Collaborative method and device for laser-assisted three-rotating-shaft six-linkage milling of blade disc type parts

Abstract

The invention discloses a collaborative method and device for laser-assisted three-rotating-shaft six-linkage milling of blade disc parts. According to the technical scheme, the overall layout of the machine tool is the overall layout of mature flat machine tool body and stand column movement, a movable column linear guide rail is provided with six sliding blocks, a sliding table moves left and right along a machine tool body (X axis), the stand column moves front and back along the sliding table (Z axis), a swing head moves up and down along the stand column (Y axis), and the swing head is installed on a sliding saddle at the horizontal angle of 45 degrees and can rotate around the A axis of the swing head. A rotary table B shaft is installed on the sliding table, and a workpiece shaft C shaft is vertically installed on the workpiece shaft. The double-beam collaborative laser auxiliary device adopts a symmetrical layout, positioning devices are mounted on two sides of a swinging head, and real-time dynamic compensation of a laser incident angle is realized by combining an electric push rod adjusting mechanism, so that a to-be-processed area can be fully covered by double-beam collaboration. The milling cutter has the advantages that the swinging head can rotate, so that transition is smoother when the milling cutter works, and meanwhile, the machining performance of blade disc type materials is improved under laser cooperative machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rough machining of blisk parts by numerically controlled machine tools, and specifically to a collaborative method and device for laser-assisted three-axis six-linkage milling of blisk parts. Background Technique

[0002] Blisk parts are key components in fields such as aerospace, energy, and transportation. As core functional components in the modern industrial field, blisk parts play an irreplaceable and important role in high-end equipment manufacturing fields such as aerospace, energy power, and transportation. These development trends have put forward higher requirements for the processing technology of blisk parts. Among them, the most widely used is the five-axis numerically controlled machine tool, which can achieve more complex working paths at multiple angles.

[0003] However, due to the relatively complex structure of blisk parts and the general use of composite materials or alloys as the material, it is difficult for general five-axis machine tools to perform comprehensive processing during the machining process, and a series of problems will also occur due to the difficult-to-machine characteristics of the material; for example: during the milling of blisks, the cutting tool will gradually lose its cutting ability due to wear, resulting in a decrease in machining accuracy; the vibration generated by the cutting tool during the cutting process will cause vibration marks on the machined surface, reducing the surface quality, and in severe cases, the cutting tool will break, affecting the normal progress of machining; therefore, adding an auxiliary device to the multi-axis device to machine blisks makes the machining easier and has achieved good results.

[0004] The present invention uses three-axis six-linkage and installs a laser-assisted device for machining to make the material easier to machine, greatly reduce the wear of the milling cutter to make its transition smoother, reduce the working area of the machining point, and reduce the requirements for the speed and acceleration of each axis; ultimately improve the machining adaptability of difficult-to-machine blisk parts and improve the machining efficiency and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to machine difficult-to-machine blisk parts using a rotatable swivel head plus a laser-assisted device to solve problems such as the difficult machinability of parts, severe tool wear, and low machining efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The overall layout of the device is the overall layout of a mature flat bed body with a moving column. The moving column linear guide is equipped with 6 sliders, so that the cutting spindle of the machine tool to the bed body has the highest stability and the best mechanical transmission. The slide table moves left and right along the bed body (X-axis), the column moves back and forth along the slide table (Z-axis), and the swing head moves up and down along the column (Y-axis). It is installed on the saddle at a horizontal 45°. The rotary table B-axis is installed on the slide table, and the workpiece axis C-axis is vertically installed on the workpiece axis; the laser auxiliary device adopts a bilateral symmetric layout and is installed on both sides of the swing head through a magnetic adsorption type quick positioning device. Combining with the electric push rod adjustment mechanism, it realizes real-time dynamic compensation of the laser incident angle, so that the laser accurately irradiates the area to be processed. Therefore, the double-beam cooperation can achieve full coverage of the area to be processed and complete the purpose of making the parts easy to process under the laser cooperation.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The swing head has a rotation function and can cooperate with the workpiece turntable. This design makes the movement of the milling cutter more smooth during the machining transition stage, effectively avoiding jamming and impact, and thus significantly improving the continuity and stability of machining; in the laser-assisted machining mode, the processing problem of disk-like materials is effectively solved. This greatly reduces the wear degree of the tool during the machining process, not only prolongs the service life of the tool, but also reduces the downtime caused by frequent tool replacement. At the same time, this processing method reduces the requirements for the speed and acceleration of each axis, effectively reduces the energy consumption of the equipment, and further improves the overall performance of the equipment. Description of the Drawings

[0008] Figure 1 It is the overall structure diagram of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 2 It is the left view of the overall device.

[0010] Figure 3 It is the top view of the overall device.

[0011] Figure 4 It is the partial enlarged view at the swing head.

[0012] Figure 5 It is the structure diagram of the laser auxiliary device.

[0013] In the figure, 1 is the swing head, 2 is the bed body column, 3 is the laser auxiliary device, 4 is the bed body skeleton, 5 is the transverse slide rail, 6 is the workpiece table, 7 is the slide table, 8 is the bed body base, 9 is the laser support base, 10 is the milling cutter, 11 is the laser emitter support, 12 is the laser emitter, 13 is the electric push rod, 14 is the servo motor, and 15 is the workpiece rotating disk. Detailed Implementation Manner

[0014] Such as Figure 1, as shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4, a collaborative device for laser-assisted three-rotary-axis six-linkage milling of blisk parts, characterized in that: the machine tool rotary swivel head (1) is designed with a 45° horizontal inclination angle, so that when the blisk machining center is equipped with a longer tool, the radial distance between the tool and the rotation center of the swivel head can be significantly reduced, thereby effectively reducing the performance requirements of RTCP (Rotating Tool Center Point) compensation for the linear axis movement speed and acceleration; the motion mechanism of the device includes: the Y-axis movement is realized by the column (2) moving along the slide, and the Z-axis movement is driven by the machine bed (4); the rotary swivel head (1) rotates around the A axis, and the rotation range is ±180°. During the impeller machining process, the angle can be adjusted in real time according to the machining path to ensure smooth transition of the milling cutter posture and improve the smoothness and accuracy of complex surface machining.

[0015] In this design: the machine tool swivel head (1) is attached with a self-rotating spindle and the cooperative laser emission device (3) is fixed on both sides. The self-rotation function of the swivel head makes the transition more smooth when the milling cutter processes the blisk surface, and the automatically adjustable lasers on both sides can adjust the laser incident angle according to the machining requirements to accurately irradiate the machining part, effectively improving the machinability of blisk parts; the support table (15) is the placement place of the blisk and can rotate around the C axis, and the workpiece table (6) is used to support the blisk and adjust the X-axis movement of the blisk through the horizontal slide (7), and the rotary table (6) can rotate around the B axis; when the blisk machining center is equipped with a longer tool, the radial distance between the tool and the rotation center of the swivel head can be significantly reduced.

[0016] The machine tool swivel head has a third rotary axis. The double-beam cooperative laser device installed on both sides of the swivel head is bolted through the base (9) to achieve rigid connection with the swivel head and can rotate synchronously with the swivel head; the complexity of the blisk surface leads to multi-angle adjustment of the milling cutter. The use of double-beam lasers can ensure full coverage of complex path areas. No matter how the milling cutter moves, there is always a beam of laser that can accurately irradiate the area to be machined, effectively improving the machining efficiency and quality.

[0017] The double-beam cooperative lasers on both sides of the swivel head integrate an automatic adjustment device, which can achieve an accurate preheating function. The main structure of the cooperative laser device uses a support frame (11) to firmly support the laser emitter and is equipped with an electric push rod device (13) at the end; the telescopic time of the push rod is preset through a built-in timer, and this time precisely matches the preheating requirements of the laser in the target area. When the preset time is reached, the electric push rod runs in the reverse direction automatically to realize dynamic fine adjustment of the laser angle. The preheating can reach a range angle of 15° with the milling cutter as the horizontal angle; combined with the cooperative working mode of the double beams, it finally realizes full coverage of the entire area to be machined, effectively improving the machining quality and efficiency.

[0018] The collaborative method for laser-assisted three-rotary-axis six-linkage milling of blisk parts is characterized by including: the swing head with dual-beam lasers can rotate around the A axis and adjust the milling cutter angle and laser incident angle, and the workpiece table (6) serves as the second rotary axis and can perform multi-angle rotation adjustment in the space coordinate system to accurately position the workpiece attitude; while the C axis serves as the first rotary axis and can realize the continuous rotation of the workpiece and form a linkage mechanism with the A and B axes; this linkage creates a blind-zone-free machining condition for the milling cutter and the dual-beam lasers by real-time matching of the normal vector of the blade surface.

[0019] The method for calculating the avoidance interference angle in step 3 includes: establishing a milling process coordinate system with the workpiece center as the coordinate origin and the respective linear feed directions as the X, Y, and Z axes; among them, the position of the milling cutter in the coordinate system is constantly changing. When the laser is not adjusted, the relative position between the laser and the milling cutter remains unchanged. When the servo motor adjusts the laser incident angle, the spatial angle between the two will change, so as to solve the allowable range of the angle to avoid interference between the laser and the tool.

[0020] The specific method is: according to the set machining coordinate system, the machine tool coordinate system (world coordinate system) {W}: fixed reference system; the tool coordinate system {T}: attached to the end of the milling cutter; the laser head coordinate system {L}: attached to the end of the laser head; then set the direction vector of the milling cutter axis as Z T , the rotation angle of the swing head's own rotation axis A axis is α, then Z T The direction in the machine tool coordinate system is: Similarly, the direction vector of the laser head axis Z L can also be obtained; let the included angle between the two be θ, and using the dot product formula, it can be obtained that: The included angle constraint condition is θ ∈ [θ min , θ max , then it is necessary to satisfy: cosθmax ≤ Z T ·Z L ≤ cosθmin where θ = arccos(Z T ·Z L ), so that the included angle between the laser head and the milling cutter always satisfies the constraint, thereby achieving both the purpose of non-interference between the laser and the milling cutter and the purpose of machining preheating.

[0021] As described above, it is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, rather than any form of limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been described above with the preferred embodiment, this example is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art, within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes by using the technical content disclosed above. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, and according to the technical essence of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made to the above embodiments within the spirit and principle of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser-assisted three-rotation axis six-linkage milling device for blade disk parts, characterized in that: The invention comprises a self-rotating swing head (1) with laser auxiliary devices (3) attached on both sides; the machine tool swing head (1) is attached with a self-rotating spindle and the two sides are fixed with coordinated laser emitting devices (3); the swing head's own rotation function makes the transition smoother when the milling cutter processes the surface of the blade disk, and the automatically adjustable lasers on both sides can adjust the laser incident angle according to the processing requirements, accurately irradiate the processing part, and effectively improve the machinability of blade disk parts; the support table (15) is a place where the blade disk is placed and can rotate around the C axis, the workpiece table (6) is used to support the blade disk and adjust the X-axis movement of the blade disk through the horizontal slide table (7), and the rotary table (6) can rotate around the B axis; when the blade disk processing center is equipped with a longer tool, the radial distance between the tool and the swing head rotation center can be significantly reduced.

2. According to claim 1, a laser-assisted three-rotation axis six-linkage milling device for blade disk parts is characterized by: The machine tool swing head has a third rotation axis. The dual-beam cooperative laser device installed on both sides of the swing head is bolted through a base (9) to achieve a rigid connection with the swing head and can rotate synchronously with the swing head. The complexity of the blade disk surface leads to multi-angle adjustment of the milling cutter. The use of dual-beam lasers can ensure full coverage of complex path areas. No matter what the direction of the milling cutter is, there is always a beam of laser that can accurately irradiate the area to be processed, effectively improving the processing efficiency and quality.

3. The laser-assisted three-rotation-axis six-linkage milling device for blade disk parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-beam cooperative lasers on both sides of the swing head are integrated with an automatic adjustment device to achieve a precise preheating function. The main structure of the cooperative laser device uses a support frame (11) to firmly support the laser transmitter, and is equipped with an electric push rod device (13) at the end; The push rod extension time is preset by the built-in timer, and the time accurately matches the preheating requirements of the laser in the target area. When the preset time is reached, the electric push rod automatically runs in the reverse direction to achieve dynamic fine-tuning of the laser angle. The horizontal angle adjustment with the milling cutter can achieve 15° range of angle preheating; With the collaborative working mode of dual beams, all-round coverage of the entire area to be processed can be achieved, effectively improving processing quality and efficiency.

4. A collaborative method for laser-assisted three-rotation axis six-link milling of blade disk parts, characterized in that: The swing head with dual-beam laser can rotate around the A-axis and adjust the milling cutter angle and laser incident angle. The workpiece table (6) as the second rotation axis can perform multi-angle rotation adjustment in the spatial coordinate system to accurately locate the workpiece posture; and the C-axis as the first rotation axis can realize continuous rotation of the workpiece and form a linkage mechanism with the A and B axes; this linkage creates blind-spot-free processing conditions for the milling cutter and the dual-beam laser by real-time matching of the blade surface normal vector.

5. A collaborative method for laser-assisted three-rotation axis six-link milling of blade disk parts, characterized in that: The coordinate system of the milling process is established with the center of the workpiece as the coordinate origin and each linear feed direction as the X, Y, and Z axes; the position of the milling cutter in the coordinate system is constantly changing. When the laser is not adjusted, the relative position of the laser and the milling cutter remains unchanged. The angle will be slightly adjusted during the range preheating of the dual-beam laser. At the same time, in order to avoid the milling cutter or workbench interfering with the laser incident, the following method is used to calculate the spatial angle range between the laser and the milling cutter: according to the already set processing coordinate system setting, the machine tool coordinate system (world coordinate system) {W}: fixed reference system; tool coordinate system {T}: attached to the end of the milling cutter; laser head coordinate system {L}: attached to the end of the laser head; then set the milling cutter axis direction vector as Z T , the rotation angle of the swing head's own rotation axis A is α, then Z T The directions in the machine tool coordinate system are: Similarly, the laser head axis direction vector Z can be calculated L ; Assuming the angle between the two is θ, the dot product formula can be used to obtain: The angle constraint is θ∈[θ min ,θ max ], then it needs to meet the following requirements: cosθmax≤Z T ·WITH L ≤cosθmin where θ = arccos(Z T ·Z L ), so that the angle between the laser head and the milling cutter always meets the constraint, thereby achieving the purpose of non-interference between the laser and the milling cutter and preheating of the processing.

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