PCD cutter and layered welding process

Abstract

The invention discloses a PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) cutter and a layered welding process, and relates to the technical field of cutter welding, the laser welding process of the PCD cutter is essentially characterized in that brazing filler metal is heated by high heat energy of a high-energy laser beam, and the welding process is completed by attaching a PCD composite sheet. In order to avoid the problem that high heat energy of a high-energy laser beam causes graphitization on the PCD clad sheet, the whole welding tool is optimized, and the welding tool is essentially characterized in that firstly, the installation mode of the PCD clad sheet relative to a tool base body is changed, so that the heating process of the laser beam cannot directly affect the PCD clad sheet, only the hot melting temperature of a brazing filler metal layer is maintained, and the welding speed of the PCD clad sheet is increased; and on the basis, a rotating mode of the PCD composite sheet relative to the cutter base body is provided, so that the PCD composite sheet is fully attached to the cutter base body, the welding quality is analyzed according to an electrical sensing mode, and the key purpose is that the welding quality of the PCD cutter is improved by maintaining the attaching mode of the PCD composite sheet and the cutter base body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tool welding, and particularly relates to a PCD tool and a layered welding process. Background Art

[0002] A PCD tool is a superhard tool with a polycrystalline diamond cutting edge. Its structure is basically similar to that of a conventional cutting tool. The difference is that the processed PCD composite sheet is integrated with the conventional tool by welding. Reference can be made to the relevant content involved in the publication numbers CN116117334A and CN104440004A.

[0003] The welding method is mainly the laser welding method. Reference can be made to the relevant content in the publication number CN108213735A. By focusing a high-energy laser beam on the bonding surface (brazing filler metal) between the PCD composite sheet and the tool body, the brazing filler metal is melted and fused instantaneously at a high temperature (up to thousands of degrees Celsius). After cooling, a bonded body is formed between the PCD composite sheet and the tool body. It should be noted that during the welding process, it is necessary to avoid the problem of graphitization caused by the laser beam / spot affecting the PCD composite sheet, and it is also necessary to ensure that the brazing filler metal is fully heated and melted. Generally speaking, the laser beam has high energy, high heat, and a high cooling difference effect. The thermal expansion mismatch between the brazing filler metal and the substrate intensifies the stress. The molten pool is deep and narrow and cools quickly, making it difficult for gas to escape, and there are easily residual pores or unfused areas in the weld. In this process, it should be especially noted that because the degree of fitting between the PCD composite sheet and the tool will also intensify the influence caused by the above temperature, it will also affect the stability after welding. For this reason, the present application proposes a solution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a PCD tool and a layered welding process, and to explain the laser welding forming process of the PCD tool. Considering the energy characteristics of the laser beam, in the specific welding process, it may indirectly affect the PCD composite sheet and cause graphitization problems, and it will also affect the stability and tool quality after welding due to the clamping force during the welding process.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A layered welding process for a PCD tool is applied in the welding process of the PCD tool and uses a tooling assembly and a high-energy laser assembly. The tooling assembly includes a tooling table and a coupling head. The center point position of the tooling table is set as the tool body placement position, and multiple movable arc heads and hollow arc strips are arranged at the peripheral position of the tooling table corresponding to the tool body placement position. The layered welding process includes a pre-installation stage, a high-energy heat melting stage, and a global patch stage;

[0006] In the preloading stage, first place the PCD composite sheet on the hollow arc strip, install the tool body at the tool body placement position, and finally coat the tool body with a solder layer corresponding to the PCD composite sheet;

[0007] In the high-energy heat melting stage, directly heat the solder layer through the high-energy laser assembly;

[0008] In the global chip placement stage, the tool body and the movable arc head rotate synchronously so that the PCD composite sheet is in full contact with the solder layer, and the rotation directions of the tool body and the movable arc head are opposite.

[0009] Further set as: The tooling table is installed on the coupling head, a driving motor is installed at the center point position inside the coupling head, and a mounting shaft corresponding to the tool body is installed at the output end position of the driving motor.

[0010] Further set as: A plurality of sliders corresponding to the hollow arc strips are arranged on the tooling table, and a linear driving structure corresponding to the hollow arc strips is installed on the tooling table. The sliders are slidably connected to the tooling table along the diameter direction of the corresponding tool body through the linear driving structure, and the hollow arc strips are installed on the sliders in a vertical state.

[0011] Further set as: A co-acting gear disc is rotatably installed on the outer wall position of the lower side of the tooling table, and a commutation gear set is arranged between the mounting shaft and the co-acting gear disc.

[0012] Further set as: An arc-shaped slide is arranged in the internal position of the co-acting gear disc corresponding to the movable arc head, and a mounting column corresponding to the movable arc head is installed on the arc-shaped slide in a vertical state.

[0013] Further set as: The movable arc head is slidably connected to the co-acting gear disc along the center point position of the tooling table, and an electrical sensing structure is installed in the internal positions of the co-acting gear disc corresponding to both ends of the movable arc head.

[0014] Further set as: The commutation gear set includes a driving gear and an intermediate gear arranged on the mounting shaft. The driving gear and the intermediate gear are externally meshed. The intermediate gear is located between the inner wall of the co-acting gear disc and the driving gear, and the intermediate gear is rotatably connected to the tooling table and internally meshed with the inner wall of the co-acting gear disc.

[0015] Further set as: An oval cavity is opened inside the hollow arc strip, and the upper part of the movable arc head is arranged in a forward extension shape along the direction close to the hollow arc strip.

[0016] Further set as: A PCD tool includes a tool body and a PCD composite sheet, and the PCD composite sheet is installed on the tool body through a solder layer.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. Regarding the processing process of PCD tools, based on the conventional laser welding method, its essence is to heat the solder layer with the high thermal energy of a high-energy laser beam. After contacting the PCD composite sheet and waiting for the solder layer to cool, the PCD composite sheet and the tool substrate form an integral body. And improvements are made to the overall welding process. First, the installation method of the PCD composite sheet relative to the tool substrate is changed, and there will be no obvious contact with the PCD composite sheet during the heating process of the high-energy laser beam. The purpose is to ensure that the heating process of the laser beam will not directly affect the PCD composite sheet, only maintaining the melting temperature of the solder layer and avoiding problems such as graphitization of the PCD composite sheet caused by the heat generated by the laser beam.

[0019] 2. Based on the above content, regarding the installation process of the tool substrate, a global fitting process of rotating and approaching in the same direction is proposed. Its essence is to ensure that the solder layer on the tool substrate and the PCD composite sheet on the hollow arc strip approach simultaneously. The purpose of this process is to ensure that the PCD composite sheet is fully attached to the tool substrate, and to utilize the sliding process generated between the movable arc head and the arc-shaped slide relative to the relevant data generated by the electrical sensing structure, specifically manifested as the sliding direction, sliding speed, and sliding stroke of the arc-shaped slide, so as to sense the fitting degree of the PCD composite sheet relative to the tool substrate and ensure the forming quality of the overall PCD tool. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a PCD tool proposed by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a tooling table in the layered welding process of a PCD tool proposed by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a sectional view of the tooling table;

[0024] Figure 4 is this Figure 3 partial split view;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a co-acting gear disk in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 In the present invention Figure 6 is a partial sectional view;

[0027] Figure 7 is Figure 2 the top view of.

[0028] In the figure: 1, tool substrate; 2, PCD composite sheet; 3, tooling table; 4, slider; 5, movable arc head; 6, coupling head; 7, hollow arc bar; 8, electrical sensing structure; 9, drive motor; 10, cooperating gear disk; 11, linear drive structure; 12, reversing gear set; 13, mounting post; 14, arc-shaped sliding table. Specific embodiments

[0029] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1: The laser welding forming process of the PCD tool is described. Considering the energy characteristics of the laser beam, in the specific welding process, it may indirectly affect the PCD composite sheet and cause graphitization problems, and it will also affect the stability and tool quality after welding due to the clamping force during the welding process. For this, the following technical solutions are proposed:

[0031] Referring to Figures 1 - 7 , a layered welding process for a PCD tool in this embodiment is applied in the welding process of the PCD tool and uses a tooling assembly and a high-energy laser assembly. The tooling assembly includes a tooling table 3 and a coupling head 6. The center point position of the tooling table 3 is set as the tool substrate placement position, and a plurality of movable arc heads 5 and hollow arc bars 7 are arranged at the peripheral position of the tooling table 3 corresponding to the tool substrate placement position. The layered welding process includes a pre-installation stage, a high-energy heat melting stage, and a global patch stage;

[0032] In the pre-installation stage, first place the PCD composite sheet on the hollow arc bar 7, install the tool substrate at the tool substrate placement position, and finally coat a brazing layer corresponding to the PCD composite sheet on the tool substrate;

[0033] In the high-energy heat melting stage, directly heat the brazing layer through the high-energy laser assembly;

[0034] During the global chip mounting stage, the tool substrate and the movable arc head 5 rotate synchronously so that the PCD composite sheet is in full contact with the solder layer, and the rotation directions of the tool substrate and the movable arc head 5 are opposite. A PCD tool includes a tool substrate 1 and a PCD composite sheet 2, and the PCD composite sheet 2 is mounted on the tool substrate 1 through a solder layer.

[0035] Basic principle: Refer to Figure 1 A simple description of the PCD tool is as follows. Its essence is that the tool substrate 1 is the main part, and the PCD composite sheet 2 is installed at its designated position. The present invention does not elaborate on the types or specifications of the tool substrate 1 and the PCD composite sheet 2. Regarding the processing process of the PCD tool, the present invention specifically takes the most widely used laser welding technology as an example and briefly explains the principle of the PCD laser welding technology: Using a focused laser beam with a high energy density (usually reaching 10 6 -10¹² W / cm²) as the heat source, through the conversion of light energy into heat energy, the materials in the welding area are rapidly heated to the molten state 24. In the welding of the PCD tool, the laser acts preferentially on the hard alloy substrate or the solder interface, avoiding direct irradiation of the PCD layer, thereby protecting its thermal stability. It can be understood that: in the specific welding process, if the laser directly irradiates the PCD composite sheet 2, it will directly damage the PCD composite sheet 2. Therefore, the present invention proposes a technical improvement regarding layered welding:

[0036] Refer to Figure 7 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the PCD composite sheet 2 is not directly placed on the tool substrate 1 but directly placed on the mounting table 7. Secondly, a solder layer corresponding to the PCD composite sheet 2 is coated at the corresponding position on the tool substrate 1. Then, at the beginning of welding, the high-energy laser assembly directly heats the position of the solder layer. The relevant structure of the high-energy laser assembly is not described in the present invention. The overall tooling table 3 is installed on the five-axis motion structure through the coupling head 6, and its purpose is to cooperate with the heating process of the high-energy laser beam. After each solder layer is heated and melted by the laser, first, the tool substrate 1 rotates directionally under the action of the drive motor 9. In essence, the melted solder layer is gradually brought closer to the PCD composite sheet 2 so that the PCD composite sheet 2 is completely attached to the solder layer.

[0037] Embodiment 2: Supplementary description is made on the pre-installation stage and the global chip mounting stage in Embodiment 1:

[0038] The tooling table 3 is installed on the coupling head 6. A driving motor 9 is installed at the center point inside the coupling head 6. An installation shaft corresponding to the tool substrate is installed at the output end of the driving motor 9. A plurality of sliders 4 corresponding to the hollow arc strips 7 are arranged on the tooling table 3. And a linear driving structure 11 corresponding to the hollow arc strips 7 is installed on the tooling table 3. The slider 4 is slidably connected to the tooling table 3 along the diameter direction of the corresponding tool substrate through the linear driving structure 11. The hollow arc strip 7 is installed on the slider 4 in a vertical state. A cooperating gear disk 10 is rotatably installed at the outer wall position on the lower side of the tooling table 3. A reversing gear set 12 is arranged between the installation shaft and the cooperating gear disk 10. An arc-shaped slide table 14 is arranged at the inner position of the cooperating gear disk 10 corresponding to the movable arc head 5. An installation column 13 corresponding to the movable arc head 5 is installed on the arc-shaped slide table 14 in a vertical state.

[0039] Scheme description: Although the structure of the tool substrate 1 is not limited in the present invention, it should be noted that there may be an interference problem between the PCD composite sheet 2 and the tool substrate 1. For this, the present invention adds a slider 4 corresponding to the hollow arc strip 7 to the tooling table 3. The purpose is to ensure that the hollow arc strip 7 can only slide along the diameter direction of the tool substrate 1. Thus, during the pre-installation stage, it is necessary to drive the slider 4 to move in a fixed direction through the linear driving structure 11 to ensure that the PCD composite sheet 2 installed on the hollow arc strip 7 is far away from the tool substrate 1. Therefore, the heating process of the solder layer by the high-energy laser beam will never interfere with the PCD composite sheet. On the contrary, when it is necessary to attach the PCD composite sheet 2 to the tool substrate 1, the slider 4 moves in the reverse direction to ensure that the PCD composite sheet 2 moves to the corresponding position.

[0040] In the global chip attachment stage, essentially, the driving motor 9 drives the tool substrate to rotate in a fixed direction. Thus, it can be understood that: the molten solder layer contacts the PCD composite sheet 2. In this process, further refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 for description. Essentially, the driving is carried out by the driving gear on the driving motor 9. And the reversing gear set 12 in the present invention is mainly driven by the intermediate gear for reversing. For example, if the driving gear rotates clockwise, then the intermediate gear rotates counterclockwise. And according to the internal meshing principle, the cooperating gear disk 10 also rotates counterclockwise. Each movable arc head 5 rotates counterclockwise under the action of the cooperating gear disk 10. Thus, it can be directly understood that: the PCD composite sheet 2 and the solder layer on the tool substrate 1 approach each other simultaneously.

[0041] Embodiment 3: Further supplementary description for the global chip attachment stage:

[0042] The movable arc head 5 is slidably connected to the center point position of the tooling table 3 in the co-acting gear disk 10. Electric sensing structures 8 are installed at the inner positions corresponding to both ends of the movable arc head 5 in the co-acting gear disk 10. The reversing gear set 12 includes a driving gear and an intermediate gear arranged on the mounting shaft. The driving gear and the intermediate gear are externally meshed. The intermediate gear is located at the middle position between the inner wall of the co-acting gear disk 10 and the driving gear, and the intermediate gear is rotatably connected to the tooling table 3. The intermediate gear is internally meshed with the inner wall of the co-acting gear disk 10. An elliptical cavity is formed inside the hollow arc bar 7, and the upper part of the movable arc head 5 is arranged in a forward-extending shape along the direction close to the hollow arc bar 7.

[0043] Solution description: Based on the technical content in Embodiment 2, the PCD composite sheet 2 can be installed on the hollow arc bar 7 in a temporary fixing manner. In essence, it only needs to maintain the PCD composite sheet 2 staying on the hollow arc bar 7 for a short time. Eventually, it still needs to be welded to the tool substrate 1 by the solder layer. This part is not introduced as a key point in this embodiment.

[0044] It should be noted that: Referring to Figure 5 the structural characteristics of the hollow arc bar 7 in , since an elliptical cavity is formed at its inner position, the hollow arc bar 7 can undergo a small amount of bending. Specifically, the movable arc head 5 drives the hollow arc bar 7 to undergo a small amount of bending. The following supplementary description is made for this:

[0045] S1: In essence, the hollow arc bar 7 only serves as a temporary installation structure for the PCD composite sheet 2, and the hollow arc bar 7 does not rotate. Therefore, when the tool substrate 1 and the movable arc head 5 rotate in the reverse direction, the position of the hollow arc bar 7 does not change. Instead, the tool substrate 1 and the movable arc head 5 move closer to the hollow arc bar 7 simultaneously. Only after the tool substrate 1 and the movable arc head 5 are completely close to the hollow arc bar 7 can it be ensured that the PCD composite sheet 2 is completely fitted in the solder layer.

[0046] S2: Referring to Figure 6Description: The movable arc head 5 is mainly installed through the installation column 13, and the installation column 13 is connected through the arc-shaped sliding table 14. The arc-shaped sliding table 14 slides in the arc direction in the cooperating gear disk 10. Thus, an improvement is made with reference to S1: If the movable arc head 5 rotates counterclockwise and before the movable arc head 5 touches the hollow arc strip 7, the arc-shaped sliding table 14 does not have an obvious sliding process or has a small sliding process in the cooperating gear disk 10 until the arc-shaped sliding table 14 touches the hollow arc strip 7, and then the arc-shaped sliding table 14 has a relatively large sliding process. For this, the electrical sensing structure 8 can be used to sense the sliding direction, sliding speed, and sliding stroke during the sliding process of the arc-shaped sliding table 14 in real time. It should be simply noted that since the overall laser welding process may need to be carried out in a vacuum environment, in this invention, electricity is mainly used as the detection means. The essence of the electrical sensing structure 8 is a resistive sensing structure. The main structure in the electrical sensing structure 8 is the arc-shaped resistance rod, and the arc-shaped sliding table 14 is also conductive and slides freely on the arc-shaped resistance rod, so as to use the resistive method to realize the sensing process of the sliding direction, sliding speed, and sliding stroke during the sliding process of the arc-shaped sliding table 14;

[0047] S3: What is supplemented and explained for S2 is that since the setting position of the hollow arc strip 7 relative to the tool substrate is in a relatively fixed state, the maximum rotation angle of the tool substrate 1 can be directly grasped. Theoretically, the rotation angles of the movable arc table 5 and the tool substrate 1 are the same. However, because the arc-shaped sliding table 14 has an arc-shaped sliding process in the cooperating gear disk 10, the movable arc table 5 will further slide. During this process, the electrical sensing structure 8 senses the sliding direction, sliding speed, and sliding stroke of the arc-shaped sliding table 14 in real time, and after analysis, the fitting degree between the PCD composite sheet 2 and the tool substrate 1 is obtained. This part requires a specific analysis system and will not be specifically introduced in this invention. What is simply introduced is that after the PCD composite sheet 2 and the tool substrate 1 are in full contact, the sliding speed and sliding direction of the arc-shaped sliding table 14 tend to be relatively stable. Specifically, because when the PCD composite sheet 2 and the tool substrate 1 are not fully in contact, the sliding speed of the arc-shaped sliding table 14 has obvious fluctuations.

[0048] In summary: The laser welding process of PCD tools essentially heats the filler metal with the high thermal energy of a high-energy laser beam and completes the welding process by fitting the PCD composite sheet. To avoid problems such as graphitization of the PCD composite sheet caused by the high thermal energy of the high-energy laser beam, the present invention optimizes the overall welding tooling. Its essence is: First, it changes the installation method of the PCD composite sheet relative to the tool substrate, so that the heating process of the laser beam does not directly affect the PCD composite sheet, only maintaining the melting temperature of the filler metal layer. Based on this, the rotation method of the PCD composite sheet relative to the tool substrate is proposed. The purpose is to ensure that the PCD composite sheet is fully attached to the tool substrate and analyze the welding quality according to the electrical sensing method. The key purpose is to improve the welding quality of PCD tools by maintaining their fitting method.

[0049] The above content is only an example and illustration of the structure of the present invention. Those skilled in the art of this technology can make various modifications, supplements, or use similar methods to replace the specific embodiments described, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined by this claim book, they should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0050] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to terms such as "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0051] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor limit the present invention to only the specific implementation manners. Obviously, according to the content of this specification, many modifications and changes can be made. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principle and practical application of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art of this technology can understand and utilize the present invention well. The present invention is only limited by the claim book and its full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A layered welding process for PCD tools, which is applied in the welding process of PCD tools and uses a tooling assembly and a high-energy laser assembly, and is characterized in that: The tooling assembly comprises a tooling table (3) and a coupling head (6); the center point of the tooling table (3) is set as a tool base placement position, and the tooling table (3) is provided with a plurality of movable arc heads (5) and hollow arc strips (7) at peripheral positions corresponding to the tool base placement position; the layered welding process comprises a pre-installation stage, a high-energy hot melt stage and a global patch stage; In the pre-installation stage, a PCD composite sheet is first placed on the hollow arc strip (7), and a tool base is installed on the tool base placement position, and finally a brazing material layer corresponding to the PCD composite sheet is coated on the tool base; The solder layer is directly heated by a high-energy laser assembly during the high-energy hot melting stage; In the global patch stage, the tool base and the movable arc head (5) rotate synchronously so that the PCD composite sheet is in full contact with the brazing material layer, and the tool base and the movable arc head (5) rotate in opposite directions.

2. A layered welding process for a PCD tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tooling table (3) is mounted on a coupling head (6), a driving motor (9) is mounted at a central point inside the coupling head (6), and a mounting shaft corresponding to a tool base is mounted at an output end of the driving motor (9).

3. A layered welding process for a PCD tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tooling table (3) is provided with a plurality of slide blocks (4) corresponding to the hollow arc strips (7), and a linear drive structure (11) corresponding to the hollow arc strips (7) is installed on the tooling table (3); the slide blocks (4) are slidably connected to the tooling table (3) along the diameter direction of the corresponding tool base through the linear drive structure (11); and the hollow arc strips (7) are installed on the slide blocks (4) in a vertical state.

4. A layered welding process for a PCD tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: A cooperating gear plate (10) is rotatably mounted on the lower outer wall of the tooling table (3), and a reversing gear set (12) is provided between the mounting shaft and the cooperating gear plate (10).

5. A layered welding process for a PCD tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: An arc-shaped slide table (14) is arranged in an internal position of the cooperative gear plate (10) corresponding to the movable arc head (5), and a mounting column (13) corresponding to the movable arc head (5) is mounted on the arc-shaped slide table (14) in a vertical state.

6. A layered welding process for a PCD tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The movable arc head (5) is slidably connected in the cooperative gear plate (10) along the center point of the workbench (3), and the cooperative gear plate (10) is provided with an electrical sensing structure (8) at the internal position corresponding to the two end positions of the movable arc head (5).

7. A layered welding process for a PCD tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The reversing gear set (12) comprises a driving gear and a transfer gear arranged on a mounting shaft, the driving gear and the transfer gear are externally meshed, the transfer gear is located between the inner wall of the cooperating gear plate (10) and the driving gear, the transfer gear is rotationally connected to the workbench (3), and the transfer gear and the inner wall of the cooperating gear plate (10) are internally meshed.

8. The layered welding process of a PCD tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: An elliptical cavity is provided inside the hollow arc strip (7), and the upper end portion of the movable arc head (5) is arranged in a forward extension shape in a direction close to the hollow arc strip (7).

9. A PCD tool, characterized in that: A PCD tool is prepared by a layered welding process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a tool substrate (1) and a PCD composite sheet (2), wherein the PCD composite sheet (2) is mounted on the tool substrate (1) via a brazing material layer.

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