acid; 2. At the 16 - leaf stage: 1 catty of borax + 3 catties of calcium nitrate + 2 catties of microbial inoculant + 5 catties of potassium fulvate + 50 grams of brassinolide + 10 catties of urea + 7 catties of water - soluble compound fertilizer (with a content of more than 45%). Adjust the usage amount and method reasonably according to the crop growth situation, soil condition, and climate conditions.

[0083] 3. At the 18 - leaf stage: 2 catties of microbial inoculant + plant immune elicitor (vaccine) + soil conditioner (polyacrylamide) + fish protein + chitin + seaweed extract.

[0084] Five - promoting grain rows (promoting the number of rows and grains per row) 1. Drip irrigation at the 19 - 21 - leaf stage of corn: 10 catties of urea + 10 catties of Tianji water - soluble nitric phosphorus potassium fertilizer + 5 catties of fulvic acid + 100 grams of rare earth + 4 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; 2. 7 - 10 days after the corn becomes an adult plant: 10 catties of urea + 10 catties of Tianji water - soluble nitric phosphorus potassium fertilizer + 5 catties of potassium fulvate + 100 grams of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate + 4 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1 catty of zinc sulfate + 1 catty of borax + 100 grams of thiophanate - methyl; 3. 2 catties of microbial inoculant + plant immune elicitor (vaccine) + soil conditioner (polyacrylamide) + fish protein + chitin + seaweed extract.

[0085] Six - promoting grain weight (promoting grain filling) 1. 10 catties of urea + 10 catties of Tianji nitrate-phosphate potassium water-soluble fertilizer + 5 catties of fulvic acid + 100 grams of DA-6 + 30 grams of brassinolide + 5 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100 grams of zinc sulfate + 100 grams of borax + 100 grams of carbendazim; 2. 10 catties of urea + 10 catties of Tianji nitrate-phosphate potassium water-soluble fertilizer + 5 catties of potassium fulvate + 100 grams of DA-6 + 30 grams of brassinolide + 30 grams of rare earth + 20 grams of triacontanol + 5 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100 grams of zinc sulfate + 100 grams of borax + 100 grams of carbendazim + 10 grams of 95% hymexazol powder; 3. 10 catties of urea + 5 catties of microbial inoculant + 10 catties of soil conditioner (PAM) + 5 catties of potassium sulfate; Adjust the usage amount reasonably according to the crop growth situation, soil condition and climate condition; VI. The method of the 156633 ultra-high density maize technology integration system, including fifteen precisions, six finenesses, six major problems, solving three harms and breaking three perils, that is, the 156633 ultra-high density maize technology integration system method, namely: the 156633 ultra-high density technology integration system method.

[0086] Fifteen precisions: precisely select the planting mode, precisely adjust the seeder, precisely select the mixed seeds, precisely sow, precisely apply fertilizers, precisely irrigate, precisely weed, precisely control the growth, precisely prevent pests, precisely prevent diseases, precisely promote root growth, precisely promote seedling growth, precisely promote ear growth, precisely promote cob growth, precisely promote grain growth.

[0087] Six finenesses: finely select the land, finely select the seeds, finely select the fertilizers, finely select the pesticides, finely select the machinery, finely select the drip irrigation equipment.

[0088] Solve the six major problems of high density planting: bald tip, lodging, empty stalk, small ear, light grain, premature senility.

[0089] Solve three harms: pest damage, disease damage, pesticide damage.

[0090] Break three perils: soil compaction, pesticide residue, field pollution. Description of the drawings

[0091] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the field distribution pattern of the 3-4-5 maize 1. Figure 1 Among them, A, B, C, D, A', B', C', D' are maize sowing holes, OX, O'Y are the center lines of maize ridges, OA, O'A' are the "gou", OE, O'E' are the "gu", and AE, A'E' are the "xian"; 2. OA = O'A' = 3 cm, OE = O'E = 4 cm, AE = A'E' = 5 cm; 3. The straight-line distance AB = A'B' = 10 cm between two adjacent maize plants on the ridge, The vertical distance OF = O'F' between two adjacent corn plants on the ridge is 8 cm. The offset distance OA + FB = O'A' + F'B' between two adjacent corn plants on the ridge is 3 cm + 3 cm = 6 cm. 4. The row spacing HH' is 83 cm. 5. The area per single corn plant is 0.0664 ㎡, and the number of plants per mu is 1045 plants / mu.

[0092] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the field distribution pattern of the 3-4-5 corn 1. Figure 2 In it, A, B, C, D, A', B', C', D' are the corn sowing holes, OX, O'Y are the center lines of the corn ridges, OA, O'A' are the "gou", OE, O'E' are the "gu", and AE, A'E' are the "xian". 2. OA = O'A' = 4 cm, OE = O'E = 3 cm, AE = A'E' = 5 cm. 3. The straight-line distance AB = A'B' between two adjacent corn plants on the ridge is 10 cm. The vertical distance OF = O'F' between two adjacent corn plants on the ridge is 6 cm. The offset distance OA + FB = O'A' + F'B' between two adjacent corn plants on the ridge is 4 cm + 4 cm = 8 cm. 4. The row spacing HH' is 84 cm. 5. The area per single corn plant is 0.0504 ㎡, and the number of plants per mu is 13234 plants / mu.

[0093] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of the field distribution pattern of the 4-4-4 corn 1. Figure 3 In it, A, B, C, D, A', B', C', D' are the corn sowing holes, OX, O'Y are the center lines of the corn ridges, OA, O'A' are the "gou", OE, O'E' are the "gu", and AE, A'E' are the "xian". OA = O'A' = 4 cm, OE = O'E = 4 cm, AE = A'E' = 4 2. OA = O'A' = 4 cm, OE = O'E = 4 cm, AE = A'E' = 4 cm ≈ 5.656 cm. 3. The straight-line distance AB = A'B' between two adjacent corn plants on the ridge is 11.312 cm. The vertical distance OF = O'F' between two adjacent corn plants on the ridge is 6 cm. The offset distance OA + FB = O'A' + F'B' between two adjacent corn plants on the ridge is 4 cm + 4 cm = 8 cm. 4. The row spacing HH' is 84 cm. 5. The area per single maize plant is 0.0672 ㎡, and the number of plants per mu is 9,925 plants / mu.

[0094] Figure 4 : Cross-sectional view of the field planting structure Figure 5 : Diagram of field density performance Figure 6 : Diagram of the growth performance of maize in the field Figure 7 : Distribution map of maize leaves in the field Detailed implementation methods

[0095] (I) Preparation before planting Land selection and preparation Select farmland with flat terrain, deep soil layer, fertile soil, and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity as the maize planting area. Before planting, deeply plow the land to a depth of about 30 - 35 cm to break the plow sole, increase soil aeration and water permeability. After deep plowing, harrow the soil to make it fine and level, eliminating soil clods and weeds. At the same time, apply soil fertilizers during land preparation, applying 3,000 - 4,000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 - 80 kg of compound fertilizer (N - P2O5 - K2O = 15 - 15 - 15) per mu, and supplement appropriate amounts of medium and trace element fertilizers according to the soil nutrient test results.

[0096] Seed selection and treatment Select high-quality, high-yield, and stress-resistant maize varieties suitable for local climate and soil conditions. Before sowing, treat the seeds. First, screen the seeds to remove defective seeds such as shriveled grains and damaged grains. Then, sun-dry the screened seeds for 2 - 3 days to improve the germination rate and vigor of the seeds. Method for selecting maize pollination varieties: After sun-drying, select the main variety and pollination variety in a ratio of 7:3 or 6:4. Select varieties with similar plant heights, a pollination period difference of 3 - 5 days, a pollination variety with a slightly longer growth period, and a relatively large amount of pollen. Reasonably select the mixed variety combination to improve the maize pollination rate, avoid artificial pollination, prevent maize bald tips, and improve the maize pollination ability. The following provides reference combinations for mixed planting. Select suitable planting varieties according to variety characteristics, regional characteristics, planting levels, soil conditions, climate conditions, and management capabilities. Pay attention to comprehensive investigations such as variety resistance, yield performance, quality, and variety type.

[0097] Method for secondary coating of maize seeds. For the sun-dried seeds, select 400 grams of special maize coating agent + 13 ml of NEB + 10 ml of brassinolide + 10 ml of triacontanol to coat 40 catties of seeds.

[0098] (II) Design of the Pythagorean planting mode The method of adjusting the distribution and spatial relationship of corn plants by the Pythagorean theorem. The center line of the corn ridge is represented by OX or OY. The straight-line distance of the misaligned sowing holes on one side of the center line of the corn ridge is set as the "gou" of the "Pythagorean theorem", that is, the distance from the sowing hole to the center line of the ridge, represented by OA as the length of the gou a. The vertical distance between two corn plants is set as OF, and half of the vertical distance OF between two corn plants, OE, is set as the "gu", represented by OE as the length of the gu b. Half of the straight-line distance AB between two corn plants, AE, is set as the "xian", represented by AE as the length of the xian c. Gou squared + gu squared = xian squared, that is, OA squared + OE squared = AE squared, namely: a² + b² = c² Use A, B, C, and D to represent the sowing holes. According to the characteristics of the corn variety, by adjusting the lengths of the gou a and b, reasonably set the misaligned orientation and plant spacing of the corn plants on both sides of the center line of the ridge. Determine the row spacing of the corn according to the leaf spread of the corn, so that the distribution of the corn plants in the field is more scientific and reasonable, and use the Pythagorean theorem to solve the problem of misaligned distribution in the corn field; For example: Mode 1: Gou 3 Gu 4 mode Gou = OA = a = 3cm Gu = OE = b = 4cm According to the Pythagorean theorem a² + b² = c², 3² + 4² = c², that is, 9 + 16 = 25 = c², c = 5 Therefore, through the Pythagorean theorem, we obtain that the length of the xian c is 5cm. The straight-line distance between two holes is 2c = 10cm, the vertical distance between two holes is 2b = 8cm, and the vertical distance between two holes on both sides of the center line is 2a = 6cm, that is, the two holes are misaligned by 6 cm, the plant spacing is 8 cm, the row spacing is set at 83 cm, and the number of plants per mu is 10045; Mode 2: Gou 4 Gu 3 mode Gou = OA = a = 4cm Gu = OE = b = 3cm According to the Pythagorean theorem a² + b² = c², 4² + 3² = c², that is, 16 + 9 = 25 = c², c = 5 Therefore, through the Pythagorean theorem, we obtain that the length of the xian c is 5cm. The straight-line distance between two holes is 2c = 10cm, the vertical distance between two holes is 2b = 6cm, and the vertical distance between two holes on both sides of the center line is 2a = 8cm, that is, the two holes are misaligned by 8 cm, the plant spacing is 6 cm, the row spacing is set at 83 cm, and the number of plants per mu is 13234; Mode 3: Gou 4 Gu 4 mode Gou = OA = a = 4cm Gu = OE = b = 4cm According to the Pythagorean theorem a² + b² = c², 4² + 4² = c² That is, 16 + 16 = 32 = c², c = 4 ≈ 5.656 Therefore, through the Pythagorean theorem, we obtain that the length of the hypotenuse c is 5.656 cm. The straight-line distance between the two holes is 2c = 11.312 cm, the vertical distance between the two holes is 2b = 8 cm, and the vertical distance between the two holes on both sides of the center line is 2a = 8 cm, that is, the two holes are offset by 8 cm, the plant spacing is 8 cm, the row spacing is set at 84 cm, and the number of plants per mu is 9925 plants.

[0099] Design different planting patterns according to the variety characteristics to achieve high-density planting of corn, and solve a series of problems such as corn stem lodging, bald tips, empty stalks, small ears with few grains, grain abortion, poor group light transmittance, increased competition for water and fertilizer, increased risk of pests and diseases, increased management difficulty, and increased environmental pressure.

[0100] (III) Sowing techniques Sowing time Determine the best sowing time according to the local climate conditions and the growth period of the corn variety. Generally, sowing begins when the soil temperature in spring stabilizes above 10 - 12°C. Sowing too early, with a relatively low soil temperature, is likely to cause problems such as rotten seeds and late emergence; sowing too late may affect the maturity and yield of corn.

[0101] Sowing method Adopt the method of mechanical sowing with a large row spacing, and sow 1 seed at each planting point. The sowing depth is 3 - 5 cm. After sowing, cover the soil and compact it in time to make the soil in close contact with the seeds, so as to ensure that the seeds can fully absorb water and nutrients, which is beneficial to seed germination and seedling growth. During the sowing process, pay attention to controlling the sowing speed and sowing amount to ensure that the emergence rate of each hole is uniform.

[0102] (IV) Field management Based on the growth and development laws of corn, the fertilizer requirement law of corn, the water requirement law of corn, and the variety characteristics, adopt a six-method precise and fine management yield-increasing model of 2 promotions + 1 control + 3 promotions. A comprehensive integrated planting management method of microbial technology + organic compost technology + supporting technology. Achieve ultra-high-density high yield, pay equal attention to high yield and black soil protection, innovate methods, and promote the high-quality and sustainable development of agriculture.

[0103] One promotion for roots (three promotions for roots) 4. Seed treatment: Select high-quality disease- and pest-resistant varieties as the seed source, and conduct treatments such as seed selection, sunning for disinfection, and germination promotion on the seeds to improve the seed germination rate and survival rate. Use secondary seed coating. Add 13 ml of American Enzyme Boost (NEB), 10 ml of brassinolide, and 10 ml of triacontanol to a bottle of coating agent (400 ml) to coat 40 catties of seeds; it can enhance the activity of enzymes, promote seed germination, and increase the germination rate; enhance photosynthetic intensity, increase chlorophyll content, and increase the accumulation of dry matter; promote the absorption of mineral elements by crops, promote root growth and leaf growth of crops, promote water absorption by crops, reduce evaporation, and increase the drought resistance of crops.

[0104] 5. At the three-leaf stage of corn: Drip irrigation of rooting powder + biological bacteria agent + soil loosening agent + humic acid; loosen the soil, and it has a large water absorption capacity, improves air permeability and humidity, conserves soil moisture, prevents drought, maintains good water, air, and heat conditions in the soil, and is conducive to seed germination and seedling growth.

[0105] 6. At the 19-leaf stage of corn: Drip irrigation of rooting powder + biological bacteria agent + rare earth + potassium humate + naphthalene acetic acid + potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Promote cell division and expansion, induce the formation of adventitious roots, prevent premature senescence of roots, and increase the amount of fine roots.

[0106] Two seedling promotions (two times of seedling promotion) 3. At the five-leaf stage of corn: Drip irrigation of 2 catties of zinc sulfate + 4 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100 grams of DA-6 + 30 grams of sodium nitrophenolate; enhance the activity of respiratory enzymes, especially promote the activity of terminal oxidase, thereby enhancing respiration, continuously releasing energy and producing many intermediate products, providing for the plant to carry out life activities. With stronger respiration, it promotes the root absorption function and material synthesis.

[0107] 4. At the 8-9 leaf stage of corn: Foliar spray of 50 grams of boron fertilizer + 30 grams of rare earth + 50 grams of DA-6 + insecticide. It can increase the content of chlorophyll, protein, and nucleic acid in the plant; improve photosynthetic efficiency, improve the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the plant, enhance the absorption of water and fertilizer by the plant, regulate the water balance in the plant, and thus improve the cold resistance and drought resistance of the plant. Effectively prevent corn borers.

[0108] One control (chemical control) at the 6-8 leaf stage of corn 1. Mixed use of ethephon and chlormequat chloride: Usage method: At the 6-10 leaf stage of corn, spray the top of the corn plants with 25-30 kg of 500-fold solution of 40% ethephon aqueous solution and 2500 ppm of chlormequat chloride solution per mu.

[0109] 2. Mixed use of paclobutrazol and uniconazole: Usage method: At the early jointing stage of corn, that is, at the 6-10 leaf stage of corn, spray 50-70 grams of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder or 50-60 ml of 5% uniconazole emulsifiable concentrate diluted with 30-40 kg of water on the leaves per mu.

[0110] 3. Mixed use of daminozide and mepiquat chloride Application method: At the initial jointing stage of corn, spray 30 - 40 kg of 0.1 - 0.2% daminozide solution per mu and an appropriate amount of mepiquat chloride (specific dosage according to product instructions) on the leaf surface.

[0111] 4. Compound agent of DA - 6 and ethephon: Use according to the instructions.

[0112] Three - promoting ear (promoting ear differentiation) (9) The differentiation of the female ear of corn is a crucial period for corn yield formation. By reasonably using plant growth regulators, the differentiation of the female ear can be effectively promoted, and the yield and quality can be improved. The application of plant growth regulators plays an important role in corn production. By reasonably mixing different regulators, the differentiation of the female ear of corn can be effectively promoted, and the yield and quality can be improved. However, when using plant growth regulators, it is necessary to operate strictly according to the usage instructions to avoid side effects caused by over - use or improper use. At the same time, reasonable fertilization and irrigation plans should be formulated in combination with local climate conditions, soil types and other factors to ensure the healthy growth of corn.

[0113] 2 kg of microbial inoculant + plant immune elicitor (vaccine) + soil loosening agent (polyacrylamide) + fish protein + chitin + seaweed extract.

[0114] Four - promoting ear (promoting large ears) Perform drip irrigation per mu according to the growth trend and actual needs of corn: 1. At the 12 - leaf stage: 1 kg of zinc sulfate + 3 kg of calcium nitrate + 3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100 g of DA - 6 + 30 g of sodium nitrophenolate + 50 g of agricultural rare earth + 26 ml of NEB + 2 kg of microbial inoculant + 5 kg of urea + 10 kg of water - soluble compound fertilizer (with a content of more than 45%) + 5 kg of fulvic acid; 2. At the 16 - leaf stage: 1 kg of borax + 3 kg of calcium nitrate + 2 kg of microbial inoculant + 5 kg of potassium fulvate + 50 g of brassinolide + 10 kg of urea + 7 kg of water - soluble compound fertilizer (with a content of more than 45%). Adjust the usage amount reasonably according to the crop growth situation, soil conditions and climate conditions.

[0115] 3. At the 18 - leaf stage: 2 kg of microbial inoculant + plant immune elicitor (vaccine) + soil loosening agent (polyacrylamide) + fish protein + chitin + seaweed extract.

[0116] Five - promoting grain row (promoting the number of rows and grains per row) 4. Drip irrigation at the 19 - 21 - leaf stage of corn: 10 kg of urea + 10 kg of Tianji water - soluble nitrophosphate potassium fertilizer + 5 kg of fulvic acid + 100 g of rare earth + 4 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; 5. 7 - 10 days after the corn plants reach maturity: 10 pounds of urea + 10 pounds of Tianji nitric phosphorus potassium water-soluble fertilizer + 5 pounds of fulvic acid potassium + 100 grams of DA-6 + 4 pounds of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1 pound of zinc sulfate + 1 pound of borax + 100 grams of thiophanate-methyl; 6. 2 pounds of microbial inoculant + plant immune elicitor (vaccine) + soil conditioner (polyacrylamide) + fish protein + chitin + seaweed extract.

[0117] Adjust the usage amount and method reasonably according to the crop growth situation, soil conditions, and climate conditions.

[0118] Sixth, promote grain weight (promote grain filling) 1. 10 pounds of urea + 10 pounds of Tianji nitric phosphorus potassium water-soluble fertilizer + 5 pounds of fulvic acid + 100 grams of DA-6 + 30 grams of brassinolide + 5 pounds of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100 grams of zinc sulfate + 100 grams of borax + 100 grams of carbendazim; 2. 10 pounds of urea + 10 pounds of Tianji nitric phosphorus potassium water-soluble fertilizer + 5 pounds of fulvic acid potassium + 100 grams of DA-6 + 30 grams of brassinolide + 30 grams of rare earth + 20 grams of triacontanol + 5 pounds of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100 grams of zinc sulfate + 100 grams of borax + 100 grams of carbendazim + 10 grams of 95% hymexazol powder; 3. 10 pounds of urea + 5 pounds of microbial inoculant + 10 pounds of soil conditioner (PAM) + 5 pounds of potassium sulfate.

[0119] Adjust the usage amount and method reasonably according to the crop growth situation, soil conditions, and climate conditions.

[0120] Double-sided double-layer basal fertilizer application method For single-ridge double-sided double-layer deep application of basal fertilizer, apply 7 - 8 cm deep at a distance of 7 - 8 cm from the seedling on one side, accounting for 30% of the basal fertilizer amount, and apply 13 - 15 cm deep at a distance of 13 - 15 cm from the seedling on the other side, accounting for 70% of the basal fertilizer amount, with double-sided double-layer fertilization. Adopt a combination of biological fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer, control the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and avoid excessive application causing soil pollution.

[0121] The fertilizer requirement law of corn is characterized by large fertilizer demand, strong fertilizer tolerance, different fertilizer requirements at different growth stages, and different fertilizer requirement ratios depending on varieties and soil conditions. In actual production, scientific and reasonable fertilization management should be carried out according to these laws to ensure high and stable yields of corn.

[0122] Double-sided layered deep application technology Formulate a reasonable fertilization plan according to soil nutrient status and corn growth requirements. Innovate the fertilization mode and improve fertilizer utilization rate.

[0123] 1. Organic fertilizer: The method and dosage of using organic fertilizer for corn need to be determined comprehensively according to soil fertility, corn varieties, climate conditions, and expected yield.

[0124] Usage method: Basal application: Before sowing or during sowing, spread the organic fertilizer on the soil surface, and then plow and harrow to evenly distribute the fertilizer in the soil. This helps provide sufficient nutrients for corn seedlings and promotes early root development. Topdressing: During the growth period of corn, especially at key growth stages such as jointing stage, booting stage, and tasseling stage, topdressing can be carried out as needed. Dissolve the microbial fertilizer in water to make a solution with an appropriate concentration, and then evenly spray it on the corn leaves or around the roots. Foliar spraying can quickly supplement the nutrients required by corn and promote the photosynthesis and metabolic activities of the plants.

[0125] Dosage: The dosage of organic fertilizer varies depending on soil type, corn variety, and growth stage. Generally, the dosage is about 2 tons per mu. The specific dosage should be determined according to soil test results and the advice of agricultural experts. Excessive use may cause root burning or waste of resources, while insufficient dosage may not meet the growth requirements of corn.

[0126] Precautions: Fully decomposed: The organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed before use, otherwise it may cause root burning or bring pests and diseases. Uniform application: Ensure that the organic fertilizer is evenly distributed in the soil to avoid excessive local concentration leading to root burning. Combine with inorganic fertilizers: Although organic fertilizers are rich in nutrients, their release rate is slow, and they can be used in combination with quick-acting inorganic fertilizers to meet the nutrient requirements of corn at different growth stages. Safe operation: When using organic fertilizers, be sure to pay attention to safe operation to avoid direct contact with the skin or inhalation of its dust. At the same time, pay attention to environmental protection, reasonably control the dosage, and reduce environmental pollution.

[0127] The methods and dosages of using organic fertilizers for corn need to be scientifically and reasonably determined according to the actual situation. By applying fertilizers reasonably, sufficient nutrient support can be provided for corn, promoting its healthy growth and high and stable yields.

[0128] 2. Microbial fertilizers: The usage methods and dosages of corn microbial fertilizers are the key to ensuring their effects. Basic guiding principles and suggestions: Usage method: Basal application: Before sowing or during sowing, mix the microbial fertilizer evenly with the organic fertilizer, then spread it on the soil surface, and then plow and harrow to evenly distribute the fertilizer in the soil. This helps provide sufficient nutrients for corn seedlings and promotes early root development. Topdressing: During the growth period of corn, especially at key growth stages such as jointing stage, booting stage, and tasseling stage, topdressing can be carried out as needed. Dissolve the microbial fertilizer in water to make a solution with an appropriate concentration, and then evenly spray it on the corn leaves or around the roots. Foliar spraying: can quickly supplement the nutrients required by corn and promote the photosynthesis and metabolic activities of the plants.

[0129] Dosage: The dosage of microbial fertilizer varies depending on soil type, corn variety, and growth stage. Generally, the dosage per mu ranges from several hundred grams to several kilograms. The specific dosage should be determined based on soil test results and the advice of agricultural experts. Excessive use may cause root burning or waste of resources, while insufficient dosage may not meet the growth requirements of corn.

[0130] Precautions: Avoid mixing with fungicides: The active ingredients in microbial fertilizers are live microorganisms, which are very sensitive to fungicides. Therefore, when using microbial fertilizers, avoid using them simultaneously with fungicides to prevent killing beneficial microorganisms and reducing fertilizer efficiency. Storage conditions: Microbial fertilizers should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place, avoiding direct sunlight and high-temperature environments. At the same time, pay attention to moisture-proof and anti-rat-bite to ensure the quality of the fertilizer. Safe operation: When using microbial fertilizers, be sure to pay attention to safe operation, avoid direct contact with the skin or inhaling its dust. Also, pay attention to environmental protection, reasonably control the dosage, and reduce environmental pollution. In summary, the usage and dosage of corn microbial fertilizers need to be scientifically and reasonably determined according to the actual situation.

[0131] 3. Chemical fertilizers: The usage method and dosage of chemical fertilizers for high-yield corn fields need to be comprehensively determined based on soil fertility, corn variety, climate conditions, and expected yield. Usage method: Base fertilizer: When sowing, mix chemical fertilizers evenly with biological fertilizers and organic fertilizers. For every 100 jin, it requires 40 jin of 64% diammonium phosphate + 30 jin of 60% potassium chloride + 10 jin of 50% potassium sulfate + 10 jin of 46% urea + 8 jin of microbial fertilizer + 2 jin of zinc sulfate; use the double-sided double-layer deep application technology. Topdressing: Carry out according to the integration of water and fertilizer. Foliar spraying can quickly supplement the nutrients required by corn and promote the photosynthesis and metabolic activities of the plants. Excessive use may cause root burning or waste of resources, while insufficient dosage may not meet the growth requirements of corn.

[0132] Precautions: Deep application and covering with soil: For nitrogen fertilizers, deep application and covering with soil can reduce nitrogen loss and improve fertilizer utilization rate. Combine with biological fertilizers and organic fertilizers: Although chemical fertilizers have high nutrient content, long-term use alone may lead to deterioration of soil structure. Therefore, it is recommended to use them in combination with biological fertilizers and organic fertilizers to improve soil structure and microbial environment. Apply in batches: According to the growth stage and fertilizer requirement characteristics of corn, applying chemical fertilizers in batches can better meet its nutrient requirements and improve fertilizer utilization rate.

[0133] Avoid fertilizing in high temperatures: Fertilizing in high-temperature weather is likely to cause root burning. Therefore, fertilization should be carried out in the early morning or evening when the temperature is lower. Safe operation: When using chemical fertilizers, be sure to pay attention to safe operation, avoid direct contact with the skin or inhaling its dust. Also, pay attention to environmental protection, reasonably control the dosage, and reduce environmental pollution.

[0134] By applying fertilizers rationally, sufficient nutrient support can be provided for corn, promoting its healthy growth and high and stable yields.

[0135] 4. Medium and trace element fertilizers: During the growth process of corn, in addition to a large amount of main nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it also requires some medium and trace elements to maintain its normal physiological functions and promote yield increase. The following are the common medium and trace element requirements, usage methods, and dosages for corn: The medium and trace element fertilizers required by corn are: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), etc., a total of nine kinds.

[0136] Usage methods and dosages: Base application: Before sowing or at sowing time, mix the medium and trace element fertilizers evenly with an appropriate amount of fine soil or organic fertilizers, then spread them on the soil surface, and then plow and harrow to make the fertilizers evenly distributed in the soil. This helps provide sufficient nutrients for corn seedlings and promotes early root development. Topdressing: During the growth period of corn, especially at key growth stages such as the jointing stage, booting stage, and tasseling stage, topdressing can be carried out as needed. Dissolve the medium and trace element fertilizers in water to make a solution with an appropriate concentration, and then evenly spray it on the corn leaves or around the roots. Foliar spraying can quickly supplement the nutrient elements required by corn and promote the photosynthesis and metabolic activities of the plants. Precautions: Soil testing: Conduct soil testing before fertilization to determine the content and deficiency of various medium and trace elements in the soil. According to the test results, select and use medium and trace element fertilizers targeted. Apply in moderation: Although medium and trace elements are crucial for the growth of corn, excessive application may also lead to waste of resources or negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, the appropriate dosage should be determined based on the soil test results and the suggestions of agricultural experts. Even distribution: Ensure that the medium and trace element fertilizers are evenly distributed in the soil to avoid excessive local concentration causing root burning or other adverse effects. Use in combination: Medium and trace element fertilizers can be used in combination with macronutrient fertilizers to meet the comprehensive nutrient requirements of corn. At the same time, they can also be used in combination with organic fertilizers to improve the soil structure and microbial environment. By applying medium and trace element fertilizers scientifically and rationally, comprehensive nutrient support can be provided for corn, promoting its healthy growth and high and stable yields.

[0137] 5. Foliar Fertilizer: Corn foliar fertilizer is a fertilizer sprayed on corn leaves to supplement the nutrients required by corn through leaf absorption. Common corn foliar fertilizers, usage and dosage, and application time: Common types of foliar fertilizers: Nitrogen fertilizers: Such as urea solution, which can provide the nitrogen required for corn growth. Phosphorus fertilizers: Such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which helps the development of corn roots and flower bud differentiation. Potassium fertilizers: Such as potassium sulfate, which enhances the stress resistance and yield of corn. Micronutrient fertilizers: Such as boric acid, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, etc., to meet the demand of corn for micronutrients. Compound fertilizers: Compound foliar fertilizers containing multiple nutrient elements, such as amino acid foliar fertilizer, humic acid foliar fertilizer, etc. Plant growth regulators: Such as brassinolide, amine fresh ester, etc., to promote the growth and development of corn. Seaweed extracts: Rich in various nutrients and bioactive substances, which improve the stress resistance and yield of corn. Fish protein: Provides high-quality protein and amino acids to promote the growth and development of corn. Chitin: Enhances the disease resistance and stress resistance of corn. Rare earth elements: Such as lanthanum, cerium, etc., to promote the photosynthesis and metabolic activities of corn.

[0138] Usage and Dosage: Preparation of solution: Dissolve the foliar fertilizer in water according to the recommended ratio on the product instruction manual to make a solution with an appropriate concentration.

[0139] Irrigation and Regulation of Water and Fertilizer Integration According to the weather conditions and soil moisture content, reasonably arrange the irrigation time and irrigation amount. Adopt water-saving irrigation technologies such as subsurface drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation to improve the water resource utilization efficiency. Strengthen irrigation management during the dry season to ensure the normal growth of corn.

[0140] Corn water and fertilizer integration is a new agricultural technology that combines irrigation and fertilization. Through a pressure irrigation system, the fertilizer solution prepared by mixing soluble solid fertilizers or liquid fertilizers is evenly and accurately delivered to the soil at the roots of corn together with the irrigation water. Methods and technical points of corn water and fertilizer integration: Methods: Selection of irrigation system: According to the planting pattern of corn and the conditions of the plot, select a suitable irrigation system, such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, etc.

[0141] Fertilizer dissolution and mixing: Dissolve soluble solid fertilizers or liquid fertilizers in water according to a certain ratio to make a fertilizer solution. Note that the type and dosage of fertilizers should be determined according to the growth stage and nutrient requirements of corn.

[0142] Irrigation and fertilization: Evenly and accurately deliver the fertilizer solution to the soil at the roots of corn through the irrigation system. The frequency and amount of irrigation and fertilization can be adjusted according to the growth situation of corn and the water and fertilizer requirements.

[0143] Technical Points: Irrigation system: Develop corresponding irrigation systems according to the water requirements of different growth stages of corn, including irrigation quotas, irrigation frequencies, and irrigation times. Generally, the water requirement at the seedling stage is low, so less or no irrigation is needed; the water requirement is high during the jointing and booting stages, and the irrigation frequency and amount should be increased; the water demand is urgent during the heading and flowering stages, and sufficient water supply should be maintained; appropriate irrigation is still needed during the grain formation and maturity stages to meet the needs of grain filling, but the water should be appropriately controlled in the later stage to prevent late growth and maturity.

[0144] Fertilization system: Develop a scientific fertilization system according to the nutritional characteristics and fertilizer requirements of corn, including fertilizer types, dosages, fertilization times, and fertilization methods. Generally, the strategy of "total amount control and staged implementation" is adopted to meet the fertilizer requirements of corn throughout the growth period. At the same time, pay attention to the reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements to improve fertilizer utilization efficiency and corn yield.

[0145] Water and fertilizer coupling effect: Give full play to the water and fertilizer coupling effect to improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency. Through reasonable irrigation and fertilization measures, water and fertilizer promote each other to improve the yield and quality of corn.

[0146] Irrigation uniformity control: Ensure the uniformity of the irrigation system to ensure that each corn plant can receive the same water and nutrient supply. This helps to reduce the differences in corn growth and improve the overall yield and quality.

[0147] Regular monitoring and adjustment: During the implementation process, regularly monitor soil moisture and corn growth conditions, and adjust the irrigation and fertilization plans in a timely manner according to the monitoring results to meet the actual needs of corn.

[0148] The methods and technical key points of integrated water and fertilizer management for corn involve multiple aspects. Various factors need to be comprehensively considered to develop a scientific and reasonable irrigation and fertilization plan to improve the yield and quality of corn.

[0149] Based on the growth and development laws of corn, the fertilizer requirements of corn, the water requirements of corn, variety characteristics, and environmental conditions, adopt a six-method precise and fine management yield increase model of "2 promotions + 1 control + 3 promotions". A comprehensive integrated planting management method of microbial technology + organic compost technology + super-high-density high-yield model + supporting technologies. Achieve super-high-density high yield, pay equal attention to high yield and black soil protection, innovate methods, and promote the high-quality and sustainable development of agriculture.

[0150] Generally summarized, it is: fifteen precisions, six finenesses, six major problems, solving three harms, breaking three perils, which is the 156633 super-high-density corn 44-type planting technology system. That is: the 156633 super-high-density 44-type integrated technology system.

[0151] Fifteen precisions: precisely select the planting mode, precisely adjust the seeder, precisely select the mixed seeds, precisely sow the seeds, precisely apply fertilizers, precisely irrigate, precisely weed, precisely control plant growth, precisely prevent pests, precisely prevent diseases, precisely promote root growth, precisely promote seedling growth, precisely promote ear growth, precisely promote cob growth, precisely promote grain growth.

[0152] Six finenesses: finely select the land, finely select the seeds, finely select the fertilizers, finely select the pesticides, finely select the machinery, finely select the drip irrigation equipment.

[0153] Solve six major problems in close planting: bald tip, lodging, empty stalks, small ears, light grains, premature senility.

[0154] Solve three harms: pest damage, disease damage, pesticide damage.

[0155] Eliminate three kinds of hazards: soil compaction, pesticide residue, field pollution. Create a good farmland ecological environment and achieve high, stable and high-quality yields.

Claims

1. The method of selecting corn pollination varieties is to select the main variety and the pollination variety in a ratio of 7:3 or 6:

4. Based on the basically same plant height and a 3-5 day difference in pollination period, the pollination variety should be a variety with a slightly longer growth period and relatively more pollen. Reasonable selection of mixed varieties can increase the corn pollination rate, eliminate artificial pollination, prevent corn baldness, and improve corn pollination capacity.

2. Secondary coating method for corn seeds: For the dried seeds, choose 400g of corn-specific coating agent + 13ml NEB + 10ml brassinolide + 10ml triacontanol to pack 40kg of seeds.

3. Double-layer base fertilizer application method on both sides, double-layer deep base fertilizer application method on both sides of a single ridge, one side is 7-8 cm away from the seedlings and 7-8 cm deep, accounting for 30% of the base fertilizer amount, and the other side is 13-15 cm away from the seedlings and 13-15 cm deep, accounting for 70% of the base fertilizer amount, double-layer fertilization on both sides, using a combination of biological fertilizer, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer to control the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to avoid excessive application and soil pollution.

4. The Pythagorean Theory is used to adjust the distribution and spatial relationship of corn plants in the field. The center line of the corn ridge is represented by OX or OY. The straight-line distance of the offset sowing holes on one side of the center line of the corn ridge is set as the "hook" of the "Pythagorean Theory", which is the distance from the sowing hole to the center line of the ridge. OA represents the length of the hook a. The vertical distance between the two holes of corn is set as OF. OE, which is half of the vertical distance OF between the two holes of corn, is set as "stock", and OE represents the stock length b. AE, which is half of the straight-line distance AB between the two holes of corn, is set as "horizontal", and AE represents the length of vertical c. The square of the hook + the square of the stock = the square of the stock, which is OA square + OE square = AE square, that is: a²+b²=c² A, B, C, and D are used to represent the sowing holes. According to the characteristics of the corn variety, the lengths of the Pythagorean theorem a and b are adjusted. The degree of corn plant displacement and plant spacing on both sides of the ridge centerline are reasonably set, and the corn row spacing is determined according to the corn leaf expansion, so that the distribution of corn plants in the field is more scientific and reasonable, and the Pythagorean theorem is used to solve the problem of corn field displacement distribution; For example: Mode 1: 3-leg 4-hook mode Hook=OA=a=3cm Thigh = OE = b = 4cm According to the Pythagorean theorem, a²+b²=c² 3² + 4² = c² That is, 9 + 16 = 25 = c² c = 5 Therefore, through the Pythagorean theorem, we can conclude that the length of Xuan c is 5cm; the straight-line distance between the two holes is 2c=10cm, the vertical distance between the two holes is 2b=8cm, and the vertical distance between the two holes on both sides of the center line is 2a=6cm, that is, the two holes are offset by 6cm, the plant spacing is 8cm, the row spacing is set at 83cm, and the number of plants per mu is 10045; Mode 2: 4-leg 3 mode Hook=OA=a=4cm Thigh = OE = b = 3cm According to the Pythagorean theorem, a²+b²=c² 4² + 3² = c², that is, 16 + 9 = 25 = c² c = 5 Therefore, through the Pythagorean theorem, we can conclude that the length of Xuan C is 5 cm. The straight-line distance between the two holes is 2c = 10 cm, the vertical distance between the two holes is 2b = 8 cm, and the vertical distance between the two holes on both sides of the center line is 2a = 8 cm, that is, the two holes are offset by 8 cm, the plant spacing is 6 cm, the row spacing is set at 83 cm, and the number of plants per mu is 13234; Mode 3: 4-in-4 mode Hook=OA=a=4cm Thigh = OE = b = 4cm According to the Pythagorean theorem a²+b²=c² 4² +4² = c² That is, 16 + 16 = 32 = c² c ≈ 5.656 Therefore, by the Pythagorean theorem we can conclude that the length of Xuan c is 5cm; the straight-line distance between the two holes is 2c=10cm, the vertical distance between the two holes is 2b=8cm, and the vertical distance between the two holes on both sides of the center line is 2a=8cm, that is, the two holes are offset by 8 cm, the plant spacing is 8 cm, the row spacing is set at 84 cm, and the number of plants per mu is 9925. 5.2 Promotion + 1 Control + 4 Promotion Seven Methods Accurate and Fine Management Method for Increasing Production, One root promotion (three root promotion) For the second seed coating, add 13 ml of NEB + 10 ml of brassinolide + 10 ml of triacontanol to a bottle of coating agent (400 ml) to pack 40 catties of seeds to promote the root growth of corn; Corn three-leaf stage: drip irrigation rooting powder + biological bacteria agent + soil loosening essence + humic acid; Corn 19 leaves: drip irrigation rooting powder + biological bacteria + rare earth + potassium humate + naphthaleneacetic acid + potassium dihydrogen phosphate, induce the formation of adventitious roots, prevent premature aging of the root system, and increase the amount of capillary roots; Two seedling promotion (two seedling promotions) Corn 5-leaf stage: drip irrigation 2 catties zinc sulfate + 4 catties potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100 g ammonium ethyl acetate + 30 g sodium nitrophenolate; Corn 8-9 leaf stage: spray 50g boron fertilizer + 30g rare earth + 50g ammonium chloride + insecticide on the leaves; One control (chemical control) corn 6-8 leaf stage Mixed use of ethephon and chlormequat: When corn has 6 to 10 leaves, use 25 to 30 kg of 500 times diluted 40% ethephon and 2500 ppm chlormequat solution per mu to spray the top of corn plants; Mixed use of paclobutrazol and succinimide: In the early stage of corn jointing, that is, when corn has 6-10 leaves, use 50-70 grams of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder or 50-60 milliliters of 5% succinimide emulsifiable concentrate diluted with 30-40 kilograms of water per mu for foliar spraying; Mixed use of Bijiu and Mepiquat: In the early stage of corn jointing, use 30-40 kg of 0.1-0.2% Bijiu solution and an appropriate amount of Mepiquat per mu (the specific amount is based on the product instructions) for foliar spraying; Three ear promotion (ear differentiation promotion) Promote corn ear differentiation: 2 catties of microbial agent + plant immune inducer (vaccine) + soil loosening agent (polyacrylamide) + fish protein + chitin + seaweed extract; Four-promoting stick (big-promoting stick) Drip irrigation is carried out per mu according to the growth of corn and actual needs: 12-leaf stage: 1 catties of zinc sulfate + 3 catties of calcium nitrate + 3 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100 g of ammonium sulfate + complex nitrate 30g sodium + 50g agricultural rare earth + 26ml NEB + 2kg microbial agent + 5kg urea + 10kg water Soluble compound fertilizer (more than 45% content) + 5 catties of humic acid; 16-leaf stage: 1 catties of borax + 3 catties of calcium nitrate + 2 catties of microbial agent + 5 catties of potassium humate + 50 g of brassinolide + 10 g of urea + 7 catties of water-soluble compound fertilizer (above 45% content). Reasonably adjust usage and dosage according to crop growth, soil conditions, and climate conditions; 18-leaf stage: 2 catties of microbial agent + plant immune inducer (vaccine) + soil loosening agent (polyacrylamide) + fish protein + chitin + seaweed extract; Five promotion rows (number of promotion rows and number of rows of grains) Corn drip irrigation at 19-21 leaf stage: 10 catties urea + 10 catties Tianji nitrate potassium phosphate water-soluble fertilizer + 5 catties humic acid + 100 g rare earth + 4 catties potassium dihydrogen phosphate; 7-10 days after corn plants become mature: 10 catties of urea + 10 catties of Tianji potassium nitrate phosphate water-soluble fertilizer + 5 catties of potassium humate + 100 g of ammonium ethyl acetate + 4 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 1 catties of zinc sulfate + 1 catties of borax + 100 g of thiophanate methyl; 2 catties of microbial agent + plant immune inducer (vaccine) + soil loosening agent (polyacrylamide) + fish protein + chitin + seaweed extract; Six promotion of grain weight (promoting filling) 10 catties of urea + 10 catties of Tianji potassium nitrate phosphate water-soluble fertilizer + 5 catties of fulvic acid + 100 g of aminoethyl ester + 30 g of brassinolide + 5 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100 g of zinc sulfate + 100 g of borax + 100 g of carbendazim; 10 catties of urea + 10 catties of Tianji potassium nitrate phosphate water-soluble fertilizer + 5 catties of potassium humate + 100 g of aminoethyl ester + Brassica 30g of glutinous rice + 30g of rare earth + 20g of triacontanol + 5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 100g of zinc sulfate + borax 100g + 100g of carbendazim + 10g of 95% powder of mebendazim; 10 catties of urea + 5 catties of microbial agent + 10 catties of soil loosening agent (PAM) + 5 catties of potassium sulfate; Adjust usage and dosage reasonably according to crop growth, soil conditions and climatic conditions.

6. One five six six three three super dense corn planting technology integrated system method, fifteen precise, six fine, six major Solving the problem, solving the three evils and overcoming the three dangers is the 156633 ultra-dense corn planting technology integrated system method, namely: 156633 ultra-dense planting technology integrated system method; Fifteen precisions: precise selection of planting mode, precise adjustment of seeder, precise selection of mixed seeds, precise sowing, precise fertilization, precise irrigation, precise weeding, precise chemical control, precise insect prevention, precise disease prevention, precise root promotion, precise seedling promotion, precise ear promotion, precise ear promotion, and precise grain promotion; Six finenesses: fine selection of land, fine selection of seeds, fine selection of fertilizers, fine selection of pesticides, fine selection of machinery, and fine selection of drip irrigation equipment; Solve the six major problems of dense planting: bald tips, lodging, empty stalks, small ears, light grains, and premature aging; Solve the three pests: insect pests, diseases, and pesticide damage; Eliminate three types of hazards: floor compaction, pesticide residues, and field pollution.

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