Hermetia illucens type feed and application thereof in improving growth performance and pork quality of pigs
By mixing black soldier flies with suitable basic diet components, black soldier flies type feed is prepared, which solves the problem of unreasonable matching of black soldier flies in the prior art, and achieves the effect of improving pig production performance and reducing feeding costs, which is suitable for large-scale breeding.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510486982.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-20
AI Technical Summary
The application of existing black soldier fly feed in pig feed has the problem of unreasonable feed matching, which leads to poor improvement in pig production performance and increased feeding costs, making it unsuitable for large-scale breeding.
Black soldier flies type feed was prepared by mixing black soldier flies with basic diet (including corn, soybean meal, vegetable powder, calcium bicarbonate, soybean phospholipid powder and pig premix). The content of black soldier flies is 3wt.% to 5wt.%.
This black soldier fly-type feed not only improves the production performance of pigs, but also reduces feeding costs and increases gross profits, making it suitable for large-scale breeding. Specifically, it is manifested as improving the pig's terminal weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and slaughtering performance, and reducing the feed weight ratio and feeding cost.
Smart Images
Figure BDA0005366635880000091 
Figure BDA0005366635880000092 
Figure BDA0005366635880000101
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, and particularly to black soldier fly-based feed and its application in improving the growth performance and pork quality of pigs. Background Art
[0002] Pig feed is usually composed of protein feed, energy feed, roughage, green feed, silage, mineral feed and feed additives for raising domestic pigs, and can be divided into complete feed, concentrated feed and premix. At present, with the expansion of the breeding industry, pig feed has become an important substance for pig raising. Under the feeding of feed, the slaughter rate of pigs can be increased, and the economic income of farmers can be increased. At this stage, due to the continuous increase in population and the serious shortage of resources, there is a global food shortage. Problems such as insufficient protein raw materials and feed shortage in pig feed are becoming increasingly serious. In this context, insect-derived protein feed has become an alternative green feed, which uses insects as raw materials and has many advantages such as high protein content, balanced nutrition, low cost and no pollution.
[0003] The black soldier fly contains relatively high protein, and is rich in amino acids and fatty acids. It is a potential insect-derived protein feed resource. Although in existing research, black soldier fly has been used to replace raw materials such as soybean meal and applied to pig feed, due to unreasonable feed formulation, the improvement of pig production performance is poor, and the feeding cost will also increase, which is not suitable for large-scale breeding. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides black soldier fly-based feed and its application in improving the growth performance and pork quality of pigs. The black soldier fly-based feed provided by the present invention can not only improve the production performance of pigs, but also reduce the feeding cost, increase the gross income, and is suitable for large-scale breeding.
[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0006] The present invention provides a black soldier fly-based feed, comprising black soldier fly powder and a basal diet; the content of black soldier fly powder in the black soldier fly-based feed is 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%; the basal diet comprises the following components in parts by weight: 735 to 745 parts of corn, 100 to 120 parts of soybean meal, 3 to 5 parts of sodium chloride, 77 to 87 parts of vegetable powder, 6 to 10 parts of calcium hydrogen carbonate, 8 to 12 parts of soy lecithin powder, and 6 to 10 parts of pig premix.
[0007] Preferably, the method for preparing the black soldier fly powder comprises: drying the black soldier fly to a water content of less than 10 wt.%, and pulverizing the dried black soldier fly to obtain the black soldier fly powder.
[0008] Preferably, the drying method includes microwave drying; the power of the microwave drying is 25 - 35 kw, and the time is 15 - 20 min.
[0009] Preferably, the vegetable powder includes green leafy vegetable powder; the corn includes secondary corn; the crude protein content of the secondary corn is 7 wt.% - 9 wt.%; the crude protein content of the soybean meal is 40 wt.% - 45 wt.%.
[0010] The present invention provides a preparation method of the black soldier fly type feed described in the above technical solution, including:
[0011] Mix the black soldier fly insect powder and the basal diet evenly to obtain the black soldier fly type feed.
[0012] The present invention provides the application of the black soldier fly type feed described in the above technical solution or the black soldier fly type feed prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution in one or more of improving the growth performance of pigs, improving the slaughter performance of pigs, improving the pork quality, increasing the total protein content in pig serum, increasing the blood glucose value in pig serum, and increasing the income. The pigs include one or more of Dianlu pigs, Baoshan pigs, and Dahewu pigs.
[0013] Preferably, the improvement of the growth performance of pigs includes one or more of increasing body weight, increasing average daily gain, increasing average daily feed intake, and reducing feed to gain ratio.
[0014] Preferably, the improvement of the slaughter performance of pigs includes increasing the slaughter rate and / or backfat thickness.
[0015] Preferably, the improvement of the pork quality includes one or more of increasing the loin eye area, increasing the a value of meat color, increasing the visual meat color value, increasing the marbling, reducing the b value of meat color, reducing the shear force, reducing the drip loss, reducing the cooking loss, reducing the water loss rate, increasing the crude fat content and dry matter content in the longissimus dorsi muscle.
[0016] Preferably, when the pig weight is in the range of 50 kg - 70 kg, the content of the black soldier fly insect powder in the fed black soldier fly type feed is 4 wt.%; when the pig weight > 70 kg, the content of the black soldier fly insect powder in the fed black soldier fly type feed is 3 wt.%.
[0017] Beneficial effects:
[0018] The present invention provides a black soldier fly-based feed, which comprises black soldier fly powder and a basal diet; the content of black soldier fly powder in the black soldier fly-based feed is 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%; the basal diet comprises the following components in parts by weight: 735 to 745 parts of corn, 100 to 120 parts of soybean meal, 3 to 5 parts of sodium chloride, 77 to 87 parts of vegetable powder, 6 to 10 parts of calcium hydrogen carbonate, 8 to 12 parts of soybean phospholipid powder, and 6 to 10 parts of pig premix. The black soldier fly-based feed obtained by compounding appropriate components of the basal diet with an appropriate content of black soldier fly powder can not only improve the production performance of pigs, but also reduce the feeding cost and increase the gross profit, and is suitable for large-scale breeding. The results of the examples show that the black soldier fly-based feed provided by the present invention increases the final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake of the experimental animals, reduces the feed-to-gain ratio, and also increases the live weight before slaughter, slaughter rate, backfat thickness, eye muscle area, a value in meat color, and visual meat color value and marbling, reduces the b value, shear force, drip loss, cooking loss and water loss rate in meat color, increases the content of total protein and blood glucose value in serum, and increases the crude fat content and dry matter content in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Detailed implementation mode
[0019] The present invention provides a black soldier fly-based feed, which comprises black soldier fly powder and a basal diet; the content of black soldier fly powder in the black soldier fly-based feed is 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%; the basal diet comprises the following components in parts by weight: 735 to 745 parts of corn, 100 to 120 parts of soybean meal, 3 to 5 parts of sodium chloride, 77 to 87 parts of vegetable powder, 6 to 10 parts of calcium hydrogen carbonate, 8 to 12 parts of soybean phospholipid powder, and 6 to 10 parts of pig premix.
[0020] Unless otherwise specified, the present invention has no special requirements for the sources of the components of the black soldier fly-based feed, and commercially available products well-known to those skilled in the art can be used.
[0021] As an implementation mode, the content of black soldier fly powder in the black soldier fly-based feed is 3 wt.%, 4 wt.% or 5 wt.%. As an implementation mode, the preparation method of the black soldier fly powder comprises: drying the black soldier fly larvae to a water content of less than 10 wt.%, and pulverizing the dried black soldier fly larvae to obtain the black soldier fly powder. As an implementation mode, the drying method comprises microwave drying; the power of the microwave drying is 25 to 35 kw, and the time is 15 to 20 min. As another implementation mode, the power of the microwave drying is 30 kw, and the time is 16 to 18 min.
[0022] As an implementation mode, the basal diet comprises the following components in parts by weight: 740 - 745 parts of corn, 110 - 120 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of sodium chloride, 77 - 82 parts of vegetable powder, 8 parts of calcium hydrogencarbonate, 10 parts of soy lecithin powder, and 8 parts of pig premix; As another implementation mode, the basal diet comprises the following components in parts by weight: 740 parts of corn, 110 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of sodium chloride, 82 parts of vegetable powder, 8 parts of calcium hydrogencarbonate, 10 parts of soy lecithin powder, and 8 parts of pig premix. As an implementation mode, the vegetable powder comprises green leafy vegetable powder; As an implementation mode, the green leafy vegetable powder comprises Chinese cabbage powder and cabbage powder. As an implementation mode, the corn comprises secondary corn; The crude protein content of the secondary corn is 7wt.% - 9wt.%. As an implementation mode, the crude protein content of the soybean meal is 40wt.% - 45wt.%.
[0023] The black soldier fly-type feed obtained by compounding appropriate components of the basal diet with an appropriate content of black soldier fly powder in the present invention can not only improve the production performance of pigs, but also reduce the feeding cost and increase the gross income, and is suitable for large-scale breeding.
[0024] The present invention provides a preparation method of the black soldier fly-type feed described in the above technical solution, comprising:
[0025] Mix the black soldier fly powder and the basal diet evenly to obtain the black soldier fly-type feed.
[0026] The present invention has no special requirements for the mixing method, and the mixing methods well-known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.
[0027] Based on the above advantages, the present invention provides the application of the black soldier fly-type feed described in the above technical solution or the black soldier fly-type feed prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution in one or more of improving the growth performance of pigs, improving the slaughter performance of pigs, improving the pork quality, increasing the total protein content in pig serum, increasing the blood glucose value in pig serum, and increasing the income, and the pigs include one or more of Dianlu pigs, Baoshan pigs, and Dahewu pigs.
[0028] As an implementation mode, the improvement of the growth performance of pigs includes: increasing body weight, increasing average daily gain, increasing average daily feed intake, and reducing feed-to-gain ratio, one or more of which.
[0029] As an implementation mode, the improvement of the slaughter performance of pigs includes: increasing the slaughter rate and / or backfat thickness.
[0030] As an implementation mode, the improvement of the pork quality includes: increasing the eye muscle area, increasing the a value of the meat color, increasing the visual meat color value, increasing the marbling, reducing the b value of the meat color, reducing the shear force, reducing the drip loss, reducing the cooking loss, and reducing the water loss rate, one or more of which.
[0031] As an implementation method, in the stage when the pig weight is 50 kg to 70 kg, the content of black soldier fly powder in the fed black soldier fly type feed is 4 wt.%; in the stage when the pig weight > 70 kg, the content of black soldier fly powder in the fed black soldier fly type feed is 3 wt.%. The present invention can improve the gross income by feeding different black soldier fly type feeds in different stages.
[0032] To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are used to describe in detail the black soldier fly type feed provided by the present invention and its application in improving the growth performance and pork quality of pigs, but they cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
[0033] Preparation example
[0034] The black soldier fly powder in the following examples or comparative examples is provided by the Yunnan Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, and the preparation method is as follows: The black soldier fly is dried by microwave, the microwave power is 30 kw, the time is 15 - 20 min, the moisture is dried to less than 10 wt.%, and after pulverization, black soldier fly powder with a particle size of 60 - 150 meshes is obtained.
[0035] The vegetable powder in the following examples or comparative examples is green leafy vegetable powder (crude protein is 15.3 wt.%, dry matter 93.4 wt.%, crude fiber 28.6 wt.%, crude fat 2.2 wt.%), purchased from Yunnan Zhanwei Technology Group Co., Ltd.; the pig premix is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 0.4 part of copper sulfate, 0.35 part of zinc sulfate, 0.4 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.15 part of manganese sulfate, 0.3 part of pig compound vitamin, 0.1% of sodium selenite (content 1%), 0.1 part of cobalt chloride (content 1%), 0.5 part of Bacillus subtilis, 0.3 part of Bacillus licheniformis, 0.2 part of antioxidant, 1 part of sodium butyrate raw powder, 0.2 part of high-temperature resistant phytase, 1 part of choline chloride, 1 part of lysine and 2 parts of montmorillonite; Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis are purchased from Luliang Baijiayikang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the unit is 10 8 CFU / g, the pig compound vitamin is purchased from Shanghai Fulangte Animal Health Co., Ltd., the high-temperature resistant phytase is purchased from Tianjin Bofeide Technology Co., Ltd., and the antioxidant is purchased from Taixing Ruitai Chemical Co., Ltd.
[0036] Example 1
[0037] A black soldier fly type feed is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 745 parts of secondary corn (crude protein content 8 wt.%), 120 parts of soybean meal (crude protein content 43 wt.%), 30 parts of black soldier fly powder, 4 parts of sodium chloride, 75 parts of vegetable powder, 8 parts of calcium hydrogen carbonate, 10 parts of soy lecithin powder and 8 parts of pig premix.
[0038] Example 2
[0039] A black soldier fly-type feed is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 740 parts of secondary corn (with a crude protein content of 8 wt.%), 110 parts of soybean meal (with a crude protein content of 43 wt.%), 40 parts of black soldier fly insect powder, 4 parts of sodium chloride, 80 parts of vegetable powder, 8 parts of calcium hydrogen carbonate, 10 parts of soybean phospholipid powder, and 8 parts of pig premix.
[0040] Example 3
[0041] A black soldier fly-type feed is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 735 parts of secondary corn (with a crude protein content of 8 wt.%), 100 parts of soybean meal (with a crude protein content of 43 wt.%), 50 parts of black soldier fly insect powder, 4 parts of sodium chloride, 85 parts of vegetable powder, 8 parts of calcium hydrogen carbonate, 10 parts of soybean phospholipid powder, and 8 parts of pig premix.
[0042] Control Example 1
[0043] A feed without black soldier fly insect powder is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 760 parts of secondary corn (with a crude protein content of 8 wt.%), 135 parts of soybean meal (with a crude protein content of 43 wt.%), 4 parts of sodium chloride, 75 parts of vegetable powder, 8 parts of calcium hydrogen carbonate, 10 parts of soybean phospholipid powder, and 8 parts of pig premix.
[0044] Test Example
[0045] 1. Test location: Pig Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine.
[0046] 2. Test materials and grouping: Select 24 Dianlu pigs at 92 days old (15 males, 9 females, all castrated, with a body weight of about 40 kg). Ear tags are punched and weighed before the experiment. According to the principle of close body weight and close male-female ratio, they are randomly divided into 4 groups, with 1 replicate in each group, 6 pigs in one replicate, 6 pigs in the control group (3 males, 3 females), and 6 pigs in each of the 3 experimental groups (4 males, 2 females). The control group uses a basal diet without black soldier fly addition (i.e., the feed of Control Example 1), the experimental group I uses 3% black soldier fly-type feed (i.e., the black soldier fly-type feed of Example 1), the experimental group II uses 4% black soldier fly-type feed (i.e., the black soldier fly-type feed of Example 2), and the experimental group III uses 5% black soldier fly-type feed (i.e., the black soldier fly-type feed of Example 3); The test period of this experiment is 119 days in total, with a pre-feeding period of 7 days and a formal test of 112 days.
[0047] 3. Feed processing: The test feed is processed by Yunnan Yunda Feed Co., Ltd.
[0048] 4. Adopt the methods of free access to feed and water; observe the diarrhea situation every day: add feed at 09:00 every day and record the weight of the added feed and the remaining feed, and record the diarrhea situation. When recording the number of diarrhea pigs, the severity level of diarrhea should also be recorded. According to the method of Guo Rongfu (Guo Rongfu. Research on the nutritional and physiological effects of glutamine on early-weaned piglets in isolation [D]. Sichuan Agricultural University, 2003.), diarrhea is divided into 4 grades. Grade 0: strip or granular; Grade 1: soft feces, formed; Grade 2: thick, unformed, feces and water not separated; Grade 3: liquid, unformed, feces and water separated. When the fecal score is 2 or above, it is considered that the pigs have diarrhea. Calculate the diarrhea rate of each group at the end of the experiment.
[0049] 5. Observe the gas quality of the pig body height in the experimental pigsty at 14d, 28d, 42d, 56d, 70d, 84d, 98d and 112d of the formal experiment respectively. Measure 3 points at each height, measure the gas components (NH3, H2S, CO2 and CH4) and volatile organic compounds VOC, and collect fresh feces in liquid nitrogen (3×200mg per group) and store them at -20 °C (500g per group): Stimulate the rectum of each pig with a cotton swab to collect fresh fecal samples. Use 5ml cryotubes to collect 6 samples per pen. In addition, take 300g after fully mixing the fecal samples of each pen of pigs, remove the hair and dander, add 10mL of 10% hydrochloric acid, mix well, and store in a -20 °C refrigerator for testing. Detect the conventional components (crude protein, total nitrogen, moisture, crude fiber, crude fat) and metabolites (total biogenic amines, cadaverine, tryptamine, phenol, p-cresol and skatole).
[0050] 6. During the experiment, observe the health status of the experimental pigs every day; after the experiment, select 3 pigs (2 males, 1 female) from each group for slaughter, evaluate the slaughter performance, collect the longissimus dorsi muscle for meat quality determination (pH value, drip loss, meat color, marbling), analyze the contents of conventional components (crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and ash), amino acids, fatty acids and 3 nucleotides (inosinic acid, adenylic acid, guanylic acid), and use two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS) analysis technology to detect the volatile flavor substances in the samples; collect 10mL of blood from the anterior vena cava. After the blood is allowed to stand at low temperature for 30min, centrifuge at 3000r / min for 10min at 4 °C to obtain serum, aliquot and store in a -20 °C refrigerator for later use. Use an animal biochemical analyzer to perform a blood routine analysis (glucose, urea nitrogen, albumin, total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein).
[0051] 7. Statistical analysis
[0052] The experimental data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA module in SPSS 20.0 software package for one-way ANOVA. For those with significant differences, Tukey's was used for multiple comparisons. All result data were expressed as mean ± standard error. P < 0.01 indicated extremely significant differences, and P < 0.05 indicated significant differences.
[0053] 8. Determination and analysis methods
[0054] 1) Refer to "Determination of Moisture in Foods GB 5009.3-2016" to determine the content of dry matter and moisture, refer to "Determination of Ash in Foods GB 5009.4-2016" to determine the content of ash, refer to "Determination of Protein in Foods GB 5009.5-2016" to determine the content of crude protein, and refer to "Determination of Fat in Foods GB 5009.6-2016" to determine the content of fat.
[0055] 2) Production performance determination
[0056] (1) Feed intake and weighing: Record the feed intake and health status of each group every day. On the 1st, 15th, 29th, 43rd, 57th, 71st, and 98th days of the formal experimental period, conduct tray feeding and weighing (fasting after morning feeding), and count the data. Calculate the feed intake, weight gain, etc. of each group. Evaluate the impact of the feed on body weight and production performance.
[0057] (2) Calculate the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain, and feed-to-weight ratio.
[0058] 3) Slaughter determination
[0059] On the day when the experiment ended, select 3 animals (2 males, 1 female) from each group for slaughter determination. The determination indexes are as follows:
[0060] (1) Slaughter performance indexes such as live weight before slaughter, carcass weight, lean meat rate, intramuscular fat, etc.;
[0061] (2) Meat quality (longissimus dorsi muscle): cooked meat rate, shear force, meat color, pH value, drip loss, marbling;
[0062] (3) Serum biochemical indexes: Collect 5 mL of blood and place it in a coagulation-promoting tube. After standing at room temperature for 30 min, centrifuge it at 3000 rpm for 15 min to separate the serum, aliquot it into EP tubes, and store it at -20 °C;
[0063] (4) Digestive tract contents: cecal contents (microbial diversity, non-targeted metabolomics, short-chain fatty acids);
[0064] (5) Chemical routine (longissimus dorsi muscle): crude fat, crude protein, amino acids, fatty acids;
[0065] (6) Tissue sections: small intestine, subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat
[0066] (7) Contents of 3 nucleotides (inosinic acid, adenylic acid, guanylic acid);
[0067] (8) Detection of volatile flavor substances was carried out by two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS) analysis technology.
[0068] 9. Test results
[0069] Table 1 Growth performance (50 - 70 kg)
[0070] Project Control Group Test Group I Test Group II Test Group III Initial Body Weight / kg 52.08±5.30 51.08±2.92 51.58±2.88 50.63±5.88 Final Body Weight / kg 73.87±6.33 73.63±6.02 74.87±3.38 73.73±8.19 Average Daily Feed Intake / (kg / d) 2.75±0.28 2.78±0.23 2.81±0.26 2.79±0.26 Average Daily Weight Gain / (g / d) 807.10±109.81 835.49±154.28 862.35±61.05 855.56±170.42 Feed Conversion Ratio 3.40 3.33 3.25 3.26 Cost (yuan / kg) 11.02 11.33 11.23 11.39 Gross Income (yuan / day·head) 4.83 4.74 4.98 4.80
[0071] Table 2 Growth performance (70 - 120 kg)
[0072] Project Control Group Test Group I Test Group II Test Group III Initial Body Weight / kg 73.87±6.33 73.63±6.02 74.87±3.38 73.73±8.19 Final Body Weight / kg 109.83±10.40 113.48±13.51 116.62±8.89 113.32±14.79 Average Daily Feed Intake / (kg / d) 2.85±0.32 2.84±0.20 3.04±0.05 2.90±0.10 Average Daily Weight Gain / (g / d) 589.62±59.4a 674.10±83.8ab 684.43±73.7b 648.91±108.8ab Feed Conversion Ratio 4.83 4.21 4.45 4.47 Cost (yuan / kg) 15.64 14.33 15.34 15.62 Gross Income (yuan / day·head) 0.80 1.80 1.13 0.90
[0073] Note: Pigs with a body weight of 70 kg are classified into the group of 50 - 70 kg, and pigs with a body weight greater than 70 kg are classified into the group of 70 - 120 kg. The same applies to the following tables. Different lowercase letters indicate P < 0.05.
[0074] As can be seen from Table 1, in the 50 kg - 70 kg stage of Dianlu pigs, compared with the control group, adding 3%, 4% and 5% black soldier fly larvae to the diet could increase the final body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake of the experimental animals, and reduce the feed-to-weight ratio; compared with the control group, the 4% addition group increased the gross income by 3.11%, the average daily feed intake by 2.18%, and the average daily gain by 6.85%, and reduced the feed-to-weight ratio by 4.41%. Therefore, adding 4% black soldier fly larvae powder to the diet has better production and economic benefits in the 50 - 70 kg stage.
[0075] As can be seen from Table 2, during the 70 kg - 120 kg stage of Dianlu pigs, adding 3%, 4%, and 5% black soldier fly larvae to the diet can promote an increase in the final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gross income of the experimental animals compared to the control group, while the feed-to-weight ratio and cost decrease compared to the control group. Compared with the control group, the 3% addition group increased the gross income by 125.16% and the average daily gain by 14.33%, and decreased the feed-to-weight ratio by 12.90%. The 4% addition group increased the gross income by 41.87%, the average daily feed intake by 6.78%, the average daily gain by 23.94%, and decreased the breeding cost per pig by 1.93% and the feed-to-weight ratio by 8.01%. The 5% addition group increased the gross income by 12.04%, the average daily feed intake by 1.68%, the average daily gain by 10.06%, and decreased the feed-to-weight ratio by 7.61%. Therefore, during the 70 - 120 kg stage, adding 3%, 4%, and 5% black soldier fly larvae powder to the diet can improve production and economic efficiency, and the 3% addition group has better production and economic efficiency.
[0076] Table 3 Growth performance (corrected value) (70 - 120 kg)
[0077] Project Control Group Test Group I Test Group II Test Group III Initial Body Weight / kg 73.87±6.33 73.63±6.02 74.87±3.38 73.73±8.19 Final Body Weight / kg 113.8±5.94 119.10±8.38 119.22±7.37 118.22±10.38 Average Daily Feed Intake / (kg / d) 2.85±0.32 2.84±0.20 3.04±0.05 2.90±0.10 Average Daily Weight Gain / (g / d) 624.26a±73.34 750.0b0±54.88 711.80ab±127.29 693.44ab±64.42 Feed Conversion Ratio 4.83 4.21 4.45 4.47 Cost (yuan / kg) 14.78 12.88 14.75 14.62 Gross Income (yuan / day·head) 1.39 3.09 1.60 1.65
[0078] Based on the small number of experimental animals (6 per group), after removing the abnormal data in each group according to the basic principles of data analysis, the corrected growth performance values in Table 3 were obtained. During the 70 kg - 120 kg stage of Dianlu pigs, adding 3%, 4%, and 5% black soldier fly larvae to the diet can promote an increase in the final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gross income of the experimental animals compared to the control group, while the feed-to-weight ratio and cost decrease compared to the control group. Compared with the control group, the 3% addition group increased the gross income by 122.58% and the average daily gain by 20.14%, and decreased the feed-to-weight ratio by 17.12% and the production cost (per kg of live pig) by 12.84%. The 4% addition group increased the gross income by 15.22%, the average daily feed intake by 6.78%, the average daily gain by 14.02%, and decreased the breeding cost per pig by 0.16% and the feed-to-weight ratio by 6.35%. The 5% addition group increased the gross income by 19.04%, the average daily feed intake by 1.68%, the average daily gain by 11.08%, and decreased the feed-to-weight ratio by 8.46%. Therefore, during the 70 - 120 kg stage, adding 3%, 4%, and 5% black soldier fly larvae powder to the diet can improve production and economic efficiency, and the 3% addition group has better production and economic efficiency.
[0079] Table 4 Determination and analysis of slaughter performance and meat quality
[0080]
[0081] As can be seen from Table 4, the addition of 4% black soldier fly meal can increase the live weight before slaughter, slaughter rate, backfat thickness, eye muscle area, a value in meat color, visual meat color value and marbling, and decrease the b value in meat color, shear force, drip loss, cooking loss and water loss rate.
[0082] Table 5 Serum biochemical determination and analysis
[0083]
[0084]
[0085] As can be seen from Table 5, the addition of black soldier fly can increase the content of total protein and blood glucose value in serum.
[0086] Table 6 Determination and analysis of conventional components of the longissimus dorsi muscle
[0087] Group Control Group Test Group I Test Group II Test Group III Moisture 81.30±0.88 81.87±1.94 79.59±1.00 79.33±0.40 Dry Matter 19.61±0.97 18.95±2.09 21.44±1.06 21.58±0.44 Ash 0.81±0.02 0.81±0.08 0.8±0.063 0.91±0.02 Crude Protein 17.48±0.87 16.88±1.38 17.27±1.09 18.89±0.29 Crude Fat 2.04±0.56 1.85±0.30 3.28±1.74 2.19±0.41 Total Phosphorus 0.144±0.0106a 0.1438±0.012Aab 0.1549±0.0107 0.1768±0.0109bB
[0088] As can be seen from Table 6, the addition of black soldier fly can increase the crude fat content and dry matter content in the longissimus dorsi muscle.
[0089] In summary, the black soldier fly-based feed provided by the present invention can not only improve the production performance of pigs, but also reduce the feeding cost and increase the gross income, and is suitable for large-scale breeding.
[0090] Although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments according to these embodiments without creative efforts, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A black soldier fly feed, characterized in that: The invention comprises black soldier fly meal and a basic diet; the content of the black soldier fly meal in the black soldier fly feed is 3wt.%-5wt.%; the basic diet comprises the following components in parts by weight: 735-745 parts of corn, 100-120 parts of soybean meal, 3-5 parts of sodium chloride, 77-87 parts of vegetable powder, 6-10 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 8-12 parts of soybean lecithin powder and 6-10 parts of pig premix.
2. The black soldier fly feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the black soldier fly powder comprises: drying the black soldier fly to reduce the moisture content to below 10wt.%, and crushing the dried black soldier fly to obtain the black soldier fly powder.
3. The black soldier fly feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drying method includes microwave drying; the power of the microwave drying is 25-35kw and the time is 15-20min.
4. The black soldier fly feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetable powder includes green leaf vegetable powder; the corn includes secondary corn; the crude protein content of the secondary corn is 7wt.% to 9wt.%; the crude protein content of the soybean meal is 40wt.% to 45wt.%.
5. The method for preparing the black soldier fly feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include: The black soldier fly powder and the basic diet are mixed evenly to obtain the black soldier fly feed.
6. Use of the black soldier fly feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the black soldier fly feed prepared by the preparation method according to claim 5 in one or more of improving the growth performance of pigs, improving the slaughter performance of pigs, improving the quality of pork, increasing the total protein content in pig serum, increasing the blood sugar level in pig serum and increasing the income, wherein the pigs include one or more of Dianlu pigs, Baoshan pigs and Dahe black pigs.
7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: Improving the growth performance of pigs includes: one or more of increasing body weight, increasing average daily weight gain, increasing average daily feed intake and reducing feed-to-weight ratio.
8. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The improving the slaughtering performance of pigs includes: improving the slaughtering rate and / or fat thickness.
9. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method for improving pork quality comprises: increasing the area of the eye muscle, increasing the a value in meat color, increasing the intuitive meat color value, increasing the marbling pattern, reducing the b value in meat color, reducing shear force, reducing drip loss, reducing cooking loss, reducing water loss rate, and increasing one or more of the crude fat content and dry matter content in the longissimus dorsi muscle.
10. The use according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: When the pigs weigh 50kg to 70kg, the content of black soldier fly powder in the black soldier fly feed is 4wt.%; when the pigs weigh more than 70kg, the content of black soldier fly powder in the black soldier fly feed is 3wt.%.