In-situ microcosm experimental device and method for studying the effects of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms

Abstract

The application provides a device and method for in-situ microcosm experiment of the influence of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, which integrates deep-sea in-situ ecological simulation, deep-sea in-situ environment monitoring, deep-sea mining stress simulation, deep-sea organism collection, blank control and other experimental functions, and breaks through key technologies such as in-situ long-time self-experiment, self-sampling and self-floating without dependence on ROV operation. Thus, the direct in-situ influence of deep-sea mining, including plume re-deposition, heavy metal ions and strong light source, on benthic organisms and the influence threshold are obtained for the first time. The environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity in the cabin are analyzed, the influence of deep-sea mining on various environmental factors is indicated, the mechanism of the indirect stress on benthic organisms formed by deep-sea mining through changing environmental factors is determined, and thus the long-term monitoring and quantitative research of the influence of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms are solved, and the maturation process of deep-sea mining from trial mining stage to commercial mining is promoted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of deep-sea exploration, in particular, relates to a deep-sea mining impact on benthic organisms in-situ microcosm experimental device and method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Deep-sea benthic organisms refer to organisms that live in deep-sea basins or seabed environments throughout their life cycle, and are a key primary group of deep-sea ecosystems. During deep-sea mining, the activities of seabed mining machines can increase the concentration of heavy metals in the local area, cause plume resedimentation, and produce strong light sources, which can have irreversible effects on the sensitive and fragile deep-sea ecosystem. Studies have shown that the increase in the concentration of heavy metal ions in the deep-sea environment can directly poison the nervous system of benthic organisms, causing oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Plume resedimentation can bury benthic organisms and block their respiratory and feeding organs, thereby suppressing the respiratory function and feeding capacity of benthic organisms. Strong light sources can interfere with the photosystem of benthic organisms and destroy the ecological function of bioluminescence. How to effectively evaluate the mechanism of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms has always been a research frontier for scholars and an important cornerstone for deep-sea mining to move from trial mining to commercial mining.

[0003] Although the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms has been evaluated at home and abroad, there is no scientific evidence to determine the response threshold of in-situ benthic organisms to heavy metal concentration, plume resedimentation, and light intensity. On the other hand, the in-situ microcosm experimental device for deep-sea mining cannot meet the long-term monitoring of the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, and there is a lack of quantitative research on the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms. Therefore, it is an urgent need to construct an in-situ microcosm experimental device for evaluating the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides an in-situ microcosm experimental device for evaluating the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms and a method thereof.

[0005] The present application is realized by the following technical scheme: an in-situ microcosm experimental device for evaluating the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, comprising an experimental mechanism, a recovery mechanism, and a retention mechanism;

[0006] The experimental mechanism comprises four experimental chambers, namely a sediment experimental chamber, a light experimental chamber, a heavy metal experimental chamber, and a blank experimental chamber, and is fixed to a respective experimental chamber support. The outer side of each experimental chamber support is fixed with a curved arm sliding groove, the upper part of the curved arm sliding groove is provided with a first spring, the first spring passes through the curved arm sliding groove and is connected to a curved arm connecting rod through an annular joint, and the curved arm connecting rod is fixed with a lower cover through a lower cover support plate.

[0007] The top of the sediment experiment cabin, the light experiment cabin, the heavy metal experiment cabin and the blank experiment cabin is respectively provided with a sediment experiment cabin upper cover, a light experiment cabin upper cover, a heavy metal experiment cabin upper cover and a blank experiment cabin upper cover, and a stainless steel hook is fixedly installed on the sediment experiment cabin upper cover, the light experiment cabin upper cover, the heavy metal experiment cabin upper cover and the blank experiment cabin upper cover, the stainless steel hook hooks a lower cover pin fixed to the curved arm connecting rod, the top of the four upper covers is respectively fixedly installed with an upper cover support plate, the tail end of the upper cover support plate is fixedly provided with a lead block through an annular joint, the upper cover support plate is connected with the experiment cabin support through a second spring, the upper cover support plate is connected with the trigger pin through a stainless steel sheet, and the inner sides of the four experiment cabin supports are respectively fixed on the same piston main shaft through the lead block; the sediment experiment cabin upper cover and the heavy metal experiment cabin upper cover are respectively fixed with a one-way valve, one end of a sediment injection pipe and a heavy metal injection pipe is connected to the sediment experiment cabin upper cover and the heavy metal experiment cabin upper cover, the middle and rear parts of the sediment injection pipe and the heavy metal injection pipe are respectively connected with a sediment solution sample bag and a heavy metal solution sample bag through the tail ends of a sediment peristaltic pump and a heavy metal peristaltic pump, the bottom center of the light experiment cabin upper cover is fixedly provided with a searchlight, the inside of the light experiment cabin upper cover is provided with a light power supply wire connected with the searchlight, and the inside of the four experiment cabins is hung with a multi-parameter water quality tester.

[0008] The recovery mechanism comprises a lifting ring, a piston outer shaft, a beacon, a plurality of glass floating balls, a recovery frame and an acoustic release; the frame of the recovery frame is fixedly provided with the piston outer shaft at the center of the inside, the piston outer shaft and the piston main shaft are connected through a piston mechanism, the piston main shaft is fixed with the sediment experiment cabin, the light experiment cabin, the heavy metal experiment cabin and the blank experiment cabin through the lead block; the sediment peristaltic pump, the heavy metal peristaltic pump, the sediment solution sample bag, the heavy metal solution sample bag and the light power supply wire are fixed to the bottom of the recovery frame; the beacon is fixed to the top of the recovery frame, the bottom of the recovery frame is further fixedly provided with a battery compartment and a deep-sea camera, the battery compartment is connected with the searchlight, the sediment peristaltic pump, the heavy metal peristaltic pump and the deep-sea camera through the light power supply wire, the sediment peristaltic pump power supply wire, the heavy metal peristaltic pump power supply wire and the deep-sea camera power supply wire respectively, the inside of the recovery frame is provided with the glass floating balls to provide buoyancy, the acoustic release has two acoustic releases fixed to the positions on both sides of the bottom of the recovery frame, and the lower end of the acoustic release is connected with an iron chain; the lifting ring is fixed to the top center position of the piston outer shaft.

[0009] The setting mechanism comprises four disc landing feet, screw holes, a setting frame, a setting table, a grommet and an iron chain, the top of the setting frame is a square frame, the four corners of the square frame are downwardly and obliquely extended to the bottom end and connected with the disc landing feet, the setting table is fixed above the top of the setting frame, the grommet has two grommets fixed to the two sides of the setting table, and the iron chain passes through the grommet so that the acoustic release is connected with the setting mechanism through the iron chain.

[0010] As a preferred scheme, the screw holes are vertically and penetratingly arranged in the disc landing feet

[0011] A method for in-situ microcosm experiment device of deep-sea mining impact on benthic organisms, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step S1, the experimental device reaches the designated experimental sea area with the research vessel, the electrical equipment is charged and calibrated, the four experimental cabins are cleaned and fixed on the experimental cabin support, the sediment solution sample bag and the heavy metal solution sample bag are filled with sediment solution and heavy metal solution, all the upper and lower covers are in the open state, the recovery mechanism is connected to the ring of the retention mechanism through the iron chain connected by the acoustic release, the appropriate disc landing feet are added or reduced, and the experimental device is completed;

[0013] Step S2, the experimental device is released by the cable of the research vessel through the lifting ring, the experimental device continuously dives due to gravitational potential energy, the experimental device lands on the seabed, the experimental cabin is inserted into the seabed mud, the seabed provides upward support force, the piston main shaft stops moving, the piston outer shaft continues to move downward due to gravitational potential energy and kinetic potential energy, thereby impacting the trigger pin fixed to the piston main shaft, the trigger pin tilts outward, the stainless steel sheet is separated from the trigger pin, the upper cover is closed due to the action of the second spring, the stainless steel hook fixed to the upper cover is separated from the lower cover pin at the same time, the lower cover is buckled to the ground by the action of the first spring, the curved arm sliding groove and the curved arm connecting rod, on the other hand, the piston mechanism plays a buffering role for the landing of the experimental cabin;

[0014] Step S3, the sediment peristaltic pump and the heavy metal peristaltic pump rotate, the sediment solution and the heavy metal solution in the sediment sample bag and the heavy metal sample bag are pumped into the sediment experimental cabin and the heavy metal experimental cabin through the sediment injection pipe and the heavy metal injection pipe, the one-way valve can realize pressure communication between the inside and outside of the experimental cabin, the rotation speed and time of the sediment peristaltic pump and the heavy metal peristaltic pump are controllable, the pumping speed and volume of the sediment solution and the heavy metal solution can be controlled, and reciprocating circulation can also be performed, and after the designed injection amount is stopped, stress culture experiment is performed; the searchlight emits strong artificial light in the light experimental cabin, the light intensity and duration of the searchlight are controllable, the light stress culture experiment can be continuously performed, or the stress culture experiment can be performed after the light stress is fixed for a period of time; the multi-parameter water quality tester in the experimental cabin records the whole process to obtain the environmental factor parameter changes in the experimental cabin during the experiment, including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity; the deep-sea camera records the whole process during the experiment to obtain the behavioral data of benthic organisms under the stress of sediment, heavy metal and strong light source;

[0015] Step S4, after the experimental period, the iron chain is disconnected by using the acoustic release, the glass float ball provides buoyancy, the recovery mechanism is separated from the holding mechanism and floats up, the experimental cabin is pulled out of the seabed mud, the benthic organisms after stress and the seabed mud are adsorbed in the experimental cabin, the lower cover completely seals the lower end of the experimental cabin; the recovery mechanism carries the benthic organisms after stress and the seabed mud sample to the sea surface, the beacon sends a positioning signal to guide the salvage of the research ship, or the ROV is used to cooperate with the hook to salvage the experimental device as a whole to save cost;

[0016] Step S5, the experimental device is salvaged by the cable of the research ship through the lifting ring, and when the experimental device is placed on the clamping plate of the research ship, the upper and lower covers of the experimental cabin are opened by using the circular iron plate, the benthic organisms after stress and the seabed mud in the experimental cabin are supported, and the experimental cabin is moved out. The multi-parameter water quality tester in different experimental cabins is taken out to export the environmental factor data of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity, the seabed mud is screened by using a 0.5mm aperture screen to obtain large benthic animals, the seabed mud is screened by using a 0.042mm aperture screen to obtain small benthic animals, or part of the quantitative seabed mud is wrapped in tin paper and placed in a liquid nitrogen tank for sequencing research on benthic microorganisms after landing.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the device has the following beneficial effects: the device fills the technical gap of in-situ microcosm experiment on the influence of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, integrates deep-sea in-situ ecological simulation, deep-sea in-situ environmental monitoring, deep-sea mining stress simulation, deep-sea biological collection, blank control and other experimental functions, breaks through key technologies such as in-situ long-time self-experiment, self-sampling and self-floating without relying on ROV operation, and thus for the first time obtains the direct in-situ influence of deep-sea mining including plume re-deposition, heavy metal ions and strong light source on benthic organisms and the influence threshold, analyzes the environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity in the analysis cabin, shows the influence of deep-sea mining on various environmental factors, determines the mechanism of the indirect stress of benthic organisms formed by deep-sea mining through changing environmental factors in addition to the direct influence, solves the problems such as long-term monitoring and quantitative research of the influence of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, and promotes the maturation process of deep-sea mining from the trial mining stage to commercial mining.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the application will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment, particularly when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the application will become apparent and be readily understood from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the application;

[0021] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overall planar structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a bottom-view structural diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the trigger pin of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the blank experimental chamber of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sediment experimental chamber of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light-illumination experimental chamber of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the heavy metal experimental chamber of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0029] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0030] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 8 The in-situ microcosm experimental apparatus and method for studying the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms according to embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.

[0031] like Figures 2 to 8 As shown, this invention proposes an in-situ microcosm experimental device for the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, including an experimental mechanism, a recovery mechanism, and a retention mechanism.

[0032] The experimental apparatus comprises four experimental chambers: a sediment experimental chamber 17, a light-induced experimental chamber 18, a heavy metal experimental chamber 19, and a blank experimental chamber 20. Each chamber is fixed to its respective experimental chamber support 34. A curved arm slide groove 33 is fixed to the outer side of each experimental chamber support 34. A first spring 26 is installed on the curved arm slide groove 33. The first spring 26 passes through the curved arm slide groove 33 and is connected to the curved arm connecting rod 31 by a ring joint. A lower cover 30 is fixed to the curved arm connecting rod 31 by a lower cover support plate 29.

[0033] The top of the sediment experiment chamber 17, the light experiment chamber 18, the heavy metal experiment chamber 19 and the blank experiment chamber 20 is respectively provided with a sediment experiment chamber upper cover 40, a light experiment chamber upper cover 43, a heavy metal experiment chamber upper cover 48 and a blank experiment chamber upper cover 23, and the sediment experiment chamber upper cover 40, the light experiment chamber upper cover 43, the heavy metal experiment chamber upper cover 48 and the blank experiment chamber upper cover 23 are all fixedly installed with a stainless steel hook 27, the stainless steel hook 27 hooks a lower cover pin 28 fixed to the curved arm connecting rod 31, the top of the four upper covers is respectively fixedly installed with an upper cover support plate 49, the end of the upper cover support plate 49 is fixedly installed with a lead block 25 through a ring joint, the upper cover support plate 49 is connected with the experiment chamber support 34 through the second spring 24, the upper cover support plate 49 is connected with the trigger pin 22 through the stainless steel sheet 21, and the inner sides of the four experiment chamber supports 34 are respectively fixed to the same piston main shaft 13 through the lead block 25; the sediment experiment chamber upper cover 40 and the heavy metal experiment chamber upper cover 48 are respectively fixed with a one-way valve 38, the sediment experiment chamber upper cover 40 and the heavy metal experiment chamber upper cover 48 are respectively connected with one end of a sediment injection pipe 37 and a heavy metal injection pipe 46, the middle and rear parts of the sediment injection pipe 37 and the heavy metal injection pipe 46 are respectively connected with a sediment solution sample bag 36 and a heavy metal solution sample bag 45 at the ends of a sediment peristaltic pump 35 and a heavy metal peristaltic pump 44, the bottom center of the light experiment chamber upper cover 43 is fixedly installed with a searchlight 42, the inside of the light experiment chamber upper cover 43 is provided with a light power supply wire 41 connected with the searchlight 42, and the inside of the four experiment chambers is all hung with a multi-parameter water quality tester 32 for obtaining the changes of environmental factor parameters such as in-situ temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity during the experiment;

[0034] The recovery mechanism comprises a lifting ring 1, a piston outer shaft 2, a beacon 3, a plurality of glass float balls 4, a recovery frame 5 and an acoustic releaser 6; the recovery frame 5 is internally fixed with the piston outer shaft 2 at the center of the frame, the piston outer shaft 2 is connected with a piston main shaft 13 through a piston mechanism, the piston main shaft 13 is fixed with a sediment experiment cabin 17, an illumination experiment cabin 18, a heavy metal experiment cabin 19 and a blank experiment cabin 20 through lead blocks 25; a battery compartment 10, a sediment peristaltic pump 35, a heavy metal peristaltic pump 44, a sediment solution sample bag 36, a heavy metal solution sample bag 45 and a light power supply line 41 are fixed at the bottom of the recovery frame 5; the beacon 3 is fixed at the top of the recovery frame 5, and the battery compartment 10 and a deep-sea camera 11 are also fixed and installed at the bottom of the recovery frame 5; the battery compartment 10 is connected with a searchlight 42, the sediment peristaltic pump 35, the heavy metal peristaltic pump 44 and the deep-sea camera 11 through the light power supply line 41, a sediment peristaltic pump power supply line 39, a heavy metal peristaltic pump power supply line 47 and a deep-sea camera power supply line 12 respectively to supply power to the above-mentioned equipment; the recovery frame 5 is internally provided with the glass float balls 4 to provide buoyancy, the acoustic releaser 6 has two acoustic releasers respectively fixed at two sides of the bottom of the recovery frame 5 to receive acoustic release signals, and the acoustic releaser 6 is connected with the iron chain 7 at the lower end; the lifting ring 1 is fixed at the top center position of the piston outer shaft 2, and the lifting ring 1 mainly has two functions, one is that the device can be directly hooked and fished when the recovery mechanism floats to the sea surface after completing the experiment, and the other is that the device can be fished by using the ROV in cooperation with the hook in case of emergency; the beacon 3 is used to emit positioning on the sea surface so as to guide the salvage of the scientific research ship;

[0035] The setting mechanism comprises four disc landing feet 15, screw holes 16, a setting frame 14, a setting table 9, a grommet 8 and an iron chain 7; the setting frame 14 has a square frame at the top, and four corners of the square frame are downwardly inclined and extended to the bottom to be connected with the disc landing feet 15; the setting table 9 is fixed above the top of the setting frame 14; the grommet 8 has two grommets respectively fixed at two sides of the setting table 9; the iron chain 7 passes through the grommet 8 so that the acoustic releaser 6 is connected with the setting mechanism through the iron chain 7; the setting frame 14 plays a role of counterweight and landing; the screw holes 16 are vertically and penetratively arranged in the disc landing feet 15; the screw holes 16 can reduce the water resistance when the device is submerged, and the disc landing feet 15 can be increased or decreased through bolts to change the weight of the device, so as to change the diving speed and control the depth of the experiment cabin inserted into the seabed mud.

[0036] The use process of the in-situ microcosm experimental device for deep-sea mining impact on benthic organisms comprises the following steps: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the specific steps are as follows:

[0037] Step S1, the experimental device with the scientific research ship arrives at the designated experimental sea area, the power supply equipment is charged and calibrated, the four experimental cabins are cleaned and fixed on the experimental cabin support 34, the sediment solution sample bag 36 and the heavy metal solution sample bag 45 are filled with sediment solution and heavy metal solution, all the upper and lower covers are in the open state, the recovery mechanism is connected with the grommet of the retention mechanism through the iron chain 7 connected with the acoustic release 6, the appropriate disc landing foot 15 is increased or decreased, and the experimental device is completed;

[0038] Step S2, the experimental device is released by the cable of the scientific research ship through the lifting ring 1, the experimental device continuously dives due to the gravitational potential energy, the experimental device lands on the seabed, the experimental cabin is inserted into the seabed mud, the seabed provides upward supporting force, the piston main shaft 13 stops moving, the piston outer shaft 2 continues to move downward due to the gravitational potential energy and the kinetic potential energy, thereby impacting the trigger pin 22 fixed on the piston main shaft 13, the trigger pin 22 tilts outward, the stainless steel sheet 21 is separated from the trigger pin 22, the upper cover closes the experimental cabin upper cover due to the action of the second spring 24, at the same time, the stainless steel hook 27 fixed on the upper cover separates the lower cover pin 28, the lower cover 30 is buckled to the ground by the action of the first spring 26, the curved arm sliding groove 33 and the curved arm connecting rod 31, on the other hand, the piston mechanism plays a buffering role for the landing of the experimental cabin;

[0039] Step S3, the sediment peristaltic pump 35 and the heavy metal peristaltic pump 44 rotate, the sediment solution and the heavy metal solution in the sediment sample bag 36 and the heavy metal sample bag 45 are pumped into the sediment experimental cabin 17 and the heavy metal experimental cabin 19 through the sediment injection pipe 37 and the heavy metal injection pipe 46, the one-way valve 38 can realize pressure communication between the inside and outside of the experimental cabin, the rotation speed and time of the sediment peristaltic pump 35 and the heavy metal peristaltic pump 44 are controllable, the pumping speed and volume of the sediment solution and the heavy metal solution can be controlled, and reciprocating circulation can also be performed, and after the designed injection amount is stopped, stress culture experiment is performed; the searchlight 42 emits strong artificial light in the light experimental cabin 18, the light intensity and duration of the searchlight 42 are controllable, the light stress culture experiment can be continuously performed, or the stress culture experiment can be performed after the light stress is fixed for a period of time; the multi-parameter water quality tester in the experimental cabin records the parameter changes of the environmental factors including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity in the experimental cabin during the experiment; the deep-sea camera records the behavior data of the benthic organisms in the whole process during the experiment, and the behavior data of the benthic organisms under the stress of sediment, heavy metal and strong light source are obtained;

[0040] Step S4, after the experimental period, the acoustic release 6 disconnects the iron chain 7, the glass float ball 4 provides buoyancy, the recovery mechanism is separated from the standing mechanism and floats up, the experimental cabin is pulled out of the seabed mud, the benthic organisms after stress and the seabed mud are adsorbed in the experimental cabin, the lower cover completely seals the lower end of the experimental cabin; the recovery mechanism carries the benthic organisms after stress and the seabed mud sample to the sea surface, the beacon sends a positioning signal to guide the scientific research ship to salvage, and the ROV can be used to cooperate with the hook to salvage the experimental device as a whole to save the cost;

[0041] Step S5, the experimental device is salvaged by the cable of the scientific research ship through the lifting ring, and when the experimental device is placed on the clamping plate of the scientific research ship, the upper and lower covers of the experimental cabin are opened by the circular iron plate, the benthic organisms after stress and the seabed mud in the experimental cabin are supported, and the experimental cabin is moved out. The multi-parameter water quality tester in different experimental cabins is taken out to export the environmental factor data of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity, the seabed mud is screened by using a 0.5mm aperture screen to obtain large benthic animals, the seabed mud is screened by using a 0.042mm aperture screen to obtain small benthic animals, and part of the quantitative seabed mud can be wrapped in tin paper and placed in a liquid nitrogen tank for sequencing research on benthic microorganisms after landing.

[0042] In the description of the present application, the term "a plurality of" refers to two or more, unless otherwise explicitly limited, and the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application; the terms "connection", "installation", "fixation" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, "connection" can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integral connection; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0043] In the description of the present application, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "a specific embodiment" and the like mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present description, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0044] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An in-situ microcosm experimental device for the effects of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms, characterized in that , including experimental institutions, recycling agencies and stay agencies; The experimental institutions include four experimental cabins, namely, a sediment experimental cabin (17), an illumination experimental cabin (18), a heavy metal experimental cabin (19), and a blank experimental cabin (20), and are respectively fixed to respective experimental cabin supports (34). The outer side of each experimental cabin support (34) is respectively fixed with a curved arm sliding groove (33). The curved arm sliding groove (33) is provided with a first spring (26) on the top. The first spring (26) passes through the curved arm sliding groove (33) and is connected with a curved arm connecting rod (31) through an annular joint. The curved arm connecting rod (31) is fixed with a lower cover (30) through a lower cover support plate (29). The top of the sediment experimental cabin (17), the illumination experimental cabin (18), the heavy metal experimental cabin (19), and the blank experimental cabin (20) is respectively provided with a sediment experimental cabin upper cover (40), an illumination experimental cabin upper cover (43), a heavy metal experimental cabin upper cover (48), and a blank experimental cabin upper cover (23). The sediment experimental cabin upper cover (40), the illumination experimental cabin upper cover (43), the heavy metal experimental cabin upper cover (48), and the blank experimental cabin upper cover (23) are all fixed with a stainless steel hook (27) on the top. The stainless steel hook (27) hooks a lower cover pin (28) fixed to the curved arm connecting rod (31). The top of the four upper covers is respectively fixed with an upper cover support plate (49). The end of the upper cover support plate (49) is fixed with a lead block (25) through an annular joint. The upper cover support plate (49) is connected with the experimental cabin support (34) through a second spring (24). The upper cover support plate (49) is connected with a trigger pin (22) through a stainless steel sheet (21). The inner side of the four experimental cabin supports (34) is fixed to the same piston main shaft (13) through the lead block (25). The sediment experimental cabin upper cover (40) and the heavy metal experimental cabin upper cover (48) are respectively fixed with a one-way valve (38). The sediment experimental cabin upper cover (40) and the heavy metal experimental cabin upper cover (48) are respectively connected with one end of a sediment injection tube (37) and a heavy metal injection tube (46). The middle and rear parts of the sediment injection tube (37) and the heavy metal injection tube (46) are respectively connected with a sediment solution sample bag (36) and a heavy metal solution sample bag (45) at the end of a sediment peristaltic pump (35) and a heavy metal peristaltic pump (44). The bottom center of the illumination experimental cabin upper cover (43) is fixed with a searchlight (42). The inside of the illumination experimental cabin upper cover (43) is provided with a light power supply wire (41) connected with the searchlight (42). The inside of the four experimental cabins is hung with a multi-parameter water quality tester (32). The recovery mechanism includes a hanging ring (1), a piston outer shaft (2), a beacon (3), a plurality of glass floating balls (4), a recovery frame (5) and an acoustic releaser (6); the frame inside center of the recovery frame (5) is fixed with the piston outer shaft (2), the piston outer shaft (2) and a piston main shaft (13) are connected through a piston mechanism, the piston main shaft (13) is fixed with a sediment experiment cabin (17), an illumination experiment cabin (18), a heavy metal experiment cabin (19) and a blank experiment cabin (20) through lead blocks (25); a battery compartment (10), a sediment peristaltic pump (35), a heavy metal peristaltic pump (44), a sediment solution sample bag (36), a heavy metal solution sample bag (45) and a light power supply wire (41) are fixed at the bottom of the recovery frame (5); the beacon (3) is fixed at the top of the recovery frame (5), the bottom of the recovery frame (5) is further fixed with the battery compartment (10) and a deep-sea camera (11), the battery compartment (10) is connected with a searchlight (42), the sediment peristaltic pump (35), the heavy metal peristaltic pump (44) and the deep-sea camera (11) through the light power supply wire (41), a sediment peristaltic pump power supply wire (39), a heavy metal peristaltic pump power supply wire (47) and a deep-sea camera power supply wire (12) respectively; the recovery frame (5) is internally provided with the glass floating balls (4) to provide buoyancy, the acoustic releaser (6) has two and is fixed at two sides of the bottom of the recovery frame (5), the lower end of the acoustic releaser (6) is connected with an iron chain (7); the hanging ring (1) is fixed at the top center position of the piston outer shaft (2). The retention mechanism includes four disc landing feet (15), screw holes (16), a retention frame (14), a retention table (9), a grommet (8) and an iron chain (7), the top of the retention frame (14) is a square frame, the four corners of the square frame are downwardly inclined and extended to the bottom end and connected with the disc landing feet (15), the retention table (9) is fixed above the top of the retention frame (14), the grommet (8) has two and is fixed at two sides of the retention table (9), the iron chain (7) passes through the grommet (8) so that the acoustic releaser (6) is connected with the retention mechanism through the iron chain (7).

2. The in-situ microcosm experimental device for assessing the impact of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms according to claim 1, characterized in that The disc landing feet (15) are vertically provided with the screw holes (16).

3. A method for in-situ microcosm experiments on the effects of deep-sea mining on benthic organisms as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Specifically, the following steps are included: Step S1, the experimental device reaches the designated experimental sea area with the scientific research ship, the electrical equipment is charged and calibrated, the four experimental cabins are cleaned and fixed on the experimental cabin support (34), the sediment solution sample bag (36) and the heavy metal solution sample bag (45) are filled with sediment solution and heavy metal solution, all upper and lower covers are in an open state, the iron chain (7) connected with the acoustic releaser (6) is connected with the grommet of the retention mechanism, the appropriate disc landing feet (15) are added or reduced, and the experimental device is completed. Step S2, the experimental device is released by the cable of the research vessel through the lifting ring (1), the experimental device is constantly diving due to the gravitational potential energy, the experimental device lands on the seabed, the experimental cabin is inserted into the seabed mud, the seabed provides upward support force, the piston main shaft (13) stops moving, the piston outer shaft (2) continues to move downward due to the gravitational potential energy and the kinetic potential energy, thereby impacting the trigger pin (22) fixed to the piston main shaft (13), causing the trigger pin (22) to tilt outward, the stainless steel sheet (21) is separated from the trigger pin (22), the upper cover is closed due to the action of the second spring (24) to close the upper cover of the experimental cabin, at the same time, the stainless steel hook (27) fixed to the upper cover separates the lower cover pin (28), and the lower cover (30) is buckled to the ground by the action of the first spring (26), the curved arm sliding groove (33) and the curved arm connecting rod (31); Step S3, the sediment peristaltic pump (35) and the heavy metal peristaltic pump (44) rotate, the sediment solution and the heavy metal solution in the sediment sample bag (36) and the heavy metal sample bag (45) are pumped into the sediment experimental cabin (17) and the heavy metal experimental cabin (19) through the sediment injection pipe (37) and the heavy metal injection pipe (46), the one-way valve (38) can realize pressure communication between the inside and outside of the experimental cabin, the rotation speed and time of the sediment peristaltic pump (35) and the heavy metal peristaltic pump (44) are controllable, the pumping speed and volume of the sediment solution and the heavy metal solution are controlled, or reciprocating circulation is performed, and after the designed injection amount is stopped, stress culture experiment is performed; the searchlight (42) emits strong artificial light in the light experimental cabin (18), the light intensity and duration of the searchlight (42) are controllable, and the light stress culture experiment is continuously performed, or the stress culture experiment is performed after the light stress is fixed for a period; the multi-parameter water quality tester in the experimental cabin records the parameter changes of environmental factors including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity in the experimental cabin during the experiment; the deep-sea camera records the behavior data of benthic organisms under stress of sediment, heavy metal and strong light source during the experiment; Step S4, after the experimental period, the iron chain (7) is disconnected by the acoustic release (6), the glass float ball (4) provides buoyancy, the recovery mechanism is separated from the placement mechanism and floats up, the experimental cabin is pulled out of the seabed mud, the benthic organisms under stress and the seabed mud are adsorbed in the experimental cabin, and the lower cover completely seals the lower end of the experimental cabin; the recovery mechanism carries the benthic organisms under stress and the seabed mud sample to the sea surface, the beacon sends a positioning signal to guide the research vessel to salvage, or an ROV is used to cooperate with a hook to salvage the experimental device and save costs. Step S5, the experimental device is salvaged by the cable of the research ship through the lifting ring, and is placed on the research ship clamp plate. The circular iron plate is used to open the upper and lower covers of the experimental cabin, to hold the stressed benthic organisms and seabed mud in the experimental cabin, and to move the experimental cabin out. The multi-parameter water quality tester in different experimental cabins is taken out to export the environmental factor data of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and turbidity. The 0.5mm aperture screen is used to screen the mud to obtain large benthic animals, and the 0.042mm aperture screen is used to screen the mud to obtain small benthic animals. Part of the quantitative mud is wrapped with tin paper and put into a liquid nitrogen tank for sequencing and studying benthic microorganisms after landing.

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