Organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment and fermentation process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waste fermentation, and particularly discloses organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment and a fermentation process, the organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment comprises a fermentation kettle, the top end of the fermentation kettle is fixedly connected with a top cover through a bolt; the device further comprises an oil pumping assembly, and the oil pumping assembly is used for pumping upper-layer oil liquid in the fermentation kettle. Kitchen garbage is diluted, stirred and naturally layered, grease with the minimum density is gathered at the top end of the liquid level and adsorbed through the oil absorption assembly, oil-water separation of a fermentation mixture is achieved, the situation that grease adheres to the surface of residues, an oil film is formed on the surface of the grease, and decomposition of the residues by flora is hindered is avoided, and the oil-water separation efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, oil liquid is prevented from forming an oil layer on the liquid surface to block gas exchange between the mixture and the outside, the aeration assembly intermittently aerates the interior of the fermentation kettle, the mixture is slightly stirred while sufficient oxygen is provided for the mixture, and flora and oxygen in the mixture are distributed more uniformly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste fermentation, and specifically provides an aerobic fermentation device and fermentation process for organic waste. Background Art

[0002] Kitchen waste refers to the waste generated in activities such as residents' daily life, food processing, catering services, and unit meal provision. With the increase in urban population and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the proportion of kitchen waste in urban domestic waste is increasing day by day, and the resulting environmental pollution problems are becoming increasingly serious. Since the nutrients in kitchen waste are rich and can meet the growth needs of various microorganisms, it can be converted into high-quality organic fertilizer through fermentation. This fertilizer is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required for plant growth, can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and promote plant growth.

[0003] For example, Chinese Patent No. CN115925453B discloses a phase-change type kitchen waste aerobic fermentation treatment device at normal temperature, including a garbage pretreatment bin that can crush kitchen waste; a microbial reduction bin that is connected to the garbage pretreatment bin through a pipeline; a conveying and dewatering bin that is connected to the microbial reduction bin through a pipeline. The conveying and dewatering bin has a rectangular box structure, and a spiral conveying component is provided inside the conveying and dewatering bin. The spiral conveying component has a spiral rotating shaft, and spiral rotating blades are circumferentially arranged on the spiral rotating shaft. The diameter of the spiral rotating blades gradually decreases along the axis direction of the spiral rotating shaft. A dehydration mesh cover is coaxially sleeved on the spiral conveying component. The dehydration mesh cover has a cylindrical structure, and the inner diameter of the dehydration mesh cover is adapted to the spiral rotating blades. The present invention can not only achieve the parallel connection of multiple microbial reduction bins, centralized system control, small floor area, flexible installation, intelligent control, but also significantly improve work efficiency and greatly reduce the operating labor cost.

[0004] However, kitchen waste often contains a large amount of grease. The grease is hydrophobic and will wrap around the surface of microorganisms, forming an isolation film that hinders the contact between microorganisms and fermentation substrates, thereby inhibiting the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, making some grease-tolerant microorganisms become the dominant flora and affecting the quality of fermentation products. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an aerobic fermentation device and fermentation process for organic waste to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An aerobic fermentation device for organic waste, including a fermentation kettle: The top of the fermentation kettle is fixedly connected by bolts with a top cover;

[0007] It further includes an oil pumping component for pumping the upper-layer oil liquid in the fermentation tank;

[0008] It further includes an aeration component for aerating the bottom of the fermentation tank, and the aeration bubbles will seep upward from the solid food waste and drive the grease to float upward through the bubbles.

[0009] Preferably, the oil pumping component includes a fixing ring fixedly installed above the top cover through a bracket, and the fixing ring is eccentrically arranged relative to the top cover. A rotating shaft is installed at the center of the top cover, with one end penetrating into the fermentation tank and being able to rotate. A piston box is fixedly installed at the top end of the rotating shaft. A sliding rod passing through both ends of the piston box is slidably installed in the piston box. Roller wheels are rotatably installed at both ends of the sliding rod, and both roller wheels can contact or disengage from the inner wall of the fixing ring. A piston plate slidably installed in the piston box is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the sliding rod. An oil suction ring is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and the oil suction ring is unidirectionally communicated with the piston box through an oil delivery pipe buried in the rotating shaft. A plurality of centrifugal rods are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft.

[0010] Preferably, an annular cavity is opened in the rotating shaft, and a rotating disk is rotatably installed in the annular cavity. A driven shaft that is inserted into and can rotate with the rotating shaft is installed at the bottom end of the fermentation tank. A water delivery pipe is jointly buried in the driven shaft and the rotating shaft, and both the water delivery pipe and the oil delivery pipe can be unidirectionally communicated with the piston box through the rotating disk. A drainage rod communicated with the water delivery pipe is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the driven shaft, and the two sides of the piston box of the piston plate are respectively unidirectionally communicated with an external water supply device and an external oil storage device.

[0011] Preferably, a top box located above the piston box is further fixedly installed at the top end of the top cover. There are two empty boxes in the top box. A rotating rod is fixedly installed at the top end of the piston box. The two empty boxes are respectively unidirectionally communicated with the spaces on both sides of the piston plate of the piston box through pipelines buried in the rotating rod. One of the empty boxes is communicated with an external water supply device, and the other empty box is communicated with an external oil storage device.

[0012] Preferably, the aeration component includes a bottom cavity opened on the inner wall of the bottom end of the fermentation tank. A sliding plate is slidably installed on the outer wall of the end of the driven shaft penetrating into the bottom cavity, and the outer wall of the sliding plate is slidably installed on the inner side wall of the bottom cavity through a flat key. An arc groove composed of two inclined grooves connected end to end is opened on the outer wall of the driven shaft. A convex block slidably installed in the arc groove is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the sliding plate. An aeration pipe is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the driven shaft, and the aeration pipe is unidirectionally communicated with the bottom cavity above the sliding plate, and a through hole unidirectionally communicated with the outside is provided on the outer wall of the bottom cavity.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of rotating ratchet teeth are rotatably installed on the end face of the rotating shaft inserted into the driven shaft through a torsion spring, and the inner wall of the driven shaft is provided with a ratchet-shaped cavity opposite to the direction of the rotating ratchet teeth. A plurality of stirring rods are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the driven shaft and are distributed in a ring shape with staggered heights.

[0014] Preferably, a discharge port is provided on the outer wall of the bottom end of the fermentation tank. A sealing ring is rotatably installed on the outer wall of the fermentation tank. A discharge pipe that can communicate with the discharge port is provided on the outer wall of the sealing ring, and a filter screen is provided at the discharge port.

[0015] Preferably, the top end of the rotating disc is higher than the inner bottom wall of the piston box, and soft sealing materials are provided on the four sides of the piston plate.

[0016] Preferably, a plurality of groups of aeration pipes and drainage rods are provided and are alternately arranged on the outer wall of the driven shaft. Two spiral rings with opposite directions are fixedly installed at the end of the centrifugal rod.

[0017] An aerobic fermentation process for organic waste, including an aerobic fermentation device for organic waste, comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: First, pour kitchen waste into the fermentation tank. After adding an appropriate amount of water, fix the top cover on the top end of the fermentation tank through bolts. Then, drive the rotating shaft and the driven shaft to rotate together by a motor, and cooperate with the stirring rods to stir the raw materials. After stirring evenly, let it stand until the solution is divided into three layers.

[0019] Step 2: After the solution is stratified, continue to drive the rotating shaft and the centrifugal rod to rotate, so that the upper oil layer and the middle water layer rotate centrifugally together until the water layer forms a conical semi-surrounding layer for the oil layer and squeezes the oil layer into the center of the vortex.

[0020] Step 3: At this time, the piston box rotates in cooperation with the fixed ring to drive the sliding rod to drive the piston plate to reciprocate in the piston box. The rotating disc is used to make the spaces on both sides of the piston plate communicate with the water supply pipe and the oil supply pipe unidirectionally respectively, so that oil absorption and water supply are alternated and the volume remains the same to ensure that the liquid level height remains unchanged.

[0021] Step 4: At the same time, the driven shaft drives the sliding plate to reciprocate to aerate the bottom end of the fermentation tank. The adsorption force of the bubbles on the grease is used to make the grease on the surface of the food residue float together with the bubbles and converge with the oil layer. Until the oil layer completely enters the empty box, let the solution stand and start to ferment.

[0022] Step 5: During the fermentation process, intermittently stir the fermentation tank and introduce bubbles through the sliding plate and the driven shaft to provide oxygen for fermentation and increase ventilation. At the same time, improve the distribution of the microbial population in the solution through stirring until the fermentation is completed.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. The present invention dilutes and stirs kitchen waste to make it naturally stratified. When the oil with the lowest density accumulates at the top of the liquid surface and is adsorbed by the oil absorption component, the fermentation mixture is separated from oil and water. This avoids the adhesion of oil to the surface of the residue, forming an oil film that hinders the decomposition of the residue by the bacterial community. At the same time, it prevents the formation of an oil layer on the liquid surface from blocking the gas exchange between the mixture and the outside. Moreover, the aeration component intermittently aerates the fermentation tank, providing sufficient oxygen for the mixture while slightly stirring the mixture, making the distribution of the bacterial community and oxygen in the mixture more uniform and improving the fermentation efficiency and effect.

[0025] 2. The present invention drives the piston box to rotate together through the rotating shaft, drives the sliding rod to reciprocate inside the piston plate, and enables the oil liquid to flow into the piston box under the change of air pressure in the piston box in cooperation with the oil delivery pipe. When the rotating shaft rotates, it drives the centrifugal rod to rotate together, causing the water layer at the edge to float upward to form a conical liquid surface, squeezing the oil layer on the liquid surface into the center of the vortex, increasing the height of the oil liquid. Since the oil content depends on the content in the kitchen waste and its content is not fixed, it is difficult to complete the suction when the oil liquid on the liquid surface is less. At this time, increasing the height of the oil liquid can facilitate the suction of the oil, enabling the oil pumping component to still normally suck the oil layer when the amount of oil liquid is less.

[0026] 3. The present invention drives the sliding plate to squeeze the air above it into the bottom of the fermentation tank to form bubbles by the rotation of the driven shaft. While supplementing the oxygen content in the fermentation tank, the adhesion of the oil on the surface of the residue is lifted to the liquid surface and aggregated with the oil layer by the adsorption effect of the bubbles, further reducing the wrapping of the oil layer on the surface of the residue, making it easier for the bacterial community to decompose the residue, and thus improving the fermentation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 is a side-sectional view of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 3 in the present invention Figure 2 is an isometric three-dimensional structure diagram;

[0030] Figure 4 is a side-sectional view of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 5 in the present invention Figure 3 is an isometric three-dimensional structure diagram;

[0032] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the hollow box of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the driven shaft in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of the insertion joint between the rotating shaft and the driven shaft in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the oil layer and the water layer in the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1, fermentation tank; 2, top cover; 3, sealing ring; 4, fixing ring; 5, top box; 6, empty box; 7, piston box; 8, rotating shaft; 9, driven shaft; 10, stirring rod; 11, spiral ring; 12, air supply pipe; 13, piston plate; 14, sliding rod; 15, rotating disk; 16, roller; 17, water delivery pipe; 18, drainage rod; 19, bottom cavity; 20, sliding plate; 21, ratchet cavity; 22, rotating ratchet teeth; 23, centrifugal rod; 24, oil suction ring; 25, oil delivery pipe; 26, rotating rod. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 , the present invention provides a technical solution: The top end of the fermentation tank 1 is fixedly connected with a top cover 2 through bolts;

[0039] It further includes an oil pumping assembly for pumping the upper layer of oil liquid in the fermentation tank 1;

[0040] It further includes an aeration assembly for aerating the bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and the aerated bubbles will seep upward from the solid food waste, and drive the grease to float upward through the bubbles.

[0041] When the device is in use, first put the kitchen waste mixture such as swill into the fermentation tank 1 and add an appropriate amount of water to it so that the liquid level reaches the preset height inside the fermentation tank 1. Then, use the external stirring component to fully stir the mixture to separate the grease adhering to the surface of the food residue from the residue and mix it into the water. After standing for a period of time, the mixture in the fermentation tank 1 will naturally stratify. Since the grease in the mixture is insoluble in water and has the lowest density, the top layer is grease, the second layer is clear water with a higher density, and the mixture at the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 is at the bottom layer due to its higher density. At this time, use the oil extraction component to suck the grease at the top of the fermentation tank 1 to prevent the high grease content in the kitchen waste from accumulating at the liquid surface top, forming a sealed space between the oil liquid and the side wall and bottom surface of the fermentation tank 1, blocking the gas exchange between the mixture and the outside world, causing the aerobic fermentation to turn into anaerobic fermentation after the oxygen in the mixture is consumed, and the grease on the surface of the residue coats the surface of the residue, preventing the bacteria from contacting the residue and resulting in incomplete fermentation. After sucking up the grease at the liquid surface top, fix the top cover 2 on the top of the fermentation tank 1 with bolts, and conduct aerobic fermentation inside it through the ventilation holes opened on the side wall of the fermentation tank 1. After fermenting for a period of time, conduct intermittent aeration in the fermentation tank 1 through the aeration component to supplement the oxygen required by the bacteria in the mixture, and at the same time use the air flow to slightly stir the mixture to make the distribution of the bacteria more uniform until the fermentation is completed.

[0042] In this way, by diluting and stirring the kitchen waste and allowing it to naturally stratify, while separating the grease attached to the surface of the food residue and mixing it into the water, the grease with the lowest density is gathered at the liquid surface top and the oil absorption component is used to adsorb the grease, achieving oil-water separation of the fermentation mixture, preventing the grease from adhering to the surface of the residue and forming an oil film to hinder the decomposition of the residue by the bacteria, and at the same time preventing the oil layer from forming on the liquid surface to block the gas exchange between the mixture and the outside world, so that the aerobic bacteria cannot obtain the required oxygen, thus inhibiting the aerobic fermentation in the fermentation tank 1, causing the fermentation product to change from organic matter to inorganic matter, making the product properties unable to meet the production requirements. Moreover, the aeration component conducts intermittent aeration in the fermentation tank 1, providing sufficient oxygen for the mixture while slightly stirring the mixture, making the distribution of the bacteria and oxygen in the mixture more uniform, and improving the fermentation efficiency and fermentation effect.

[0043] Further, the oil pumping assembly includes a fixed ring 4 fixedly installed above the top cover 2 through a bracket, and the fixed ring 4 is eccentrically arranged relative to the top cover 2. A rotating shaft 8 is installed at the center of the top cover 2 and can rotate through one end into the fermentation tank 1. A piston box 7 is fixedly installed at the top end of the rotating shaft 8. A sliding rod 14 passing through both ends of the piston box 7 is slidably installed in the piston box 7. Roller 16 is rotatably installed at both ends of the sliding rod 14, and both rollers 16 can contact or disengage from the inner wall of the fixed ring 4. A piston plate 13 slidably installed in the piston box 7 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the sliding rod 14. An oil suction ring 24 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 8. The oil suction ring 24 and the piston box 7 are unidirectionally communicated through an oil delivery pipe 25 buried in the rotating shaft 8. A plurality of centrifugal rods 23 are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 8.

[0044] According to the above embodiment, a specific embodiment of the oil pumping assembly is provided. When the external driving structure drives the rotating shaft 8 to rotate, specifically refer to Figure 4 , when the rotating shaft 8 drives the piston box 7 to rotate, since the fixed ring 4 is eccentrically arranged, when the piston box 7 rotates, it will drive the sliding rod 14 to rotate eccentrically in the fixed ring 4. At this time, the sliding rod 14 drives the piston plate 13 to reciprocate in the piston box 7, causing the air pressure on both sides of the piston plate 13 to increase and decrease intermittently, so that the oil liquid at the top of the fermentation tank 1 flows into the piston box 7 unidirectionally through the oil suction ring 24 and the oil delivery pipe 25 until the oil layer on the liquid surface is completely sucked into the piston box 7. That is, after observing that a large amount of water is sucked into the piston box 7, the oil-water separation of the mixture can be realized. At the same time, the rotating shaft 8 drives the external centrifugal rod 23 to rotate, causing the water layer and the oil layer to flow in a swirling shape. Specifically refer to Figure 9 , in the figure, a is the oil layer and b is the water surface. When the oil layer and the water layer rotate together, since the density and mass of water are greater than that of the oil liquid, the water flows towards the side wall of the fermentation tank 1 under the action of centrifugal force, forming a conical liquid surface, squeezing the oil layer into the center of the vortex, so that the oil layer on the liquid surface gathers and increases the height of the oil layer by reducing the surface area of the oil layer, facilitating the oil suction ring 24 to suck the oil layer, and thus completing the intermittent suction of the oil layer until the oil liquid completely enters the piston box 7, completing the oil-water separation of the mixture.

[0045] In this way, by driving the piston box 7 to rotate together with the rotating shaft 8, the sliding rod 14 is driven to reciprocate in the piston plate 13, and the oil liquid flows into the piston box 7 under the change of air pressure in the piston box 7 in cooperation with the oil delivery pipe 25. When the rotating shaft 8 rotates, it drives the centrifugal rod 23 to rotate together, causing the edge of the water layer to float up to form a conical liquid surface, squeezing the oil layer on the liquid surface into the center of the vortex, increasing the height of the oil liquid. Since the oil content depends on the content in the kitchen waste and its content is not fixed, it is difficult to complete the suction when the oil liquid on the liquid surface is less. At this time, increasing the height of the oil liquid can facilitate the suction of the oil, so that the oil pumping assembly can still normally suck the oil layer when the amount of oil liquid is less.

[0046] Furthermore, an annular cavity is formed inside the rotating shaft 8. A rotating disk 15 is rotatably installed inside the annular cavity. At the bottom end of the fermentation tank 1, a driven shaft 9 is installed which is inserted into and rotatable with the rotating shaft 8. A water delivery pipe 17 is buried together with the rotating shaft 8 and the driven shaft 9. Both the water delivery pipe 17 and the oil delivery pipe 25 can be unidirectionally communicated with the piston chamber 7 through the rotating disk 15. A drain rod 18 communicating with the water delivery pipe 17 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the driven shaft 9. The two sides of the piston plate 13 inside the piston chamber 7 are respectively unidirectionally communicated with an external water supply device and an external oil storage device.

[0047] According to the above embodiments, when the piston plate 13 reciprocates inside the piston chamber 7, specifically referring to Figure 4 , when the piston plate 13 moves to the left and crosses the rotating disk 15, it drives the rotating disk 15 to shift to the left together through friction, so that the space on the right side of the piston plate 13 is communicated with the water delivery pipe 17. When the piston plate 13 moves to the right, the water in the space on the right side of the piston plate 13 can be pressed into the bottom of the mixture through the drain rod 18. By using the rising of the water flow, the oil on the surface of the residue is washed into the oil layer on the liquid surface, increasing the oil removal effect. When the piston plate 13 moves to the right and crosses the rotating disk 15, it drives the rotating disk 15 to shift to the right together through friction, so that the space on the left side of the piston plate 13 is communicated with the oil delivery pipe 25. At this time, the other side of the piston plate 13 adsorbs the oil layer on the liquid surface. When the piston plate 13 moves to the right, the oil in the space on the right side of the piston plate 13 is squeezed into an external oil removal device through the oil delivery pipe 25. Since the piston plate 13 slides reciprocally and evenly, the oil absorption amount of the oil absorption ring 24 is kept consistent with the water discharge amount of the drain rod 18, so that the liquid levels of the oil layer and the water layer remain unchanged, preventing the liquid level from dropping below the oil absorption ring 24 and making the oil unable to separate from the liquid surface normally.

[0048] Furthermore, a top box 5 located above the piston chamber 7 is fixedly installed at the top end of the top cover 2. There are two empty boxes 6 inside the top box 5. A rotating rod 26 is fixedly installed at the top end of the piston chamber 7. The two empty boxes 6 are respectively unidirectionally communicated with the spaces on both sides of the piston plate 13 inside the piston chamber 7 through pipelines buried inside the rotating rod 26. One of the empty boxes 6 is communicated with an external water supply device, and the other empty box 6 is communicated with an external oil storage device.

[0049] According to the above embodiments, a specific implementation method is provided for connecting the two sides of the piston plate 13 inside the piston chamber 7 with an external water supply device and an external oil storage device respectively. Since the rotating shaft 8 drives the piston chamber 7 to rotate continuously, two empty boxes 6 are arranged above the piston chamber 7, and the spaces on both sides of the piston plate 13 inside the piston chamber 7 are respectively connected with the external water supply device and the external oil storage device through the pipelines buried in the rotating rod 26. In this way, when the piston chamber 7 rotates together with the rotating rod 26, the connection with the external water supply device and the external oil storage device can still be maintained.

[0050] Further, the aeration component includes a bottom cavity 19 formed in the inner wall of the bottom end of the fermentation tank 1. One end of the driven shaft 9 that penetrates into the bottom cavity 19 is slidably mounted with a sliding plate 20 on the outer wall. The outer wall of the sliding plate 20 is slidably mounted on the inner side wall of the bottom cavity 19 through a flat key. An arc groove composed of two inclined grooves connected end to end is formed on the outer wall of the driven shaft 9. A convex block slidably mounted in the arc groove is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the sliding plate 20. An aeration pipe 12 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the driven shaft 9. The aeration pipe 12 is unidirectionally communicated with the bottom cavity 19 above the sliding plate 20, and a through hole unidirectionally communicated with the outside is provided on the outer wall of the bottom cavity 19.

[0051] According to the above embodiments, when the external driving structure drives the driven shaft 9 to rotate, the chute in the driven shaft 9 rotates, causing the sliding plate 20 to slide vertically back and forth along the side wall of the bottom cavity 19. As a result, the gas above the sliding plate 20 enters the fermentation tank 1 along the aeration pipe 12 and forms bubbles through the filter holes at the nozzle of the aeration pipe 12. When the bubbles rise, not only can a part of the oxygen be dissolved in the mixture to provide the required oxygen for the bacterial community, but also the collision between the bubbles and the food residues will cause the bubbles to separate the grease adhering to the bubble surface from the residues and rise to the liquid surface together with the bubbles, further removing the grease in the residues to the liquid surface layer, increasing the contact area between the residues and the bacterial community, and thus improving the fermentation effect.

[0052] In this way, the rotation of the driven shaft 9 drives the sliding plate 20 to squeeze the air above it into the bottom end of the fermentation tank 1 and form bubbles. While supplementing the oxygen content in the fermentation tank 1, the adsorption effect of the bubbles on the grease is used to rise the grease adhering to the surface of the residues to the liquid surface and accumulate with the oil layer, further reducing the wrapping of the oil layer on the surface of the residues by the residues, making it easier for the bacterial community to decompose the residues, and thus improving the fermentation effect.

[0053] Further, a plurality of rotating ratchet teeth 22 are rotatably mounted on the end face of the rotating shaft 8 inserted into the driven shaft 9 through a torsion spring. The inner wall of the driven shaft 9 is formed into a ratchet-shaped cavity 21 with a direction opposite to that of the rotating ratchet teeth 22. A plurality of stirring rods 10 distributed in a ring and with staggered heights are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the driven shaft 9.

[0054] According to the above embodiments, a driving method for driving the driven shaft 9 to rotate is provided. When the rotating shaft 8 rotates (specifically refer to Figure 8), at this time, the rotating shaft 8 drives the rotating ratchet 22 to rotate together. Due to the action of the torsion spring, the rotating ratchet 22 always maintains a tendency to rotate and expand outward along the installation point. When the end of the rotating ratchet 22 fits with the ratchet cavity 21 in the driven shaft 9, the friction force between the two gradually increases along the inner wall groove of the ratchet cavity 21, and after increasing to the maximum, it drops to the lowest. That is, when the friction force between the rotating ratchet 22 and the ratchet cavity 21 is greater than the median of the friction force change curve, it will drive the driven shaft 9 to rotate together, and when the friction force is less than the median of the friction force change curve, it will rotate alone. In this way, the rotating shaft 8 can drive the driven shaft 9 to rotate intermittently. When the upper oil layer and the middle water layer rotate at high speed and centrifugally together, the lower mixture can slowly rotate under the action of the stirring rod 10, increasing the residence time of the bubbles in the mixture and improving the oxygen distribution condition, so that the mixture can fully fuse with the water, mix the grease adhering to the surface of the residue into the water and be carried to the top oil layer by the bubbles, further improving the cleaning ability of the grease on the surface of the residue.

[0055] Further, a discharge port is provided on the outer bottom wall of the fermentation tank 1, and a sealing ring 3 is rotatably installed on the outer wall of the fermentation tank 1. A discharge pipe communicating with the discharge port is provided on the outer wall of the sealing ring 3, and a filter screen is provided at the discharge port.

[0056] According to the above embodiments, by rotatably installing the sealing ring 3 on the outer wall of the fermentation tank 1, since a discharge pipe communicating with the discharge port is provided on the outer wall of the sealing ring 3 and a filter screen is provided at the discharge port, the excess water during dilution can be discharged by rotating the sealing ring 3, thereby reducing the operation difficulty of the device.

[0057] Further, the top of the rotating disk 15 is higher than the inner bottom wall of the piston box 7, and soft sealing materials are provided on the four sides of the piston plate 13.

[0058] According to the above embodiments, since the top of the rotating disk 15 is higher than the inner bottom wall of the piston box 7 and soft sealing materials are provided on the four sides of the piston plate 13, the piston plate 13 can still maintain sealing when crossing the rotating disk 15, and at the same time, it can prevent the annular cavity where the rotating disk 15 is located from forming a gap with the inner bottom wall of the piston box 7, avoiding the oil remaining in the gap and the water flowing back into the fermentation tank 1, and improving the suction stability of the oil suction component.

[0059] Further, a plurality of groups of aeration pipes 12 and drainage rods 18 are provided and arranged alternately on the outer wall of the driven shaft 9, and two spiral rings 11 with opposite directions are fixedly installed at the end of the centrifugal rod 23.

[0060] According to the above embodiments, since the aeration pipes 12 and the drainage rods 18 are alternately distributed, when the air flow enters the bottom end of the fermentation tank 1 along the aeration pipes 12 to form bubbles, the spiral water flow discharged from the drainage rods 18 can increase the residence time of the bubbles in the fermentation tank 1, improve the adsorption ability of the bubbles to the grease, further reduce the grease residue in the mixture, thereby improving the fermentation effect. And when the water layer diffuses around under the action of the centrifugal rods 23 to form a conical liquid surface and squeezes the oil layer into the center of the vortex, at this time, the spiral ring 11 drives the central liquid to rise spirally, and the oil layer forms a bulging shape on the liquid surface, which further facilitates the absorption of the grease by the oil absorption ring 24.

[0061] An aerobic fermentation process for organic waste, including an aerobic fermentation device for organic waste, comprises the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: First, pour the kitchen waste into the fermentation tank 1. After adding an appropriate amount of water, fix the top cover 2 on the top end of the fermentation tank 1 through bolts. Subsequently, drive the rotating rod 26 by the motor to drive the rotating shaft 8 and the driven shaft 9 to rotate together, and cooperate with the stirring rod 10 to stir the raw materials. After stirring evenly, let it stand until the solution is divided into three layers.

[0063] Step 2: After the solution is layered, continue to drive the rotating shaft 8 and the centrifugal rods 23 to rotate, so that the upper oil layer and the middle water layer rotate centrifugally together until the water layer forms a conical semi-surrounding layer for the oil layer and squeezes the oil layer into the center of the vortex.

[0064] Step 3: At this time, the piston box 7 rotates and cooperates with the fixed ring 4 to make the sliding rod 14 drive the piston plate 13 to reciprocate in the piston box 7. Use the rotating disc 15 to make the spaces on both sides of the piston plate 13 communicate with the water delivery pipe 17 and the oil delivery pipe 25 unidirectionally respectively, so that the oil absorption and water supply are alternated and the volume remains the same to ensure that the liquid level height remains unchanged.

[0065] Step 4: At the same time, the driven shaft 9 drives the sliding plate 20 to reciprocate to aerate the bottom end of the fermentation tank 1. Use the adsorption force of the bubbles on the grease to make the grease on the surface of the food residue float up together with the bubbles and converge with the oil layer. Until the oil layer completely enters the empty box 6, let the solution stand and start to ferment.

[0066] Step 5: During the fermentation process, intermittently stir the fermentation tank 1 and introduce bubbles through the sliding plate 20 and the driven shaft 9, provide oxygen for fermentation and increase ventilation, and at the same time improve the distribution of the flora in the solution through stirring until the fermentation is completed.

[0067] The standard parts used in this embodiment can be directly purchased from the market. For the non-standard structural components recorded in the specification and drawings, they can also be directly processed without any doubt according to the existing technical knowledge. At the same time, the connection methods of each component adopt the mature conventional means in the existing technology, and the machines, parts and equipment all adopt the conventional models in the existing technology, so no specific description will be made here.

[0068] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An aerobic fermentation device for organic waste, comprising a fermentation tank (1), characterized in that: The top of the fermentation kettle (1) is fixedly connected to a top cover (2) by means of bolts; It also includes an oil extraction assembly, which is used to extract the upper layer of oil in the fermentation kettle (1); It also includes an aeration component, which is used to aerate the bottom of the fermentation tank (1), and the aerated bubbles will seep upward from the solid food waste and drive the oil to float up through the bubbles.

2. The organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil extraction assembly comprises a fixing ring (4) fixedly mounted on the top cover (2) via a bracket, and the fixing ring (4) is eccentrically arranged relative to the top cover (2). A rotating shaft (8) having one end penetrating into the fermentation kettle (1) and capable of rotation is mounted at the center of the top cover (2). A piston box (7) is fixedly mounted on the top of the rotating shaft (8). A sliding rod (14) penetrating two ends of the piston box (7) is slidably mounted in the piston box (7). Rollers (16) are rotatably mounted on both ends of the sliding rod (14). Both rollers (16) can contact or disengage with the inner wall of the fixing ring (4). A piston plate (13) slidably mounted in the piston box (7) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the sliding rod (14). An oil suction ring (24) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (8). The oil suction ring (24) is unidirectionally connected to the piston box (7) via an oil delivery pipe (25) buried in the rotating shaft (8). A plurality of centrifugal rods (23) are fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (8).

3. The organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: An annular cavity is formed in the rotating shaft (8), and a rotating disk (15) is rotatably mounted in the annular cavity. A driven shaft (9) which is plugged into and rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (8) is mounted at the bottom of the fermentation kettle (1). A water pipe (17) is buried in the driven shaft (9) and the rotating shaft (8). The water pipe (17) and the oil pipe (25) can be unidirectionally connected to the piston box (7) through the rotating disk (15). A drainage rod (18) which is connected to the water pipe (17) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the driven shaft (9), and the piston boxes (7) on both sides of the piston plate (13) are unidirectionally connected to an external water supply device and an external oil storage device, respectively.

4. The organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: A top box (5) located above the piston box (7) is also fixedly mounted on the top of the top cover (2), and two empty boxes (6) are arranged inside the top box (5). A rotating rod (26) is fixedly mounted on the top of the piston box (7), and the two empty boxes (6) are unidirectionally connected to the piston box (7) space on both sides of the piston plate (13) through pipelines buried in the rotating rod (26), one of the empty boxes (6) is connected to an external water supply device, and the other empty box (6) is connected to an external oil storage device.

5. The organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The aeration assembly comprises a bottom cavity (19) provided on the inner wall of the bottom end of the fermentation kettle (1); a sliding plate (20) is slidably mounted on the outer wall of one end of the driven shaft (9) that penetrates into the bottom cavity (19); the outer wall of the sliding plate (20) is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the bottom cavity (19) via a flat key; an arc groove consisting of two inclined grooves connected end to end is provided on the outer wall of the driven shaft (9); a convex block slidably mounted in the arc groove is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the sliding plate (20); an aeration pipe (12) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the driven shaft (9); the aeration pipe (12) is unidirectionally connected to the bottom cavity (19) above the sliding plate (20); and the outer wall of the bottom cavity (19) is provided with a through hole unidirectionally connected to the outside.

6. The organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end surface of the rotating shaft (8) inserted into the driven shaft (9) is rotatably mounted with a plurality of rotating ratchets (22) via a torsion spring, and the inner wall of the driven shaft (9) is provided with a ratchet-shaped cavity (21) in the opposite direction to the rotating ratchets (22), and the outer wall of the driven shaft (9) is fixedly mounted with a plurality of stirring rods (10) distributed in an annular shape and at different heights.

7. The organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer wall at the bottom end of the fermentation kettle (1) is provided with a discharge port, a closed ring (3) is rotatably mounted on the outer wall of the fermentation kettle (1), a discharge pipe capable of communicating with the discharge port is provided on the outer wall of the closed ring (3), and a filter screen is provided at the discharge port.

8. The organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top end of the rotating disk (15) is higher than the inner bottom wall of the piston box (7), and the four sides of the piston plate (13) are all made of soft sealing material.

9. The organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The aeration pipes (12) and the drainage rods (18) are provided in multiple groups and are alternately arranged on the outer wall of the driven shaft (9), and two groups of spiral rings (11) in opposite directions are fixedly mounted on the end of the centrifugal rod (23).

10. An organic waste aerobic fermentation process, comprising the organic waste aerobic fermentation equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: First, pour the kitchen waste into the fermentation kettle (1), add an appropriate amount of water, and then fix the top cover (2) to the top of the fermentation kettle (1) by bolts, then drive the rotating rod (26) by the motor to drive the rotating shaft (8) and the driven shaft (9) to rotate together, and cooperate with the stirring rod (10) to stir the raw materials. After stirring, let it stand until the solution is divided into three layers; Step 2: After the solution is separated into layers, the rotating shaft (8) and the centrifugal rod (23) are continuously driven to rotate, so that the upper layer of oil and the middle layer of water are centrifugally rotated together, until the water layer forms a conical semi-enclosing layer around the oil layer, squeezing the oil layer into the center of the vortex; Step 3: At this time, the piston box (7) rotates to cooperate with the fixed ring (4) so ​​that the sliding rod (14) drives the piston plate (13) to slide back and forth in the piston box (7), and the rotating disk (15) is used to make the spaces on both sides of the piston plate (13) unidirectionally connected to the water pipe (17) and the oil pipe (25), respectively, so that oil suction and water supply are alternately performed and the volume is kept consistent, so as to ensure that the liquid level height remains unchanged; Step 4: At the same time, the driven shaft (9) drives the sliding plate (20) to slide back and forth to aerate the bottom of the fermentation kettle (1), and the fat on the surface of the food residue floats up with the bubbles and converges with the oil layer by utilizing the adsorption force of the bubbles on the fat, until the oil layer completely enters the empty box (6), and the solution is left to ferment; Step 5: During the fermentation process, the sliding plate (20) and the driven shaft (9) are used to intermittently stir and introduce bubbles into the fermentation kettle (1), thereby providing oxygen for fermentation and increasing ventilation. At the same time, stirring is used to improve the distribution of bacterial flora in the solution until fermentation is completed.

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