Bamboo forest erosion inferior land rill erosion prevention and control system and method for comprehensively utilizing bamboo resources

Abstract

The invention provides a bamboo forest erosion inferior land rill erosion prevention and control system and method capable of comprehensively utilizing bamboo resources. The system comprises an upper catchment area runoff dispersion system arranged above a rill catchment area, a rill head traceability erosion prevention and control system arranged at a rill traceability erosion section, and a rill channel energy dissipation and flow reduction system arranged in a rill main channel, the ecological grass ditch is arranged at the downstream of a water outlet of the rill; and the bamboo check dam systems are distributed at different elevation positions of the rill. The method closely focuses on rill erosion prevention of the bamboo forest erosion inferior land, and the prevention technology cost is low; the adopted materials do not relate to concrete, reinforcing steel bars and traditional water and soil conservation spraying and mixing chemical materials, and the prevention and control technology is high in ecological property; according to the invention, a full-chain rill prevention and treatment system of'diversion in a water collecting area, stabilization of the ditch head, protection of the ditch and adsorption of the ditch tail 'is innovated, and the prevention and treatment technology is obvious in effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil and water conservation, and specifically to a rill erosion prevention and control system and method for degraded bamboo forest land with erosion that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources. Technical Background

[0002] Bamboo forests are not only important economic resources but also play an important role in improving the regional ecological environment. However, under the concept of relying on the weather in the past, the area and intensity of forestry development activities such as bamboo harvesting and bamboo shoot digging were extensive, and coupled with ineffective management of some bamboo forests, to a certain extent, the quality and yield of bamboo forests were affected, resulting in low-yield and low-efficiency bamboo forests. In order to improve the ecological quality of bamboo forests and the yield of bamboo products, a large number of low-yield and low-efficiency forests have been transformed, and the main transformation modes include logging, cleaning, fertilization, and tending. During the transformation process, due to complete reclamation of the land and comprehensive cleaning of the surface dead branches and leaves, the intensity of surface disturbance is large, resulting in long-term and large-area exposure of the surface, and the surface anti-erosion ability is significantly reduced. In addition, most of the low-yield and low-efficiency bamboo forest transformation periods coincide with the regional rainy season, and under the action of strong rainfall, the transformed bamboo forest land is extremely prone to soil erosion and rill erosion ( Figure 1 ). Rills are not only important channels for the transportation of eroded sediment but also the main source of sediment. A large number of studies at home and abroad have shown that rill erosion can contribute more than 50% of the total erosion sediment yield on the slope. On the one hand, severe soil erosion leads to the loss of a large amount of organic matter, making the soil more barren and exacerbating non-point source pollution; on the other hand, it directly affects land productivity and severely restricts the sustainable development of bamboo resources. Therefore, it is extremely important to carry out research on rill erosion prevention and control technology for degraded bamboo forest land with erosion.

[0003] At present, many technical solutions for rill erosion prevention and control have been proposed at home and abroad. The key research areas of domestic technology are mainly concentrated in the Loess Plateau region and the Northeast Black Soil region, while technical solutions for rill erosion prevention and control in bamboo forest land are still relatively lacking. Traditional rill erosion prevention and control measures mainly include plant measures and engineering measures. Among them, plant measures refer to planting plants in eroded channels and reducing the runoff energy through vegetation to achieve the prevention and control of eroded channels, and the plants selected are mostly native plants; engineering measures refer to achieving the prevention and control of eroded channels by building check dams, intercepting and draining ditches, etc. Whether it is plant measures or engineering measures, their costs are relatively high. At the same time, plant measures face challenges in improving the local soil habitat in the channel and difficulties in maintaining suitable plants; engineering measures face problems such as the transportation of engineering materials such as cement, sand and gravel, and steel, and the dilemma of poor ecological performance of engineering measures. At present, most bamboo forest lands are contracted, managed, and operated by individual farmers. The high cost of rill erosion prevention and control has, to a certain extent, inhibited the willingness of farmers to carry out rill erosion prevention and control. In addition, the bamboo forest lands operated by farmers in a decentralized manner do not have the conditions for large-scale and systematic implementation of plant measures and engineering measures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a rill erosion prevention and control system and method for comprehensively utilizing bamboo resources in bamboo forests, which is oriented to bamboo forests, takes into account the ecological nature of prevention and control measures, and has low prevention and control costs. All the materials involved can be locally sourced in bamboo forests, with obvious rill erosion prevention and control effects and significant improvement in the ecological nature of eroded and degraded forest land.

[0005] A rill erosion prevention and control system for comprehensively utilizing bamboo resources in bamboo forest eroded and degraded land, including an upper catchment runoff dispersion system set above the rill catchment area, a gully head headward erosion prevention and control system set in the headward erosion section of the rill, a channel energy dissipation and flow reduction system set in the main channel of the rill, an ecological grass gully set downstream of the rill outlet, and a bamboo check dam system distributed at different elevation positions of the rill; the upper catchment runoff dispersion system includes a water flow dispersion bamboo dike perpendicular to the water flow direction and a simple water storage depression placed above and closely attached to the water flow dispersion bamboo dike; the gully head headward erosion prevention and control system includes a gully wall bamboo retaining wall and a gravel drop structure layer arranged below the gully wall; the channel energy dissipation and flow reduction system is formed by piling up bamboo forest litter at the bottom of the channel in the upstream direction of the bamboo check dam system and binding bamboo strips into a cylindrical energy dissipation body; the ecological grass gully is formed by planting hygrophytic plants in the channel within 2-3 m from the rill outlet.

[0006] Further, the water flow dispersion bamboo dike is formed by digging shallow trenches along the contour line on the slope at intervals of the critical slope length of rill erosion occurrence and laying bamboo poles above the ground elevation; the simple water storage depression is formed by manual excavation.

[0007] Further, the calculation formula for the critical slope length of rill erosion occurrence is as follows:

[0008]

[0009] where, L is the critical slope length of rill erosion occurrence (m); S is the slope (degree).

[0010] Further, the width of the water flow dispersion bamboo dike is 8-10 cm, the height is 20-30 cm, and the length is 1-2 m; the length of the simple water storage depression is the same as that of the water flow dispersion bamboo dike, the shape is an inverted trapezoid, the maximum depth is 15-20 cm, and the width is 20-30 cm.

[0011] Further, the gully wall bamboo retaining wall is formed by inserting bamboo poles side by side perpendicular to the gully bottom along the gully head gully wall and higher than the gully head elevation, and the gravel drop structure layer is formed by piling up gravel below the gully wall bamboo retaining wall.

[0012] Further, the width of the gully wall bamboo retaining wall is 10-20 cm, the height is 50-80 cm, and the length is 20-40 cm; the selected gravel size for the gravel drop structure layer is 5-10 cm, and the thickness of the gravel layer is 30-40 cm.

[0013] Further, the bamboo valley system is formed by vertically inserting bamboo poles side by side at the bottom of the ditch where the ditch corner is greater than 30°. The width of the bamboo valley system is 10 - 20 cm, the height is 50 - 80 cm, and the length is 20 - 40 cm.

[0014] Further, the ditch energy dissipation and flow reduction system is to bind bamboo shoots and bamboo leaves into a cylindrical energy dissipation body with bamboo strips and place it in the ditch above the bamboo valley system. The diameter of the cylinder is 10 - 20 cm, and the length of the cylinder is 30 - 50 cm.

[0015] Further, the hygrophytic plants are one or a combination of water dropwort, wild water chestnut, water spinach, bermudagrass.

[0016] A method for preventing and controlling rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land by comprehensively utilizing bamboo resources, which is carried out by using the said system. The method includes the following steps:

[0017] S1. Construct a runoff dispersion system in the upper catchment area: Set up a water flow dispersion bamboo dike vertically along the water flow direction above the rill catchment area, and closely arrange a simple water storage depression on the water-facing side of the water flow dispersion bamboo dike. The bamboo dike is composed of bamboo poles arranged at intervals, and the water storage depression forms a hydraulic connection with the water flow dispersion bamboo dike through the gaps between the bamboo poles;

[0018] S2. Arrange a system for preventing headward erosion of the gully: Set up a bamboo retaining wall on the gully wall in the headward erosion section of the rill, and set a gravel drop - water layer at the bottom of the bamboo retaining wall. The gravel drop - water layer extends to the bottom of the ditch to form an erosion - resistant base;

[0019] S3. Build a gully energy dissipation system: In the main gully of the rill, pile up bamboo forest litter at the bottom of the ditch in the upstream direction of the bamboo valley system, and bind the bamboo forest litter into a cylindrical energy dissipation body with bamboo strips. The cylindrical energy dissipation bodies are arranged at intervals along the gully extension direction;

[0020] S4. Establish an ecological interception system: Transform the ditch within a range of 2 - 3 m downstream of the rill outlet, and form an ecological grass ditch by planting hygrophytic plants. The plant roots of the ecological grass ditch form a consolidated structure with the ditch soil;

[0021] S5. Configure a stepped protection system: Set up bamboo valley systems at different elevation positions along the rill. The bamboo valley systems are sequentially connected with the systems constructed in steps S1 - S4 along the rill direction to form a stepped protection chain from runoff dispersion, gully head protection, gully energy dissipation to ecological interception.

[0022] Compared with the existing rill erosion prevention and control technologies, the present invention has the following remarkable features and advantages:

[0023] 1. The present invention closely focuses on the prevention and control of rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land. The technical materials involved, including bamboo poles, bamboo leaves, bamboo tips, and gravel, can all be obtained locally in bamboo forest land, and the cost of the prevention and control technology is low.

[0024] 2. The materials used in the present invention do not involve concrete, steel bars, and traditional chemical materials for soil and water conservation spraying and mixing, and the prevention and control technology has high ecologicality.

[0025] 3. Compared with the existing single measures for rill prevention and control, the present invention innovatively creates a full-chain rill prevention and control system of "watershed diversion - gully head stabilization - gully channel protection - gully tail adsorption", and the prevention and control technology has obvious effects. Through the runoff dispersion system in the upper catchment area, the concentration of water coming from above the existing erosion gully and its continuous scouring of the erosion gully are reduced, and the further development of the erosion gully is curbed from the source; through the gully head headward erosion prevention and control system, the gully head of the existing erosion gully is stabilized by the bamboo retaining wall on the gully wall, and the jet energy of the water coming from above the gully head is reduced by the gravel drop layer; through the bamboo check dam system, sediment is intercepted, the energy consumption of runoff is reduced, and the nutrients of the eroded sediment are deposited; through the gully channel energy dissipation and flow reduction system, sediment is further intercepted, the energy consumption of runoff is reduced, and the scouring of the gully bottom by runoff is reduced. After being soaked in water, bamboo leaves and bamboo tips together with the deposited nutrient substances form humus, creating a local habitat for the natural ecological restoration of the gully channel; through the end ecological grass gully, sediment is further intercepted, the nutrients of the eroded sediment are absorbed, and while soil and water loss is reduced, non-point source pollution prevention and control and full utilization of water resources are achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of rills in degraded bamboo forest land.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rill erosion prevention and control system for degraded bamboo forest land that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the runoff dispersion system in the upper catchment area in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the gully head headward erosion prevention and control system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the bamboo check dam system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the gully channel energy dissipation and flow reduction system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the ecological grass gully in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , taking a certain eroded and infertile bamboo forest land in a southwestern province as an example, the embodiments of the present invention provide a rill erosion prevention and control system for comprehensively utilizing bamboo resources in eroded and infertile bamboo forest land, including an upper catchment runoff dispersion system S10, a headward erosion prevention and control system S20, a bamboo check dam system S30, a channel energy dissipation and flow reduction system S40, and an ecological grass ditch S50.

[0035] As Figure 3 shown, the upper catchment runoff dispersion system S10 includes a runoff dispersion bamboo dike S11 perpendicular to the water flow direction and a simple water storage depression S12. Through the upper catchment runoff dispersion system, the concentration of water coming from above an existing erosion ditch and its continuous scouring of the erosion ditch are reduced, and the further development of the erosion ditch is curbed from the source.

[0036] The runoff dispersion bamboo dike S11 is made of bamboo poles. It is formed by digging shallow trenches along the contour line on the slope at intervals of the critical slope length for rill erosion occurrence, and then laying the bamboo poles higher than the ground elevation. Its width is 8 - 10 cm, height is 20 - 30 cm, and length is 1 - 2 m. The runoff on the slope is dispersed through the runoff dispersion bamboo dike S11 to inhibit the generation of concentrated flow with strong erosion kinetic energy. Among them, the calculation formula for the critical slope length for rill erosion occurrence is as follows:

[0037]

[0038] where L is the critical slope length for rill erosion occurrence (m); S is the slope (degree).

[0039] The simple water storage depression S12 is placed above the runoff dispersion bamboo dike S11 and is closely arranged against the runoff dispersion bamboo dike S11. It is formed by manual excavation. Its length is the same as that of the runoff dispersion bamboo dike S11. Its shape is an inverted trapezoid, with a maximum depth of 15 - 20 cm and a width of 20 - 30 cm. Through the simple water storage depression S12, the confluence energy above the runoff dispersion bamboo dike is further reduced, the concentration of runoff is reduced, and the impact of the upstream confluence on the runoff dispersion bamboo dike S11 is alleviated.

[0040] As Figure 4As shown in the figure, the headward erosion prevention and control system S20 includes a bamboo retaining wall S21 on the gully wall and a gravel drop structure layer S22 provided below the gully wall. Through the headward erosion prevention and control system S20, the head of the existing erosion gully is stabilized by the bamboo retaining wall S21 on the gully wall, and the jet energy of the water coming from above the gully head is reduced by the gravel drop structure layer S22 to contain headward erosion. The bamboo retaining wall S21 on the gully wall is made of bamboo poles, with a width of 10 - 20 cm, a height of 50 - 80 cm, and a length of 20 - 40 cm. The specific length depends on the width of the gully wall. The head of the existing erosion gully is stabilized by the bamboo retaining wall S21 on the gully wall to contain headward erosion of the gully head.

[0041] The gravel drop structure layer S22 is formed by piling up gravel collected from bamboo forests, placed below the bamboo retaining wall S21 on the gully wall and closely attached to the bamboo retaining wall S21. The selected gravel size is 5 - 10 cm, and the thickness of the gravel layer is about 30 - 40 cm. On the one hand, the gravel drop structure layer S22 stabilizes the bamboo retaining wall S21 on the gully wall, and on the other hand, it reduces the jet energy of the water coming from above the gully head and reduces the scouring and undermining of the gully bottom.

[0042] As Figure 5 shown in the figure, the bamboo check dam system S30 includes bamboo check dams distributed at different positions of rills. The bamboo check dams are formed by vertically inserting bamboo poles side by side at different elevation positions of the gully, especially at positions where the direction of the gully changes significantly (the gully turning angle is greater than 30°), perpendicular to the gully bottom. The width of the bamboo check dam is 10 - 20 cm, the height is 50 - 80 cm, and the length is 20 - 40 cm. The bamboo check dam system S30 is formed by multiple bamboo check dams to achieve sediment interception, runoff energy reduction, and deposition of nutrients in eroded sediment.

[0043] As Figure 6 shown in the figure, the gully energy dissipation and flow reduction system S40 includes bamboo litter such as bamboo tips and bamboo leaves laid on the bottom of the gully. The gully energy dissipation and flow reduction system S40 binds bamboo tips and bamboo leaves into a cylindrical energy dissipation body with bamboo strips and places it in the gully above the bamboo check dam system S30. The diameter of the cylinder is 10 - 20 cm, and the length of the cylinder is 30 - 50 cm. Through the gully energy dissipation and flow reduction system S40, sediment is further intercepted, runoff energy is reduced, and scouring of the gully bottom by runoff is reduced; at the same time, after being soaked in water, bamboo leaves and bamboo tips together with the deposited nutrient substances form humus to create a local habitat for the natural ecological restoration of the gully.

[0044] As Figure 7 shown in the figure, the ecological grass gully S50 is formed by planting hygrophytic plants in the gully within 2 - 3 m from the outlet of the rill. Through the terminal ecological grass gully S50, sediment is further intercepted, nutrients in eroded sediment are absorbed, soil erosion is reduced, and at the same time, non - point source pollution prevention and control and full utilization of water resources are achieved. The hygrophytic plants are one or a combination of water dropwort, wild water chestnut, water spinach, bermudagrass.

[0045] Compared with traditional rill erosion prevention and control technologies, the present invention innovates a full-chain rill prevention and control system of "watershed diversion - gully head stabilization - gully channel protection - gully tail adsorption": through the runoff dispersion system in the upper catchment area, runoff concentration is reduced at the source, and the continuous scouring of rills by runoff is curbed; through the headward erosion prevention and control system of the gully head, the existing erosion gully heads are stabilized, and the headward erosion of the erosion gully is inhibited; through the Zhugu dam system and the gully channel energy dissipation and flow reduction system, gully channel protection is achieved and a local habitat for the natural ecological restoration of the gully channel is created; through the ecological grass gully, sediment is further intercepted and the nutrients of the eroded sediment are absorbed. The present invention realizes non-point source pollution prevention and control and full utilization of water resources while reducing soil and water loss through the cascaded combination of multiple prevention and control systems from "top to bottom".

[0046] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for preventing and controlling rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest areas that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources, which is carried out by using the above system. The method includes the following steps:

[0047] S1. Construct a runoff dispersion system in the upper catchment area: Set a water flow dispersion bamboo dyke perpendicular to the water flow direction above the rill catchment area, and closely arrange a simple water storage depression on the water-facing side of the water flow dispersion bamboo dyke. The bamboo dyke is composed of bamboo poles arranged at intervals, and the water storage depression forms a hydraulic connection with the water flow dispersion bamboo dyke through the gaps between the bamboo poles;

[0048] S2. Arrange a headward erosion prevention and control system for the gully head: Set a bamboo retaining wall on the gully wall in the headward erosion section of the rill, and set a gravel drop water layer at the bottom of the bamboo retaining wall. The gravel drop water layer extends to the gully bottom to form an erosion-resistant base;

[0049] S3. Build a gully channel energy dissipation system: In the main gully channel of the rill, pile up bamboo forest litter at the gully bottom in the upstream direction of the Zhugu dam system, and bundle the bamboo forest litter into cylindrical energy dissipation bodies with bamboo strips. The cylindrical energy dissipation bodies are arranged at intervals along the gully channel extension direction;

[0050] S4. Establish an ecological interception system: Transform the gully channel within a range of 2 - 3 m downstream of the rill outlet, and form an ecological grass gully by planting hygrophytic plants. The plant roots of the ecological grass gully form a consolidated structure with the gully channel soil;

[0051] S5. Configure a stepped protection system: Set a Zhugu dam system at different elevation positions along the rill. The Zhugu dam system is sequentially connected with the systems constructed in steps S1 - S4 along the rill trend to form a stepped protection chain from runoff dispersion, gully head protection, gully channel energy dissipation to ecological interception

[0052] The field implementation results of the technology of the present invention in a degraded bamboo forest area in a southwestern province show that: compared with the traditional rill erosion prevention and control technology, the technical materials involved in the present invention, including bamboo poles, bamboo leaves, bamboo tips, and gravel, can be locally sourced in bamboo forests, and the material cost involved in the technology application is reduced to 0; compared with the engineering measures of the traditional rill erosion prevention and control technology, the materials used in the present invention do not involve concrete, steel bars, and traditional soil and water conservation shotcrete chemical materials, and the prevention and control technology has high ecologicality; compared with the single measures of the traditional rill erosion prevention and control technology, the present invention significantly increases the sediment interception rate to 75%; after the technology is implemented, the gully head is stable and the headward erosion is significantly reduced; the technology implementation significantly improves the nutrient content in the rills. Among them, the total nitrogen content in the sediment in the gully channel is increased to 0.58 g / kg, the total phosphorus content is increased to 0.67 g / kg, and the organic matter content is increased to 11.24 g / kg, realizing non-point source pollution prevention and control and full utilization of water resources while reducing soil and water loss; because all the materials involved in this technology can be locally collected, farmers have a high willingness to apply this technology.

[0053] As described above, the above are only specific implementation manners of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A prevention and control system for rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources, characterized in that, It includes an upper catchment runoff dispersion system arranged above the rill catchment area, a headward erosion prevention and control system arranged in the headward erosion section of the rill, a channel energy dissipation and flow reduction system arranged in the main channel of the rill, an ecological grass ditch arranged downstream of the rill outlet, and a Zhugu dam system distributed at different elevation positions of the rill; the upper catchment runoff dispersion system includes a water flow dispersion bamboo dyke perpendicular to the water flow direction and a simple water storage depression placed above and closely attached to the water flow dispersion bamboo dyke; the headward erosion prevention and control system includes a bamboo retaining wall on the ditch wall and a gravel drop - water layer arranged below the ditch wall; the channel energy dissipation and flow reduction system is formed by piling up bamboo forest litter at the bottom of the channel in the upstream direction of the Zhugu dam system and binding bamboo strips into a cylindrical energy dissipation body; the ecological grass ditch is formed by planting hygrophytes in the channel within 2 - 3 m from the rill outlet.

2. The prevention and control system for rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water flow dispersion bamboo dyke is formed by digging shallow ditches along the contour line on the slope at intervals of the critical slope length of rill erosion and then laying bamboo poles higher than the ground elevation; the simple water storage depression is formed by manual excavation.

3. The prevention and control system for rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation formula for the critical slope length of rill erosion is as follows: ； Where, L is the critical slope length of rill erosion (m); S is the slope (degree).

4. The prevention and control system for rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources according to claim 2, characterized in that, The width of the water flow dispersion bamboo dyke is 8 - 10 cm, the height is 20 - 30 cm, and the length is 1 - 2 m; the length of the simple water storage depression is the same as that of the water flow dispersion bamboo dyke, the shape is an inverted trapezoid, the maximum depth is 15 - 20 cm, and the width is 20 - 30 cm.

5. The prevention and control system for rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bamboo retaining wall on the ditch wall is formed by inserting bamboo poles side by side perpendicular to the ditch bottom along the ditch wall of the gully head and higher than the elevation of the gully head, and the gravel drop - water layer is formed by piling up gravel below the bamboo retaining wall on the ditch wall.

6. The prevention and control system for rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources according to claim 5, characterized in that, The width of the bamboo retaining wall on the ditch wall is 10 - 20 cm, the height is 50 - 80 cm, and the length is 20 - 40 cm; the size of the gravel selected for the gravel drop - water layer is 5 - 10 cm, and the thickness of the gravel layer is 30 - 40 cm.

7. The prevention and control system for rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Zhugu dam system is formed by inserting bamboo poles side by side perpendicular to the ditch bottom at positions where the channel turning angle is greater than 30°, and the width of the Zhugu dam system is 10 - 20 cm, the height is 50 - 80 cm, and the length is 20 - 40 cm.

8. The prevention and control system for rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bamboo forest litter includes bamboo shoots and bamboo leaves, which are bound into a cylindrical energy dissipation body by bamboo strips and placed in the channel above the Zhugu dam system, where the diameter of the cylinder is 10 - 20 cm and the length of the cylinder is 30 - 50 cm.

9. The prevention and control system for rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hygrophytes are one or a combination of water dropwort, wild water chestnut, water spinach, bermudagrass.

10. A prevention and control method for rill erosion in degraded bamboo forest land that comprehensively utilizes bamboo resources, characterized in that, Using the system described in any one of claims 1 - 9, the method includes the following steps: S1. Construct the upper catchment runoff dispersion system: Set a water flow dispersion bamboo dyke in the vertical direction along the water flow direction above the rill catchment area, and closely arrange a simple water storage depression on the upstream side of the water flow dispersion bamboo dyke. The bamboo dyke is composed of bamboo poles arranged at intervals, and the water storage depression forms a hydraulic connection with the water flow dispersion bamboo dyke through the gaps between the bamboo poles; S2. Arrange a prevention and control system for gully head headward erosion: Set up a bamboo retaining wall on the gully wall in the headward erosion section of rill erosion, and set up a gravel drop - water layer at the bottom of the bamboo retaining wall, and the gravel drop - water layer extends to the gully bottom to form an erosion - resistant base; S3. Construct a gully energy dissipation system: In the main rill gully, pile up bamboo forest litter at the gully bottom in the upstream direction of the bamboo check dam system, and bundle the bamboo forest litter into cylindrical energy dissipation bodies with bamboo strips, and the cylindrical energy dissipation bodies are arranged at intervals along the gully extension direction; S4. Establish an ecological interception system: Transform the gully within a range of 2 - 3 m downstream of the rill outlet, and form an ecological grass gully by planting hygrophytic plants, and the plant roots of the ecological grass gully form a consolidation structure with the gully soil; S5. Configure a stepped protection system: Set up a bamboo check dam system at different elevation positions along the rill, and the bamboo check dam system is connected in sequence with the systems constructed in steps S1 - S4 along the rill trend to form a stepped protection chain from runoff dispersion in the upper catchment area, gully head protection, gully energy dissipation to ecological interception.

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