Abaqus-based design and analysis method for wear-resistant structure of shearer shoe

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of mine machinery, and aims to solve the problem of short stability and service life caused by easy wear of the existing sliding shoe. A coal cutter sliding shoe wear-resistant structure design and analysis method based on ABAQUS is provided, including the following steps: based on the principle of bionics, the observed pit shape of the head of a dung beetle is set in multiple arrangement modes and applied to the surface of the sliding shoe; the arrangement modes of the pits are simulated based on the thermal coupling simulation method of ABAQUS, and the best arrangement mode of the pits is obtained; the parameters of the pits under the best arrangement mode are designed in combination with the abrasive wear test and the orthogonal test, and the best pit surface parameters are obtained; a millimeter-level non-smooth surface type bionic sliding shoe with pits is designed based on the best pit surface parameters; the surface of the bionic sliding shoe is subjected to flame spraying treatment, and a wear-resistant layer of mixed materials of aluminum and tungsten carbide is introduced to the non-smooth surface of the sliding shoe. The present application can improve the load-carrying capacity, wear resistance and thermal stability of the surface of the sliding shoe.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of mining machinery, and particularly relates to a shearer shoe wear-resistant structure design and analysis method based on ABAQUS. BACKGROUND

[0002] The shearer shoe is a key component of the shearer in contact with the track or floor during operation in the mine, and plays a role in supporting, guiding and carrying the shearer. The performance of the shearer shoe directly affects the operation efficiency, stability and service life of the shearer. However, the current shearer shoe is facing many challenges in actual use.

[0003] Firstly, the wear resistance of the shearer shoe is insufficient. In a high-strength friction environment, the surface of the shearer shoe is in long-term contact with coal and minerals, which is easily subject to severe wear, resulting in a shortened service life of the shearer shoe, frequent replacement, increased maintenance costs and downtime. Although existing materials such as high-chromium cast iron and hard alloy have certain wear resistance, they still have the problem of rapid wear under extreme working conditions.

[0004] Secondly, poor thermal stability is also a significant problem of the shearer shoe. The shearer shoe is prone to thermal deformation and softening in a high-temperature environment, affecting its normal work. Thermal fatigue and oxidation in a high-temperature environment can cause the performance of the shearer shoe material to deteriorate, further shortening the service life.

[0005] In addition, the shearer shoe is prone to oxidation and corrosion when working in a mine environment with moisture and corrosive gases, resulting in a decline in material performance and surface damage. Existing corrosion prevention measures are insufficient to completely resist chemical corrosion in the mine environment, and the service life of the shearer shoe is thus greatly shortened. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application provides a shearer shoe wear-resistant structure design and analysis method based on ABAQUS to solve at least one of the above technical problems in the prior art.

[0007] The present application adopts the following technical solution: a shearer shoe wear-resistant structure design and analysis method based on ABAQUS, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Based on the principle of bionics, the observed pit shape of the head of a dung beetle is arranged in multiple arrangements and applied to the surface of the shearer shoe; the arrangement includes a rectangle, a cross or a diamond;

[0009] Based on the thermal-mechanical coupling simulation method of ABAQUS, the simulation of the pit arrangement is carried out to obtain the best arrangement of the pits; the simulation includes the establishment, assembly, mesh division, analysis step setting, interaction and constraint setting, load and boundary condition establishment, and stress and temperature analysis of the shearer shoe model and pin array model;

[0010] The parameters of the pits in the optimal arrangement are designed in combination with the abrasive wear test and the orthogonal test, and optimal pit surface parameters are obtained;

[0011] A millimeter-level non-smooth surface type bionic shoe is designed based on the optimal pit surface parameters;

[0012] The designed bionic shoe surface is subjected to flame spraying treatment, and a wear-resistant layer of aluminum and tungsten carbide mixed material is introduced to the non-smooth surface of the shoe.

[0013] Preferably, the simulation step of the pit arrangement mode based on the thermal-mechanical coupling simulation method of ABAQUS is as follows:

[0014] The models of the coal mining machine shoe and the pin array are established based on the solid works software, the pits on the shoe surface are designed into three arrangement modes of rectangle, cross and diamond, modeling is performed and the step format is converted;

[0015] The established model is imported into the ABAQUS software, the materials of the shoe and the pin array are given, and the model is assembled;

[0016] The mesh element type is set to display temperature displacement coupling, and the mesh is encrypted for the working surfaces of the shoe and the pin array;

[0017] Two analysis steps are created, the first analysis step is static force, and the second analysis step is temperature-displacement coupling;

[0018] The shoe and the pin array are set as surface-to-surface contact, the main surface is the shoe and the slave surface is the pin array, the interaction and constraint are set, and the boundary conditions are set;

[0019] The stress and temperature analysis is performed, and the optimal arrangement mode of the pits is obtained.

[0020] Preferably, in the material giving of the shoe and the pin array, 42CrMn is used as the base material for the shoe, and ZG30SiMn is used as the material for the pin array, the material parameters of the shoe and the pin array are set, the material parameters are given to the cross section, and the cross section is assigned to the shoe and the pin array respectively; the material parameters include density, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity.

[0021] Preferably, the scope of the analysis step is the entire model, the stress components and invariants, equivalent stress, reaction force and torque, contact stress, contact force, node temperature, element temperature, and state are output, the corresponding history output request is established to output the related simulation result data; and the time length of the second analysis step is 5s.

[0022] Preferably, in the process of interaction and constraint setting between the sliding shoe and the pin array, the contact attribute needs to be edited, the friction formula in tangential behavior is selected as penalty, the friction coefficient is 0.4; the normal behavior is "hard contact", and the heat conduction and heat generation are defined, a reference point RP1 is set at the center of the surface of the pin array, the pin array is set as a rigid body, the pin array is coupled with the reference point, and the degree of freedom of the pin array is constrained; another reference point RP2 is set at the center of the working surface of the sliding shoe, and the sliding shoe is coupled with the reference point RP2, and the speed is set.

[0023] Preferably, the setting of the boundary condition includes: taking full constraint on the pin array, applying a load of 10 MPa in the first analysis step, setting the moving speed of the sliding shoe to 5 m / min in the second analysis step on the basis of the load, setting the analysis step time length to 5 s, and taking the form of a table for the amplitude of the motion speed, and the amplitude is linearly increased; a predefined temperature field is set, and the initial temperature is 10℃.

[0024] Preferably, the process of stress and temperature analysis includes:

[0025] In the ABAQUS post-processing visualization interface, XY axis data, ODB field output request, unique node, NT11 node temperature or S stress are selected in sequence; the main nodes of the contact area between the sliding shoe and the rail are selected in the viewport, the simulation result data curve is drawn, and the output results of the node temperature NT11 or the stress are obtained;

[0026] The output stress and node temperature results are copied and pasted into an EXCEL table for further processing, and the processed data are imported into ORIGIN to draw a curve graph, and the best arrangement mode of the dimples is obtained.

[0027] Preferably, the step of designing the dimple parameters in combination with the abrasive wear test and the orthogonal test includes:

[0028] In combination with the abrasive wear test and the orthogonal test, the dimple diameter, depth and center distance are taken as the research factors, the orthogonal test table L4(2 3 ) is adopted, the lowest wear amount is taken as the target, and the solid works software is used to model each group of test parameters;

[0029] The abrasive wear test machine is used for testing, and the weight loss method is used for measuring the wear amount, the wear amount in the experiment is filled into the orthogonal test table, the best dimple parameters are found through range analysis.

[0030] Preferably, after the dimple parameters are designed in combination with the abrasive wear test and the orthogonal test, the sliding shoe surface is pretreated; the pretreatment includes using a chemical cleaning agent or ultrasonic cleaning to remove grease, oxides and impurities on the surface of the base material.

[0031] Preferably, the step of flame spraying the designed bionic shoe surface and introducing the wear-resistant layer of the mixed material of aluminum and tungsten carbide on the non-smooth surface of the shoe includes:

[0032] The aluminum powder has a particle size range of 20-50 microns, and the tungsten carbide powder has a particle size range of 10-30 microns.

[0033] The wear-resistant layer material is prepared by using the flame spraying method: setting the spraying parameters, uniformly moving the spray gun to ensure that the mixed material of aluminum and tungsten carbide uniformly covers the surface of the substrate; naturally cooling the wear-resistant layer to gradually cool the sprayed coating; polishing the surface of the coating and checking the thickness, hardness, adhesion and uniformity of the coating.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0035] The present application improves the wear resistance of the shoe surface by observing the surface of the scarab beetle and applying the dimple-shaped texture of the surface of the scarab beetle to the shoe surface based on the principle of bionics. Based on the thermal-mechanical coupling simulation test of ABAQUS, the optimal dimple arrangement is designed by analyzing the stress field and temperature field of the shoe surface. The optimal dimple parameters are obtained by abrasive wear and orthogonal test. The designed millimeter-level dimple non-smooth surface type bionic shoe has the functions of improving the wear resistance, thermal stability and the like by reducing the contact area of the substrate and the external environment, improving the bearing capacity of the shoe surface and dispersing the contact normal pressure.

[0036] The present application further improves the wear resistance and hardness of the shoe surface by adding a wear-resistant layer by flame spraying, and effectively improves the service life of the shoe, which further improves the working efficiency of the coal mining machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0038] Figure 1 is a diagram of three arrangement modes of dimples in the embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 is a model diagram of the bottom of the shoe in the embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 3 is a thermal-mechanical coupling simulation model diagram in the embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 4 is a stress analysis schematic diagram of a thermal coupling simulation test in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 5 is a temperature analysis schematic diagram of a thermal coupling simulation test in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall process of an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described in combination with the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0045] It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of the specification are only used to understand and read the disclosed content by those skilled in the art, and do not define the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present application, so they do not have technical substantive significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size, which does not affect the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present application, should fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present application. It should be noted that in the present specification, relationship terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity from another entity, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between the entities.

[0046] The present application provides an embodiment:

[0047] As shown in Figures 1 to 6 , a coal mining machine shoe wear-resistant structure design and analysis method based on ABAQUS includes the following steps:

[0048] S1: Based on the principle of bionics, the scanning electron microscope is used to observe that the head of the scarab beetle is in a pit shape, the depth is 10-20 microns, and the longest diameter is 50-100 microns. The pit shape of the observed head of the scarab beetle is set in multiple arrangement modes and applied to the surface of the shoe. The arrangement modes include rectangular, cross-shaped or diamond-shaped.

[0049] S2: Simulation of the best arrangement of the pits based on the thermal-mechanical coupling simulation method of ABAQUS; the simulation includes the establishment, assembly, mesh division, analysis step setting, interaction and constraint setting, load and boundary condition establishment, and stress and temperature analysis of the shearer shoe model and pin array model; the specific steps are as follows:

[0050] S201: Based on the solid works software, the shearer shoe model and pin array model are established, the pits on the surface of the shoe are designed into three arrangement modes of rectangle, cross and diamond, modeling is performed and the step format is converted;

[0051] S202: The established model is imported into the ABAQUS software, the materials of the shoe and the pin array are given, and the model is assembled; in the material assignment of the shoe and the pin array, 42CrMn is used as the base material for the shoe, and ZG30SiMn is used as the material for the pin array, the material parameters of the shoe and the pin array are set, and the material parameters are assigned to the cross section, and the cross section is assigned to the shoe and the pin array respectively; the material parameters include density, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity.

[0052] S203: The mesh element type is set to display temperature displacement coupling, and the mesh element type is C3D8RT. When dividing the mesh, the mesh of the working surface of the shoe and the pin array is encrypted, mainly the working surface of the shoe.

[0053] S204: Two analysis steps are created, the first analysis step is static, general, and the second analysis step is temperature-displacement coupling, the time length is 5 seconds. Set the field output, the scope is the entire model, the frequency is every 0.05 time unit, the main outputs are S (stress component and invariant), MISES (equivalent stress), RF (reaction force and torque), CSTRESS (contact stress), CFORCE (contact force), NT (node temperature), TEMP (element temperature), STATUS (status), and corresponding history output requests are established to output related simulation result data.

[0054] S205: The shoe and the pin array are set as surface-to-surface contact, the main surface is the shoe and the from surface is the pin array, at this time the contact attribute needs to be edited, the friction formula in the tangential behavior is selected as penalty, the friction coefficient is 0.4. The normal behavior is "hard contact", and appropriate heat conduction and heat generation are defined, and a reference point RP1 is set on the surface center of the pin array, the pin array is set as a rigid body, and the pin array is coupled with the reference point to constrain the degrees of freedom of the pin array. Another reference point RP2 is set on the working surface center of the shoe, and the shoe is coupled with the reference point RP2 to set the speed.

[0055] S206: Boundary condition setting: pin row takes full constraint, in order to facilitate convergence in the calculation process, only 10 MPa load is applied in the first analysis step, in the second analysis step, on the basis of the load, the moving speed of the sliding shoe is set to 5 m / min, the analysis step time length is set to 5 s, the motion speed amplitude is taken in the form of table, and the amplitude is linearly increased. Set the predefined temperature field, and the initial temperature is 10℃.

[0056] S207: Perform stress and temperature analysis to obtain the optimal arrangement of the pits.

[0057] In the ABAQUS post-processing visualization interface, select XY axis data, ODB field output request, unique node, NT11 node temperature or S stress in turn. Select the main nodes of the sliding shoe and the track contact area in the viewport, draw the simulation result data curve, and obtain the output results of node temperature NT11 or stress.

[0058] In order to facilitate data processing and obtain clearer and more beautiful data curves, the output stress and node temperature results are copied and pasted into an EXCEL table for further processing. Then, the processed data is imported into ORIGIN to draw a curve graph, realizing the visualization of the data and making the data comparison and analysis more intuitive.

[0059] S3: Combine abrasive wear test and orthogonal test to design parameters of pits under the optimal arrangement, and obtain the optimal pit surface parameters; including the following steps:

[0060] S301: Combine abrasive wear test and orthogonal test, take the pit diameter, depth and center distance as the research factors, adopt L4(2 3 ) orthogonal test table, take the lowest wear as the target, and use solid works software to model each group of test parameters;

[0061] S302: Use abrasive wear testing machine for test, and use weight loss method for wear measurement, fill the wear in the experiment into the orthogonal test table, find the best pit parameters through range analysis.

[0062] S4: Surface pretreatment of the sliding shoe; the pretreatment includes using chemical cleaning agent or ultrasonic cleaning to remove grease, oxides and other impurities on the surface of the substrate.

[0063] S5: Preparation of wear-resistant layer material: mix aluminum and tungsten carbide in a mass ratio of 6-8:4-2, the particle size range of aluminum powder is 20-50 microns. The particle size range of tungsten carbide powder is 10-30 microns. The wear-resistant layer material is prepared.

[0064] S6: Use flame spraying method to prepare the wear-resistant layer material:

[0065] S601: Preparation of the test equipment, the test equipment uses a high-velocity oxy-fuel spray gun, uses kerosene or propane as fuel, and oxygen as combustion-supporting gas.

[0066] S602: Open the gas and oxygen cylinders, adjust the gas flow to stabilize the flame, and use the HVOF spray gun ignition device to ignite the gas flame.

[0067] S603: Set the spraying parameters: flame temperature: about 3000℃, ensure high enough temperature to melt aluminum powder and heat tungsten carbide particles. Spray distance: keep the distance between the spray gun and the substrate surface at 200-300mm. Powder feeding rate: adjust according to the particle size and mixing ratio of the powder, usually 10-50g / min. Gun moving speed: keep at 500-1000mm / min to ensure uniform coverage and appropriate coating thickness. Gas flow: oxygen flow is about 800-1200L / min, fuel flow is about 200-300ml / min.

[0068] S604: Move the spray gun evenly to ensure that the aluminum and tungsten carbide mixed material is evenly covered on the substrate surface. Usually the thickness of each layer is 0.1-0.2mm, and multiple layers are sprayed to 2mm.

[0069] S605: Allow the wear-resistant layer to cool naturally, and gradually cool the sprayed coating to avoid thermal stress and cracks.

[0070] S606: Post-processing of the wear-resistant coating: polishing: polish the surface of the coating to achieve the required surface finish. Inspection: check the thickness, hardness, adhesion and uniformity of the coating to ensure that it meets the design requirements.

[0071] The following is illustrated by examples:

[0072] Example 1: Original sliding shoe

[0073] Example 2: The method of this example is different from example 1 in that the surface of the sliding shoe is designed into a dimple shape.

[0074] Specifically, S1: By the principle of bionics, it is observed by scanning electron microscopy that the head of the scarab beetle is in a dimple shape with a depth of 10-20μm and a longest diameter of 50-100μm. The dimple shape is designed into three arrangement patterns and applied to the surface of the sliding shoe.

[0075] S2: Design the dimple arrangement pattern based on the thermal-mechanical coupling simulation method of ABAQUS. When performing ABAQUS thermal-mechanical coupling simulation, the following steps are taken: building a model of a three-dimensional part, assembling, meshing, setting analysis steps, setting interactions and constraints, establishing loads and boundary conditions, processing and analyzing specimen results. The specific steps are as follows:

[0076] Step 1: First, the solid works software is used to establish the shearer shoe model and pin array model. The concave pits on the surface of the shoe are designed in three arrangement modes of rectangle, cross and diamond, and modeling is carried out and converted into step format.

[0077] Step 2: The established model is imported into ABAQUS software, and the materials of the shoe and the pin array are given. The 42CrMn is used as the base material for the shoe, and the ZG30SiMn is used as the material for the pin array. The material parameters are density, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity. According to the existing experimental parameters and the parameters obtained from the relevant literature, the material parameters of the shoe and the pin array are set, and the material parameters are given to the cross section. The cross section is assigned to the shoe and the pin array respectively. And the model is assembled.

[0078] Step 3, assignment and division of mesh type: set the mesh element type to use display temperature displacement coupling, and the mesh element type is C3D8RT. When dividing the mesh, the mesh is encrypted for the working surface of the shoe and the pin array, and the main shoe is the working surface of the shoe.

[0079] Step 4, create analysis step: create two analysis steps, the first analysis step is static, general, and the second analysis step is temperature-displacement coupling, the time length is 5 seconds. Set the field output. The scope is the entire model, the frequency is every 0.05 time unit, the main output S (stress component and invariant), MISES (equivalent stress), RF (reaction force and torque), CSTRESS (contact stress), CFORCE (contact force), NT (node temperature), TEMP (element temperature), STATUS (status), and the corresponding history output request is established to output the related simulation result data.

[0080] Step 5, set interaction and constraints: set the shoe and the pin array as surface-to-surface contact, the main surface is the shoe, and the slave surface is the pin array. At this time, the contact attribute needs to be edited, the friction formula in tangential behavior is selected as penalty, the friction coefficient is 0.4. The normal behavior is "hard contact", and the appropriate heat conduction and heat generation are defined. A reference point RP1 is set at the center of the surface of the pin array, and the pin array is set as a rigid body. The pin array is coupled with the reference point, and the degrees of freedom of the pin array are constrained. Another reference point RP2 is set at the center of the working surface of the shoe, and the shoe is coupled with the reference point RP2. The speed is set.

[0081] Step 6: Boundary condition setting: the pin array takes full constraint, in order to facilitate convergence in the calculation process, only load 10 MPa in the first analysis step, in the second analysis step, on the basis of the load, the moving speed of the sliding shoe is set to 5 m / min, the analysis step time length is set to 5 s, the motion speed amplitude takes the form of table, and the amplitude rises linearly. Set the predefined temperature field, and the initial temperature is 10℃.

[0082] Step 7: Perform stress and temperature analysis to obtain the optimal arrangement of the pits.

[0083] Step 7.1: In the ABAQUS post-processing visualization interface, select XY axis data, ODB field output request, unique node, NT11 node temperature or S stress in turn. Select the main nodes of the sliding shoe and the track contact area in the viewport, draw the simulation result data curve, and obtain the output results of node temperature NT11 or stress.

[0084] Step 7.2: In order to facilitate data processing and obtain clearer and more beautiful data curves, copy and paste the output stress and node temperature results into an EXCEL table for further processing. Then, import the processed data into ORIGIN to draw a curve graph, realize the visualization of the data, and thus more intuitively compare and analyze the data.

[0085] Example 3: The method of this example is different from example 1 in that not only the surface of the sliding shoe is made into a pit shape, but also the surface is treated with a wear-resistant layer, and the materials are mixed according to a mass ratio of 8:2 of aluminum and tungsten carbide.

[0086] S1: Through the principle of bionics, it is observed through a scanning electron microscope that the head of a dung beetle is in a pit shape with a depth of 10-20 μm and a longest diameter of 50-100 μm. The pit shape is designed into three arrangement modes and applied to the surface of the sliding shoe.

[0087] S2: The design of the pit arrangement mode is based on the thermal-mechanical coupling simulation method of ABAQUS. When performing ABAQUS thermal-mechanical coupling simulation, the following steps are taken: building a model of a three-dimensional part, assembling, meshing, setting analysis steps, setting interactions and constraints, establishing loads and boundary conditions, processing and analyzing test results. The specific steps are as follows:

[0088] Step 1: First, use the solid works software to establish the model of the coal mining machine sliding shoe and the pin array model, design the pits on the surface of the sliding shoe into three arrangement modes of rectangle, cross and diamond, and convert them into step format.

[0089] Step 2: Import the established model into ABAQUS software, and assign materials to the sliding shoe and pin array. The sliding shoe uses 42CrMn as the base material, while the pin array uses ZG30SiMn as the material. The material parameters include density, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity. According to existing experimental parameters and parameters obtained from relevant literature, the material parameters of the sliding shoe and pin array are set, and the material parameters are assigned to the cross-section. The cross-section is assigned to the sliding shoe and pin array, respectively. The model is assembled.

[0090] Step 3: Assign and divide the mesh type. Set the mesh element type to display temperature displacement coupling, and the mesh element type is C3D8RT. When dividing the mesh, the working surface of the sliding shoe and pin array is encrypted, and the main sliding shoe is the working surface of the sliding shoe.

[0091] Step 4: Create analysis steps. Create two analysis steps, the first analysis step is static, general, and the second analysis step is temperature-displacement coupling with a time length of 5 seconds. Set the field output. The scope is the entire model, the frequency is every 0.05 time unit, and the main output is S (stress component and invariant), MISES (equivalent stress), RF (reaction force and torque), CSTRESS (contact stress), CFORCE (contact force), NT (node temperature), TEMP (element temperature), STATUS (status), and establish the corresponding history output request to output the relevant simulation result data.

[0092] Step 5: Set the interaction and constraint. Set the sliding shoe and pin array as surface-to-surface contact, with the main surface being the sliding shoe and the slave surface being the pin array. At this time, the contact properties need to be edited, the friction formula in the tangential behavior is selected as penalty, the friction coefficient is 0.4, the normal behavior is "hard contact", and appropriate heat conduction and heat generation are defined. Set a reference point RP1 at the center of the pin array surface, and set the pin array as a rigid body. Couple the pin array with the reference point to constrain the degrees of freedom of the pin array. Set another reference point RP2 at the center of the sliding shoe working surface, and couple the sliding shoe with the reference point RP2 to set the velocity.

[0093] Step 6: Set the boundary conditions. The pin array is fully constrained. In order to facilitate convergence during calculation, only a load of 10 MPa is applied in the first analysis step, and in the second analysis step, the moving speed of the sliding shoe is set to 5 m / min based on the applied load. The analysis step time length is set to 5 seconds, the motion speed amplitude is in the form of a table, and the amplitude is linearly rising. Set the predefined temperature field, and the initial temperature is 10℃.

[0094] Step 7: Perform stress and temperature analysis to obtain the optimal arrangement of the concave pits.

[0095] Step 7.1: In the ABAQUS post-processing visualization interface, select Create XY Data, ODB Field Output Request, Unique Node, NT11 Node Temperature or S Stress in sequence. Select the main nodes of the sliding shoe and the rail contact area in the viewport, draw the simulation result data curve, and obtain the output results of node temperature NT11 or stress.

[0096] Step 7.2: For easy data processing and to obtain clearer and more beautiful data curves, copy and paste the output stress and node temperature results into an EXCEL table for further processing. Then, import the processed data into ORIGIN to draw a curve graph, realize data visualization, and thus more intuitively compare and analyze the data.

[0097] S3: Design the pit parameters by combining abrasive wear test and orthogonal test;

[0098] Step 1: Combine abrasive wear test and orthogonal test, take pit diameter, depth, and center distance as research factors, adopt L4(2 3 ) orthogonal experiment table, and take the lowest wear as the target. Use solid works software to model each group of test parameters.

[0099] Step 2: Use the abrasive wear testing machine for testing, and use the weight loss method for wear measurement. Fill the wear in the experiment into the orthogonal test table, find the best pit parameters through range analysis.

[0100] S4: Surface pretreatment of sliding shoe: use chemical cleaning agent or ultrasonic cleaning to remove grease, oxides and other impurities on the surface of the substrate.

[0101] S5: Preparation of wear-resistant layer material:

[0102] Step 1: Mix 8:2 aluminum and tungsten carbide according to the mass ratio. The particle size range of aluminum powder is 20-50 microns. The particle size range of tungsten carbide powder is 10-30 microns. The wear-resistant layer material is prepared.

[0103] S6: Use flame spraying method to prepare wear-resistant layer material:

[0104] Step 1: Prepare the test equipment. The test equipment uses a supersonic flame spraying gun, uses kerosene or propane as fuel, and uses oxygen as combustion-supporting gas.

[0105] Step 2: Open the gas and oxygen cylinders, adjust the gas flow to stabilize the flame, and use the HVOF gun ignition device to ignite the gas flame.

[0106] Step 3: Set the spraying parameters: Flame temperature: approximately 3000℃, ensuring a sufficiently high temperature to melt the aluminum powder and heat the tungsten carbide particles. Spraying distance: Maintain a distance of 200-300 mm between the spray gun and the substrate surface. Powder feed rate: Adjust according to the powder particle size and mixing ratio, typically 10-50 g / min. Gun movement speed: Maintain at 500-1000 mm / min to ensure uniform coverage and appropriate coating thickness.

[0107] Gas flow rate: Oxygen flow rate is approximately 800-1200 liters / minute, and fuel flow rate is approximately 200-300 milliliters / minute.

[0108] Step 4: Move the spray gun evenly to ensure that the aluminum and tungsten carbide mixture is evenly covered on the substrate surface. Each coat is typically 0.1-0.2 mm thick, with multiple coats up to 2 mm thick.

[0109] Step 5: Allow the wear-resistant layer to cool naturally, allowing the sprayed coating to gradually cool down to avoid thermal stress and cracks.

[0110] Step 6: Post-treatment of the wear-resistant coating: Polishing: Polish the coating surface to achieve the required surface finish. Inspection: Check the coating thickness, hardness, adhesion, and uniformity to ensure it meets design requirements.

[0111] Example 4: The method in this example differs from that in Example 1 in that not only is the surface of the ski boot made into a concave shape, but a wear-resistant layer is also applied to the surface. The material is a mixture of aluminum and tungsten carbide in a mass ratio of 7:3.

[0112] S1: Based on the principle of bionics, the head of the dung beetle was observed to be pitted with a depth of 10-20 μm and a longest diameter of 50-100 μm using a scanning electron microscope. The pitted shape was designed in three different arrangements and applied to the surface of the dung beetle.

[0113] S2: Design of pit arrangement based on ABAQUS thermo-mechanical coupling simulation method. The specific steps of ABAQUS thermo-mechanical coupling simulation are as follows: constructing a 3D component model, assembling, meshing, setting the analysis step, setting interactions and constraints, establishing loads and boundary conditions, and processing and analyzing specimen results. The specific steps are as follows:

[0114] Step 1: First, use SolidWorks software to create the model of the coal mining machine's slipper and pin array. Design the pits on the slipper surface into three arrangements: rectangle, cross, and rhombus, and then convert them into STEP format.

[0115] Step 2: Import the completed model into ABAQUS software. Assign materials to the slipper and pins. The slipper uses 42CrMn as the matrix material, while the pins use ZG30SiMn. The material parameters are density, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity. Based on existing experimental parameters and parameters obtained from relevant literature, set the material parameters for the slipper and pins, and assign these parameters to the cross-sections. Then assemble the model.

[0116] Step 3: Mesh type assignment and generation: Set the mesh cell type to display temperature-displacement coupling and the mesh cell type to C3D8RT. When generating the mesh, refine the mesh for the working surfaces of the slipper and pin, with the slipper being the primary focus.

[0117] Step 4: Create Analysis Steps: Create two analysis steps. The first analysis step is static and general, and the second analysis step is temperature-displacement coupling, with a duration of 5 seconds. Set the field outputs. The scope is the entire model, and the frequency is every 0.05 time units. The main outputs are S (stress components and invariants), MISES (equivalent stress), RF (reaction force and torque), CSTRESS (contact stress), CFORCE (contact force), NT (nodal temperature), TEMP (element temperature), and STATUS (state). Establish corresponding history output requests to output relevant simulation result data.

[0118] Step 5: Set Interactions and Constraints: Set the contact between the slipper and the pin to surface-to-surface contact, with the slipper as the primary surface and the pin as the secondary surface. At this point, the contact properties need to be edited. In the tangential behavior, select "penalty" for the friction formula and set the friction coefficient to 0.4. Set the normal behavior to "hard contact" and define appropriate heat conduction and heat generation. Set a reference point RP1 at the center of the pin's surface, and set the pin as a rigid body. Couple the pin to the reference point to constrain its degrees of freedom. Set another reference point RP2 at the center of the slipper's working surface and couple the slipper to RP2, setting the velocity.

[0119] Step 6: Boundary Condition Setting: The pin arrangement is fully constrained. To facilitate convergence during the calculation, only a load of 10 MPa is applied in the first analysis step. In the second analysis step, based on the applied load, the sliding shoe's moving speed is set to 5 m / min, the analysis step duration is set to 5 s, and the speed amplitude is presented in tabular form, with the amplitude increasing linearly. A predefined temperature field is set, with an initial temperature of 10℃.

[0120] Step 7: Perform stress and temperature analysis to determine the optimal arrangement of the pits.

[0121] Step 7.1: In the ABAQUS post-processing visualization interface, select Create XY axis data, ODB field output request, unique node, NT11 node temperature or S stress in sequence; select the main node in the contact area between the slipper and the track in the viewport, plot the simulation result data curve, and obtain the output results of node temperature NT11 or stress.

[0122] Step 7.2: To facilitate data processing and obtain clearer, more aesthetically pleasing data curves, copy and paste the output stress and nodal temperature results into an Excel spreadsheet for further processing. Then, import the processed data into ORIGIN to plot the curves, achieving data visualization and enabling more intuitive data comparison and analysis.

[0123] S3: Design pit parameters by combining abrasive wear tests and orthogonal tests;

[0124] Step 1: Combining abrasive wear tests and orthogonal tests, with pit diameter, depth, and center distance as research factors, L4(2 3 An orthogonal experimental table was used, with the goal of minimizing wear. SolidWorks software was used to model the experimental parameters for each group.

[0125] Step 2: Conduct the test using an abrasive wear testing machine and measure the wear amount using the weight loss method. Record the wear amount in the orthogonal test table and find the optimal pit parameters through range analysis.

[0126] S4: Surface pretreatment of slipper: Use chemical cleaning agents or ultrasonic cleaning to remove grease, oxides and other impurities from the substrate surface.

[0127] S5: Preparation of wear-resistant layer material:

[0128] Step 1: Mix aluminum and tungsten carbide in a 7:3 mass ratio. The aluminum powder has a particle size range of 20-50 micrometers. The tungsten carbide powder has a particle size range of 10-30 micrometers. This yields the wear-resistant layer material.

[0129] S6: Preparation of wear-resistant layer material using flame spraying method:

[0130] Step 1: Preparation of the test equipment. The test equipment uses a supersonic flame spray gun, with kerosene or propane as fuel and oxygen as the combustion-supporting gas.

[0131] Step 2: Turn on the gas and oxygen cylinders, adjust the airflow to stabilize the flame, and use the HVOF ignition device to ignite the gas flame.

[0132] Step 3: Set the spraying parameters: Flame temperature: approximately 3000℃, ensuring a sufficiently high temperature to melt the aluminum powder and heat the tungsten carbide particles. Spraying distance: Maintain a distance of 200-300 mm between the spray gun and the substrate surface. Powder feed rate: Adjust according to the powder particle size and mixing ratio, typically 10-50 g / min. Gun movement speed: Maintain at 500-1000 mm / min to ensure uniform coverage and appropriate coating thickness.

[0133] Gas flow rate: Oxygen flow rate is approximately 800-1200 liters / minute, and fuel flow rate is approximately 200-300 milliliters / minute.

[0134] Step 4: Move the spray gun evenly to ensure that the aluminum and tungsten carbide mixture is evenly covered on the substrate surface. Each coat is typically 0.1-0.2 mm thick, with multiple coats up to 2 mm thick.

[0135] Step 5: Allow the wear-resistant layer to cool naturally, allowing the sprayed coating to gradually cool down to avoid thermal stress and cracks.

[0136] Step 6: Post-treatment of the wear-resistant coating: Polishing: Polish the coating surface to achieve the required surface finish. Inspection: Check the coating thickness, hardness, adhesion, and uniformity to ensure it meets design requirements.

[0137] Example 5: The method in this example differs from that in Example 1 in that not only is the surface of the ski boot made into a concave shape, but a wear-resistant layer is also applied to the surface. The material is a mixture of aluminum and tungsten carbide in a mass ratio of 6:4.

[0138] S1: Based on the principle of bionics, the head of the dung beetle was observed to be pitted with a depth of 10-20 μm and a longest diameter of 50-100 μm using a scanning electron microscope. The pitted shape was designed in three different arrangements and applied to the surface of the dung beetle.

[0139] S2: Design of pit arrangement based on ABAQUS thermo-mechanical coupling simulation method. The specific steps of ABAQUS thermo-mechanical coupling simulation are as follows: constructing a 3D component model, assembling, meshing, setting the analysis step, setting interactions and constraints, establishing loads and boundary conditions, and processing and analyzing specimen results. The specific steps are as follows:

[0140] Step 1: First, use SolidWorks software to create the model of the coal mining machine's slipper and pin array. Design the pits on the slipper surface into three arrangements: rectangle, cross, and rhombus, and then convert them into STEP format.

[0141] Step 2: Import the completed model into ABAQUS software. Assign materials to the slipper and pins. The slipper uses 42CrMn as the matrix material, while the pins use ZG30SiMn. The material parameters are density, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity. Based on existing experimental parameters and parameters obtained from relevant literature, set the material parameters for the slipper and pins, and assign these parameters to the cross-sections. Then assemble the model.

[0142] Step 3: Mesh type assignment and generation: Set the mesh cell type to display temperature-displacement coupling and the mesh cell type to C3D8RT. When generating the mesh, refine the mesh for the working surfaces of the slipper and pin, with the slipper being the primary focus.

[0143] Step 4: Create Analysis Steps: Create two analysis steps. The first analysis step is static and general, and the second analysis step is temperature-displacement coupling, with a duration of 5 seconds. Set the field outputs. The scope is the entire model, and the frequency is every 0.05 time units. The main outputs are S (stress components and invariants), MISES (equivalent stress), RF (reaction force and torque), CSTRESS (contact stress), CFORCE (contact force), NT (nodal temperature), TEMP (element temperature), and STATUS (state). Establish corresponding history output requests to output relevant simulation result data.

[0144] Step 5: Set Interactions and Constraints: Set the contact between the slipper and the pin to surface-to-surface contact, with the slipper as the primary surface and the pin as the secondary surface. At this point, the contact properties need to be edited. In the tangential behavior, select "penalty" for the friction formula and set the friction coefficient to 0.4. Set the normal behavior to "hard contact" and define appropriate heat conduction and heat generation. Set a reference point RP1 at the center of the pin's surface, and set the pin as a rigid body. Couple the pin to the reference point to constrain its degrees of freedom. Set another reference point RP2 at the center of the slipper's working surface and couple the slipper to RP2, setting the velocity.

[0145] Step 6: Boundary Condition Setting: The pin arrangement is fully constrained. To facilitate convergence during the calculation, only a load of 10 MPa is applied in the first analysis step. In the second analysis step, based on the applied load, the sliding shoe's moving speed is set to 5 m / min, the analysis step duration is set to 5 s, and the speed amplitude is presented in tabular form, with the amplitude increasing linearly. A predefined temperature field is set, with an initial temperature of 10℃.

[0146] Step 7: Perform stress and temperature analysis to determine the optimal arrangement of the pits.

[0147] Step 7.1: In the ABAQUS post-processing visualization interface, select Create XY axis data, ODB field output request, unique node, NT11 node temperature or S stress in sequence; select the main node in the contact area between the slipper and the track in the viewport, plot the simulation result data curve, and obtain the output results of node temperature NT11 or stress.

[0148] Step 7.2: To facilitate data processing and obtain clearer, more aesthetically pleasing data curves, copy and paste the output stress and nodal temperature results into an Excel spreadsheet for further processing. Then, import the processed data into ORIGIN to plot the curves, achieving data visualization and enabling more intuitive data comparison and analysis.

[0149] S3: Design pit parameters by combining abrasive wear tests and orthogonal tests;

[0150] Step 1: Combining abrasive wear tests and orthogonal tests, with pit diameter, depth, and center distance as research factors, L4(2 3 An orthogonal experimental table was used, with the goal of minimizing wear. SolidWorks software was used to model the experimental parameters for each group.

[0151] Step 2: Conduct the test using an abrasive wear testing machine and measure the wear amount using the weight loss method. Record the wear amount in the orthogonal test table and find the optimal pit parameters through range analysis.

[0152] S4: Surface pretreatment of slipper: Use chemical cleaning agents or ultrasonic cleaning to remove grease, oxides and other impurities from the substrate surface.

[0153] S5: Preparation of wear-resistant layer material:

[0154] Step 1: Mix aluminum and tungsten carbide in a 6:4 mass ratio. The aluminum powder has a particle size range of 20-50 micrometers. The tungsten carbide powder has a particle size range of 10-30 micrometers. This yields the wear-resistant layer material.

[0155] S6: Preparation of wear-resistant layer material using flame spraying method:

[0156] Step 1: Preparation of the test equipment. The test equipment uses a supersonic flame spray gun, with kerosene or propane as fuel and oxygen as the combustion-supporting gas.

[0157] Step 2: Turn on the gas and oxygen cylinders, adjust the airflow to stabilize the flame, and use the HVOF ignition device to ignite the gas flame.

[0158] Step 3: Set the spraying parameters: Flame temperature: Approximately 3000℃, ensuring a sufficiently high temperature to melt the aluminum powder and heat the tungsten carbide particles. Spraying distance: Maintain a distance of 200-300 mm between the spray gun and the substrate surface. Powder feed rate: Adjust according to the powder particle size and mixing ratio, typically 10-50 g / min. Gun movement speed: Maintain at 500-1000 mm / min to ensure uniform coverage and appropriate coating thickness. Gas flow rate: Oxygen flow rate approximately 800-1200 liters / min, fuel flow rate approximately 200-300 ml / min.

[0159] Step 4: Move the spray gun evenly to ensure that the aluminum and tungsten carbide mixture is evenly covered on the substrate surface. Each coat is typically 0.1-0.2 mm thick, with multiple coats up to 2 mm thick.

[0160] Step 5: Allow the wear-resistant layer to cool naturally, allowing the sprayed coating to gradually cool down to avoid thermal stress and cracks.

[0161] Step 6: Post-treatment of the wear-resistant coating: Polishing: Polish the coating surface to achieve the required surface finish. Inspection: Check the coating thickness, hardness, adhesion, and uniformity to ensure it meets design requirements.

[0162] The wear resistance of the slippers prepared in Examples 1-5 was tested. A friction and wear testing machine was used to simulate service wear tests, and the final wear rate was determined using the weight loss method. The test results are shown in the table below:

[0163] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Wear amount / mg 440 410 385 366 382

[0164] It also includes Table 1: Results of thermo-coupling simulation test; Table 2: Material properties of slipper and pin; Table 3: Distribution of orthogonal test factors; Table 4: Orthogonal test and result analysis; Table 5: Results of abrasive wear test.

[0165] Table 1 Results of thermo-coupling simulation experiments

[0166] Smooth Rectangle Cross Diamond Maximum stress 218.3 MPa 183.3 MPa 177.3 MPa 177.4 MPa Maximum temperature 191.9℃ 165.3℃ 151.7℃ 152.7℃

[0167] Table 2 Material Properties of Slippers and Pins

[0168]

[0169] Table 3. Distribution of Factor Levels in Orthogonal Experiments

[0170]

[0171] Table 4. Orthogonal Experiment and Result Analysis

[0172]

[0173] Table 5 Results of abrasive wear test

[0174] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Wear amount / mg 440 410 385 366 382

[0175] The results of the thermo-coupling simulation experiments in Table 1 show that the maximum stress and highest temperature of the three arrangements of the biomimetic non-smooth surface pits are all lower than those of the smooth slipper, indicating that the non-smooth pit surface can improve wear resistance and thermal stability to a certain extent and reduce abrasive wear and adhesive wear. Table 4, combining abrasive wear tests and orthogonal experiments, optimizes the three parameters of pit diameter, center distance, and depth to obtain the optimal biomimetic non-smooth pit surface.

[0176] Flame spraying was applied to the designed biomimetic non-smooth surface of the skate, and a wear-resistant layer of aluminum and tungsten carbide composite material was introduced into the non-smooth surface of the skate, which successfully improved the wear resistance of the skate.

[0177] As shown in Examples 1 and 2 of Table 5, the wear amount on the non-smooth pitted surface is less than that on the smooth surface, indicating that the non-smooth pitted surface improves the wear resistance of the working surface of the slipper. Examples 2 and 3 show that the flame-sprayed wear-resistant layer treatment effectively improves the wear resistance of the slipper. This indicates that both the biomimetic non-smooth pitted surface and the wear-resistant layer effectively improve the wear resistance of the slipper. Examples 3-5 show that the optimal ratio of aluminum to tungsten carbide is 7:3.

[0178] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A design and analysis method for wear-resistant structure of coal mining machine slippers based on ABAQUS, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the principles of bionics, the shape of the pits on the head of the dung beetle is set into various arrangements and applied to the surface of the slipper; the arrangements include rectangular, intersecting, or rhomboid shapes. The optimal arrangement of pits was determined by simulating the dimpling pattern using the ABAQUS thermo-coupling simulation method. The simulation included the creation, assembly, mesh generation, analysis step setting, interaction and constraint setting, load and boundary condition establishment, and stress and temperature analysis of the coal mining machine's slipper and pin assembly models. The simulation steps for the pit arrangement using the ABAQUS thermo-coupling simulation method are as follows: Based on SolidWorks software, the sliding shoe model and pin row model of the coal mining machine were established. The pits on the surface of the sliding shoe were designed into three arrangements: rectangle, intersection and rhombus, and then modeled and converted into STEP format. Import the completed model into ABAQUS software, assign materials to the slippers and pins, and assemble the model. When setting the mesh cell type to use displayed temperature-displacement coupling, the mesh is refined for the working surfaces of the slipper and pin row during mesh generation. Create two analysis steps: the first is static, and the second is temperature-displacement coupling. Set the contact between the slipper and the pin row to be a surface-to-surface contact, with the slipper as the primary surface and the pin row as the secondary surface, and set the interaction and constraints. And set boundary conditions; Stress and temperature analysis was performed to determine the optimal arrangement of the pits; The process of performing stress and temperature analysis includes: In the ABAQUS post-processing visualization interface, select in sequence to create XY axis data, ODB field output request, unique node, NT11 node temperature or S stress; select the main node in the contact area between the slipper and the track in the viewport, plot the simulation result data curve, and obtain the output results of node temperature NT11 or stress; Copy and paste the output stress and nodal temperature results into an Excel spreadsheet for further processing, and then import the processed data into ORIGIN to plot a curve to obtain the optimal arrangement of the pits; By combining abrasive wear tests and orthogonal tests, the parameters of the pits under the optimal arrangement were designed to obtain the optimal pit surface parameters. Based on the optimal pit surface parameters, a non-smooth surface biomimetic slipper with millimeter-level pits was designed. The surface of the designed biomimetic skateboard is flame-sprayed, and a wear-resistant layer of a mixture of aluminum and tungsten carbide is introduced onto the non-smooth surface of the skateboard.

2. The method for designing and analyzing the wear-resistant structure of a coal mining machine slipper based on ABAQUS according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the material selection for the slipper and pin, the slipper uses 42CrMn as the matrix material, while the pin uses ZG30SiMn as the material. The material parameters of the slipper and pin are set and assigned to the cross-sections, which are then assigned to the slipper and pin respectively. The material parameters include density, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity.

3. The method for designing and analyzing the wear-resistant structure of a coal mining machine slipper based on ABAQUS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scope of the analysis step is the entire model, and it outputs stress components and invariants, equivalent stress, reaction force and torque, contact stress, contact force, nodal temperature, element temperature, and state. It also establishes corresponding history output requests to output relevant simulation result data; and the duration of the second analysis step is 5 seconds.

4. The method for designing and analyzing the wear-resistant structure of a coal mining machine slipper based on ABAQUS according to claim 1, characterized in that: In setting up the interaction and constraints between the slipper and the pin, it is necessary to edit the contact properties. In the tangential behavior, the friction formula is set to penalty, and the friction coefficient is 0.

4. In the normal behavior, "hard contact" is set, and heat conduction and heat generation are defined. A reference point RP1 is set at the center of the pin surface, the pin is set as a rigid body, and the pin is coupled with the reference point to constrain the pin's degree of freedom. Another reference point RP2 is set at the center of the slipper's working surface, and the slipper is coupled with the reference point RP2 to set the velocity.

5. The method for designing and analyzing the wear-resistant structure of a coal mining machine slipper based on ABAQUS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boundary conditions are set as follows: full constraints are applied to the pin row; a load of 10 MPa is applied in the first analysis step; in the second analysis step, based on the applied load, the moving speed of the slipper is set to 5 m / min; the analysis step time is set to 5 s; the amplitude of the moving speed is in tabular form, and the amplitude increases linearly; a predefined temperature field is set with an initial temperature of 10 ℃.

6. The method for designing and analyzing the wear-resistant structure of a coal mining machine slipper based on ABAQUS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for designing pit parameters by combining abrasive wear tests and orthogonal tests include: Combining abrasive wear tests and orthogonal tests, with pit diameter, depth, and center distance as research factors, L4(2) was adopted. 3 An orthogonal experimental table was used, with the goal of minimizing wear, and SolidWorks software was used to model the experimental parameters for each group. The abrasive wear tester was used for the test, and the wear amount was measured by the weight loss method. The wear amount in the experiment was recorded in the orthogonal test table, and the optimal pit parameters were found by range analysis.

7. The method for designing and analyzing the wear-resistant structure of a coal mining machine slipper based on ABAQUS according to claim 1, characterized in that: After designing the pit parameters by combining abrasive wear tests and orthogonal tests, the process also includes pretreatment of the slipper surface; the pretreatment includes using chemical cleaning agents or ultrasonic cleaning to remove grease, oxides and impurities from the substrate surface.

8. The method for designing and analyzing the wear-resistant structure of a coal mining machine slipper based on ABAQUS according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of flame-spraying the designed biomimetic skateboard surface and introducing a wear-resistant layer of a mixture of aluminum and tungsten carbide onto the non-smooth surface of the skateboard include: Aluminum and tungsten carbide are mixed according to a preset mass ratio, with aluminum powder having a particle size range of 20-50 micrometers and tungsten carbide powder having a particle size range of 10-30 micrometers, to obtain a wear-resistant layer material. The wear-resistant layer material was prepared using a flame spraying method: the spraying parameters were set, the spray gun was moved evenly to ensure that the aluminum and tungsten carbide mixture was evenly covered on the substrate surface; the wear-resistant layer was allowed to cool naturally, allowing the sprayed coating to gradually cool down; the coating surface was polished, and the coating thickness, hardness, adhesion and uniformity were checked.

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