A method for electrolytic aluminum smelting

Abstract

A method for electrolytic aluminum smelting, which relates to the technical field of electrolytic aluminum, includes installing sensors, collecting data, establishing a database, calculating the alumina concentration and shortage amount, and adding alumina; by installing conductivity, density, and temperature sensors at different positions of the electrolytic cell, collecting data regularly and transmitting it to the data acquisition module, and storing it in the database after processing; using a specific formula to calculate the alumina concentration and shortage amount, and then the crust-breaking and feeding device replenishes the shortage amount into the electrolytic cell; the crust-breaking and feeding device is composed of a frame, a lifting device, a crust-breaking and drilling device, a screw feeder, etc., which can accurately drill holes, hammer to ensure the quality of the opening, and quantitatively feed alumina; its crust-breaking and drilling device includes a motor, a drill pipe, a drill bit, etc., and the hammering mechanism can realize the hammering action to clean the adhesion on the drill bit; the present invention can accurately add alumina, ensure the stable supply of raw materials for electrolytic aluminum smelting, and the crust-breaking and feeding device can drill holes and feed alumina.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic aluminum, and in particular to a method for smelting electrolytic aluminum. Background Art

[0002] As a key link in the aluminum industry, the efficiency and accuracy of the smelting process in electrolytic aluminum production have a crucial impact on the economic benefits and resource utilization level of the entire industry. In the traditional electrolytic aluminum smelting process, the precise control of alumina concentration has always been a difficult problem.

[0003] In the past, the monitoring of alumina concentration mostly relied on laboratory analysis. Although methods such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry are accurate, the sampling, sample delivery, and analysis processes are cumbersome, with a long delay, and cannot reflect the dynamic changes of alumina concentration in the electrolytic cell in real time. This makes it difficult for production personnel to adjust the feeding in a timely manner according to the concentration, affecting the production efficiency and quality stability of electrolytic aluminum, and easily resulting in situations of over-adding or under-adding alumina, thereby causing energy waste, cost increase, and uneven quality of aluminum products.

[0004] At the same time, in the alumina addition link, traditional crust-breaking feeding devices also have many limitations. Some devices have low crust-breaking efficiency and poor hole-opening quality, affecting the subsequent alumina input effect; the feeding accuracy is insufficient, and it cannot accurately supplement materials according to the real-time demand of the electrolytic cell, further exacerbating the fluctuation of alumina concentration; there are also some devices that frequently malfunction during operation, are prone to blockage, have high maintenance costs, and frequent shutdowns for maintenance seriously affect the continuity of electrolytic aluminum production.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for smelting electrolytic aluminum that can accurately monitor the alumina concentration in the electrolytic cell in real time, accurately control the alumina addition amount based on the monitoring data, and has the functions of efficient crust-breaking and stable feeding, so as to improve the automation and intelligent level of electrolytic aluminum production, reduce production costs, ensure the stability of product quality, meet the requirements of the contemporary aluminum industry for efficient and accurate production, and promote the technological progress and sustainable development of the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the deficiencies in the background art, the present invention discloses a method for smelting electrolytic aluminum.

[0007] To achieve the above invention purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for smelting electrolytic aluminum, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1: Install sensors. Install a conductivity sensor at the middle position of the electrolytic cell, so that the measuring end of the conductivity sensor is completely immersed in the electrolyte; install a density sensor in the electrolytic cell so that the sensor can directly contact the electrolyte; install a temperature sensor on the anode;

[0010] S2. Collect data. The conductivity sensor, density sensor, and temperature sensor collect conductivity, density, and temperature data at corresponding locations in the electrolytic cell every hour, and transmit the data to the data acquisition module in a wired or wireless manner.

[0011] S3. Establish a database and store the collected data after filtering and amplification in the database.

[0012] S4. Calculate the concentration of alumina. The concentration of alumina in the current electrolytic cell is calculated using the following formula:

[0013]

[0014] in, is the aluminum oxide concentration, is the conductivity, is the density, is temperature; is the fitting coefficient determined by experiment;

[0015] S5. Calculate the amount of aluminum oxide missing. According to the difference between the calculated current aluminum oxide concentration and the set target concentration, the calculation formula is: aluminum oxide missing = (target concentration - current concentration) × total electrolyte volume;

[0016] S6. Add alumina and fill the calculated alumina deficiency into the electrolytic cell through the shell-breaking and feeding device.

[0017] Preferably, the shelling and feeding device comprises:

[0018] A frame, mounted on the electrolytic cell;

[0019] A lifting device is installed on the frame;

[0020] The shell drilling device is installed on the lifting device and is driven down by the lifting device. The shell drilling device drills holes in the covering material shell on the top of the electrolyte and hammers the holes at the same time to ensure the quality of the holes.

[0021] The screw feeder is installed on the lifting device and rises and falls together with the shell drilling device. It is used to quantitatively feed alumina into the opening of the covering material shell.

[0022] Preferably, the shell drilling device comprises:

[0023] a motor, mounted on the lifting device;

[0024] Drill rod, connected to the motor transmission;

[0025] A drill bit is mounted on the end of the drill rod facing away from the motor, and the drill bit is provided with a plurality of drill plates spaced along the circumference;

[0026] The drill sleeve is mounted on the drill rod and slides with the drill rod through a spline; the outer sleeve of the drill sleeve is provided with a discharge pipe corresponding to the discharge port of the screw feeder;

[0027] The hammer head is tightly connected to one end of the drill sleeve corresponding to the drill bit, and the hammer head is provided with a matching hole corresponding to the drill bit and the drill plate;

[0028] The hammer mechanism is installed between the drill sleeve and the motor, and is used to drive the drill sleeve to move back and forth along the axial direction of the drill rod. The drill sleeve drives the hammer head to move back and forth to realize the hammering action. When the hammer head and the drill bit move relative axially, they can clean the adhesion on the drill bit.

[0029] Preferably, the hammer mechanism comprises:

[0030] A fixing seat is fixedly connected to the motor; the fixing seat is provided with a through hole through which the drill sleeve can move;

[0031] The annular slide is arranged at a position corresponding to the fixed seat of the drill sleeve, and the annular slide is arranged obliquely;

[0032] The limiting shaft is installed on the fixed seat, and the limiting shaft and the annular slideway are slidably matched. When the drill sleeve rotates, the limiting shaft and the annular slideway slide together to move axially back and forth to achieve hammering action.

[0033] Preferably, a countersunk hole is provided at one end of the limiting shaft corresponding to the drill sleeve, a graphite column is movably inserted into the countersunk hole, and a spring is provided between the graphite column and the bottom of the countersunk hole.

[0034] Preferably, the lifting device is a telescopic cylinder or a lifting slide.

[0035] Preferably, the lifting slide comprises:

[0036] A fixed plate, firmly connected to the frame;

[0037] A fixed beam, fastened to the fixed plate;

[0038] The nut is installed on the fixed beam, and the fixed beam is provided with a through hole at a position corresponding to the nut;

[0039] The lead screw movably passes through the fixed beam and cooperates with the nut thread; one end of the lead screw is rotatably connected to the shell drilling device;

[0040] The driving motor is slidably matched with the fixing plate and is connected to the lead screw transmission.

[0041] Preferably, the drive motor and the motor are the same motor, and the motor is a dual-output motor; the motor and the lead screw are connected via an electromagnetic clutch.

[0042] Preferably, the motor is slidably engaged with the fixing plate via a motor seat.

[0043] Preferably, guide rods are slidably fitted on both sides of the corresponding nuts of the fixed beam, both ends of the two guide rods are fastened with movable beams, and the movable beams are slidably connected to the fixed plate through slide rails.

[0044] Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] (1) The present invention installs a conductivity sensor in the middle of the electrolytic cell, a density sensor on the pipe near the bottom of the electrolytic cell, and a platinum resistance temperature sensor on the anode. These sensors collect data every 5-10 minutes to calculate the current concentration of alumina in the electrolytic cell. By calculating the amount of alumina missing and using a shell-breaking and feeding device to replenish the calculated amount of alumina missing into the electrolytic cell, precise addition of alumina is achieved, ensuring a stable supply of raw materials during the electrolytic aluminum smelting process and improving production efficiency and product quality.

[0046] (2) The shell-breaking and feeding device of the present invention is installed on the lifting device. When the lifting device drives the shell-breaking and drilling device to descend, the shell-breaking and drilling device can accurately drill holes in the covering material shell on the top of the electrolyte and perform hammering while drilling, effectively ensuring the quality and effect of the hole opening. The screw feeder is installed on the lifting device and can move up and down with the shell-breaking and drilling device. It is mainly used to feed alumina into the opening of the covering material shell according to the set amount.

[0047] (3) The present invention has a drill bit installed at the end of the drill rod away from the motor, and the drill bit is provided with a plurality of drill plates at intervals along the circumferential direction. During the rotation of the drill bit, the drill plate can exert a top pressure and scraping force on the shell covering the trough, thereby effectively improving the efficiency and quality of drilling. A drill sleeve is provided on the outer side of the drill rod body, and the drill sleeve and the drill rod are fitted with a spline sliding method, so that the drill rod can drive the drill sleeve to rotate together when it rotates. A hammer head is fastened to the end of the drill sleeve corresponding to the drill bit. When the drill sleeve performs a reciprocating lifting motion, it drives the hammer head to reciprocate and lift accordingly, thereby realizing a hammering action. At the same time, the relative axial movement of the hammer head and the drill bit can effectively clean the material adhering to the drill bit, ensuring the cleanliness of the drill bit and the drilling efficiency. In addition, the reciprocating lifting motion of the drill sleeve is also conducive to the smooth falling of alumina in the discharge pipe, effectively preventing the discharge pipe from being blocked, and ensuring the normal supply of alumina.

[0048] (4) The specific structure of the hammer mechanism of the present invention includes a fixed seat fastened to the motor, and a through hole is provided on the fixed seat to allow the drill sleeve to move through. An annular slide is provided at the position of the drill sleeve corresponding to the fixed seat, and the annular slide is arranged in an inclined manner. A limit shaft is installed on the fixed seat, and a sliding fit is formed between the limit shaft and the annular slide. When the drill sleeve rotates, the drill sleeve can achieve axial reciprocating movement under the sliding fit between the limit shaft and the annular slide.

[0049] (5) The specific form of the lifting device is improved, and a lifting slide is preferably used as the specific structural form of the lifting device. In order to effectively reduce energy consumption, the drive motor and the motor use the same motor, and the motor is a dual-output motor. One output end of the motor is connected to the screw drive through an electromagnetic clutch, and the other output end is connected to the drill rod drive. When the shell drilling device needs to be lifted and lowered, the electromagnetic clutch is controlled to close so that the motor can drive the screw to rotate. During the feeding stage, the shell drilling device is controlled to rise so that the drill bit is in a suspended state, and then the electromagnetic clutch is controlled to be disconnected. At this time, the shell drilling device stops lifting and lowering, but the drill sleeve still maintains a state of reciprocating up and down. At this time, the screw feeder is turned on and alumina is input into the discharge pipe according to the predetermined amount. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the shelling and feeding device;

[0051] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the shelling and feeding device;

[0052] Figure 3 It is a side view of the shelling and feeding device;

[0053] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of a shell drilling device;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the cooperation between the drill bit and the hammer head;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the drill bit;

[0056] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the annular slide;

[0057] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the lifting device.

[0058] In the figure: 1. Frame; 2. Lifting device; 2-1. Fixed plate; 2-2. Fixed beam; 2-3. Nut; 2-4. Lead screw; 2-5. Motor base; 2-6. Slide rail; 2-7. Guide rod; 2-8. Movable beam; 3. Shell-breaking and drilling device; 3-1. Motor; 3-2. Drill pipe; 3-3. Drill bit; 3-4. Drill plate; 3-5. Drill sleeve; 3-6. Hammer head; 3-7. Fixed seat; 3-8. Annular slideway; 3-9. Limit shaft; 4. Screw feeder; 5. Discharge pipe; 6. Electromagnetic clutch. Specific embodiments

[0059] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0060] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0061] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixation", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific situations.

[0062] Embodiment 1:

[0063] An electrolytic aluminum smelting method includes the following steps:

[0064] S1. Install sensors. Install a conductivity sensor at the middle position of the electrolytic cell, completely submerging the measuring end of the conductivity sensor in the electrolyte. Specifically, use a Rosemount-955B series conductivity sensor. It should be noted that when installing the conductivity sensor, it is necessary to ensure that there is no interference from the anode and cathode around it to accurately measure the conductivity of the electrolyte. Install a density sensor in the electrolytic cell so that the sensor can directly contact the electrolyte. Specifically, use a Micromotion mass flowmeter and density sensor, such as the Rosemount 8700 series, installed on the pipeline near the bottom of the electrolytic cell, so that the sensor can directly contact the electrolyte, and the installation position should avoid the influence of bubbles to ensure the accuracy of density measurement. Install a temperature sensor on the anode. This temperature sensor can be a platinum resistance temperature sensor.

[0065] S2. Collect data. The conductivity sensor, density sensor, and temperature sensor collect the conductivity, density, and temperature data at the corresponding positions in the electrolytic cell every 1 hour, and transmit the data to the data acquisition module in a wired or wireless manner. The data acquisition module can use an Advantech IPC-610 industrial computer equipped with a corresponding data acquisition card to summarize the data transmitted by each sensor.

[0066] S3. Establish a database. Store the filtered and amplified data collected into the database.

[0067] S4. Calculate the alumina concentration. Use the calculation program in the industrial computer to calculate the alumina concentration in the current electrolytic cell through the formula. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] where, is the alumina concentration, is the conductivity, is the density, is the temperature; is the fitting coefficient determined through experiments;

[0070] The experimental determination of the fitting coefficient is as follows:

[0071] Select representative experimental electrolytic cells: On the actual aluminum electrolysis production line, select several representative electrolytic cells, which should cover different operating conditions and alumina concentration ranges.

[0072] Install sensors: Install a conductivity sensor, a density sensor, and a temperature sensor in the selected electrolytic cells according to the description in step S1 to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the sensors.

[0073] Reference measurement method for alumina concentration: Regular sampling and analysis of the alumina concentration in the selected electrolytic cells are carried out using laboratory analysis methods such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as reference data.

[0074] Data arrangement: The collected data is arranged into multiple data pairs , and each data pair corresponds to the measurement result of a specific experimental electrolytic cell at a certain moment.

[0075] Initial hypothesis and formula transformation: Taking the natural logarithm of the formula , we get:

[0076] .

[0077] Linear regression fitting: Using as the independent variable and as the dependent variable, the data is fitted using the method of linear regression. Data analysis software such as MATLAB or the scikit-learn library of Python can be used to complete the regression analysis to obtain the regression coefficient .

[0078] Coefficient determination: According to the regression result, determine the value of the coefficient .

[0079] Verification dataset division: The collected data is divided into a training set and a verification set, usually in a ratio of 7:3 or 8:2.

[0080] Model verification: Using the coefficient obtained from fitting to construct an alumina concentration calculation model, substituting the data of the verification set into the model, calculating the predicted alumina concentration value, and comparing it with the actual laboratory analysis value.

[0081] Error analysis and correction: Calculate the error metrics between the predicted value and the actual value. The error metrics include the mean absolute error and the root mean square error. If the error is large, the model needs to be corrected; after correction, fitting and verification are carried out again until the prediction accuracy of the model meets the requirements.

[0082] Specifically, select experimental electrolytic cells: Select 10 aluminum electrolytic cells with different operating conditions in a certain aluminum plant as experimental objects, ensuring that these cells cover different alumina concentration ranges (such as 1.5% - 3%).

[0083] Install sensors: Install Rosemount-955B series conductivity sensors, Micromotion mass flowmeter and density sensors, and platinum resistance temperature sensors in each electrolytic cell, respectively, at appropriate positions near the middle and bottom of the electrolytic cell, avoiding anode and cathode interference.

[0084] Prepare the reference measurement equipment: Set up an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer near the electrolytic cell to regularly collect electrolyte samples and analyze the alumina concentration as reference data.

[0085] Operate the electrolytic cell: Operate all experimental electrolytic cells under normal production conditions.

[0086] Data collection and reference measurement: Record the conductivity, density, and temperature data collected by the sensor, as well as the alumina concentration value obtained by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis, every 1 hour simultaneously, and continuously collect data for one week.

[0087] Data collation: Collate the collected data into 1680 data points (10 electrolytic cells × 24 hours × 7 days), and each data point contains C, σ, ρ, T.

[0088] In the first measurement of the first electrolytic cell, C1 = 2.1%, σ1 = 320 μS / cm, ρ1 = 2.15 g / cm3, and T1 = 950 °C were obtained.

[0089] Formula transformation: For the formula Take the natural logarithm to obtain .

[0090] Linear regression fitting: Use the linear regression toolbox of MATLAB to fit with as the independent variable and lnC as the dependent variable, and obtain the following regression coefficients: a = e−10.2 ≈ 3.3×10−5, b = −0.45, c = 1.2, d = −7500. After verification, the average absolute error between the calculated predicted value and the actual value is 0.15%, and the root mean square error is 0.2%, and the error is within an acceptable range.

[0091] S5. Calculate the shortage of alumina. According to the difference between the currently calculated alumina concentration and the set target concentration, the calculation formula is: shortage of alumina = (target concentration - current concentration) × total electrolyte volume;

[0092] S6. Add alumina. Feed the calculated shortage of alumina into the electrolytic cell through the crust breaking and feeding device.

[0093] Example 2:

[0094] Combined with the appendix Figures 1 to 7 , an electrolytic aluminum smelting method, which is different from Example 1 in that on the basis of Example 1, as shown in the appendix Figures 1 to 3As shown, the crust breaking and feeding device includes a frame 1, a lifting device 2, a crust breaking and drilling device 3, and a screw feeder 4. Among them, the frame 1 is installed above the electrolytic cell, playing a role in stably supporting the entire device. The lifting device 2 is installed on the frame 1, and it can achieve the movement control in the vertical up and down direction. The crust breaking and drilling device 3 is installed on the lifting device 2. When the lifting device 2 drives the crust breaking and drilling device 3 to descend, the crust breaking and drilling device 3 can accurately drill holes in the covering material shell on the top of the electrolyte, and perform a hammering action during the drilling operation, thereby effectively ensuring the quality and effect of the hole opening. In addition, the screw feeder 4 is installed on the lifting device 2 and can move up and down together with the crust breaking and drilling device 3. It is mainly used to put alumina into the hole opened in the covering material shell according to a set amount to meet the raw material supply requirements during the electrolytic aluminum smelting process.

[0095] Specifically, the crust breaking and drilling device 3 includes a motor 3-1, a drill rod 3-2, a drill bit 3-3, and a drill sleeve 3-5. As shown in the appendix Figure 4 As shown, the motor 3-1 is installed on the lifting device 2 and is driven by the lifting device 2 to perform lifting actions. The drill rod 3-2 is connected to the motor 3-1 in a transmission connection manner, that is, after the motor 3-1 starts, it will drive the drill rod 3-2 to perform a rotational motion. One end of the drill rod 3-2 away from the motor 3-1 is installed with a drill bit 3-3, and the drill bit 3-3 is provided with a plurality of drill plates 3-4 at circumferential intervals. During the rotation of the drill bit 3-3, the drill plates 3-4 can generate a pressing and scraping force on the covering material tank shell, thereby effectively improving the drilling efficiency and quality.

[0096] A drill sleeve 3-5 is sleeved outside the rod body of the drill rod 3-2, and the drill sleeve 3-5 and the drill rod 3-2 are in spline sliding fit. The purpose of this design is to enable the drill rod 3-2 to drive the drill sleeve 3-5 to rotate together when rotating. An outlet pipe 5 is also sleeved outside the drill sleeve 3-5, and the outlet pipe 5 is correspondingly connected to the outlet of the screw feeder 4. The screw feeder 4 will perform an accurate quantitative feeding operation according to the alumina shortage amount calculated in step S5. The supplemented alumina can fall into the hole drilled by the drill bit 3-3 on the covering material tank shell along the gap between the outlet pipe 5 and the drill sleeve 3-5, and then smoothly enter the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell to participate in the smelting reaction.

[0097] It should be noted that a hammer head 3-6 is fixedly connected to one end of the drill sleeve 3-5 corresponding to the drill bit 3-3, and the hammer head 3-6 is provided with a mating hole corresponding to and stably mating with the drill bit 3-3 and the drill plates 3-4, as shown in the appendix Figure 5 and 6As shown in the figure. A hammering mechanism is installed between the drill bushing 3-5 and the motor 3-1, and its main function is to drive the drill bushing 3-5 to reciprocate axially along the drill rod 3-2. When the drill bushing 3-5 reciprocates up and down, it will drive the hammer head 3-6 to reciprocate up and down accordingly, thus realizing the hammering action. At the same time, during the relative axial movement of the hammer head 3-6 and the drill bit 3-3, the materials adhered to the drill bit 3-3 can be effectively cleaned, ensuring the cleanliness of the drill bit 3-3 and the drilling efficiency. In addition, the reciprocating up and down movement of the drill bushing 3-5 is also conducive to the smooth falling of alumina in the discharge pipe 5, effectively preventing the discharge pipe 5 from being blocked and ensuring the normal supply of alumina.

[0098] It should be noted that since the hammer head 3-6 and the drill bit 3-3 will be worn and corroded during use, the hammer head 3-6 and the drill bushing 3-5, as well as the drill bit 3-3 and the drill rod 3-2, are all connected in a detachable manner, so that the hammer head 3-6 and the drill bit 3-3 can be replaced in time when wear or corrosion occurs.

[0099] Furthermore, the specific structure of the hammering mechanism includes a fixed seat 3-7 fixedly connected to the motor 3-1. A through hole is provided on the fixed seat 3-7 through which the drill bushing 3-5 can move through, that is to say, the drill bushing 3-5 can flexibly move through the fixed seat 3-7. In order to ensure the stability and structural strength of the discharge pipe 5, as shown in the attached Figure 2 figure, the discharge pipe 5 can be fixedly connected to the fixed seat 3-7 through a connecting bracket. An annular slideway 3-8 is provided at the position of the drill bushing 3-5 corresponding to the fixed seat 3-7, and the annular slideway 3-8 is arranged in an inclined manner, as shown in the attached Figure 7 figure. A limiting shaft 3-9 is installed on the fixed seat 3-7, and a sliding fit relationship is formed between the limiting shaft 3-9 and the annular slideway 3-8. When the drill bushing 3-5 rotates, under the sliding fit action of the limiting shaft 3-9 and the annular slideway 3-8, the drill bushing 3-5 can realize axial reciprocating movement. The drill bushing 3-5 drives the hammer head 3-6 to reciprocate up and down, and then powerfully hammers the covering trough shell, which not only helps to further improve the drilling efficiency, but also the hammer head 3-6 can squeeze the covering material scraped off by the drill plate 3-4 to the periphery of the drill hole, effectively avoiding the situation that the drill hole is blocked by the covering material again and ensuring the smooth progress of the entire drilling and feeding process.

[0100] Even further, a counterbore is provided at one end of the limiting shaft 3-9 corresponding to the drill bushing 3-5. A graphite column is movably inserted into the counterbore, and a spring is provided between the graphite column and the bottom of the counterbore. The spring has a force to push the graphite column, which can generate an appropriate frictional force between the graphite column and the annular slideway 3-8, thereby effectively reducing the friction coefficient of the annular slideway 3-8. In this way, the smoothness of the reciprocating up and down movement of the drill bushing 3-5 can be significantly improved, the resistance and energy consumption during the movement can be reduced, and the stable operation and high-efficiency operation of the entire device can be ensured.

[0101] Example 3:

[0102] With reference to Figures 1 and 8 , the electrolytic aluminum smelting method has been further optimized and improved. Based on the second embodiment, the specific form of the lifting device 2 has been selected and improved. Although the telescopic cylinder has a simple structure, it requires an additional power source, which may increase system complexity and cost in practical applications. Therefore, this embodiment preferably uses a lifting slide as the specific structural form of the lifting device 2.

[0103] Specifically, as attached Figure 8 As shown, the lifting slide includes a fixed plate 2-1, a nut 2-3 and a lead screw 2-4. The fixed plate 2-1 and the frame 1 are fastened together to ensure the stability of the entire lifting slide. A fixed beam 2-2 is fastened to the fixed plate 2-1, and the nut 2-3 is installed on the fixed beam 2-2, and a through hole is provided at the position of the fixed beam 2-2 corresponding to the nut 2-3. The lead screw 2-4 movably penetrates the fixed beam 2-2 and forms a threaded fitting relationship with the nut 2-3. One end of the lead screw 2-4 is rotatably connected to the shell drilling device 3, thereby realizing power transmission and motion conversion. At the same time, a drive motor is slidably fitted on the fixed plate 2-1, and a transmission connection is adopted between the drive motor and the lead screw 2-4. The operation of the drive motor drives the lead screw 2-4 to rotate, thereby realizing the lifting motion control of the shell drilling device 3.

[0104] It should be particularly pointed out that, when this structure is adopted, the motor 3-1 of the shell drilling device 3 must maintain a sliding connection with the fixed plate 2-1 to ensure the normal operation and coordinated movement of the entire device.

[0105] In order to effectively reduce energy consumption, in this embodiment, the drive motor and motor 3-1 use the same motor, and motor 3-1 is a dual-output motor. One output end of motor 3-1 is connected to the lead screw 2-4 through an electromagnetic clutch 6, and the other output end is connected to the drill rod 3-2. When the shell drilling device 3 needs to be raised or lowered, the electromagnetic clutch 6 is controlled to close, so that the motor 3-1 can drive the lead screw 2-4 to rotate. During the feeding stage, the shell drilling device 3 is controlled to rise, so that the drill bit 3-3 is in a suspended state, and then the electromagnetic clutch 6 is controlled to be disconnected. At this time, the shell drilling device 3 stops the lifting action, but the drill sleeve 3-5 still maintains the state of reciprocating up and down. At this time, the screw feeder 4 is turned on, and alumina is fed into the discharge pipe 5 according to the predetermined amount. Due to the reciprocating lifting motion of the drill sleeve 3-5, the alumina in the discharge pipe 5 is facilitated to fall smoothly, so that the alumina can accurately fall into the opening drilled by the drill bit 3-3 on the covering trough shell along the gap between the discharge pipe 5 and the drill sleeve 3-5, and then smoothly enter the electrolyte of the electrolytic cell to participate in the reaction, thereby ensuring the normal progress of the electrolytic aluminum smelting process and the stable supply of raw materials.

[0106] In addition, the motor 3-1 is slidably fitted with the fixed plate 2-1 through the motor base 2-5. This design is not only easy to install, but also can adapt to various movement requirements of the device during operation, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the entire device. On both sides of the fixed beam 2-2 corresponding to the nut 2-3, there are guide rods 2-7 that are slidably fitted, and both ends of the two guide rods 2-7 are fastened to a movable beam 2-8. The movable beam 2-8 is slidably connected to the fixed plate 2-1 through the slide rail 2-6. This structural design can effectively improve the overall stability of the lifting slide, thereby ensuring the stability and accuracy of the shell drilling device 3 during the lifting process, and providing a strong guarantee for the efficient and stable operation of the electrolytic aluminum smelting process.

[0107] The parts of the present invention that are not described in detail are prior art. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of equivalent elements are included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for electrolytic aluminum smelting, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1. Install the sensor. Install the conductivity sensor in the middle of the electrolytic cell so that the measuring end of the conductivity sensor is completely immersed in the electrolyte. Install the density sensor in the electrolytic cell so that the sensor can directly contact the electrolyte. Install the temperature sensor on the anode. S2. Collect data: the conductivity sensor, density sensor, and temperature sensor collect conductivity, density, and temperature data at corresponding positions in the electrolytic cell every hour, and transmit the data to the data acquisition module in a wired or wireless manner; S3. Establish a database and store the collected data after filtering and amplification in the database; S4. Calculate the concentration of alumina. The concentration of alumina in the current electrolytic cell is calculated using the following formula: wherein, is the alumina concentration, is the conductivity, is the density, is the temperature; is the fitting coefficient determined by experiments; S5. Calculate the amount of aluminum oxide missing. According to the difference between the calculated current aluminum oxide concentration and the set target concentration, the calculation formula is: aluminum oxide missing = (target concentration - current concentration) × total electrolyte volume; S6. Adding alumina: The calculated alumina shortage amount is added into the electrolytic cell through the shell breaking and feeding device; The shelling and feeding device comprises: A frame (1) is mounted on the electrolytic cell; A lifting device (2) is mounted on the frame (1); The shell drilling device (3) is installed on the lifting device (2), and the lifting device (2) drives the shell drilling device (3) to descend. The shell drilling device (3) drills a hole in the covering material shell on the top of the electrolyte, and hammers the hole while drilling to ensure the quality of the hole. A screw feeder (4) is mounted on the lifting device (2) and rises and falls together with the shell drilling device (3) to quantitatively feed alumina into the opening of the covering material shell; The shell drilling device (3) comprises: A motor (3-1) is mounted on the lifting device (2); A drill rod (3-2) is connected to the motor (3-1) in a transmission manner; A drill bit (3-3) is installed at one end of the drill rod (3-2) facing away from the motor (3-1); the drill bit (3-3) is provided with a plurality of drill plates (3-4) at intervals along the circumferential direction; A drill sleeve (3-5) is sleeved on the drill rod (3-2) and is slidably engaged with the drill rod (3-2) via a spline; a discharge pipe (5) is provided on the outer surface of the drill sleeve (3-5) and is correspondingly connected to the discharge port of the screw feeder (4); The hammer head (3-6) is tightly connected to one end of the drill sleeve (3-5) corresponding to the drill bit (3-3), and the hammer head (3-6) is provided with a matching hole corresponding to the drill bit (3-3) and the drill plate (3-4); The hammer mechanism is installed between the drill sleeve (3-5) and the motor (3-1) and is used to drive the drill sleeve (3-5) to move back and forth along the axial direction of the drill rod (3-2). The drill sleeve (3-5) drives the hammer head (3-6) to move up and down to achieve the hammering action. When the hammer head (3-6) and the drill bit (3-3) move relative to each other in the axial direction, it can clean the adhesion on the drill bit (3-3).

2. The electrolytic aluminum smelting method according to claim 1, wherein: The hammer mechanism comprises: A fixing seat (3-7) is tightly connected to the motor (3-1); the fixing seat (3-7) is provided with a through hole through which the drill sleeve (3-5) can movably pass; An annular slideway (3-8) is provided at a position of the drill sleeve (3-5) corresponding to the fixed seat (3-7), and the annular slideway (3-8) is inclined; The limiting shaft (3-9) is mounted on the fixing seat (3-7), and the limiting shaft (3-9) is in sliding cooperation with the annular slideway (3-8). When the drill sleeve (3-5) rotates, it moves axially back and forth under the sliding cooperation between the limiting shaft (3-9) and the annular slideway (3-8), thereby realizing a hammering action.

3. The electrolytic aluminum smelting method according to claim 2, wherein: One end of the limiting shaft (3-9) corresponding to the drill sleeve (3-5) is provided with a countersink, a graphite column is movably inserted into the countersink, and a spring is provided between the graphite column and the bottom of the countersink.

4. The electrolytic aluminum smelting method according to claim 1, wherein: The lifting device (2) is a telescopic cylinder or a lifting slide.

5. The electrolytic aluminum smelting method according to claim 4, wherein: The lifting slide comprises: A fixing plate (2-1) is firmly connected to the frame (1); A fixed beam (2-2) is tightly connected to the fixed plate (2-1); The nut (2-3) is mounted on the fixed beam (2-2), and a through hole is provided on the fixed beam (2-2) at a position corresponding to the nut (2-3); A lead screw (2-4) movably penetrates the fixed beam (2-2) and is threadably engaged with the nut (2-3); one end of the lead screw (2-4) is rotatably connected to the shell drilling device (3); The driving motor is in sliding engagement with the fixed plate (2-1) and is transmission-connected to the lead screw (2-4).

6. The electrolytic aluminum smelting method according to claim 5, wherein: The driving motor and the motor (3-1) are the same motor, and the motor (3-1) is a dual-output motor; the motor (3-1) and the lead screw (2-4) are connected in transmission via an electromagnetic clutch (6).

7. The electrolytic aluminum smelting method according to claim 6, wherein: The motor (3-1) is slidably engaged with the fixing plate (2-1) via the motor seat (2-5).

8. The electrolytic aluminum smelting method according to any one of claims 5-6, characterized in that: Guide rods (2-7) are slidably fitted on both sides of the corresponding nuts (2-3) of the fixed beam (2-2), and both ends of the two guide rods (2-7) are fastened to movable beams (2-8), which are slidably connected to the fixed plate (2-1) via slide rails (2-6).

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