Insulator

Abstract

The invention discloses an insulator, and belongs to the field of electronic devices, the insulator comprises a backboard electrode, the surface of the backboard electrode is sequentially provided with a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, and the surface of the second insulating layer is provided with a first annular electrode and a second annular electrode which are axisymmetric; the first annular electrode and the second annular electrode are arranged at intervals. According to the invention, the annular electrodes are symmetrically arranged, so that electric field lines are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the insulator in the radial direction or the axial direction, and sudden change of local field intensity is avoided. Equivalent series capacitance is formed through the two insulating layers, so that charges are stored in the high-insulation second insulating layer, and the first insulating layer reduces the surface electric field gradient and reduces the driving force of the charges diffusing to the environment, so that the surface potential is reduced, the charges are prevented from being continuously accumulated, the influence of the charges on power transmission is reduced, and the power transmission efficiency is improved; the technical problems that charges are accumulated on the surface of an insulator in the prior art, and discharging is restrained can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of insulators, and particularly to an insulator. Background Art

[0002] An insulator is a device installed between conductors at different potentials or between a conductor and a grounding member, which can withstand voltage and mechanical stress, and plays an important role in overhead transmission lines. There are many types of insulators with different shapes. Although the structures and appearances of different types of insulators vary greatly, they are all composed of two major parts: an insulating part and connecting fittings.

[0003] Currently, commonly used insulators usually include parts such as an insulator core, an insulator sleeve, and metal accessories. Generally, the insulator core is made of insulating material, mainly used to bear the mechanical load of the wire and maintain insulation between the wire and the support. The insulator sleeve is the outer shell of the insulator, usually made of metal material, mainly to protect the insulator core from external environmental erosion and provide mechanical strength support. Metal accessories are parts connecting the insulator to the wire or support, including upper and lower fittings and grounding wires, etc. The upper fitting is used to connect the wire, the lower fitting is used to connect the support, and the grounding wire is used to ground the insulator to ensure the safe operation of the system.

[0004] However, currently commonly used insulators have the following technical problems: during use, the discharge patterns of insulators show differences. In particular, charges will remain on the surface of the insulator during discharge. As the number of discharges increases, the discharge length gradually increases, and the accumulated charges continuously increase. Like-polarity charges will inhibit discharge, affecting power transmission and reducing power transmission efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an insulator, which can solve the technical problem that charges will accumulate on the surface of the existing insulators and inhibit discharge.

[0006] In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, an insulator is provided. The insulator includes: a backplane electrode, on the surface of which there are an axially symmetric first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, and a first annular electrode and a second annular electrode are provided on the second insulating layer;

[0007] The first annular electrode and the second annular electrode are arranged at intervals from each other. The first annular electrode is set as the grounding end, and the second annular electrode is set as the high-voltage end.

[0008] Through symmetric layout, the annular electrode of the present invention enables the electric field lines to diverge uniformly along the radial or axial direction on the surface of the insulator, avoiding sudden changes in the local field strength. Moreover, an equivalent series capacitance is formed by two insulating layers, enabling charges to be stored in the highly insulating second insulating layer. The first insulating layer reduces the driving force for charge diffusion to the environment by decreasing the surface electric field gradient, thereby reducing the surface potential, avoiding continuous charge accumulation, reducing the impact of charges on power transmission, and improving power transmission efficiency.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the spacing between the first annular electrode and the second annular electrode is 200 - 400 mm.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the material of the first insulating layer is rubber.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the thickness of the first insulating layer is 4 - 6 mm, the relative dielectric constant of the first insulating layer is 40 - 60, and the resistivity of the first insulating layer is 1×10 4 Ω·m - 3×10 4 Ω·m.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the thickness of the first insulating layer is 5 mm, the relative dielectric constant of the first insulating layer is 50, and the resistivity of the first insulating layer is 2×10 4 Ω·m.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the material of the second insulating layer is polyethylene terephthalate.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the thickness of the second insulating layer is 50 - 150 μm, the relative dielectric constant of the second insulating layer is 2 - 5, and the resistivity of the second insulating layer is 0.5×10 18 Ω·m - 2×10 18 Ω·m.

[0015] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the thickness of the second insulating layer is 100 μm, the relative dielectric constant of the second insulating layer is 3.2, and the resistivity of the second insulating layer is 1×10 18 Ω·m.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the backplane electrode is a grounded metal rod.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the diameter of the backplane electrode is 10 - 30 mm, and the length of the backplane electrode is 500 - 700 mm.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, an insulator provided by an embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The insulator of the present invention is provided with two axially symmetric annular electrodes on its surface. According to the characteristics of the annular structure and axial symmetry, the electric field lines of the insulator can be evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. Through the symmetric layout of the annular electrodes, the electric field lines diverge evenly along the radial or axial direction on the surface of the insulator, avoiding sudden changes in the local field strength. Moreover, an equivalent series capacitance is formed by two insulating layers, so that charges are stored in the highly insulating second insulating layer, while the first insulating layer reduces the surface electric field gradient, reduces the driving force for charges to diffuse into the environment, thereby reducing the surface potential, avoiding continuous accumulation of charges, reducing the impact of charges on power transmission, and improving power transmission efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of an insulator provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 FIG. is an equivalent circuit diagram of an insulator provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the potential and electric field comparison between a double-layer structure insulator and a single-layer PET insulator provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 4 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the potential and electric field comparison between a double-layer structure insulator and a single-layer PET insulator provided by an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0023] Figure 5 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the potential distribution and scanning result provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of the cross-section of the insulator structure of an insulator provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] In the figure, backplane electrode 1, first insulating layer 2, second insulating layer 3, first annular electrode 4, second annular electrode 5, shielding box 6, resistor 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] An insulator is a device installed between conductors at different potentials or between a conductor and a grounding member, which can withstand voltage and mechanical stress and plays an important role in overhead transmission lines. There are many types of insulators with different shapes. Although the structures and shapes of different types of insulators vary greatly, they are all composed of two major parts: an insulating part and connecting fittings.

[0028] Currently, commonly used insulators usually include parts such as an insulator core, an insulator sleeve, and metal accessories. Generally, the insulator core is made of insulating material and is mainly used to bear the mechanical load of the wire and maintain insulation between the wire and the support. The insulator sleeve is the outer shell of the insulator, usually made of metal material, mainly to protect the insulator core from external environmental erosion and provide mechanical strength support. Metal accessories are the parts connecting the insulator to the wire or support, including upper and lower fittings and grounding wires, etc. The upper fitting is used to connect the wire, the lower fitting is used to connect the support, and the grounding wire is used to ground the insulator to ensure the safe operation of the system.

[0029] However, currently commonly used insulators have the following technical problems: During use, the discharge patterns of insulators show differences. When discharging, charges are left on the surface of the solid medium. As the number of discharges increases, the discharge length gradually grows. Like-polarity charges will inhibit discharge, affecting power transmission and reducing power transmission efficiency.

[0030] To solve the above problems, the following will introduce and illustrate in detail an insulator provided by an embodiment of the present application through specific embodiments.

[0031] Refer to Figure 1 , to solve the technical problem that charges will accumulate on the surface of the insulator in the prior art and inhibit discharge, a schematic structural diagram of an insulator provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0032] Among them, by way of example, the insulator may include: a backplane electrode 1, a first insulating layer 2 and a second insulating layer 3 are sequentially provided on the surface of the backplane electrode 1, and an axially symmetric first annular electrode 4 and a second annular electrode 5 are provided on the surface of the second insulating layer 3;

[0033] The first annular electrode 4 and the second annular electrode 5 are arranged at intervals from each other. The first annular electrode 4 is set as the grounding end, and the second annular electrode 5 is set as the high-voltage end.

[0034] A pair of annular first annular electrode 4 and second annular electrode 5 are set as the ground terminal and the high-voltage terminal. The annular structure has an axisymmetric characteristic, and the electric field lines are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. Through the symmetric layout of the annular electrodes, the electric field lines diverge evenly along the radial or axial direction on the surface of the insulator, avoiding sudden changes in the local field strength. Thus, a relatively uniform electric field can be formed on the surface of the insulator, facilitating the observation and analysis of the discharge phenomenon, and enabling the simulation of the actual application situation of GIS / GIL basin insulators based on the observed discharge phenomenon.

[0035] In an actual application scenario, the insulator provided by the present invention can be applied to simulation tests, which can guide the design optimization of actual insulators. Since the coaxial conductor electric field borne by the actual basin insulator is generally a slightly non-uniform electric field, on the surface of the insulator, it can be divided into a tangential electric field component along the surface and a normal electric field component perpendicular to the surface. Among them, the tangential electric field, as the main driving factor, can drive the discharge channel to propagate along the surface of the insulator, playing a key role in charge movement, the expansion of the local surface charged area, the extension of the discharge channel, and discharge stability.

[0036] The uniform electric field formed by the annular electrodes adopted in this patent on the surface of the insulator is the tangential electric field along the surface, which can simulate the actual application situation of GIS / GIL basin insulators, so as to further optimize the insulator according to the simulation situation.

[0037] In one embodiment, the spacing distance between the first annular electrode 4 and the second annular electrode 5 is 200 - 400 mm. Preferably, the spacing distance between the first annular electrode 4 and the second annular electrode 5 is 300 mm.

[0038] In one embodiment, the backplane electrode 1 is a grounded metal rod. Optionally, the diameter of the backplane electrode 1 is 10 - 30 mm. Preferably, the diameter of the backplane electrode 1 is 20 mm.

[0039] In a practical operation mode, the backplane electrode 1, the first annular electrode 4, and the second annular electrode 5 can be of the same material. For example, the material is copper.

[0040] A rod-shaped electrode is arranged inside the axis of the cylindrical insulator as the backplane electrode 1, and an electric field parallel / perpendicular to the surface discharge propagation direction is applied by changing the grounding condition of the backplane electrode 1, which is applicable to the study of surface charge accumulation characteristics. As Figure 1 shown.

[0041] In an alternative embodiment, the material of the first insulating layer 2 is rubber.

[0042] Optionally, the thickness of the first insulating layer 2 is 4 - 6 mm, the relative dielectric constant of the first insulating layer 2 is 40 - 60, and the resistivity of the first insulating layer 2 is 1×10 4Ω·m⁻³ × 10 4 Ω·m.

[0043] Preferably, the thickness of the first insulating layer 2 is 5 mm, the relative dielectric constant of the first insulating layer 2 is 50, and the resistivity of the first insulating layer 2 is 2 × 10 4 Ω·m.

[0044] In an alternative embodiment, the material of the second insulating layer 3 is polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

[0045] Optionally, the thickness of the second insulating layer 3 is 50 - 150 μm, the relative dielectric constant of the second insulating layer 3 is 2 - 5, and the resistivity of the second insulating layer 3 is 0.5 × 10 18 Ω·m⁻² × 10 18 Ω·m.

[0046] Preferably, the thickness of the second insulating layer 3 is 100 μm, the relative dielectric constant of the second insulating layer 3 is 3.2, and the resistivity of the second insulating layer 3 is 1 × 10 18 Ω·m.

[0047] Referring to Figure 2 , an equivalent circuit diagram of an insulator provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In order to reduce the potential of the accumulated residual charge, the present invention provides a double-layer structure insulator as shown in Figure 2 .

[0048] The relative dielectric constant of the outer second insulating layer 3 is 3.2, and the resistivity is 1 × 10 18 Ω·m, so the time constant at 1 MHz is 2.8 × 10 7 s, which is much larger than the measurement time. Therefore, the potential difference of the second insulating layer 3 remains constant during the measurement. The high resistivity of the second insulating layer 3 significantly delays the natural decay of the charge, ensuring that the amount of charge remains basically unchanged during the measurement process.

[0049] For the first insulating layer 2 made of rubber, the thickness is 5 mm, the relative dielectric constant is 50, and the resistivity is 2 × 10 4 Ω·m, so the time constant at 1 MHz is 8.8 μs, which is much longer than the discharge time (usually about 100 ns).

[0050] It should be noted that both the first insulating layer 2 and the second insulating layer 3 can be replaced, and the required characteristics are that the dielectric constant and conductivity should be similar to those of the above two materials. For example, if the second insulating layer 3 (PET layer) is replaced with epoxy resin (the dielectric constant is taken as 5), the thickness of the epoxy resin layer should be taken as about 100 microns.

[0051] It is also possible to use a rubber layer with a higher dielectric constant and stronger plasticity in combination with the PET layer, which has theoretical guiding significance for reducing the surface potential of insulators in engineering.

[0052] The dielectric constant difference between the first insulating layer 2 and the second insulating layer 3 (εr of PET ≈ 3.3, εr of rubber ≈ 2.5 - 4) forms an equivalent series capacitance. The charge is mainly stored in the highly insulating second insulating layer 3 (PET layer), while the first insulating layer 2 (rubber layer) reduces the driving force for charge diffusion to the environment by reducing the surface electric field gradient, thereby reducing the surface potential.

[0053] The first insulating layer 2 (rubber layer) can also be made of a material such as silicone rubber. Although the resistivity of silicone rubber is low, its flexibility and sealing performance can isolate the influence of the external environment (such as humidity, pollutants) on the charge. At the same time, as a physical support layer, it prevents the PET film from cracking due to mechanical stress.

[0054] During the discharge process, both the first insulating layer 2 and the second insulating layer 3 are regarded as dielectric layers. The electric potential U1 of the PET layer and the electric potential U2 on the rubber layer caused by the surface charge are determined by the capacitances C1 and C2 of the two dielectric layers and are calculated by the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] In the formula, ΔS is the unit area of the cylindrical insulator. Since the area of ΔS is small, the insulating layer of each ΔS can be equivalent to a parallel - plate capacitor. ε1 is the relative dielectric constant of the second insulating layer 3 (PET layer), ε2 is the relative dielectric constant of the first insulating layer 2 (rubber layer), d1 is the thickness of the second insulating layer 3 (PET layer), and d2 is the thickness of the first insulating layer 2 (rubber layer). As Figure 2 shown.

[0057] It can be seen from the above formula that after discharge, the surface potential generated by the surface charge on the insulator with the double - layer structure of the present invention can be reduced to 24% of the potential of the single - layer PET insulator. Assuming that the surface charge is evenly distributed on the surface of the insulator, the charge density is set to 2×10 -6 C / m 2 .

[0058] Referring to Figure 3-4 , the schematic diagrams of the potential and electric field comparison between the insulator with the double - layer structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the single - layer PET insulator are respectively shown Figure 1 and the schematic diagrams of the potential and electric field comparison between the insulator with the double - layer structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the single - layer PET insulator are shown Figure 2 .

[0059] By using COMSOL software to simulate the voltage and electric field distribution after the insulator discharges, as Figure 3As shown in (a) of Figure 3 and select the electric field and potential change trends of the line segment between the two electrodes for specific analysis. Starting from the contact point between the lower surface of the high-voltage electrode and the insulator, take the distance as the x variable, as shown in

[0060] It can be seen from Figure 3-4 that under the condition of the same surface charge density distribution of the insulator, the potential and electric field strength on the surface of the single-layer PET structure insulator are much higher than those of the double-layer structure. The electric field and potential changes along the line segment between the two electrodes of both structures show a trend of first rising and then falling, and reach the maximum value at a distance of 6.7 mm from the high-voltage electrode. The maximum potential value (3.8 kV) of the double-layer structure is only 20% of the maximum potential value (19 kV) of the single-layer PET structure, verifying the accuracy of the result obtained by Equation 1. The range of the electrostatic probe used in this paper is -20 kV to 20 kV. If the charge density in front of the probe is uniform, in an ideal situation, the discharge potential distribution under an applied voltage of 80 kV can be measured. However, the discharge process is complex and the charge distribution will not be uniform. Therefore, the electric field between the charged surface of the double-layer structure insulator involved in this paper and the probe cannot be completely eliminated. Considering the safety margin of the probe, this double-layer structure is suitable for measuring the discharge potential distribution below 40 kV.

[0061] Referring to Figure 5 , a schematic diagram of the potential distribution and scanning result provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Measure the surface potential attenuation degree of the double-layer structure insulator of the present invention: Apply a positive impulse voltage of +15.4 kV, and scan the same range of paths on the surface of the double-layer insulator after discharge twice, with a scanning interval of 3 hours. The experimental results are as shown in Figure 5 It can be seen from Figure 5 that the maximum value of the electric potential in the second scan drops to 90% of that in the first scan, and the downward trends of the two scan curves are the same, indicating that the difference in the electric field strength between the two is small. Therefore, the designed double-layer structure insulator can not only reduce the surface electric potential, but also ensure that the influence of charge attenuation on the measured electric potential of the insulator surface during the measurement process is small.

[0062] In summary, based on the above-mentioned double-layer insulation structure that can reduce the surface potential, measure the surface charge of the double-layer structure polymer insulator after discharge during the discharge process. Through actual experiments, it is found that the double-layer insulator composed of a rubber layer and a PET layer significantly reduces the surface potential of the insulator after discharge, which can be reduced to about 20% of the potential of the single-layer PET insulator, and at the same time ensures that the influence of charge attenuation on the measurement result of the insulator electric potential during the measurement process is small, effectively reducing the discharge phenomenon between the probe and the insulator surface.

[0063] In addition, the double-layer insulator structure obtained in the previous step can also be simulated and verified by the finite element method. Specifically, the step process of the simulation analysis and verification includes the following steps:

[0064] 1. Create a model and select a physical field: Import the established Solidworks structural model into Comsol and add the "Electrostatics" interface to calculate the electrostatic field distribution.

[0065] 2. Geometric modeling: Define the regions and material properties of the metal rod, rubber layer, and PET layer respectively; among them, referring to Figure 6 , a structural schematic diagram of the cross-section of an insulator structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, its structure can be as Figure 6 shown.

[0066] A rubber layer and a PET layer are respectively provided on the surface of the metal rod. An axially symmetric first annular electrode and a second annular electrode are provided on the surface of the PET layer. The input end of the metal rod is connected to the shielding box 6. A resistor 7 (fifty ohms) is provided in the shielding box. The first annular electrode close to the shielding box 6 is the grounded end, and the second annular electrode is set as the high-voltage end.

[0067] The current signal can be collected from the connection end of the resistor 7 and the metal rod. This current signal is the leakage current flowing through the insulator. The shielding box 6 shields other signal interferences and improves the accuracy of collecting the current signal; at the same time, the resistor 7 can play a protective role.

[0068] 3. Set boundary conditions and potential settings: Set the metal rod and the grounding electrode to be grounded, and set the potential conditions for the high-voltage annular electrode.

[0069] 4. Mesh generation: First, perform global mesh settings. Select "Physical field control mesh" and set the element size to "fine". Subsequently, perform local refinement. Add a "boundary layer mesh" or manually refine in the PET layer (with a thickness of only 0.1 mm) to ensure at least 3 layers of elements to capture the electric field gradient.

[0070] 5. Solver settings and calculation: Select the "Steady state" study and directly solve the electrostatic field equation.

[0071] 6. Post-processing and result analysis: Create a "Potential (V)" contour map to observe the potential distribution from the metal rod (0 V) to the outer layer of the PET (V0).

[0072] This operation is mainly to obtain the following effects: Verify that the surface potential generated by the surface charge after discharge in the double-layer structure insulator designed in this paper can be reduced to 24% of the potential of the single-layer PET insulator. Assuming that the surface charge is evenly distributed on the surface of the insulator, the charge density is set to 2×10 -6 C / m 2 , use the COMSOL software to simulate the voltage and electric field distribution after the insulator discharges, as Figure 3As shown in the figure, the electric field and potential change trends of the line segment between the two electrodes are selected for specific analysis. Taking the contact point between the lower surface of the high-voltage electrode and the insulator as the starting point, the distance is used as the x variable, as Figure 4 shown. Figure 3-4 It can be seen that under the same surface charge density distribution of the insulator, the potential and electric field strength on the surface of the single-layer PET structure insulator are much higher than those of the double-layer structure. The electric field and potential changes along the line segment between the two electrodes of both structures show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and reach the maximum value at a distance of 6.7 mm from the high-voltage electrode. The maximum potential value (3.8 kV) of the double-layer structure is only 20% of the maximum potential value (19 kV) of the single-layer PET structure, verifying the accuracy of the results calculated by the above formula.

[0073] Measure the surface potential attenuation degree of the double-layer structure insulator to ensure the accuracy of charge density measurement.

[0074] Adopting the structure of the present invention can achieve a large range and high-resolution measurement of the relatively high potential distribution generated by surface leader discharge.

[0075] Adopting the double-layer structure of the present invention can effectively reduce the surface potential during measurement, and at the same time, the charge quantity will be completely retained, ensuring that the influence of charge decay during the measurement on the measured potential of the insulator surface is small and can reflect the structure at the discharge moment.

[0076] Since PET (polyethylene terephthalate) has an extremely high volume resistivity (about 1018 Ω·m) and dielectric strength (>200 kV / mm), it can effectively prevent charge migration, making it difficult for the charges accumulated on its surface or inside to leak through the material itself. The dielectric constant difference between PET and the rubber layer (εr of PET ≈ 3.3, εr of rubber ≈ 2.5 - 4) forms an equivalent series capacitor. The charges are mainly stored in the highly insulating PET layer, while the rubber layer reduces the driving force for charge diffusion to the environment by reducing the surface electric field gradient, thereby reducing the surface potential. The high resistivity of PET significantly delays the natural decay of charges, ensuring that the charge quantity remains basically unchanged during the measurement process.

[0077] In this embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention provides an insulator, and its beneficial effects are as follows: In the present invention, a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer are sequentially provided on the surface of the backplane electrode, and an axially symmetric first annular electrode and a second annular electrode are provided on the surface of the second insulating layer; the first annular electrode and the second annular electrode are arranged at intervals, the first annular electrode is set as the grounding end, and the second annular electrode is set as the high-voltage end. Due to the axially symmetric characteristic of the annular structure, the electric field lines are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. Through the symmetric layout of the annular electrodes, the electric field lines diverge evenly along the radial or axial direction on the surface of the insulator, avoiding sudden changes in the local electric field intensity. Moreover, an equivalent series capacitor is formed by the two insulating layers, so that the charge is stored in the highly insulating second insulating layer, and the first insulating layer reduces the surface electric field gradient, reducing the driving force for the charge to diffuse into the environment, thereby reducing the surface potential, avoiding continuous accumulation of charges, reducing the influence of charges on power transmission, and improving power transmission efficiency.

[0078] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. When an element such as a layer, region, or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "above" another element, it can be directly on the other element, or there can also be an intermediate element. On the contrary, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" or "above" another element, there is no intermediate element. It should also be understood that when an element is referred to as being "under" or "below" another element, it can be directly under or below the other element, or there can also be an intermediate element. On the contrary, when an element is referred to as being "directly under" or "below" another element, there is no intermediate element. Unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0079] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can also provide a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0080] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems), devices, and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, and the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for implementing the functions specified in one Figure 1 flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or means for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks.

[0081] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate a manufactured article including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one Figure 1 flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or means for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks.

[0082] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, such that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to generate a computer-implemented process, and thus the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one Figure 1 flow or multiple flows and / or blocks Figure 1 or means for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks.

[0083] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An insulator, characterized in that: The insulator comprises: a back plate electrode, a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer are sequentially arranged on the surface of the back plate electrode, and an axisymmetric first annular electrode and a second annular electrode are arranged on the surface of the second insulating layer; The first annular electrode and the second annular electrode are spaced apart from each other, the first annular electrode is set as a ground terminal, and the second annular electrode is set as a high-voltage terminal.

2. The insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing distance between the first annular electrode and the second annular electrode is 200-400 mm.

3. The insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first insulating layer is made of rubber.

4. The insulator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the first insulating layer is 4-6 mm, the relative dielectric constant of the first insulating layer is 40-60, and the resistivity of the first insulating layer is 1×10 4 Ω·m-3×10 4 Ω·m.

5. The insulator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the first insulating layer is 5 mm, the relative dielectric constant of the first insulating layer is 50, and the resistivity of the first insulating layer is 2×10 4 Ω·m.

6. The insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second insulating layer is made of polyethylene terephthalate.

7. The insulator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the second insulating layer is 50-150 μm, the relative dielectric constant of the second insulating layer is 2-5, and the resistivity of the second insulating layer is 0.5×10 18 Ω·m-2×10 18 Ω·m.

8. The insulator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thickness of the second insulating layer is 100 μm, the relative dielectric constant of the second insulating layer is 3.2, and the resistivity of the second insulating layer is 1×10 18 Ω·m.

9. The insulator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The back plate electrode is a grounded metal rod.

10. The insulator according to claim 9, characterized in that: The diameter of the back plate electrode is 10-30 mm, and the length of the back plate electrode is 500-700 mm.

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