Underwater ice penetration simulation test device and underwater ice penetration test method

Abstract

The application provides an underwater penetration ice-breaking simulation test device and an underwater penetration ice-breaking test method, and belongs to the technical field of ice breaking. The device comprises a water tank, a launching device and a projectile support. The water tank is open at the top and is provided with an incident port at the bottom. The launching device is arranged at the bottom of the water tank and comprises a base, a launching support and a first gas gun. The first gas gun comprises a charging chamber and a launching tube. One end of the launching tube is connected with the charging chamber. The charging chamber is provided with a charging port and an air inlet. The launching tube is connected with the base through the launching support to have a first working position arranged towards the incident port. A shunt exhaust port is arranged on the side wall close to the other end of the launching tube. The other end of the launching tube is provided with a muzzle. The inner diameter of the muzzle is smaller than the inner diameter of the launching tube. The projectile support is in a cylindrical shape and is closed at one end. The outer diameter of the projectile support is smaller than the inner diameter of the launching tube and is larger than the inner diameter of the muzzle. The underwater penetration ice-breaking can be effectively simulated, and the technical problem of the accuracy of the simulation test caused by the design of the existing test equipment is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of icebreaking technology, and in particular to an underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device and an underwater penetration and icebreaking test method. Background Technology

[0002] In the current polar exploration process, polar icebreaking is very important for polar exploration operations. For underwater vehicles to navigate and surface in the polar regions, the main threats include ice specimens, near-surface and thick ice layers. However, due to the influence of freezing for many years, polar ice layers are not easily broken and require active icebreaking.

[0003] In related technologies, the mainstream icebreaking method for underwater vehicles still relies on the strength of the hull. This method generates significant vibrations, which can damage internal parts, personnel, and supplies. Furthermore, insufficient structural strength of the underwater vehicle itself can lead to structural damage or low icebreaking efficiency. Therefore, icebreaking via underwater-launched projectiles has become an important research direction.

[0004] Existing ice penetration tests typically employ surface-based ice penetration and water impact tests. However, the hydrodynamic characteristics of launching a projectile into the water from the surface differ significantly from those of launching it underwater, making it difficult to effectively simulate the ice-breaking scenario of an underwater vehicle launching a projectile. Using pneumatic methods to launch the projectile from the bottom of the ice layer also results in some of the compressed gas used as the power source inevitably entering the water upon impact, causing deviations in the underwater trajectory. This affects the final ice-breaking effect and high-speed photography, reducing the accuracy of the experimental results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device and method, which can effectively simulate underwater launch penetration and icebreaking, solving the technical problem of accuracy in simulation tests caused by the design of existing test equipment. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test apparatus, comprising:

[0007] A water tank, with an opening at the top and an inlet at the bottom;

[0008] The launching device, located at the bottom of the water tank, includes a base, a launching bracket, and a first-stage gas cannon. The first-stage gas cannon includes a loading chamber and a launching tube. One end of the launching tube is connected to the loading chamber. The loading chamber is provided with a loading port coaxial with the launching tube and an air inlet for connecting to an external gas source. The launching tube is connected to the base via the launching bracket to have a first working position facing the inlet. A diversion exhaust port is provided on the side wall near the other end of the launching tube. The other end of the launching tube is provided with a muzzle, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the launching tube.

[0009] The sabot is cylindrical and closed at one end. The outer diameter of the sabot is smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube but larger than the inner diameter of the muzzle.

[0010] Optionally, multiple diversion exhaust ports are provided at equal angular intervals around the circumference of the emission tube.

[0011] Optionally, the inner hole of the ejector includes a first section near the opening side and a second section away from the opening side, wherein the inner diameter of the first section is larger than the inner diameter of the second section.

[0012] Optionally, the ejector has sealing ring holes on the outer walls at both ends in the axial direction, and a sealing ring is fitted in the sealing ring holes.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes a sabot separator, which is cylindrical and sleeved on the other end of the launch tube. The end of the sabot separator near the exit port is provided with a coaxial ejector tube that is inserted into the exit port. The end of the ejector tube that extends into the launch tube is provided with a blocking end face that matches the sabot. The other end of the sabot separator is fixedly connected to the side wall of the launch tube by an elastic element.

[0014] Optionally, the base includes a base plate and a side plate bracket disposed on the base plate. The side plate bracket is formed by multiple side plates vertically connected to the base plate. The launch bracket is disposed on the top of the side plate bracket and includes a bearing seat and a steering connector rotatably connected to the bearing seat. The middle part of the launch tube is connected to the steering connector. The steering connector is configured to rotate relative to the bearing seat so that the launch tube rotates between a second working position parallel to the base plate and a first working position.

[0015] Optionally, it also includes a limiting mechanism, which includes a first push rod screw and a second push rod screw. In a horizontal direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the steering connector, the first push rod screw is horizontally inserted through the side plate, and the second push rod screw is arranged opposite to the first push rod screw at intervals and connected to the base plate. The end of the second push rod screw is connected to an I-beam support arm.

[0016] Optionally, the external air source includes a filling / discharging chamber and multiple gas cylinders, the multiple gas cylinders being connected in parallel to the inlet end of the filling / discharging chamber, the outlet end of the filling / discharging chamber being connected to the air inlet, and the filling / discharging chamber being provided with a vent and a pressure gauge.

[0017] Optionally, an electrically controlled switching valve is provided at the injection port.

[0018] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an underwater penetration and icebreaking test method, implemented based on the underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test device described in the first aspect, comprising:

[0019] Step 1: Set up the water tank and inject water and ice specimens into the water tank to simulate the scenario of floating ice on the water surface;

[0020] Step 2: Insert the projectile to be launched into the sabot through the open end of the sabot, insert the projectile and the sabot together into the launch tube through the loading port, and close the loading port.

[0021] Step 3: Adjust the relative position of the launching tube so that the exit port is coaxially aligned with the inlet port at the bottom of the water tank;

[0022] Step 4: Control an external air source to inject instantaneous high-pressure gas into the loading chamber to propel the sabot along with the projectile toward the exit port. Use the exit port to limit the sabot, allowing the projectile to enter the water tank alone through the inlet. Use the diversion exhaust port to divert and discharge the high-pressure gas flow. Observe and collect data on the trajectory of the projectile and its ice-breaking process within the water tank.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0024] The underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device provided in this invention optimizes the structure of the test equipment for water penetration and ice-breaking tests. The launching device for launching the projectile and the water tank for simulating the polar water environment are arranged in upper and lower layers. The base and launching bracket support the launching tube, which acts as the gun barrel, and provide attitude adjustment so that after loading, the launching tube is positioned vertically in the first working position below the water tank, with its muzzle coaxially aligned with the upper inlet. During loading, the projectile is loaded together with a specially designed sabot. The inner diameter of the side of the launching tube near the muzzle is differentiated to match the sabot, and a diversion exhaust port is provided on the side wall. By using the loading chamber connected to an external air source to provide pneumatic pressure, the projectile is launched from the muzzle. The sabot remains inside the launch tube due to the limitation of the change in the inner diameter of the muzzle, sealing the gap at the muzzle. This allows the compressed gas to be laterally diverted and discharged through the diversion exhaust port, preventing it from entering the water tank through the inlet and disturbing the water flow and the trajectory of the projectile. This can simulate the process of underwater penetration and ice breaking, and solve the technical problem of the accuracy of simulation tests caused by the design of the test equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a top view of the water tank provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a first-stage gas gun provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the sabot separator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the sabot separator provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sabot provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the sabot provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the base and launch bracket provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the other side of the base provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the underwater penetration and ice-breaking test method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] In the picture:

[0038] 1-Water tank; 2-Launching device; 3-Ship; 3a-Through groove; 4-Ship separator; 5-First push rod screw; 6-Second push rod screw; 7-Inflation / discharge chamber; 8-Gas cylinder; 11-Inlet; 21-Base; 22-Launching bracket; 23-First stage gas cannon; 31-First section; 32-Second section; 33-Sealing ring hole; 34-Sealing ring; 41-Ejector tube; 42-Clamping block; 61-I-beam support arm; 71 - Vent port; 111-Electrically controlled switch valve; 211-Base plate; 212-Side plate bracket; 221-Bearing seat; 222-Steering connector; 231-Loading chamber; 232-Launch tube; 411-Blocking end face; 2121-Side plate; 2122-Support rod; 2311-Loading port; 2312-Air inlet; 2321-Diverting exhaust port; 2322-Mule exit port; m-Test bracket; m1-Support plate; n-Projectile body. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the water tank provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a first-stage gas gun provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the sabot separator provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the sabot separator provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sabot provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the sabot provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the base and launch bracket provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the other side of the base provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 1 to 10 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device, including a water tank 1, a launching device 2, and a sabot 3.

[0041] The water tank 1 has an opening at the top and an inlet 11 at the bottom.

[0042] The launching device 2 is located at the bottom of the water tank 1 and includes a base 21, a launching bracket 22, and a first-stage gas cannon 23. The first-stage gas cannon 23 includes a loading chamber 231 made of 304 stainless steel and 6061-T5 stainless steel, and a launching tube 232. One end of the launching tube 232 is connected to the loading chamber 231. The loading chamber 231 is provided with a loading port 2311 coaxial with the launching tube 232 and an air inlet 2312 for connecting to an external gas source. The launching tube 232 is connected to the base 21 via the launching bracket 22 to have a first working position facing the inlet 11. A diversion exhaust port 2321 is provided on the side wall near the other end of the launching tube 232, and the other end of the launching tube 232 is provided with an exit port 2322, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the launching tube 232.

[0043] The sabot 3 is cylindrical and closed at one end. The outer diameter of the sabot 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube 232 but larger than the inner diameter of the exit port 2322.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, the underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device needs to be placed in a laboratory with a space having a height difference, or set up as follows: Figure 1The test support m shown is used for installation. The water tank 1 is entirely mounted on a support plate m1 suspended above the test support m. The water tank is made of transparent glass to facilitate external observation and data collection of the projectile trajectory and ice-breaking process after the projectile n is fired. During underwater ice-breaking simulation tests, after setting up the water tank 1, water of a predetermined depth is injected through the top opening, and ice specimens are placed on the surface to simulate floating ice. The inlet 11 at the bottom of the water tank 1 is pre-sealed to prevent ice water leakage. In this embodiment, the inlet 11 is located directly below the water tank 1, and an electrically controlled switch valve 111 is installed on the support plate m1 corresponding to the opening of the inlet 11. This valve can be opened and closed instantaneously by external control to allow the subsequent projectile n to be fired, and then quickly closed after firing to reduce leakage of ice water inside the water tank 1. Next, the launching device 2 below is adjusted. It is fixedly mounted below the support plate m1 via the base 21. During loading, the projectile to be launched is inserted into the sabot 3 through the opening. In this embodiment, the sabot is made of polycarbonate plastic and serves as a guide and limiter for the projectile n as it moves within the launching tube 232 during loading and firing, ensuring its smooth and accurate movement and firing, while preventing scraping and collision with the inner wall of the launching tube 232, thus improving the overall service life of the testing device. Then, the projectile n, along with the sabot 3, is inserted into the launching tube 232 through the loading port 2311, and the loading port 2311 is closed to complete the loading process. After loading is completed, the launch tube 232 is connected and supported by the launch bracket 22. The relative position of the launch tube 232 is adjusted by adjusting the attitude of the launch bracket, so that the launch tube 232 is erected vertically upward directly below the support plate m1. At this time, the exit port 2322 of the other end of the launch tube 232 faces the inlet port 11 from below, that is, it is coaxially aligned with the inlet port 11. At this time, the launch tube 232 is in the first working position. Then, the external gas source is controlled to charge the loading gas chamber 231 with instantaneous high-pressure gas to push the sabot 3 together with the projectile n towards the exit port 2322. By differentiating the structure of the exit port 2322 relative to the launch tube 232, the inner diameter of the exit port 2322 is smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube 232, while the outer diameter of the sabot 3 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube 232 and larger than the inner diameter of the exit port 2322. After the projectile n and the sabot 3 reach the exit port 2322, the sabot 3 is limited by the inner wall of the exit port 2322, and the sabot is stuck and left at the exit port 2322, so that the projectile n is fired into the water tank 1 through the inlet port 11. At this time, the trajectory of the projectile in the water tank 1 and the process of the projectile penetrating and breaking ice can be observed and data collected.Before the projectile n enters the water tank 1, it is separated from the launch tube 232. The compressed gas accompanying its launch and exit will be laterally diverted and discharged through the diversion exhaust port 2321 set on the side wall near the other end of the launch tube 232. The compressed gas that may exist at the exit port 2322 will also be blocked by the stationary sabot 3. There is also a certain gap between the exit port 2322 and the inlet 11 of the water tank 1 above. The compressed gas that may overflow from the exit port 2322 along with the projectile n will also be dissipated before entering the inlet 11, further avoiding any impact on subsequent tests.

[0045] The underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device provided in this embodiment of the invention optimizes the structure of the test equipment for water penetration and ice-breaking tests. The launching device 2, used to launch the projectile n, and the water tank 1, used to simulate the polar water environment, are arranged in upper and lower layers. The base 21 and launching bracket 22 support and adjust the attitude of the launching tube 232, which serves as the gun barrel, so that after loading, the launching tube 232 is positioned vertically in a first working position below the water tank 1, with its muzzle 2322 coaxially aligned with the upper inlet port 11. During loading, the projectile n is loaded together with a specially designed sabot 3. The inner diameter of the side of the launching tube 232 near the muzzle 2322 is differentiated to match the sabot 3, and a diversion exhaust port 2321 is provided on the side wall. After the projectile n is launched from the muzzle 232 by connecting an external air source to the loading chamber 231 to provide pneumatic pressure, the sabot 3 will remain in the launch tube 232 under the limitation of the change in the inner diameter of the muzzle 2322, sealing the gap at the muzzle 2322, so that the compressed gas is laterally diverted and discharged from the diversion exhaust port 2321, avoiding the disturbance of the water flow and the trajectory of the projectile n caused by the inlet 11 entering the water tank 1. This can simulate the process of underwater penetration and ice breaking, and solve the technical problem of the accuracy of the simulation test caused by the design of the test equipment.

[0046] For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, a gap is provided between the outlet 2322 of the firing tube 232 and the inlet 11 below the water tank 1 and the opening of the electronically controlled switch valve 111. The gap is set to be less than the length of the projectile n, so as to reduce the interference of compressed gas and ensure that the projectile n exiting the barrel can stably enter the water tank 1 from the inlet 11.

[0047] Optionally, multiple diversion exhaust ports 2321 are provided at equal angular intervals around the circumference of the launch tube 232. For example, in this embodiment of the invention, two diversion exhaust ports 2321 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axis of the launch tube 232, enabling the compressed gas to be released to be evenly diverted and discharged from both sides, reducing the impact of airflow on the position of the outlet 2322 of the launch tube 232, reducing vibration, and ensuring the firing accuracy of the projectile n.

[0048] Optionally, the inner hole of the sabot 3 includes a first section 31 near the opening side and a second section 32 away from the opening side, wherein the inner diameter of the first section 31 is larger than the inner diameter of the second section 32. Exemplarily, in this embodiment of the invention, the sabot 3 is internally layered with a first section 31 with a larger inner diameter and a second section 32 with a smaller inner diameter. The inner diameter of the first section 31 matches the outer diameter of the projectile n. After the projectile n is inserted, it abuts against the stepped structure formed at the connection between the first section 31 and the second section 32, thus being installed in place. This design, which utilizes only a portion of the sections for installation contact with the projectile n, ensures stable installation of the sabot 3 on the bottom of the projectile n, achieving guidance, separation, and sealing of the muzzle 2322 during firing. Furthermore, the hollowed-out design of the second section 32, combined with the concave section design on the outer wall of the sabot 3, further reduces the overall mass of the sabot 3, lowering the power requirements for firing. Simultaneously, it reduces the overall contact length between the projectile n and the sabot 3, reducing the separation time between the sabot 3 and the projectile n.

[0049] Furthermore, based on the above-mentioned design of the sabot 3 structure, a radially arranged through groove 3a can be opened from top to bottom at the opening of the first section 31 of the sabot 3 to further reduce the overall mass of the sabot 3. At the same time, when it is installed in conjunction with the projectile n, the through groove 3a structure can also allow the plastic sabot 3 to undergo a certain degree of expansion and deformation to facilitate the insertion of the projectile n.

[0050] Optionally, the sabot 3 has sealing ring holes 33 on its outer side walls at both ends in the axial direction, and sealing rings 34 are fitted in the sealing ring holes 33. Exemplarily, in this embodiment of the invention, sealing rings 34 are nested in the sealing ring holes 33 at both ends of the sabot 3 in the axial direction to seal any gaps that may exist between the sabot 3 and the inner wall of the launch tube 232, so as to prevent compressed gas from leaking out of the exit port 2322 through the gap during the exit of the projectile n, and instead, it is laterally diverted and discharged through the diversion exhaust port 2321.

[0051] Optionally, it also includes a sabot separator 4, which is cylindrical and sleeved on the other end of the launching tube 232. The end of the sabot separator 4 near the exit port 2322 is provided with a coaxial ejector tube 41 that is inserted into the exit port 2322. The end of the ejector tube 41 that extends into the launching tube 232 is provided with a blocking end face 411 that matches the sabot 3. The other end of the sabot separator 4 is connected to the side wall of the launching tube 232 through an elastic element. For example, in this embodiment of the invention, an external sabot separator 4 is installed at the exit port 2322 of the launch tube 232. The ejector tube 41, fitted at the exit port 2322, serves as the final launch position for the projectile n. The ejector tube 41, matching the exit port 2322, distinguishes the exit port 2322 from the inner diameter of the launch tube 232. The blocking end face 411 blocks the sabot 3, keeping it inside the launch tube 232. This eliminates the need for special shaping of the other end of the launch tube 232 and the interior of the exit port 2322, simplifying manufacturing. Furthermore, the sabot separator 4 is detachably connected to the other end of the launch tube 232, allowing the ejector tube 41 to be replaced according to the required diameter of the projectile n, adapting to different testing requirements and improving flexibility. Furthermore, a clamping block 42 fixed to the side wall of the launch tube 232 can be set at the other end of the sabot separator 4. The clamping block 42 and the other end of the sabot separator 4 can be arranged at a certain distance, and a spring is sleeved on the section of the launch tube 232 between them. This allows the sabot separator 4 and the ejector tube 41 to be buffered and the load dissipated by the spring when subjected to the internal gas and the impact load when the projectile n is launched, thereby reducing the wear of the sabot separator 4 and further improving the stability of the test.

[0052] Optionally, the base 21 includes a base plate 211 and a side plate bracket 212 disposed on the base plate 211. The side plate bracket 212 is formed by multiple side plates 2121 vertically connected to the base plate 211 and surrounding it. The launch bracket 22 is disposed on the top of the side plate bracket 212 and includes a bearing seat 221 and a steering connector 222 rotatably connected to the bearing seat 221. The middle part of the launch tube 232 is connected to the steering connector 222. The steering connector 222 is configured to rotate relative to the bearing seat 221 so that the launch tube 232 rotates between a second working position and a first working position parallel to the base plate 211. Exemplarily, in this embodiment of the invention, the base 21 is fixedly installed to the ground through bolt connection holes arranged on the upper edge of the base plate 211, and three side plates 2121 are distributed on it, vertically connected in sequence to form a rectangular side plate bracket 212 structure with an opening on the top and one side. The overall length, width and height dimensions are 680mm × 640mm × 540mm. The launching tube 232, in its first working position, has its connection to the loading chamber 231 and the external gas source housed within a side plate bracket 212 made of 45# medium carbon steel, providing a certain degree of explosion-proof capability during gas-fired operation. Simultaneously, bearing seats 221 are correspondingly located at the top of the two side plates 2121, with a square-shaped steering connector 222 rotatably connected between the two bearing seats 221. The launching tube 232 passes through the steering connector 222 and is fixedly connected to it via a corresponding connecting structure in the middle section, enabling rotation relative to the base 21. When loading, the entire launching tube 232 can be rotated from its vertically arranged first working position relative to the side plate bracket 212, causing its loading chamber 231 to unscrew from the side opening of the side plate bracket 212, thus achieving a second working position parallel to the base plate 211. In this position, the launching tube 232 is horizontally arranged. At this point, the support rod 2122, which is mounted on the end of the side plate bracket 212, can be removed and supported between the base plate 211 and the loading chamber 231 to keep the launch tube 232 in a horizontal second working position. This allows the test personnel to open the loading port 2311 and load the projectile n and sabot 3 together from the horizontal direction more conveniently and effortlessly, thus improving test efficiency.

[0053] Optionally, a limiting mechanism is also included, comprising a first push rod screw 5 and a second push rod screw 6. In a horizontal direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the steering connector 222, the first push rod screw 5 is horizontally inserted through the side plate 2121, and the second push rod screw 6 is arranged opposite to the first push rod screw 5 at intervals and connected to the base plate 211. An I-beam support arm 61 is connected to the end of the second push rod screw 6. Exemplarily, in this embodiment of the invention, the first push rod screw 5 is horizontally inserted through the side plate 2121 opposite the side opening of the side plate bracket 212, while the second push rod screw 6 is installed on the base plate 211 where the side opening of the side plate bracket 212 is located via a corresponding support member. The depth of the first push rod screw 5 inserted into the side plate bracket 212 is adjusted by turning it, allowing its end to abut against the end face of the filling chamber 231 near the side plate 2121. On the other side of the filling chamber 231, a second push rod screw 6 is used for abutment, achieving bidirectional limiting and fixing, thus securing the launch tube 232 in the first working position and ensuring the stability of the test. Furthermore, by providing a relatively rotatable I-beam support arm 61 at the end of the second push rod screw 6, adaptive rotation allows its two swing arm structures to make multi-point contact with irregular end faces or flanges on the other side of the filling chamber 231, improving support and limiting stability.

[0054] Optionally, the external air source includes a filling / discharging chamber 7 and multiple gas cylinders 8. The multiple gas cylinders 8 are connected in parallel to the inlet end of the filling / discharging chamber 7, and the outlet end of the filling / discharging chamber 7 is connected to the air inlet 2312. The filling / discharging chamber 7 is equipped with a vent 71 and a pressure gauge 72. Exemplarily, in this embodiment of the invention, the external air source is mainly supplied by multiple replaceable gas cylinders 8. A piston-type filling / discharging chamber 7 is connected to the air inlet 2312 of the filling chamber 231, resulting in a simple structure and convenient installation. The volume of the filling / discharging chamber 7 is greater than or equal to 3L, and seven aluminum gas cylinders 8 with a volume of 0.45L are arranged in parallel above it, providing a maximum combined pressure of 30MPa. In this embodiment of the invention, the inner diameter of the launch tube 232 is 20mm, the outer diameter is 40mm, and the length of its acceleration section for the projectile n is 1380mm. With the aforementioned external air source, a projectile with dimensions of Ø10mm×100mm can be accelerated to achieve a water output speed of approximately 100m / s.

[0055] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the underwater penetration and ice-breaking test method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides an underwater penetration and ice-breaking test method, based on... Figures 1 to 10 The ballast track maintenance test device shown includes:

[0056] S1, Set up water tank 1, and inject water and ice specimens into water tank 1 to simulate the scenario of floating ice on the water surface.

[0057] S2, the projectile to be launched is loaded into the sabot 3 through the open end of the sabot 3, the projectile and the sabot 3 are loaded into the launch tube 232 through the loading port 2311, and the loading port 2311 is sealed.

[0058] S3, adjust the relative position of the launch tube 232 so that the exit port 2322 is coaxially aligned with the inlet port 11 at the bottom of the water tank 1.

[0059] S4, control the external air source to fill the loading chamber 231 with instantaneous high-pressure gas to push the sabot 3 along with the projectile towards the exit port 2322. Use the exit port 2322 to limit the sabot 3, so that the projectile is fired into the water tank 1 through the inlet 11. Use the diversion exhaust port 2321 to divert and discharge the high-pressure gas flow. Observe and collect data on the trajectory of the projectile in the water tank 1 and the process of the projectile penetrating and breaking ice.

[0060] The underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device provided in this embodiment of the invention is used in conjunction with the above-described underwater penetration and ice-breaking test method to conduct penetration and ice-breaking tests. The test equipment structure for the water penetration and ice-breaking test is optimized by arranging the launching device 2 for launching the projectile n and the water tank 1 for simulating the polar water environment in separate upper and lower layers. The launching tube 232, which serves as the gun barrel, is supported and its attitude adjusted by the base 21 and the launching bracket 22, so that after loading, the launching tube 232 is positioned vertically in the first working position below the water tank 1, and its muzzle 2322 is coaxially aligned with the upper inlet 11. During loading, the projectile n is loaded together with a specially designed sabot 3, and the inner diameter of the side of the launching tube 232 near the muzzle 2322 is differentiated to match the sabot 3, and a diversion exhaust port 2321 is provided on the side wall. After the projectile n is launched from the muzzle 232 by connecting an external air source to the loading chamber 231 to provide pneumatic pressure, the sabot 3 will remain in the launch tube 232 under the limitation of the change in the inner diameter of the muzzle 2322, sealing the gap at the muzzle 2322, so that the compressed gas is laterally diverted and discharged from the diversion exhaust port 2321, avoiding the disturbance of the water flow and the trajectory of the projectile n caused by the inlet 11 entering the water tank 1. This can simulate the process of underwater penetration and ice breaking, and solve the technical problem of the accuracy of the simulation test caused by the design of the test equipment.

[0061] ‌

[0062] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an” or “a” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “comprising” or “including” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding “comprising” or “including” encompasses all elements or objects listed following “comprising” or “including” and are identical to them, but do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms “connected” or “linked” and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. “Up,” “down,” “left,” “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0063] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device, characterized in that, include: Water tank (1), the top of the water tank (1) is open, and the bottom of the water tank (1) is provided with an inlet (11). The launching device (2), located at the bottom of the water tank (1), includes a base (21), a launching bracket (22), and a primary gas cannon (23). The primary gas cannon (23) includes a loading chamber (231) and a launching tube (232). One end of the launching tube (232) is connected to the loading chamber (231). The loading chamber (231) is provided with a loading port (2311) coaxial with the launching tube (232) and an inlet for connecting to an external gas source. The air inlet (2312) is connected to the base (21) via the launch bracket (22) to have a first working position facing the inlet (11). A diversion exhaust port (2321) is provided on the side wall near the other end of the launch tube (232). The other end of the launch tube (232) is provided with an outlet (2322). The inner diameter of the outlet (2322) is smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube (232). The sabot (3) is cylindrical and closed at one end. The outer diameter of the sabot (3) is smaller than the inner diameter of the launch tube (232) and larger than the inner diameter of the muzzle (2322).

2. The underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diversion exhaust port (2321) is provided in multiple circumferentially spaced angularly around the emitter tube (232).

3. The underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner hole of the ejector (3) includes a first section (31) near the opening side and a second section (32) away from the opening side, wherein the inner diameter of the first section (31) is larger than the inner diameter of the second section (32).

4. The underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ejector (3) has sealing ring holes (33) on the outer walls at both ends in the axial direction, and a sealing ring (34) is fitted in the sealing ring holes (33).

5. The underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, It also includes a sabot separator (4), which is cylindrical and sleeved on the other end of the launch tube (232). The sabot separator (4) has a coaxial ejector tube (41) that is inserted into the exit port (2322) at one end near the exit port (2322). The ejector tube (41) has a blocking end face (411) that matches the sabot (3) at one end extending into the launch tube (232). The other end of the sabot separator (4) is connected to the side wall of the launch tube (232) through an elastic element.

6. The underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The base (21) includes a base plate (211) and a side plate bracket (212) disposed on the base plate (211). The side plate bracket (212) is formed by multiple side plates (2121) vertically connected to the base plate (211) and connected around it. The launch bracket (22) is disposed on the top of the side plate bracket (212) and includes a bearing seat (221) and a steering connector (222) rotatably connected to the bearing seat (221). The middle part of the launch tube (232) is connected to the steering connector (222). The steering connector (222) is configured to rotate relative to the bearing seat (221) so that the launch tube (232) rotates between a second working position parallel to the base plate (211) and a first working position.

7. The underwater penetration and ice-breaking simulation test device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a limiting mechanism, which includes a first push rod screw (5) and a second push rod screw (6). In a horizontal direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the steering connector (222), the first push rod screw (5) is horizontally inserted on the side plate (2121). The second push rod screw (6) is arranged opposite to the first push rod screw (5) and is connected to the bottom plate (211). The end of the second push rod screw (6) is connected to an I-beam support arm (61).

8. The underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The external air source includes a filling and discharging chamber (7) and multiple gas cylinders (8). The multiple gas cylinders (8) are connected in parallel to the inlet end of the filling and discharging chamber (7). The outlet end of the filling and discharging chamber (7) is connected to the air inlet (2312). The filling and discharging chamber (7) is provided with a vent (71) and a pressure gauge (72).

9. The underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, An electrically controlled switch valve (111) is provided at the injection port (11).

10. A method for underwater penetration and icebreaking testing, implemented based on the underwater penetration and icebreaking simulation test apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Arrange the water tank (1) and inject water and ice specimens into the water tank (1) to simulate the floating ice scenario on the water surface; Step 2: Insert the projectile to be launched into the sabot (3) through the open end of the sabot (3), insert the projectile together with the sabot (3) into the launch tube (232) through the loading port (2311), and close the loading port (2311). Step 3: Adjust the relative position of the launching tube (232) so that the exit port (2322) is coaxially aligned with the inlet port (11) at the bottom of the water tank (1); Step 4: Control the external air source to fill the loading chamber (231) with instantaneous high-pressure gas to push the sabot (3) and the projectile towards the exit port (2322). Use the exit port (2322) to limit the sabot (3) so that the projectile is fired into the water tank (1) through the inlet (11). Use the diversion exhaust port (2321) to divert and discharge the high-pressure gas flow. Observe and collect data on the trajectory of the projectile and the process of the projectile penetrating and breaking ice in the water tank (1).

Images