Hysteresis separation method and device

Abstract

The invention relates to a hysteresis separation method and device, in particular to the field of magnetic material modeling. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a quasi-static hysteresis loop of a magnetic material; performing area element separation processing on the static hysteresis loop to obtain an area element curve; the size of the area element is the length of a connecting line of two crossed points of the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the magnetic field intensity # imgabs0 #; determining an area element curve expression based on a Preisach distribution function, and performing parameter identification on the expression of the area element curve Sc (H) to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model; determining an irreversible magnetization component, determining a reversible magnetization component based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component, and fitting the reversible magnetization component to determine a reversible magnetization component model; and determining an overall hysteresis model of the magnetic material according to the irreversible magnetization component model and the reversible magnetization component model. According to the method, the model calculation process is simplified, the parameter identification complexity is reduced, and the model precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of magnetic material modeling, and particularly to a hysteresis separation method and device. Background Art

[0002] The hysteresis loop of a magnetic material is an important characteristic curve of its magnetization behavior in an alternating magnetic field, reflecting the reversible and irreversible movements of magnetic domains under the action of an external magnetic field. In related technologies, the modeling methods of hysteresis loops mainly include the Preisach model and experimental separation methods. The Preisach model has a good fitting effect on the irreversible magnetization part, but a poor fitting effect on the reversible magnetization part. The experimental separation method requires measuring multiple first-order and second-order hysteresis curves, which is a cumbersome process and requires high requirements for experimental equipment. In addition, some methods separate magnetization components through overall parameter identification, but these methods have high computational complexity, long time consumption, and limited accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a hysteresis separation method and device, which can simplify the model calculation process, reduce the complexity of parameter identification, and improve the model accuracy.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a hysteresis separation method, which includes: Obtain the quasi-static hysteresis loop of the magnetic material, where the quasi-static hysteresis loop is a closed curve of the magnetic induction intensity B changing with the magnetic field intensity H when the magnetic material is in a periodic alternating magnetic field; Perform area element separation processing on the quasi-static hysteresis loop to obtain the area element curve Sc(H); the area element curve Sc(H) is obtained based on the size of the area element, and the size of the area element is the length of the line connecting the two intersection points of the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the magnetic field intensity intersection points; Determine the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the Preisach distribution function, and perform parameter identification on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model; Determine the irreversible magnetization component based on the irreversible magnetization component model, determine the reversible magnetization component based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component, and determine the reversible magnetization component model by fitting the reversible magnetization component; According to the irreversible magnetization component model and the reversible magnetization component model, determine the overall hysteresis model of the magnetic material, and the overall hysteresis model can predict the hysteresis curves under different excitation conditions.

[0005] In one of the embodiments, performing area element separation processing on the quasi-static hysteresis loop to obtain the area element curve Sc(H) includes: For the magnetic field intensity Perform area element separation on the quasi-static hysteresis loop between, and determine the magnitude of the area element corresponding to each magnetic field strength between ; Based on the magnitude of the area element corresponding to each magnetic field strength between determine the area element curve Sc(H).

[0006] In one embodiment, perform area element separation on the quasi-static hysteresis loop between magnetic field strengths and determine the magnitude of the area element corresponding to each magnetic field strength between , including: Interpolate the rising edge data and falling edge data of the quasi-static hysteresis loop to obtain the falling edge magnetic induction intensity and the rising edge magnetic induction intensity corresponding to each magnetic field strength between ; For each magnetic field strength , determine the magnitude of the area element corresponding to the magnetic field strength according to the difference between the falling edge magnetic induction intensity corresponding to the magnetic field strength and the rising edge magnetic induction intensity .

[0007] In one embodiment, the measurement frequency range of the quasi-static hysteresis loop is 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz; When determining the magnitude of the area element corresponding to each magnetic field strength between , calculate the magnitude of the area element point by point using the magnetic field strength change step ΔH, and the magnetic field strength change step ΔH does not exceed 1% of the magnetic field strength Hs.

[0008] In one embodiment, determine the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the Preisach distribution function, and perform parameter identification on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model, including: Derive the area element curve Sc(H) under the Preisach model to obtain the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), and fit the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) using a set function to obtain the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified; Based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H), parameter identification is performed on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified, and an irreversible magnetization component model is obtained; among them, parameter identification is performed by one of the simulated annealing algorithm and the particle swarm method.

[0009] In one embodiment, the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is derived under the Preisach model, including: Determine the magnetic field strength The intersection point with the descending edge of the quasi-static hysteresis loop; in Part of , the rest , the magnetic induction intensity at the descending edge intersection point Is expressed as: ; Determine the magnetic field strength The intersection point with the ascending edge of the quasi-static hysteresis loop; in Part of , the rest , the magnetic induction intensity at the ascending edge intersection point Is expressed as: ; Subtract the magnetic induction intensity At the descending edge intersection point from the magnetic induction intensity At the ascending edge intersection point to obtain the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) at the magnetic field strength , and the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is: .

[0010] In one embodiment, the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is: Fit the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with a set function to obtain the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified, including: Based on the Preisach distribution density function and And Are independent of each other, and the decoupling result is obtained by decoupling. The decoupling result is: ; Based on the decoupling result and the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified is obtained.

[0011] In one embodiment, the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified is: ; Among them, , , Respectively represent the parameters to be identified.

[0012] In one embodiment, the irreversible magnetization component is determined based on the irreversible magnetization component model, the reversible magnetization component is determined based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component, and the reversible magnetization component model is determined by fitting the reversible magnetization component, including: Determine the irreversible magnetization component at each magnetic field strength point through the irreversible magnetization component model; Subtract the irreversible magnetization component from the loop data in the quasi-static hysteresis loop to determine the reversible magnetization component; Construct a reversible magnetization component model, fit and identify the parameters of the reversible magnetization component model through the reversible magnetization component, and determine the reversible magnetization component model.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a hysteresis separation device, which includes: An acquisition module for acquiring the quasi-static hysteresis loop of a magnetic material, where the quasi-static hysteresis loop is a closed curve in which the magnetic induction intensity B changes with the magnetic field intensity H when the magnetic material is in a periodic alternating magnetic field; An area element separation module for performing area element separation processing on the quasi-static hysteresis loop to obtain an area element curve Sc(H); the area element curve Sc(H) is obtained based on the size of the area element, and the size of the area element is the length of the line connecting two points where the quasi-static hysteresis loop intersects with the magnetic field intensity intersection points; A parameter identification module for determining the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the Preisach distribution function, and performing parameter identification on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model; the parameter identification module is also used to determine the irreversible magnetization component based on the irreversible magnetization component model, determine the reversible magnetization component based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component, and determine the reversible magnetization component model by fitting the reversible magnetization component; A model generation module for determining the overall hysteresis model of the magnetic material according to the irreversible magnetization component model and the reversible magnetization component model, and the overall hysteresis model can predict the hysteresis curve under different excitation conditions.

[0014] The above-mentioned hysteresis component method obtains the quasi-static hysteresis loop of a magnetic material and then performs area element separation processing on it to obtain the area element curve Sc(H). This curve is based on the length of the line connecting two points where the quasi-static hysteresis loop intersects the magnetic field strength H. The Preisach distribution function is used to determine the expression of the area element curve Sc(H), and parameter identification is performed based on the curve data to obtain the irreversible magnetization component model. The irreversible magnetization component is determined using this model, and the reversible magnetization component is determined in combination with the quasi-static hysteresis loop data. The reversible magnetization component model is obtained by fitting the reversible magnetization component. The irreversible and reversible magnetization component models are combined to construct an overall hysteresis model that can predict hysteresis curves under different excitation conditions. This method simplifies the experimental process, reduces the complexity of parameter identification, improves the model accuracy, and provides a reliable basis for the performance prediction and application of magnetic materials. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the hysteresis separation method in one embodiment; Figure 2 is a flowchart of obtaining the area element curve in one embodiment; Figure 3 In one embodiment, for each magnetic field strength between is a flowchart of determining the size of the area element corresponding thereto; Figure 4 is a flowchart of obtaining the irreversible magnetization component model in one embodiment; Figure 5 In one embodiment is a schematic diagram of the integration region at two points where it intersects the hysteresis loop and the size of the area element; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the area element curve in one embodiment; Figure 7 is a flowchart of determining the reversible magnetization component model in one embodiment; Figure 8 is a device diagram of the hysteresis separation device in one embodiment. Detailed Embodiments

[0016] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms involved in the present application should have the general meaning understood by those with ordinary skills in the technical field to which the present application belongs.

[0017] In one embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, a hysteresis separation method is provided, which includes the following steps: Step 101: Obtain the quasi-static hysteresis loop of the magnetic material. The quasi-static hysteresis loop is a closed curve in which the magnetic induction intensity B changes with the magnetic field intensity H when the magnetic material is in a periodic alternating magnetic field; The quasi-static hysteresis loop of the magnetic material is obtained through experiments. The quasi-static hysteresis loop refers to the hysteresis loop measured under quasi-static conditions. Quasi-static means a process with slow state changes and approximate equilibrium. Under quasi-static conditions, when the magnetic material is placed in an alternating magnetic field, its magnetic induction intensity B changes with the change of the magnetic field intensity H, forming a closed curve, which is the quasi-static hysteresis loop.

[0018] It should be noted that under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the magnetic domains will undergo reversible bending and irreversible movement, resulting in the change of the magnetic induction intensity B lagging behind the change of the magnetic field intensity H, thus forming a closed quasi-static hysteresis loop. The shape and area of the quasi-static hysteresis loop can reflect the magnetization characteristics of the magnetic material.

[0019] Step 102: Perform area element separation processing on the quasi-static hysteresis loop to obtain the area element curve Sc(H); the area element curve Sc(H) is obtained based on the size of the area element, and the size of the area element is the length of the line connecting the two intersection points of the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the magnetic field intensity intersecting; To separate the reversible and irreversible magnetization components in the quasi-static hysteresis loop, the concept of area element is introduced. Among them, the size of the area element is defined as the length of the line connecting the two intersection points of the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the magnetic field intensity H, that is, at a certain point on the quasi-static hysteresis loop, find another point with the same magnetic field intensity H as this point, and the length of the line connecting the two points is the size of the area element at this place.

[0020] By extracting the size of the area element at each point on the quasi-static hysteresis loop, the area element curve Sc(H) can be obtained. The area element curve Sc(H) can reflect the change of the area surrounded by the quasi-static hysteresis loop. The area surrounded by the quasi-static hysteresis loop is related to the energy loss during the magnetization process. The reversible magnetization process does not involve energy loss, so the reversible magnetization curve does not enclose an area; while the irreversible magnetization process involves energy loss, and the area surrounded by the quasi-static hysteresis loop is all caused by the irreversible magnetization component.

[0021] Step 103: Determine the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the Preisach distribution function, and perform parameter identification on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain the irreversible magnetization component model; The Preisach distribution function can describe the distribution law of the hysteresis operators inside the magnetic material, and the flipping behavior of the internal hysteresis operators can determine the shape of the quasi-static hysteresis loop. The area element curve Sc(H) is obtained by extracting the size of the area element on the quasi-static hysteresis loop, and the size of the area element is defined as the length of the line connecting the two intersection points of the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the magnetic field strength H. The area element curve Sc(H) can reflect the change of the area enclosed by the quasi-static hysteresis loop. The area enclosed by the quasi-static hysteresis loop is related to the energy loss during the magnetization process and is mainly caused by the irreversible magnetization component.

[0022] By relating the area element curve to the Preisach distribution function and through mathematical derivation, the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) can be obtained. This expression involves the integral of the Preisach distribution function, that is, the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) can be represented as the result of integrating the distribution probability density over a specific region in the Preisach plane.

[0023] After obtaining the expression of the area element curve Sc(H), parameter identification is carried out on this expression. Among them, the purpose of parameter identification is to determine the unknown parameters in the Preisach distribution function so that the area element curve Sc(H) calculated according to the unknown parameters is as close as possible to the actually measured curve data. This process usually uses optimization algorithms such as the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to adjust the parameters until the optimal parameter combination is found, making the error between the simulated area element curve and the experimental data the smallest. The Preisach distribution function obtained through parameter identification can be used to simulate the irreversible magnetization component, and then an irreversible magnetization component model can be established. The irreversible magnetization component model can more accurately describe the irreversible behavior of the magnetic material during the magnetization process.

[0024] Step 104: Determine the irreversible magnetization component based on the irreversible magnetization component model, determine the reversible magnetization component based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component, and determine the reversible magnetization component model by fitting the reversible magnetization component; Determining the irreversible magnetization component based on the irreversible magnetization component model means using the pre-established irreversible magnetization component model to calculate the irreversible magnetization part of the magnetic material at different magnetic field strengths. Determining the reversible magnetization component based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component means subtracting the determined irreversible magnetization component from the quasi-static hysteresis loop data obtained from experimental measurements to separate the reversible magnetization component. Among them, the quasi-static hysteresis loop contains all the information during the magnetization process of the magnetic material, including the reversible and irreversible parts. By subtracting the irreversible part, the remaining is the reversible magnetization component, and the reversible magnetization component can represent the influence of the reversible movement of magnetic domains on magnetization.

[0025] The reversible magnetization component model can be determined by fitting the reversible magnetization component, that is, using a mathematical method (such as the least squares method) to fit the separated reversible magnetization component data. This process aims to find a mathematical expression that can accurately describe the variation law of the reversible magnetization component, and then establish the reversible magnetization component model. The reversible magnetization component model can be used to predict and analyze the reversible magnetization behavior of magnetic materials under different conditions.

[0026] Step 105: According to the irreversible magnetization component model and the reversible magnetization component model, determine the overall hysteresis model of the magnetic material, which can predict the hysteresis curve under different excitation conditions.

[0027] The irreversible magnetization component model can describe the hysteresis phenomenon caused by the irreversible movement of magnetic domains during the magnetization process of magnetic materials, while the reversible magnetization component model can describe the influence of the reversible movement of magnetic domains on magnetization. By combining the irreversible magnetization component model and the reversible magnetization component model, an overall hysteresis model can be obtained that can comprehensively reflect the magnetization behavior of magnetic materials.

[0028] It should be noted that the overall hysteresis model not only includes the area enclosed by the quasi-static hysteresis loop (related to energy loss) described by the irreversible magnetization component model, but also includes the reversible changes during the magnetization process described by the reversible magnetization component model. Therefore, the overall hysteresis model can more accurately simulate the hysteresis curves of magnetic materials under different excitation conditions (such as alternating magnetic fields with different frequencies and amplitudes).

[0029] In this embodiment, after obtaining the quasi-static hysteresis loop of the magnetic material, perform area element separation processing on it to obtain the area element curve Sc(H), which is based on the line length connecting two points where the quasi-static hysteresis loop intersects the magnetic field strength H. Use the Preisach distribution function to determine the expression of the area element curve Sc(H), and perform parameter identification based on the curve data to obtain the irreversible magnetization component model. Use this model to determine the irreversible magnetization component, and combine the quasi-static hysteresis loop data to determine the reversible magnetization component. Obtain the reversible magnetization component model by fitting the reversible magnetization component. Combine the irreversible and reversible magnetization component models to construct an overall hysteresis model that can predict the hysteresis curves under different excitation conditions. This method simplifies the experimental process, reduces the complexity of parameter identification, improves the model accuracy, and provides a reliable basis for the performance prediction and application of magnetic materials.

[0030] In one embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, perform area element separation processing on the quasi-static hysteresis loop to obtain the area element curve Sc(H), including the following steps: Step 201: Perform area element separation on the quasi-static hysteresis loop between the magnetic field strengths to determine the magnetic field strength at The magnitudes of the area elements corresponding to each magnetic field strength in between ; When the magnetic field strength increases from to and then decreases to , the change in the magnetic induction intensity B lags behind the change in H, forming a closed quasi-static hysteresis loop. It should be noted that the area element separation is an analysis method used to extract irreversible magnetization information related to energy loss in the quasi-static hysteresis loop. The size of the area element is defined as the length of the line connecting two points where the quasi-static hysteresis loop intersects with the magnetic field strength H. For each magnetic field strength within the magnetic field strength range , two corresponding points on the quasi-static hysteresis loop can be found. These two points have the same magnetic field strength but different magnetic induction intensities B. The length of the line connecting the two points is the size of the area element at this magnetic field strength .

[0031] Step 202: Determine the area element curve Sc(H) based on the magnitudes of the area elements corresponding to each magnetic field strength in between the magnetic field strengths .

[0032] By selecting multiple magnetic field strengths at a certain step size in between the magnetic field strengths , and calculating the magnitude of the area element at each , a series of discrete area element data points can be obtained. Connecting a series of discrete area element data points can form the area element curve Sc(H). The area element curve Sc(H) can reflect the trend of the area enclosed by the quasi-static hysteresis loop changing with the magnetic field strength.

[0033] In this embodiment, the area element curve Sc(H) can show the trend of the area enclosed by the quasi-static hysteresis loop changing with the magnetic field strength.

[0034] In one embodiment, as Figure 3 shown, for the quasi-static hysteresis loop between the magnetic field strengths , perform area element separation, and determine the magnitudes of the area elements corresponding to each magnetic field strength in between the magnetic field strengths , including the following steps: Step 301: Interpolate the rising edge data and falling edge data of the quasi-static hysteresis loop to obtain the falling edge magnetic induction intensity and the rising edge magnetic induction intensity corresponding to each magnetic field strength in between the magnetic field strengths ; The quasi-static hysteresis loop consists of a rising edge and a falling edge, corresponding to the process where the magnetic field strength H increases from to and decreases from to respectively. On the rising edge and the falling edge, the magnetic induction intensity B changes with the change of H. However, due to the hysteresis effect, the change of B lags behind the change of H.

[0035] To more accurately describe the shape and characteristics of the quasi-static hysteresis loop, it is necessary to interpolate the data of the rising edge and the falling edge of the quasi-static hysteresis loop. Among them, the interpolation method can be linear interpolation, polynomial interpolation or other suitable interpolation algorithms. The purpose of interpolation is to estimate more data points between the known measurement data points, so as to obtain a smoother curve. In the magnetic field strength range for each magnetic field strength , through interpolation, the magnetic induction intensity of the falling edge and the magnetic induction intensity of the rising edge can be obtained respectively. These data points together constitute a detailed description of the quasi-static hysteresis loop.

[0036] Step 302: For each magnetic field strength , according to the difference between the magnetic induction intensity of the falling edge corresponding to the magnetic field strength and the magnetic induction intensity of the rising edge, determine the size of the area element corresponding to the magnetic field strength .

[0037] In the magnetic field strength range , for each magnetic field strength , through interpolation, the magnetic induction intensities and corresponding to the rising edge and the falling edge can be obtained respectively. The size of the area element is defined as the difference between the magnetic induction intensity of the falling edge and the magnetic induction intensity of the rising edge at the same magnetic field strength . This difference can reflect the irreversible magnetization characteristics of the quasi-static hysteresis loop at this magnetic field strength, that is, the energy loss caused by the irreversible movement of magnetic domains. By calculating the difference between and and at each

[0038] In this embodiment, the quasi-static hysteresis loop is interpolated to obtain the magnetic induction intensities of the rising edge and the falling edge at each magnetic field strength and 。By calculating the difference at each position and the size of the area element is obtained, and the area element curve Sc(H) is formed. This method can effectively extract irreversible magnetization information and provide data support for the analysis and prediction of the magnetization behavior of magnetic materials.

[0039] In one embodiment, the measurement frequency range of the quasi-static hysteresis loop is from 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz; When determining the size of each area element corresponding to the magnetic field strengths between the size of the area element is calculated point by point using the magnetic field strength change step ΔH, and the magnetic field strength change step ΔH does not exceed 1% of the magnetic field strength Hs.

[0040] The measurement frequency range of the quasi-static hysteresis loop is from 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz. The selection of this frequency range ensures that the measurement process is under quasi-static conditions, that is, in the low-frequency range, the magnetization process of the magnetic material is mainly dominated by the hysteresis effect.

[0041] When determining the size of each area element corresponding to the magnetic field strengths between the size of the area element is calculated point by point using the magnetic field strength change step ΔH. The magnetic field strength change step ΔH does not exceed 1% of the magnetic field strength Hs, which means that within the magnetic field strength range, the magnetic field strength is gradually increased or decreased using a very small step, so as to ensure that the data points are dense enough to accurately capture the details of the quasi-static hysteresis loop.

[0042] In this embodiment, this high-precision data acquisition method provides reliable basic data support for subsequent area element separation and model establishment.

[0043] In one embodiment, as Figure 4 shown, based on the Preisach distribution function, the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is determined, and based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H), parameter identification is performed on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model, including the following steps: Step 401: Derive the area element curve Sc(H) under the Preisach model to obtain the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), and use a set function to fit the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified; Derive the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) under the Preisach model. This expression is based on the Preisach distribution function and describes the distribution law of the hysteresis operator inside the magnetic material. The area element curve Sc(H) can reflect the change of the area enclosed by the quasi-static hysteresis loop with the magnetic field strength H. Its initial expression is obtained by integrating the distribution probability density in a specific region of the Preisach plane.

[0044] To simplify the calculation and improve the applicability of the model, a set function (such as a Gaussian function or a Lorentz function) is used to fit the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), and the parameters to be identified are introduced. The parameters to be identified can be optimized and determined through experimental data to ensure that the fitted area element curve Sc(H) can accurately reflect the magnetization characteristics of the magnetic material, and an expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with the parameters to be identified is obtained.

[0045] Step 402: Based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H), perform parameter identification on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with the parameters to be identified to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model; among them, parameter identification is performed by one of the simulated annealing algorithm and the particle swarm method.

[0046] Common optimization algorithms include the simulated annealing algorithm and the particle swarm method. Both methods can effectively search the parameter space to find the optimal solution. The simulated annealing algorithm is a stochastic optimization algorithm based on the physical annealing process, which searches for the global optimal solution by simulating the solid annealing process. The particle swarm method is a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm that simulates the foraging behavior of bird flocks and searches for the optimal solution through the experience of individuals and the group.

[0047] In the parameter identification process, select one of the algorithms (such as the particle swarm method) to adjust the parameters to be identified in the expression of the area element curve Sc(H). Through iterative optimization, the error between the fitted curve and the experimental data is minimized, and a set of optimal parameters is obtained. The area element curve Sc(H) after determining the optimal parameters can accurately reflect the irreversible magnetization characteristics of the magnetic material, thereby establishing an irreversible magnetization component model.

[0048] In one embodiment, as Figure 5 shown, deriving the area element curve Sc(H) under the Preisach model to obtain the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) includes: Determine the intersection point of the magnetic field strength and the descending edge of the quasi-static hysteresis loop; in the part , and the rest , the magnetic induction intensity of the descending edge intersection point is expressed as: ; Determine the magnetic field strength The intersection point with the rising edge of the quasi-static hysteresis loop; in the part of the rest The magnetic induction intensity at the rising edge intersection is expressed as: ; Subtract the magnetic induction intensity at the falling edge intersection from the magnetic induction intensity at the rising edge intersection to obtain the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) at the magnetic field strength The initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is: .

[0049] It should be noted that in the Preisach model, α and β represent the upper switching value and the lower switching value of the hysteresis operator respectively. When the applied magnetic field strength exceeds α , the output state of the hysteresis operator jumps from -1 to +1, indicating that the magnetization direction is the same as the applied magnetic field direction; while when is lower than β , the output state jumps from +1 to -1, indicating that the magnetization direction is opposite to the applied magnetic field direction.

[0050] Specifically, at the magnetic field strength H = , determine the falling edge intersection of the quasi-static hysteresis loop. In the Preisach plane, when β > , the output of the hysteresis operator , indicating that the magnetization direction is opposite to the applied magnetic field direction; while the rest , indicating that the magnetization direction is the same as the applied magnetic field direction. The magnetic induction intensity at the falling edge intersection is composed of the contributions of two integral regions DEF and ADEC, and the expression is: ; where the integral region DEF corresponds to the part where β > , and the integral region ADEC corresponds to the part where β ≤ .

[0051] Furthermore, determine the rising edge intersection of the quasi-static hysteresis loop. In the Preisach plane, when α < , the output of the hysteresis operator , indicating that the magnetization direction is the same as the applied magnetic field direction; while the rest , indicating that the magnetization direction is opposite to the applied magnetic field direction. The magnetic induction intensity at the rising edge intersection is composed of the contributions of two integral regions ABD and BDFC, and the expression is: ; Among them, the integration region ABD corresponds to the part where α < , and the integration region BDFC corresponds to the part where α ≥ .

[0052] Subtract the magnetic induction intensity at the falling-edge intersection from the magnetic induction intensity at the rising-edge intersection to obtain the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) at H = . The area element curve Sc(H) reflects the change in the area enclosed by the quasi-static hysteresis loop, and its initial expression is: .

[0053] Among them, the integration region BDEC is a specific region in the Preisach plane related to the magnetic field intensity , that is, the area element size is twice the result of integrating the Preisach distribution probability density within the shaded area in Figure 5 .

[0054] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 5 , Figure 5 shows the distribution of the hysteresis operator in the Preisach plane, which is used to describe the magnetization behavior of the magnetic material. The figure includes the α-axis and the β-axis, representing the upper switching value and the lower switching value of the hysteresis operator respectively. Points A, B, C, D, E, and F represent different states of the hysteresis operator. The DEF and BDEC regions are related to specific magnetic field intensities and are used to calculate the magnetic induction intensity and the area element curve. The solid line represents the distribution boundary, and the dashed line represents the reference line, which is used to determine the relevant regions and the positions of points at specific magnetic field intensities. The figure marks as a specific magnetic field intensity value, and and as the saturation values of the magnetic field intensity, which define the boundary of the Preisach plane.

[0055] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 6 , Figure 6 represents the relationship between the quasi-static hysteresis loop of the magnetic material and the area element curve Sc(H). The abscissa H (a.u.) represents the magnetic field intensity, with the unit of arbitrary unit (a.u.). The abscissa range is from -1.2 to 1.2, indicating the change in the magnetic field intensity between . The ordinate B (T) represents the magnetic induction intensity, with the unit of tesla (T). The ordinate range is from -1.2 to 1.2, indicating the change range of the magnetic induction intensity. The solid line B ( H ) represents the quasi-static hysteresis loop, which describes the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic material in a periodic alternating magnetic fieldB Closed curves varying with magnetic field strength H . The curves exhibit a typical hysteresis loop shape, including the rising edge and the falling edge . The dashed line Sc ( H ) represents the area element curve, reflecting the variation trend of the area enclosed by the hysteresis loop with magnetic field strength H .

[0056] H = Denotes a specific value of magnetic field strength H , at which the size of the area element at this magnetic field strength is calculated . Denotes the magnetic induction intensity at the intersection of the falling edge of the quasi-static hysteresis loop at magnetic field strength H = . Denotes the magnetic induction intensity at the intersection of the rising edge of the quasi-static hysteresis loop at magnetic field strength H = . Sc ( ) represents the size of the area element at magnetic field strength H = , defined as the difference between the magnetic induction intensity of the falling edge and the magnetic induction intensity of the rising edge . The size of the area element reflects the irreversible magnetization characteristics of the hysteresis loop at this magnetic field strength

[0057] In one embodiment, the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is: By fitting the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with a set function, an expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified is obtained, including: Based on the independence relationship between the Preisach distribution density function and and , decoupling is performed to obtain the decoupling result, and the decoupling result is: ; Based on the decoupling result and the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), an expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified is obtained

[0058] The initial expression is based on the Preisach distribution density function and is obtained by integrating the distribution density function in a specific region of the Preisach plane. To simplify the calculation and improve the applicability of the model, it is usually assumed that the Preisach distribution density function is independent of α and β, that is, the decoupling assumption: ; The decoupling hypothesis can decompose the two-dimensional distribution density function into the product of two one-dimensional functions, thereby simplifying the subsequent integral calculation.

[0059] Based on the decoupling result and the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with the parameters to be identified is obtained. A function (such as a Gaussian function or a Lorentz function) is set to fit the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), and the parameters to be identified are introduced. The parameters to be identified are optimized and determined through experimental data to ensure that the fitting curve is as close as possible to the actual measurement data.

[0060] Specifically, a widely used setting function can be used to fit the Preisach distribution function, and this setting function is: .

[0061] Furthermore, based on the decoupling result and the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), after using this setting function to fit the Preisach distribution function, the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is:

[0062] .

[0063] Furthermore, the obtained after fitting is The expression of is Integrated to obtain the area element curve with the parameters to be identified , The expression of is: .

[0064] Among them, , , Are parameters related to material properties and can be obtained through parameter identification; Use n groups of different material property-related parameters , , To fit the same Sc(H) function; Represents the current magnetic field strength and is the independent variable of the formula.

[0065] In one embodiment, as Figure 7 Shown, the irreversible magnetization component is determined based on the irreversible magnetization component model, the reversible magnetization component is determined based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component, and the reversible magnetization component model is determined by fitting the reversible magnetization component, including the following steps: Step 701: Determine the irreversible magnetization component at each magnetic field strength point through the irreversible magnetization component model; The irreversible magnetization component model describes the distribution law of hysteresis operators inside magnetic materials through the distribution density function. The irreversible magnetization component can be obtained by integrating the distribution density function of a specific area in the Preisach plane. Calculate each point by point The irreversible magnetization component at the position can be used to obtain the irreversible magnetization component curve, which reflects the irreversible magnetization characteristics of magnetic materials under different magnetic field strengths.

[0066] Step 702: subtract the irreversible magnetization component from the loop data in the quasi-static hysteresis loop to determine the reversible magnetization component; The quasi-static hysteresis loop contains all the information of the magnetic material during the magnetization process, including the combined effect of the reversible and irreversible magnetization components. Subtract the irreversible magnetization component from the data of the quasi-static hysteresis loop, and the remaining part is the reversible magnetization component, which can represent the effect of the reversible motion of the magnetic domain on the magnetization.

[0067] Step 703: constructing a reversible magnetization component model, performing fitting and parameter identification on the reversible magnetization component model through the reversible magnetization component, and determining the reversible magnetization component model.

[0068] The reversible magnetization component model is used to describe the characteristics of the reversible motion of magnetic domains in magnetic materials during the magnetization process. The data of the reversible magnetization component can be obtained by subtracting the irreversible magnetization component from the quasi-static hysteresis loop.

[0069] To establish a reversible magnetization component model, mathematical functions (such as polynomials, exponential functions, or trigonometric functions) are usually used to fit the data of the reversible magnetization component. The fitting process minimizes the error between the fitting curve and the actual measured data by adjusting the parameters in the function. Commonly used optimization algorithms include the least squares method and the gradient descent method.

[0070] Parameter identification is the process of determining unknown parameters in the model through optimization algorithms. By adjusting the parameters, the model can more accurately describe the variation of the reversible magnetization component. The obtained reversible magnetization component model can be used to predict and analyze the reversible magnetization behavior of magnetic materials under different conditions.

[0071] Based on the same concept, Figure 8 As shown, the present application also provides a hysteresis separation device, which includes: An acquisition module 801 is used to acquire a quasi-static hysteresis loop of a magnetic material. The quasi-static hysteresis loop is a closed curve showing the change of magnetic induction intensity B with magnetic field intensity H of a magnetic material in a periodic alternating magnetic field. The area element separation module 802 is used to perform area element separation processing on the quasi-static hysteresis loop to obtain the area element curve Sc(H); the area element curve Sc(H) is obtained based on the area element size, and the area element size is the length of the line connecting the two intersection points of the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the magnetic field strength intersecting; The parameter identification module 803 is used to determine the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the Preisach distribution function, and perform parameter identification on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model; the parameter identification module is also used to determine the irreversible magnetization component based on the irreversible magnetization component model, determine the reversible magnetization component based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component, and determine the reversible magnetization component model by fitting the reversible magnetization component; The model generation module 804 is used to determine the overall hysteresis model of the magnetic material according to the irreversible magnetization component model and the reversible magnetization component model, and the overall hysteresis model can predict the hysteresis curve under different excitation conditions.

[0072] In one embodiment, the area element separation module 802 performs area element separation processing on the quasi-static hysteresis loop to obtain the area element curve Sc(H), specifically: for the magnetic field strength Perform area element separation on the quasi-static hysteresis loop between, and determine the magnetic field strength The size of each area element corresponding to the magnetic field strength ; Based on the magnetic field strength The size of each area element corresponding to the magnetic field strength To determine the area element curve Sc(H).

[0073] In one embodiment, the area element separation module 802 performs area element separation on the quasi-static hysteresis loop between the magnetic field strengths To determine the magnetic field strength The size of each area element corresponding to the magnetic field strength Specifically: interpolate the rising edge data and falling edge data of the quasi-static hysteresis loop to obtain the magnetic field strength The falling edge magnetic induction intensity corresponding to each magnetic field strength And the rising edge magnetic induction intensity And the rising edge magnetic induction intensity ; For each magnetic field strength , according to the magnetic field strength The corresponding falling edge magnetic induction intensity And the rising edge magnetic induction intensity The difference between, determine the magnetic field strength The size of the corresponding area element.

[0074] In one embodiment, the area element separation module 802 is specifically configured such that the measurement frequency range of the quasi-static hysteresis loop is 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz; when determining the magnitude of the area element corresponding to each magnetic field strength between the magnitude of the area element is calculated point by point using the magnetic field strength change step ΔH, and the magnetic field strength change step ΔH does not exceed 1% of the magnetic field strength Hs.

[0075] In one embodiment, the parameter identification module 803 determines the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the Preisach distribution function, and performs parameter identification on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model, specifically: deriving the area element curve Sc(H) under the Preisach model to obtain the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), fitting the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) using a set function to obtain the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified; performing parameter identification on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model; wherein, parameter identification is performed by one of the simulated annealing algorithm and the particle swarm method.

[0076] In one embodiment, the parameter identification module 803 derives the area element curve Sc(H) under the Preisach model to obtain the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), specifically: determining the intersection point of the magnetic field strength and the descending edge of the quasi-static hysteresis loop; in the part of , the rest , the magnetic induction intensity of the descending edge intersection point is expressed as: ; determining the intersection point of the magnetic field strength and the ascending edge of the quasi-static hysteresis loop; in the part of , the rest , the magnetic induction intensity of the ascending edge intersection point is expressed as: ; subtracting the magnetic induction intensity of the descending edge intersection point from the magnetic induction intensity of the ascending edge intersection point to obtain the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) at the magnetic field strength , and the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is: .

[0077] In one embodiment, the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) in the parameter identification module 803 is: using a set function to fit the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified, specifically for: based on the Preisach distribution density function and and being independent of each other, decoupling to obtain a decoupling result, and the decoupling result is: ; based on the decoupling result and the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), obtaining the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified.

[0078] In one embodiment, the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with parameters to be identified in the parameter identification module 803 is: ; wherein, , , respectively represent the parameters to be identified.

[0079] In one embodiment, the parameter identification module 803 determines the irreversible magnetization component based on the irreversible magnetization component model, determines the reversible magnetization component based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component, and determines the reversible magnetization component model by fitting the reversible magnetization component, specifically for: determining the irreversible magnetization component at each magnetic field strength point through the irreversible magnetization component model; subtracting the irreversible magnetization component from the loop data in the quasi-static hysteresis loop to determine the reversible magnetization component; constructing a reversible magnetization component model, and fitting and parameter identifying the reversible magnetization component model through the reversible magnetization component to determine the reversible magnetization component model.

[0080] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope recorded in this specification.

[0081] The above embodiments only represent several implementation manners of the present application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hysteresis separation method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtaining a quasi-static hysteresis loop of a magnetic material, wherein the quasi-static hysteresis loop is a closed curve showing the change of magnetic induction intensity B with magnetic field intensity H of the magnetic material in a periodic alternating magnetic field; The quasi-static hysteresis loop is subjected to area element separation processing to obtain an area element curve Sc(H); the area element curve Sc(H) is obtained based on the size of the area element, and the size of the area element is the relationship between the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the magnetic field strength. The length of the line connecting the two intersecting points; Determining an expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the Preisach distribution function, and performing parameter identification on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H), so as to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model; determining an irreversible magnetization component based on the irreversible magnetization component model, determining a reversible magnetization component based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component, and determining a reversible magnetization component model by fitting the reversible magnetization component; According to the irreversible magnetization component model and the reversible magnetization component model, an overall hysteresis model of the magnetic material is determined, and the overall hysteresis model can predict hysteresis curves under different excitation conditions.

2. The hysteresis separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quasi-static hysteresis loop is subjected to area element separation processing to obtain an area element curve Sc(H), including: For the magnetic field strength The quasi-static hysteresis loops are separated by area element to determine the magnetic field strength The magnetic field strength between The size of the corresponding area element; Based on the magnetic field strength The magnetic field strength between The size of the corresponding area element determines the area element curve Sc(H).

3. The hysteresis separation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: For the magnetic field strength The quasi-static hysteresis loops are separated by area element to determine the magnetic field strength The magnetic field strength between The size of the corresponding area element includes: The rising edge data and the falling edge data of the quasi-static hysteresis loop are interpolated to obtain the magnetic field strength The magnetic field strength between The magnetic induction intensity at the falling edge And the magnetic induction intensity of the rising edge ; For each magnetic field strength , according to the magnetic field strength The corresponding falling edge magnetic induction intensity The magnetic induction intensity of the rising edge The difference between The size of the corresponding area element.

4. The hysteresis separation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The measurement frequency range of the quasi-static hysteresis loop is 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz; In determining the magnetic field strength The magnetic field strength between When the size of the corresponding area element is calculated, the size of the area element is calculated point by point using the magnetic field intensity change step ΔH, and the magnetic field intensity change step ΔH does not exceed 1% of the magnetic field intensity Hs.

5. The hysteresis separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is determined based on the Preisach distribution function, and the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is parameter identified based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain the irreversible magnetization component model, including: The area element curve Sc(H) is derived under the Preisach model to obtain an initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), and a setting function is used to fit the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain an expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with the parameters to be identified; Based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H), parameter identification is performed on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with the parameters to be identified to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model; wherein the parameter identification is performed by one of a simulated annealing algorithm and a particle swarm method.

6. The hysteresis separation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is derived under the Preisach model, including: Determining magnetic field strength The intersection point with the falling edge of the quasi-static hysteresis loop; Part , the rest , the magnetic induction intensity at the intersection of the falling edge It is expressed as: ; Determining magnetic field strength The intersection point with the rising edge of the quasi-static hysteresis loop; Part , the rest , the magnetic induction intensity at the intersection of the rising edge It is expressed as: ; The magnetic induction intensity at the intersection of the falling edge The magnetic induction intensity at the intersection of the rising edge Subtract and get the magnetic field strength The initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) at , the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is: .

7. The hysteresis separation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is: the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H) is fitted by a set function to obtain the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with the parameters to be identified, including: Based on the Preisach distribution density function and and They are independent of each other, and decoupling results are obtained, and the decoupling results are: ; Based on the decoupling result and the initial expression of the area element curve Sc(H), an expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with the parameters to be identified is obtained.

8. The hysteresis separation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The expression of the area element curve Sc(H) with the parameters to be identified is: ； in, , , They represent the parameters to be identified.

9. The hysteresis separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining an irreversible magnetization component based on the irreversible magnetization component model, determining a reversible magnetization component based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component, and determining a reversible magnetization component model by fitting the reversible magnetization component, comprising: Determine the irreversible magnetization component of each magnetic field intensity point by using the irreversible magnetization component model; Subtracting the irreversible magnetization component from the loop data in the quasi-static hysteresis loop to determine the reversible magnetization component; A reversible magnetization component model is constructed, and fitting and parameter identification are performed on the reversible magnetization component model through the reversible magnetization component to determine the reversible magnetization component model.

10. A hysteresis separation device, characterized in that: The device comprises: An acquisition module is used to acquire a quasi-static hysteresis loop of a magnetic material, wherein the quasi-static hysteresis loop is a closed curve of the change of magnetic induction intensity B with magnetic field intensity H of the magnetic material in a periodic alternating magnetic field; An area element separation module is used to perform area element separation processing on the quasi-static hysteresis loop to obtain an area element curve Sc(H); the area element curve Sc(H) is obtained based on the size of the area element, and the size of the area element is the ratio of the quasi-static hysteresis loop to the magnetic field strength The length of the line connecting the two intersecting points; A parameter identification module is used to determine the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the Preisach distribution function, and to perform parameter identification on the expression of the area element curve Sc(H) based on the curve data corresponding to the area element curve Sc(H) to obtain an irreversible magnetization component model; the parameter identification module is also used to determine the irreversible magnetization component based on the irreversible magnetization component model, determine the reversible magnetization component based on the quasi-static hysteresis loop and the irreversible magnetization component, and determine the reversible magnetization component model by fitting the reversible magnetization component; The model generation module is used to determine the overall hysteresis model of the magnetic material according to the irreversible magnetization component model and the reversible magnetization component model, wherein the overall hysteresis model can predict the hysteresis curve under different excitation conditions.

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