Data sending method and device, data receiving method and device, storage medium and electronic equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a data sending method and device, a data receiving method and device, a storage medium and electronic equipment, and the method comprises the steps: determining Q paths of data to be sent to second equipment by first equipment; executing a data stream mapping operation on the Q-path data to obtain a data vector; performing a precoding operation on the data vector by using a precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector; performing a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to an antenna port deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal; and sending the target signal to the second device. Through application of the method and the device, the problems of limited data transmission rate, low spectrum efficiency and insufficient channel utilization rate in satellite communication in related technologies are solved, and the effect of improving the channel utilization rate and the transmission rate is further achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of computers. Specifically, it relates to a data sending and receiving method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device. Background Art

[0002] In a satellite communication system, in order to solve the technical problems of low bit error rate and low transmission efficiency in the satellite communication system, technologies such as channel coding, interleaving, spreading, forward error correction coding, space-time coding, space-time block coding, multiple-input multiple-output system (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, abbreviated as MIMO), and multiple-input multiple-output - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) are usually used to improve the performance and anti-interference ability of the satellite communication system.

[0003] However, the existing satellite communication systems cannot effectively use MIMO and space-time coding technologies to increase system capacity and transmission reliability. On the other hand, the satellite communication system itself also faces the following challenges: due to the large-scale path loss caused by the satellite-ground link and the limitations of satellite energy and power consumption, the transmit power is insufficient, and the received power and signal-to-noise ratio are relatively insufficient, which become the constraints on the peak rate and service reliability of the system. In the satellite or beam overlapping coverage area, if the same frequency is used, serious co-channel interference will occur, and if the same frequency is not used, the frequency reuse ratio will decrease and the system capacity will be reduced.

[0004] Regarding the problems of limited data transmission rate, low spectral efficiency, and insufficient channel utilization in satellite communication in the related art, no effective solution has been proposed yet. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide a data sending and receiving method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device to at least solve the problems of limited data transmission rate, low spectral efficiency, and insufficient channel utilization in satellite communication in the related art.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present application, a data sending method is provided, including: determining Q paths of data to be sent from a first device to a second device, where the first device and the second device are both devices deployed in a satellite communication system, and Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device; performing a data stream mapping operation on the Q paths of data to obtain a data vector, where the data vector is used to represent the data stream set of the Q paths of data; performing a precoding operation on the data vector using a precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector; performing a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to the antenna ports deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal; and sending the target signal to the second device.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, determining Q-channel data to be sent from a first device to a second device includes: obtaining original data to be sent to the second device; and when the rank of the channel matrix of the satellite communication system is Q, splitting the original data into the Q-channel data.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, performing a data stream mapping operation on the Q-channel data to obtain a data vector includes: respectively mapping the Q-channel data to Q transmitting antennas to obtain a plurality of mapped data streams, where the transmitting antennas are used to represent signal transmission paths corresponding to the antennas deployed in the first device; and converting the plurality of mapped data streams into vector representations to obtain the data vector, where one element in the data vector represents the data of one data stream.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, obtaining the coordinates of the first device and the coordinates of the second device; calculating the distance between the first device and the second device according to the coordinates of the first device and the coordinates of the second device; calculating the path loss of the data signal transmitted between the first device and the second device according to the carrier frequency of the satellite communication system and the distance between the first device and the second device; and determining the precoding matrix by using the path loss, where the precoding matrix is used to represent the adjustment of the signal transmission between the first device and the second device.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the precoding matrix by using the path loss includes: constructing a path loss matrix of the second device by using the path loss; when it is determined that the first device has a plurality of antenna ports, constructing a gain adjustment matrix of the first device by using the path loss matrix, where the gain adjustment matrix is used to control the intensity of the signal transmission between the first device and the second device; performing a normalization process on the gain adjustment matrix to obtain a channel amplitude matrix; and determining the precoding matrix by using the channel amplitude matrix.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the precoding matrix by using the channel amplitude matrix includes: constructing a phase adjustment matrix of the second device by using the coordinates of the first device, the coordinates of the second device, and the number of antennas configured in the second device; constructing a channel matrix between the second device and the first device by using the phase adjustment matrix, where the channel matrix includes the amplitude and phase of the signal transmitted between the first device and the second device; and constructing the precoding matrix according to the channel matrix between the second device and the first device.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, performing a precoding operation on a data vector by using a precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector, including: calculating a product between each element in the precoding matrix and each element in the data vector; and calculating the first vector by using the product results.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, performing a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to antenna ports deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal, including: adjusting the transmission power of the first vector according to the number of the antenna ports to obtain an adjusted vector; and converting the adjusted vector into a radio frequency signal to obtain the target signal.

[0014] According to another embodiment of the present application, a data receiving method is provided, including: receiving, by an antenna port deployed in a second device, a target signal sent by a first device, where both the first device and the second device are devices deployed in a satellite communication system, the target signal is a signal determined based on Q-channel data sent by the first device to the second device, and Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device; performing a phase rotation operation on the target signal to obtain a third vector; performing a demodulation operation and a decoding operation on the third vector to recover a data vector from the third vector, where the data vector is used to represent a data stream set of Q-channel data; and merging the data stream set of Q-channel data to obtain original data.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, performing a phase rotation operation on the target signal to obtain a third vector, including: obtaining coordinates of the first device and coordinates of the second device; and calculating a relative position between the first device and the second device according to the coordinates of the first device and the coordinates of the second device.

[0016] Calculating phase rotation adjustment values of a plurality of antenna ports deployed in the second device by using the relative position and the number of antennas deployed in the second device; constructing a phase rotation matrix based on the plurality of phase rotation adjustment values, where diagonal elements of the phase rotation matrix are phase rotation factors of the plurality of antenna ports; and performing the phase rotation operation on the target signal by using the phase rotation matrix to supplement phase differences between the plurality of antenna ports to obtain the third vector.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, performing a demodulation operation and a decoding operation on the third vector to recover a data vector from the third vector includes: performing the demodulation operation on the third vector to recover a demodulated data stream from the third vector; and performing the decoding operation on the demodulated data stream by using a decoding matrix corresponding to a precoding matrix of the second device to obtain the data vector, where the precoding matrix is a matrix used by the first device when performing a precoding operation on the data vector.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, combining a data stream set of the Q-channel data to obtain original data includes: serially mapping a plurality of parallel data streams in the data stream set to convert the plurality of data streams in the data stream set into a serial data stream; and combining the serial data stream to obtain the original data.

[0019] According to another embodiment of the present application, there is provided a data sending device, including a first memory, a first processor, and a first computer program stored on the first memory and executable on the first processor. When the first processor executes the first computer program, the following operations are implemented: determining Q-channel data to be sent by a first device to a second device, where the first device and the second device are both devices deployed in a satellite communication system, and Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device; performing a data stream mapping operation on the Q-channel data to obtain a data vector, where the data vector is used to represent a data stream set of the Q-channel data; performing a precoding operation on the data vector by using a precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector; performing a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to antenna ports deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal; and sending the target signal to the second device.

[0020] According to another embodiment of the present application, a data receiving device is provided, including a second memory, a second processor, and a second computer program stored on the second memory and executable on the second processor. When the second processor executes the second computer program, the following operations are implemented: receiving a target signal sent by a first device through an antenna port deployed in a second device, where both the first device and the second device are devices deployed in a satellite communication system, and the target signal is a signal determined based on Q-channel data sent from the first device to the second device, and Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device; performing a phase rotation operation on the target signal to obtain a third vector; performing a demodulation operation and a decoding operation on the third vector to recover a data vector from the third vector, where the data vector is used to represent a data stream set of Q-channel data; and merging the data stream set of the Q-channel data to obtain original data.

[0021] According to yet another embodiment of the present application, a satellite communication system is further provided, including a sending device and a receiving device. When the sending device executes, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of the above. When the receiving device executes, it implements the steps of the method described in any one of the above.

[0022] According to yet another embodiment of the present application, a computer program product is further provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any one of the above method embodiments.

[0023] According to yet another embodiment of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided. A computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, where the computer program is configured to execute the steps in any one of the above method embodiments when running.

[0024] According to yet another embodiment of the present application, an electronic device is further provided, including a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to execute the steps in any one of the above method embodiments.

[0025] With this application, by performing a data stream mapping operation on the Q-channel data to be sent to the second device to obtain a data vector, performing a precoding operation on the data vector using the precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector; performing a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to the antenna ports deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal; and sending the target signal to the second device. The spectrum can be utilized more effectively. The data streams on each subcarrier are independently modulated and transmitted through the precoding matrix. Even in an environment with severe multipath propagation and channel interference, a high spectrum efficiency can be maintained. Moreover, through the dynamic adjustment of the precoding matrix, the transmission of signals in the channel can be optimized, the interference between signals can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the channel can be increased. Therefore, the problems of limited data transmission rate, low spectrum efficiency, and insufficient channel utilization rate in satellite communication in the related art can be solved, and the effects of improving the utilization rate and transmission rate of the channel can be achieved. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a server device for a data sending method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a data sending method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 5 is a flowchart of a data receiving method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 is a structure block diagram of a satellite communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a system channel according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 is a structure block diagram of a data sending device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 9 is a structure block diagram of a data receiving device according to an embodiment of the present application. Detailed Embodiments

[0035] In the following, the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0036] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and the above-mentioned drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily need to be used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0037] The method embodiments provided in the embodiments of this application can be executed in a satellite server device or a similar computing device in a satellite communication system. Taking the operation on a satellite server device as an example, Figure 1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a satellite server device for a data sending method according to an embodiment of this application. As Figure 1 shown, for the satellite server device, the server may act as a ground station, receive data sent back by the satellite, and forward this data to other ground stations or end users. It may include one or more ( Figure 1 only one is shown in the figure) processors 102 (the processor 102 may include, but is not limited to, a processing device such as a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA, etc. The processor is responsible for executing tasks related to communication, navigation, data processing, instruction parsing, system monitoring, and fault recovery) and a memory 104 for storing data (in satellite communication, the memory is used to store communication protocols, user data, satellite status information, fault logs, and algorithms for data processing and forwarding). Among them, the above-mentioned satellite server device may further include a transmission device 106 for communication functions (in a satellite, the transmission device is used to send and receive signals to achieve wireless communication) and an input / output device 108 (in satellite communication, the input / output device may include interfaces for communicating with a ground station or other satellites, and interfaces for communicating with other systems on the satellite (such as a power system, an attitude control system). For example, a core network interface is used to establish a connection with other network components to achieve networked transmission of data). Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that Figure 1 the structure shown is only schematic and does not limit the structure of the above-mentioned satellite server device. For example, the satellite server device may further include more or fewer components than Figure 1 shown in the figure, or have a different configuration from Figure 1 shown in the figure.

[0038] The memory 104 can be used to store computer programs, for example, software programs and modules of application software, such as the computer program corresponding to the data sending method in the embodiments of the present application. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer program stored in the memory 104, that is, implements the above-mentioned method. The memory 104 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memories. In some instances, the memory 104 may further include a memory remotely disposed relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories can be connected to the satellite server device through a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include but are not limited to the Internet, enterprise intranet, local area network, mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0039] The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. Specific examples of the above-mentioned network may include a wireless network provided by a communication provider of the satellite server device. In one instance, the transmission device 106 includes a network adapter (abbreviated as NIC), which can be connected to other network devices through a base station and thus communicate with the Internet. In one instance, the transmission device 106 can be a radio frequency (RF) module, which is used to communicate with the Internet wirelessly.

[0040] In this embodiment, a data sending method is provided. Figure 2 is a flowchart of the data sending method according to the embodiments of the present application, as Figure 2 shown, and this process includes the following steps:

[0041] Step S202, determine Q-channel data to be sent from the first device to the second device, where the first device and the second device are both devices deployed in the satellite communication system, and Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device;

[0042] Optionally, this embodiment includes but is not limited to being applied to scenarios in the satellite communication system where multiple transmit antennas and receive antennas are respectively used at the transmitting end and the receiving end, and signals are transmitted and received through multiple antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end. The spatial resources can be fully utilized, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can be achieved through multiple antennas. Without increasing the spectrum resources and the antenna transmission power, the system channel capacity can be doubled. For example, as Figure 3 shown, this embodiment is applicable to scenarios where within the beam coverage range of a low-earth orbit single satellite, the satellite has two or more independent antenna ports, the terminal has two or more independent antenna ports, and a MIMO communication system is constructed for space diversity and space multiplexing. For another example, as Figure 4As shown, this embodiment is applicable to scenarios where, within the overlapping coverage range of a single low-earth orbit satellite or adjacent satellites with multiple beams, the satellite has one or more independent antenna ports, and the terminal has two or more independent antenna ports, to construct a MIMO communication system for spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing scenarios.

[0043] Optionally, the satellite communication system in this embodiment refers to a system that uses artificial satellites for data transmission and is applied in fields such as civil and commercial communications. For example, a communication system based on MIMO.

[0044] Optionally, the first device in this embodiment refers to a device that transmits data, which can be a communication payload on a satellite or other transmitting terminals. The second device refers to a device that receives data, which can be a ground station, other satellites, or mobile terminals (e.g., user equipment).

[0045] Optionally, the Q-channel data in this embodiment represents the number of data streams to be transmitted. The value of Q is a natural number and is less than or equal to the number of antennas configured at the first device (transmitting end), corresponding to the number of data streams in MIMO technology. The Q-channel data sent from the first device to the second device includes the following aspects: The data to be sent from one first device to one second device is Q-channel data, and all Q-channel data is generated by one first device; the data to be sent from one first device to multiple second devices is a total of Q-channel data, and all Q-channel data is generated by one first device; the data to be sent from multiple first devices to one second device is a total of Q-channel data, and the Q-channel data is generated by multiple first devices; the data to be sent from multiple first devices to multiple second devices is a total of Q-channel data, and the Q-channel data is generated by multiple first devices and sent to multiple second devices. For example, in a MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) system, the value of Q usually depends on the antenna configuration and channel conditions in the system, and it represents the number of independent data streams that can be transmitted simultaneously at the transmitting end. The value of Q depends on several key factors: the number of transmitting antennas, the number of receiving antennas, channel conditions, precoding and signal processing, system design, and resource allocation. Therefore, the value of Q is a dynamically adjustable parameter that is jointly affected by the hardware configurations of the transmitting and receiving ends, the channel state, the signal processing strategy, and the system resource allocation strategy. In the optimal case, Q can be equal to the number of transmitting antennas N_t, but in practical applications, Q is usually less than N_t, depending on the comprehensive influence of the above factors.

[0046] For example, in the scenario of the above MIMO system, if the transmitting end (the first device, such as a satellite) has 4 antenna ports, then theoretically Q can take a value of 4. However, if the receiving end (the second device, such as a ground station) has only 2 antenna ports and the channel condition (such as an LOS channel) limits the rank of the channel, then Q may only be able to take a value of 2 or less, even if there are additional antenna ports available at the transmitting end. In this case, the transmitting end can only utilize some of the antenna ports for spatial multiplexing, and the remaining antenna ports may be used to provide additional spatial diversity or for other purposes, or the remaining antenna ports are used to send data to other receiving ends.

[0047] Step S204: Perform a data stream mapping operation on the Q paths of data to obtain a data vector, where the data vector is used to represent the data stream set of the Q paths of data.

[0048] Optionally, the data stream mapping operation in this embodiment is a process of mapping the original data stream to multiple antennas at the transmitting end so as to utilize MIMO for spatial multiplexing or diversity. For example, in an MIMO system, multiple antennas can be used for transmission and reception simultaneously, which provides the possibility for parallel data transmission, thereby significantly improving the system capacity and data transmission rate. Data stream mapping is an important link to achieve this goal, and it converts the original data stream into a format suitable for MIMO transmission. The factors considered in the data stream mapping operation include but are not limited to: channel state information, antenna configuration, data stream allocation strategy, precoding matrix, resource efficiency.

[0049] Optionally, the data vector in this embodiment represents a set of Q paths of data, usually a column vector, where each element corresponds to a data stream.

[0050] Step S206: Perform a precoding operation on the data vector using the precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector.

[0051] Optionally, in an MIMO system, the precoding matrix is a matrix used to encode the data vector, which optimizes the transmission of data in space and improves the channel utilization rate and the reliability of data transmission.

[0052] Step S208: Perform a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to the antenna ports deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal.

[0053] Optionally, the first vector and the target signal respectively represent the data vector after the precoding operation and after the gain adjustment operation.

[0054] Optionally, the gain adjustment operation needs to adjust the amplitude of the transmitted signal according to the antenna configuration of the second device (receiving end) to ensure that the signal can be correctly decoded at the receiving end.

[0055] Step S210, send the target signal to the second device.

[0056] For example, in a specific embodiment, assume that the first device (satellite) is configured with 4 antenna ports and the second device (ground terminal) is configured with 2 antenna ports, including the following steps:

[0057] Step S302, determine the Q-channel data to be sent from the satellite to the ground terminal. For example, Q = 2, that is, the satellite is ready to send 2 data streams.

[0058] Step S304, perform a data stream mapping operation on the 2 data streams to obtain a data vector.

[0059] Step S306, perform a precoding operation on the data vector using a precoding matrix to obtain a first vector.

[0060] Step S308, perform a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to the 2 antenna ports of the ground terminal.

[0061] Step S310, the satellite sends the target signal to the ground terminal. The ground terminal receives and processes the signal, and restores the original 2 data streams through precoding and demodulation.

[0062] In this embodiment, the execution subject of the above steps may be a terminal, a server, a specific processor set in the terminal or the server, or a processor or processing device set relatively independently of the terminal or the server, but not limited thereto. For example, a satellite in a MIMO system that needs to send data.

[0063] Through the above steps, since a data stream mapping operation is performed on the Q-channel data to be sent to the second device to obtain a data vector, a precoding operation is performed on the data vector using the precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector; a gain adjustment operation is performed on the first vector according to the antenna ports deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal; and the target signal is sent to the second device. The spectrum can be utilized more effectively, and the data streams on each subcarrier are independently modulated and transmitted through the precoding matrix. And through the dynamic adjustment of the precoding matrix, the transmission of the signal in the channel can be optimized, the interference between signals can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the channel can be improved. Therefore, the problems of limited data transmission rate, low spectrum efficiency, and insufficient channel utilization rate in satellite communication in the related art can be solved, and the effects of improving the channel utilization rate and transmission rate can be achieved.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the Q-channel data to be sent from the first device to the second device includes: obtaining the original data to be sent to the second device; and dividing the original data into Q-channel data when the rank of the channel matrix in the satellite communication system is Q.

[0065] Optionally, in a satellite communication system, the original data can be signals from different data sources, such as sensor data, user-uploaded files, real-time video streams, voice call data, etc. These data may undergo some basic encoding processes before transmission, such as error control encoding (e.g., forward error correction codes), to increase the robustness of the data during transmission. However, they have not been mapped to the data streams of specific antennas in the MIMO system, nor have they undergone MIMO-specific processing steps such as precoding or modulation. For example: In a low-earth orbit satellite communication system, a satellite (the first device) may receive a high-definition video stream sent from a ground control center, and these video streams need to be transmitted in real-time to multiple ground receiving stations (the second device). Before the satellite is ready to send these video streams to the receiving stations, these video streams are the original data to be sent to the second device. Another example is when a user uses satellite phone service, the user's voice data is collected and encoded by a mobile phone (the first device) and becomes a digital signal. These digital signals, that is, the user's voice data, are the original data to be sent to the satellite (the second device) to enable a remote call.

[0066] Optionally, in a satellite communication system, when the rank of the system channel matrix is determined to be Q, the original data is split into Q data streams. This process allows the system to utilize the spatial multiplexing ability of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology to simultaneously transmit multiple independent data streams through different antenna ports, thereby significantly improving the system capacity and data transmission rate.

[0067] Among them, the rank of the channel matrix reflects the number of independent transmission paths in the channel. This means that if the rank of the channel matrix is Q, theoretically it can support the simultaneous transmission of Q independent data streams, and each data stream can be independently encoded, modulated, and precoded to fully utilize the spatial resources.

[0068] The specific splitting steps include:

[0069] S1, The satellite or its ground control station collects or generates the original data, which can be text, image, audio, video, or any other type of information.

[0070] S2, The satellite calculates the system channel matrix based on the current channel state information (CSI), including path loss, atmospheric attenuation, multipath effects, etc., and determines its rank to be Q. This step requires the use of the position information of the satellite and the receiving terminal, known gain adjustment and phase adjustment parameters, and knowledge of the precoding matrix.

[0071] S3, The original data is split into Q independent data streams. This splitting can be done by multiplexing the data streams in time, frequency, or code division, or using a dedicated data splitting algorithm that takes into account the characteristics of the data and the characteristics of the channel matrix.

[0072] In this embodiment, by splitting the original data into Q parallel transmissions, the amount of data transmitted in a single transmission can be significantly increased, thereby improving the transmission rate. It can also improve the reliability and flexibility of transmission, reduce latency, and thus provide users with higher-quality, more efficient, and more reliable communication services.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, a data stream mapping operation is performed on the Q-channel data to obtain a data vector, including: mapping the Q-channel data to Q transmitting antennas respectively to obtain a plurality of mapped data streams, where the transmitting antenna is used to represent a signal transmission path corresponding to the antennas deployed in the first device; converting the plurality of mapped data streams into a vector representation to obtain a data vector, where an element in the data vector represents the data of a data stream.

[0074] Optionally, mapping the Q-channel data to Q transmitting antennas respectively specifically includes the following steps:

[0075] S1, data stream generation: The satellite communication system first generates Q independent data streams, and each data stream can carry different information or data packets.

[0076] S2, transmitting antenna definition: Each transmitting antenna corresponds to a signal path from the satellite to the ground station. Even if only a small number of physical antennas are configured on the satellite, through the channel model and precoding technology, a transmission path can be defined for each data stream, so as to simulate the effect of multi-antenna transmission.

[0077] S3, layer mapping: Map the Q-channel data streams to Q transmitting antennas respectively. This step can be regarded as matching the data stream with a specific signal transmission path, and each data stream is transmitted through a different transmitting antenna path to achieve spatial multiplexing.

[0078] For example, consider a low-earth orbit satellite communication system, where the satellite is configured with 2 physical antennas, but through channel characteristic analysis, the system can support the transmission of 4 independent data streams. In this case, 4 transmitting antennas can be defined, and each antenna corresponds to a signal path adjusted by precoding technology. The satellite splits the original data into 4 channels, maps each data stream to a transmitting antenna, and then processes it using a precoding matrix, so that these data streams can be transmitted independently in space. By mapping the data stream in the case of a limited number of physical antennas, the satellite communication system can also achieve spatial multiplexing, improve the spectrum efficiency, and increase the data transmission rate.

[0079] In this embodiment, by representing the data stream in vector form, the satellite communication system can achieve more efficient data transmission, improve the spectrum utilization rate and data transmission rate, reduce the interference between signals at the same time, and enhance the reliability and throughput of communication.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, before performing a precoding operation on a data vector using a precoding matrix of a second device to obtain a first vector, the method further includes: obtaining coordinates of the first device and coordinates of the second device; calculating a distance between the first device and the second device according to the coordinates of the first device and the coordinates of the second device; calculating a path loss of transmitting a data signal between the first device and the second device according to a carrier frequency of the satellite communication system and the distance between the first device and the second device; and determining the precoding matrix by using the path loss, where the precoding matrix is used to represent adjusting signal transmission between the first device and the second device.

[0081] Optionally, the first device in this embodiment includes but is not limited to a satellite device, and may be multiple or one. The second device includes but is not limited to a user device, and may be multiple or one. For example, in a case where the first device includes L satellite devices and the second device includes K user devices, the coordinates of the L satellite devices and the K user devices all come from a global navigation satellite system or ephemeris data, which can provide the precise positions of the satellites, including longitude, latitude, and altitude. The position information of the user device may also be obtained in a similar manner or determined based on the position information reported by the user device to the satellite.

[0082] Optionally, according to the coordinates of the L satellite devices and the K user devices, the distance between each satellite device and each user device can be calculated using the formula for the distance between two points in three-dimensional space. For example, according to the known coordinates P sat,l (l = 1, 2... L) of the L satellites and the coordinates P ue,k (k = 1, 2... K) of the K terminals, the distances d l,k (l = 1, 2... L k = 1, 2... K) between the L satellites and the K terminals are calculated.

[0083] Optionally, according to the carrier frequency f c of the satellite communication system and the calculated satellite-ground distance d l,k , the free space path loss formula can be used to calculate the path loss loss l,k between the L satellite devices and the K user devices: , where 32.45 is the path loss at the reference point (at 1 MHz and 1 km), log{} represents the logarithm to the base {}, f c is the carrier frequency in MHz, and d l,k is the distance in km.

[0084] Optionally, determining the precoding matrix using path loss includes: constructing a path loss matrix of the second device using path loss; when it is determined that the first device has multiple antenna ports, constructing a gain adjustment matrix of the first device using the path loss matrix, where the gain adjustment matrix is used to control the signal transmission intensity between the first device and the second device; performing normalization processing on the gain adjustment matrix to obtain a channel amplitude matrix; and determining the precoding matrix using the channel amplitude matrix.

[0085] In this embodiment, the path loss matrix reflects the attenuation of signal transmission between the satellite device and the user device. Given L satellite devices and K user devices, a path loss matrix can be constructed, where each element represents the path loss from the l-th satellite device to the k-th user device. For example, when the second device is user k, the matrix of the path loss of user k established is: .

[0086] Optionally, if the first device (i.e., the satellite device) has multiple antenna ports, the path loss matrix can be used to construct a gain adjustment matrix for controlling the signal transmission intensity. The construction goal of the gain adjustment matrix is usually to optimize the signal quality in the satellite-ground link, considering the path loss between all satellite devices and user devices. In a simple scenario, the construction of the gain adjustment matrix may be based on the criterion of minimizing the total path loss of all user devices or maximizing the channel capacity. For example, constructing the gain adjustment matrix of the first device using the path loss matrix is: , where g M is used to represent the gain of the first to M antennas.

[0087] Optionally, performing normalization processing on the gain adjustment matrix can obtain a channel amplitude matrix. Normalization processing is usually to ensure fair power distribution on all signal transmission paths and avoid communication problems caused by too large or too small signal intensity. The specific normalization method can be to divide each row or column of the gain adjustment matrix by its row or column norm (or sum) to ensure that the transmission power of each antenna port remains constant or meets a certain power distribution strategy. For example, after the gain adjustment matrix is normalized, the formed channel amplitude matrix is: .

[0088] Optionally, determining the precoding matrix using the channel amplitude matrix includes: constructing a phase adjustment matrix of the second device using the coordinates of the first device, the coordinates of the second device, and the number of antennas configured in the second device; constructing a channel matrix between the second device and the first device using the phase adjustment matrix, where the channel matrix includes the amplitude and phase of the signal transmitted between the first device and the second device; and constructing the precoding matrix according to the channel matrix between the second device and the first device.

[0089] In this embodiment, the calculation of the precoding matrix usually depends on the channel state information of the system. However, in this scenario, due to the characteristics of the satellite-ground LOS channel, the CSI may not be obtained entirely using traditional channel estimation methods. Therefore, the calculation of the precoding matrix may be based on the channel matrix and other prior information about the satellite-ground LOS channel, such as Doppler shift, phase rotation, etc.

[0090] The design goal of the precoding matrix is to optimize the spatial multiplexing ability of the MIMO system, reduce interference between signals, and improve the channel capacity. This may involve using linear precoding methods such as minimum mean square error (MMSE), zero forcing (ZF), etc., or may involve more complex precoding techniques, such as machine learning-based methods, to further improve communication performance.

[0091] For example, for user k (the second device), the phase adjustment matrix is established as: , where , then the channel matrix between the first device and the second device, including amplitude and phase, for user k can be obtained as: ;

[0092] For K M*N K MIMO systems, the channel matrix is: , where M is the total number of antennas configured on the satellite, and N K is the number of antennas configured for the Kth user. By using methods such as ZF and MMSE, the corresponding space-time precoding matrix can be obtained. Taking MMSE as an example, the space-time precoding matrix is: , where W k represents the precoding matrix for the Kth user.

[0093] Through the above steps, the satellite communication system can construct a series of matrices (path loss matrix, gain adjustment matrix, channel amplitude matrix, and precoding matrix) based on the satellite-ground distance and the characteristics of the LOS channel to reduce signal interference, thereby improving the communication performance and capacity of the system.

[0094] In an exemplary embodiment, performing a precoding operation on a data vector using the precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector includes: calculating the product between each element in the precoding matrix and each element in the data vector; calculating the first vector using the product results.

[0095] Optionally, performing a precoding operation on a data vector using the precoding matrix of the second device (usually referring to the receiving end, but in the context of satellite communication, it may refer to a ground terminal or another satellite) is an important part of signal processing in the MIMO system, and its purpose is to more effectively decode and separate the respective data streams at the receiving end.

[0096] Optionally, the precoding operation is essentially a matrix multiplication of a data vector and a precoding matrix. This means that for each element in the data vector, it will be multiplied with the corresponding element in the precoding matrix, and then the results will be added together to generate a first vector.

[0097] The purpose of the precoding operation in this embodiment is to optimize the transmission of signals in the MIMO system, ensuring that under the complex satellite-ground LOS channel conditions of satellite communication, data streams can be transmitted with less interference and a larger channel capacity. At the receiving end, by using the same precoding matrix or its inverse matrix, different data streams can be effectively decoded and separated, thus achieving the communication gains of space diversity and space multiplexing.

[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, a gain adjustment operation is performed on the first vector according to the antenna ports deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal, including: adjusting the transmission power of the first vector according to the number of antenna ports to obtain an adjusted vector; converting the adjusted vector into a radio frequency signal to obtain the target signal.

[0099] Optionally, at the transmitting end (the first device, such as a satellite), the transmission power of the precoded signal vector is adjusted according to the number of antenna ports deployed in the receiving end (the second device). This adjustment is performed based on the channel amplitude matrix and the gain adjustment matrix. The gain adjustment matrix reflects the power allocation strategy of the transmitting end antenna ports to match a specific receiving end antenna configuration.

[0100] This embodiment forms the MIMO channel through the gain adjustment operation, improving the space multiplexing ability and signal reception quality of the MIMO system.

[0101] In this embodiment, a data receiving method is provided. Figure 5 It is a flowchart of the data receiving method according to the embodiments of the present application, as Figure 5 shown, and this process includes the following steps:

[0102] Step S502, receiving the target signal sent by the first device through the antenna ports deployed in the second device, where the first device and the second device are both devices deployed in the satellite communication system, and the target signal is a signal determined based on Q-channel data sent from the first device to the second device, and Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device;

[0103] Optionally, this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, being applied to a scenario in a satellite communication system where multiple transmitting antennas and receiving antennas are respectively used at the transmitting end and the receiving end, and signals are transmitted and received through multiple antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end. Spatial resources can be fully utilized to achieve multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) through multiple antennas. Without increasing the spectrum resources and the antenna transmission power, the system channel capacity can be doubled. For example, as Figure 3 shown, this embodiment is applicable to a scenario where within the beam coverage of a low-earth orbit (LEO) single satellite, the satellite has two or more independent antenna ports, and the terminal has two or more independent antenna ports, and a MIMO communication system is constructed for spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing. Another example, as Figure 4 shown, this embodiment is applicable to a scenario where within the overlapping coverage of multiple beams of a LEO single satellite or adjacent satellites, the satellite has one or more independent antenna ports, and the terminal has two or more independent antenna ports, and a MIMO communication system is constructed for spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing.

[0104] Optionally, the satellite communication system in this embodiment refers to a system that uses artificial satellites for data transmission and is applied to fields such as civil and commercial communications. For example, a communication system based on MIMO.

[0105] Optionally, the first device in this embodiment refers to a device that transmits data, which can be a communication payload on a satellite or other transmitting terminals. The second device refers to a device that receives data, which can be a ground station, other satellites, or a mobile terminal (e.g., a user equipment).

[0106] Optionally, the Q-channel data in this embodiment represents the number of data streams to be transmitted. The value of Q is a natural number and is less than or equal to the number of antennas configured at the first device (transmitting end), corresponding to the number of data streams in MIMO technology. For example, in a MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system, the value of Q usually depends on the antenna configuration and channel conditions in the system, and it represents the number of independent data streams that can be transmitted simultaneously at the transmitting end. The value of Q depends on several key factors: the number of transmitting antennas, the number of receiving antennas, channel conditions, precoding and signal processing, system design, and resource allocation. Therefore, the value of Q is a dynamically adjustable parameter that is jointly affected by the hardware configurations at the transmitting and receiving ends, the channel state, the signal processing strategy, and the system resource allocation strategy. In the optimal case, Q can be equal to the number of transmitting antennas N_t, but in practical applications, Q is usually less than N_t, depending on the comprehensive influence of the above factors.

[0107] For example, in the scenario of the above MIMO system, if the transmitting end (the first device, such as a satellite) has 4 antenna ports, then theoretically Q can take a value of 4. However, if the receiving end (the second device, such as a ground station) has only 2 antenna ports, and the channel conditions (such as the LOS channel) limit the rank of the channel, then Q may only be able to take a value of 2 or less, even if there are additional antenna ports available at the transmitting end. In this case, the transmitting end can only utilize some of the antenna ports for spatial multiplexing, and the remaining antenna ports may be used to provide additional spatial diversity or for other purposes.

[0108] Step S504: Perform a phase rotation operation on the target signal to obtain a third vector.

[0109] Optionally, the phase rotation operation in this embodiment is to perform matrix multiplication on the target signal (the received RF signal vector) using a phase rotation matrix to adjust the phase of the signal. In a satellite communication system, the phase rotation matrix is usually a diagonal matrix, where the elements on the diagonal are complex numbers, representing the phase rotation factors of the signals at each antenna port.

[0110] Step S506: Perform a demodulation operation and a decoding operation on the third vector to recover a data vector from the third vector, where the data vector is used to represent a set of data streams of Q channels.

[0111] Optionally, the demodulation operation is a process of converting the modulated RF signal back to its original baseband signal form. In satellite communication, the transmitting end may adopt various modulation techniques, such as QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying), etc., to improve the data transmission rate and efficiency.

[0112] Optionally, the decoding operation is a key step in recovering the original data, which involves converting the baseband signal obtained after demodulation back to the original data stream. Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding techniques, such as Turbo codes, convolutional codes, or LDPC codes, etc., are usually used in the decoding process to correct errors that may occur during transmission.

[0113] After the above demodulation and decoding operations, the receiving end can recover the data vector from the third vector, where the data vector contains a set of Q-channel data streams. The recovery of the data vector ensures that the receiving end can obtain the original information sent by the transmitting end, and can maintain the accuracy and integrity of data transmission even under complex channel conditions.

[0114] For example, in a low-earth orbit satellite communication system, the ground receiving end receives the radio frequency signal from the satellite and compensates for the phase change of the LOS channel through phase rotation operation. Subsequently, a demodulation operation is performed to recover the baseband signal, and then a decoding operation is carried out to correct possible transmission errors, and finally the set of data streams originally sent by the satellite, that is, the data vector, is recovered. The recovery of the set of data streams is the basis for efficient and reliable data transmission in the satellite communication MIMO system. Through precise demodulation and decoding, even under the conditions of high-speed satellite movement and complex channel conditions, the ground receiving device can ensure the recovery of the original data from the received signal, realize the gains of space diversity and space multiplexing, and improve the system capacity and transmission quality.

[0115] Step S508: Merge the set of data streams of Q channels to obtain the original data.

[0116] Optionally, in a satellite communication system, after the receiving end (the second device) receives these data streams through multiple antenna ports deployed thereon, it is necessary to merge them into the original data. This process is called data stream merging.

[0117] After the receiving end decodes and demodulates each data stream, Q independent digital signal data streams will be obtained. These data streams were originally transmitted in parallel, so it is necessary to convert them from the parallel format to the serial format, that is, recombine these data streams in the order of the original data. This process is usually called parallel / serial conversion (P / S conversion), which is a key step in merging data streams.

[0118] The data stream recombination involves performing the inverse operation of the data stream mapping at the transmitting end. When performing data stream mapping at the transmitting end, techniques such as layer mapping, space multiplexing, or space diversity may be used to split the original data stream into Q independent data streams. The receiving end needs to perform the opposite operation to recombine these independent data streams into the original continuous data stream or data block.

[0119] During the data stream merging process, error detection and correction operations may also need to be performed. Because in satellite communication, the signal may be affected by channel noise, interference, and fading, resulting in errors in the data during transmission. The receiving end uses forward error correction (FEC) techniques, such as convolutional codes, Turbo codes, or LDPC codes, to detect and correct these errors to ensure the integrity of the data.

[0120] The merged data stream needs to be unpacked to remove any additional encapsulation added at the transmitting end, such as frame headers, packet headers, or modulation coding information, to recover the original data information. Unpacking is the last step in data recovery, ensuring that the receiving end can correctly parse and use the received data.

[0121] After all the above steps, the receiving end will obtain the original data, which can be further processed or directly passed to the application. The format and content of the original data are exactly the same as the data initially sent by the transmitting end, except that they have gone through a series of signal processing and recovery operations.

[0122] For example, in a 2x2 MIMO low-earth orbit satellite communication system, the transmitting end splits the original data into two independent data streams and transmits them through two antennas. After receiving these data streams through two antennas, the receiving end performs demodulation, decoding, and phase rotation operations to recover the two data streams. Subsequently, the receiving end serializes these two data streams, that is, recombines them according to the original data stream mapping order at the transmitting end, removes any errors, and unpacks to recover the original data so that the user equipment or ground station can process and use it.

[0123] Through this series of data processing and recovery operations, the satellite communication system can effectively recover the data initially sent by the transmitting device in the ground receiving device, ensuring the accuracy and integrity of data transmission even in the presence of various channel challenges, thereby improving the communication efficiency and user experience of the system.

[0124] In this embodiment, the execution entity of the above steps can be a terminal, a server, a specific processor set in the terminal or the server, or a processor or processing device independently set relative to the terminal or the server, but not limited thereto. For example, a user equipment that receives data sent by a satellite in a MIMO system.

[0125] Through the above steps, since the target signal sent by the first device is received through the antenna port deployed in the second device, a phase rotation operation is performed on the target signal to obtain a third vector; a demodulation operation and a decoding operation are performed on the third vector to recover a data vector from the third vector, where the data vector is used to represent a data stream set of Q channels; the data stream sets of Q channels are merged to obtain the original data. The spectrum can be more effectively utilized. The data streams on each subcarrier are independently modulated and transmitted through a precoding matrix. Even in an environment with severe multipath propagation and channel interference, a high spectral efficiency can be maintained. And through the dynamic adjustment of the precoding matrix, the transmission of signals in the channel can be optimized, the interference between signals can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the channel can be improved. Therefore, the problems of limited data transmission rate, low spectral efficiency, and insufficient channel utilization rate in satellite communication in the related art can be solved, and the effects of improving the channel utilization rate and transmission rate can be achieved.

[0126] In an exemplary embodiment, performing a phase rotation operation on a target signal to obtain a third vector includes: acquiring the coordinates of a first device and the coordinates of a second device; calculating the relative position between the first device and the second device according to the coordinates of the first device and the coordinates of the second device; calculating phase rotation adjustment values for a plurality of antenna ports deployed in the second device by using the relative position and the number of antennas deployed in the second device; constructing a phase rotation matrix based on the plurality of phase rotation adjustment values, where the diagonal elements of the phase rotation matrix are phase rotation factors of the plurality of antenna ports; and performing a phase rotation operation on the target signal by using the phase rotation matrix to supplement the phase differences between the plurality of antenna ports to obtain a third vector.

[0127] Optionally, in a satellite communication system, the receiving end (second device) first needs to acquire the coordinate information of the transmitting end (first device, usually a satellite) and its own coordinate information. This coordinate information is usually obtained through GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo or Beidou system, or determined by other satellite positioning technologies such as ephemeris information.

[0128] Optionally, calculate the relative position between the first device (satellite) and the second device (ground receiving device) according to the coordinate information of the two devices. This relative position information is crucial for calculating the phase differences caused by the relative motion between the satellite and the receiving end.

[0129] Optionally, use the calculated relative position information and the number of antennas at the receiving end to calculate the phase rotation adjustment value for each antenna port according to a specific algorithm. These adjustment values are designed to compensate for the phase changes in the LOS channel transmission to ensure that the signal can be correctly decoded and processed at the receiving end.

[0130] Optionally, construct a phase rotation matrix based on the calculated plurality of phase rotation adjustment values. In a satellite communication MIMO system, this matrix is a diagonal matrix, where the elements on the diagonal are phase rotation factors calculated according to the antenna ports.

[0131] Optionally, the receiving end performs a phase rotation operation on the target signal (received RF signal vector) by using the constructed phase rotation matrix. This operation is completed through matrix multiplication, multiplying the target signal by the phase rotation matrix to obtain a third vector, where the phase of the signal has been adjusted to compensate for the phase changes in the LOS channel. The third vector contains the signals after phase compensation, and these signals can be further demodulated and decoded to recover the data stream originally transmitted by the transmitting end.

[0132] Through the above steps, even in the case of high-speed relative motion between the satellite and the receiving device, the satellite communication system can recover the original data, thereby improving the stability and reliability of communication.

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, a demodulation operation and a decoding operation are performed on a third vector to recover a data vector from the third vector, including: performing a demodulation operation on the third vector to recover a demodulated data stream from the third vector; and performing a decoding operation on the demodulated data stream by using a decoding matrix corresponding to a precoding matrix of a second device to obtain a data vector, where the precoding matrix is a matrix used by a first device when performing a precoding operation on the data vector.

[0134] Optionally, carrier synchronization and bit synchronization need to be performed first in the demodulation operation to ensure that the received signal is aligned with the transmitted signal in terms of timing and frequency. The receiving end needs to recover the carrier frequency of the received signal and perform demodulation using the same modulation scheme as the transmitting end to extract the bit stream of the digital signal from the third vector. After the demodulation operation, the third vector is converted into a set of demodulated data streams, which contain the original bit information of the Q-channel data stream transmitted by the transmitting end but may still be affected by channel noise and interference.

[0135] Optionally, the decoding operation is intended to correct errors in the demodulated data stream and recover the originally transmitted data vector. In a MIMO system, the transmitting end uses a precoding matrix to perform a precoding operation on the data vector to achieve spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing. Therefore, the receiving end needs to use a decoding matrix (the inverse matrix of the precoding matrix) corresponding to the precoding matrix to perform the decoding operation.

[0136] Optionally, the receiving end constructs a corresponding decoding matrix based on the channel matrix estimation and the precoding matrix used by the transmitting end. The receiving end performs a matrix multiplication operation on the demodulated data stream using the decoding matrix to eliminate the channel influence and recover the data vector before transmission:

[0137] Optionally, after the decoding operation, the receiving end may use forward error correction (FEC) techniques such as Turbo codes, LDPC codes, or convolutional codes, etc., to detect and correct errors that may be introduced during signal transmission to improve the reliability of the data.

[0138] Optionally, the receiving end reorganizes and encapsulates the Q-channel data streams to recover the original data originally transmitted by the transmitting end.

[0139] Through the demodulation and decoding operations in this embodiment, the ground receiving device can effectively recover the data vector transmitted by the transmitting end. Even in a complex channel environment, it can ensure the accurate transmission of data, achieve the performance gain of spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing in the MIMO communication system, and improve the system capacity and spectral efficiency. This process is an essential part of the design of the satellite communication MIMO system, ensuring high-quality data transmission and services.

[0140] In an exemplary embodiment, a set of data streams of Q-channel data is merged to obtain original data, including: serially mapping multiple parallel data streams in the set of data streams to convert the multiple data streams in the set of data streams into a serial data stream; and merging the serial data stream to obtain the original data.

[0141] Optionally, in a satellite communication MIMO system, the transmitting end splits the original data and maps it to Q-channel parallel data streams for transmission through multiple antenna ports. After demodulation and decoding at the receiving end, the same number of parallel data streams is obtained. To reconstruct the original data, the receiving end needs to perform a serial mapping operation to convert these parallel data streams back into the serial data stream format.

[0142] In this process, the receiving end needs to sort the decoded parallel data streams according to the original data stream mapping order at the transmitting end to ensure their correct sequence.

[0143] Optionally, the sorted parallel data streams are serially mapped, that is, these data streams are recombined in chronological order to form a continuous serial bit stream or byte stream. Serial mapping is a key step in processing parallel data back into the serial format. After completing the serial mapping, the receiving end obtains a continuous serial data stream composed of Q-channel data streams. To restore the complete original data, these serial data streams need to be merged. Based on the serial mapping, the receiving end further reorganizes the data streams to remove any additional information that may be added during parallel transmission, such as forward error correction (FEC) codes, control information, or channel coding information, to ensure the purity of the data stream. Finally, using the reorganized serial data stream as input, operations such as packet reorganization and de-encapsulation are performed to restore the original data initially sent by the transmitting end. This process may involve removing the data packet header, recombining data blocks, performing error detection and correction, etc.

[0144] For example, in a low-earth orbit satellite communication system with 2x2 MIMO, the transmitting end splits the original data into two parallel data streams and sends them through two antenna ports. After demodulation, decoding, and performing a phase rotation operation at the receiving end, two parallel data streams are obtained. Next, the receiving end serially maps these two data streams, recombines them according to the original data stream mapping order at the transmitting end to form a serial bit stream. Finally, through the merging operation of the serial data stream, any additional coding information is removed, the data packets are reorganized, and the original data sent by the transmitting end is restored to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the information.

[0145] This embodiment ensures that even in a complex environment of multi-antenna parallel transmission, the receiving end can accurately recover the original data sent by the transmitting end, improving communication efficiency and reliability.

[0146] In this embodiment, a satellite communication system is also provided.Figure 6 is a structural block diagram of a satellite communication system according to an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 6 shown, the device includes:

[0147] a transmitting device and a receiving device. When the transmitting device executes, it implements the steps of the method in the satellite described above. When the receiving device executes, it implements the steps of the method of the user equipment in the second device described above.

[0148] The first device in this embodiment refers to a device that transmits data, which can be a communication payload on a satellite or other transmitting terminals. The second device refers to a device that receives data, which can be a ground station, other satellites, or a mobile terminal (e.g., a user equipment).

[0149] In the satellite communication system of this embodiment, multiple transmitting antennas and receiving antennas are respectively used at the transmitting end and the receiving end, in the scenario where signals are transmitted and received through multiple antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end. For example, as Figure 3 shown, this embodiment is applicable to the scenario where within the beam coverage of a low-earth orbit single satellite, the satellite has two or more independent antenna ports, the terminal has two or more independent antenna ports, and a MIMO communication system is constructed for space diversity and space multiplexing. For another example, as Figure 4 shown, this embodiment is applicable to the scenario where within the overlapping coverage of a low-earth orbit single satellite or adjacent satellites' multiple beams, the satellite has one or more independent antenna ports, the terminal has two or more independent antenna ports, and a MIMO communication system is constructed for space diversity and space multiplexing.

[0150] When using MIMO technology in the satellite communication system of this embodiment, problems of insufficient channel independence and channel matrix estimation need to be solved. As Figure 7 shown, the left side is a schematic diagram of the channel without using the system channel of this embodiment, and the right side is a schematic diagram of the system channel using this embodiment. Among them, under the channel structure on the left side, the channel matrix is , due to the small scattering and multipath effects of the satellite-ground link, and the phase change cannot be timely feedback and tracked due to the long RTT time. Without considering the phase change caused by the channel, if antenna 1 and 2 are located on the same satellite, then , obviously the rank of this matrix is not 2 and independent data streams cannot be transmitted. If antenna 1 and 2 are located on different satellites, then and , obviously the rank of this matrix is not 2 and independent data streams cannot be transmitted.

[0151] Under the channel structure on the right side, in the case of including gain adjustment at the transmitting end and phase adjustment at the receiving end, the channel matrix is , if antenna 1 and 2 are located on the same satellite, then , but by setting different gain adjustments and phase adjustments, the rank of the channel matrix can be 2, and 2 independent data streams can be transmitted. If antennas 1 and 2 are located on different satellites, and , by setting different phase adjustments, the rank of the channel matrix can be 2, and 2 independent data streams can be transmitted. By superimposing controllable gain and phase adjustments at the transmitter and receiver, a full-rank channel matrix can be obtained.

[0152] Channel matrix estimation part. In this embodiment, the channel matrix is composed of three parts: the path loss between the satellite and the terminal, the gain adjustment superimposed at the transmitter, and the phase adjustment superimposed at the receiver. In satellite communication, usually the terminal reports the position information obtained by GNSS to the satellite, and obtains the position information through the ephemeris information broadcast by the satellite. Therefore, based on the position information of the satellite and the terminal, the value can be obtained. If antennas 1 and 2 are located on different satellites, there is no need to calculate and use . If antennas 1 and 2 are located on the same satellite, then according to the allowable dynamic range of the satellite-ground link, after superimposing the gain adjustment , the reception sensitivity requirement is still satisfied. For the phase adjustment at the receiver, design , where the function is a function of the initial value of the phase adjustment calculated according to the position information of the terminal and the satellite. The same function is used for the satellite and the terminal. According to the calculation result, the terminal is used to perform the phase adjustment of the corresponding antenna port, and the satellite is used to calculate the channel matrix.

[0153] Based on the above analysis, through the known position information of the satellite and the terminal, and the same initial value function of the phase adjustment, without relying on the channel estimation feedback link, the satellite can obtain the complete channel matrix and find the invertible matrix for space-time precoding. The same design principle can be extended from the 2*2 MIMO system to the N*M MIMO system.

[0154] Optionally, as Figure 7 shown, the transmitter (transmitting device) includes: a space-time precoding calculation module, a data stream mapping module, a space-time precoding module, a modulation and coding module. Among them, the space-time precoding calculation module is used to calculate the precoding matrix corresponding to the channel matrix according to the position information of the satellite and the terminal, and the initial value function of the phase adjustment. The data stream mapping module is used to parallel map the transmitted data to the independently demodulable data according to the rank of the channel matrix. The space-time precoding module is used to perform space-time precoding on the corresponding data stream according to the result of the space-time precoding calculation module. The modulation and coding module is used to perform gain control according to the gain modulation result required at different antenna ports of the transmitter.

[0155] The receiving end (receiving device) includes a phase rotation calculation module for calculating the phase rotation adjustment value of the corresponding antenna port according to the position information of the satellite and the terminal and the number of receiving antennas, and a data merging module for serially mapping the parallel data streams that can be independently demodulated to the received data.

[0156] Taking the example of a satellite sending data to a user equipment, the present application will be described in detail below. The specific working process includes the following steps:

[0157] Step S802, according to the coordinates P of the known L satellites sat,l (l = 1, 2... L) and the coordinates P of the K user equipments ue,k (k = 1, 2... K), calculate the distances d between the L satellites and the K user equipments l,k (l = 1, 2... L k = 1, 2... K), and calculate the path loss between the L satellites and the K user equipments according to the carrier frequency f of the satellite communication system c : .

[0158] Step S804, for user k, establish a matrix of path loss:

[0159] ;

[0160] For the case where a satellite has more than 2 antenna ports, the transmission gain is adjusted through the following formula.

[0161] .

[0162] Step S806, based on the adjusted matrix, complete the normalization operation to form a channel amplitude matrix as: .

[0163] Step S808, for user equipment k, establish a phase adjustment matrix as: , where . Then, for user equipment k, the channel matrix including amplitude and phase can be obtained as: .

[0164] Step S810, for the K M*N K MIMO systems, the channel matrix is: .

[0165] By using methods such as ZF and MMSE, the corresponding space-time precoding matrix can be obtained. Taking MMSE as an example here, the space-time precoding matrix is: , where W k represents the precoding matrix of the Kth user.

[0166] Step S812, when the satellite sends Q k channels of data to user equipment k, where Q k has the following restrictions: .

[0167] Step S814, the transmitting - end data - stream mapping function maps the Q k channels of data to be sent in parallel to Q k channels of data streams, and its data vector is: .

[0168] Then the M - channel data vectors of all K terminals are: .

[0169] Step S816, in the transmitting - end space - time precoding module, the satellite pre - codes S k with W k , and the transmitting vector is: ;

[0170] After passing through the transmitting - end gain adjustment, the transmitting vector is:

[0171] , where .

[0172] Step S818, after passing through space propagation and receiving - end phase adjustment, the total vector received by user equipment k is: , where the first term on the right is the signal required by user k, and the second term is the interference caused by other users;

[0173] The last term is additive white Gaussian noise, which is represented by the matrix: , and the second term is eliminated through the processing of space - time precoding.

[0174] Step S820, after the receiving - end passes through the normal demodulation and decoding process, through the data - stream merging module, the Qk channels of data are serially mapped to restore the data stream sent by the transmitting - end.

[0175] Through the description of the above - mentioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the method according to the above - mentioned embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general - purpose hardware platform. Of course, it can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions for causing a terminal device (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments of the present application.

[0176] In this embodiment, a data sending device is further provided. This device is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred implementation manners, and those that have been described will not be repeated. As used hereinafter, the term "module" may be a combination of software and / or hardware that can implement a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.

[0177] Figure 8 is a structural block diagram of a data sending device according to an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 8 shown, the device includes:

[0178] A first memory 82, a first processor 84, and a first computer program 86 stored on the first memory 82 and executable on the first processor 84. When the first processor 84 executes the first computer program 86, the following operations are implemented:

[0179] Determine Q-channel data that the first device is to send to the second device, where both the first device and the second device are devices deployed in a satellite communication system, and Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device;

[0180] Perform a data stream mapping operation on the Q-channel data to obtain a data vector, where the data vector is used to represent a data stream set of the Q-channel data;

[0181] Perform a precoding operation on the data vector using a precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector;

[0182] Perform a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to the antenna ports deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal;

[0183] Send the target signal to the second device.

[0184] In an exemplary embodiment, the above device determines the Q-channel data that the first device is to send to the second device in the following manner: Obtain the original data to be sent to the second device; when the rank of the channel matrix of the satellite communication system is Q, divide the original data into the Q-channel data.

[0185] In an exemplary embodiment, the above device performs a data stream mapping operation on the Q-channel data to obtain a data vector in the following manner: Map the Q-channel data to Q transmitting antennas respectively to obtain a plurality of mapped data streams, where the transmitting antennas are used to represent signal transmission paths corresponding to the antennas deployed in the first device; convert the plurality of mapped data streams into a vector representation to obtain the data vector, where one element in the data vector represents the data of one data stream.

[0186] In an exemplary embodiment, before performing a precoding operation on the data vector using the precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector, the apparatus is further configured to acquire the coordinates of the first device and the coordinates of the second device; calculate the distance between the first device and the second device according to the coordinates of the first device and the coordinates of the second device; calculate the path loss of the data signal transmitted between the first device and the second device according to the carrier frequency of the satellite communication system and the distance between the first device and the second device; and determine the precoding matrix using the path loss, where the precoding matrix is used to represent the adjustment of the signal transmission between the first device and the second device.

[0187] In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus determines the precoding matrix using the path loss in the following manner: construct a path loss matrix of the second device using the path loss; in the case where it is determined that the first device has multiple antenna ports, construct a gain adjustment matrix of the first device using the path loss matrix, where the gain adjustment matrix is used to control the intensity of the signal transmission between the first device and the second device; perform a normalization process on the gain adjustment matrix to obtain a channel amplitude matrix; and determine the precoding matrix using the channel amplitude matrix.

[0188] In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus determines the precoding matrix using the channel amplitude matrix in the following manner: construct a phase adjustment matrix of the second device using the coordinates of the first device, the coordinates of the second device, and the number of antennas configured in the second device; construct a channel matrix between the second device and the first device using the phase adjustment matrix, where the channel matrix includes the amplitude and phase of the signal transmitted between the first device and the second device; and construct the precoding matrix according to the channel matrix between the second device and the first device.

[0189] In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus performs a precoding operation on the data vector using the precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector in the following manner: calculate the product of each element in the precoding matrix and each element in the data vector; and calculate the first vector using the product result.

[0190] In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus performs a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to the antenna ports deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal in the following manner: adjust the transmission power of the first vector according to the number of the antenna ports to obtain an adjusted vector; and convert the adjusted vector into a radio frequency signal to obtain the target signal.

[0191] Figure 9 is a structural block diagram of a data receiving device according to an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 9 shown, the device includes:

[0192] a second memory 92, a second processor 94, and a second computer program 96 stored on the second memory 92 and executable on the second processor 94. When the second processor 94 executes the second computer program 96, the following operations are implemented:

[0193] Receiving a target signal sent by a first device through an antenna port deployed in a second device, where both the first device and the second device are devices deployed in a satellite communication system, and the target signal is a signal determined based on Q-channel data sent from the first device to the second device, and Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device;

[0194] Performing a phase rotation operation on the target signal to obtain a third vector;

[0195] Performing a demodulation operation and a decoding operation on the third vector to recover a data vector from the third vector, where the data vector is used to represent a data stream set of Q-channel data;

[0196] Merging the data stream sets of the Q-channel data to obtain the original data.

[0197] In an exemplary embodiment, the above device performs a phase rotation operation on the target signal to obtain a third vector in the following manner: obtaining the coordinates of the first device and the coordinates of the second device; calculating the relative position between the first device and the second device according to the coordinates of the first device and the coordinates of the second device; calculating phase rotation adjustment values for a plurality of antenna ports deployed in the second device by using the relative position and the number of antennas deployed in the second device; constructing a phase rotation matrix based on the plurality of phase rotation adjustment values, where diagonal elements of the phase rotation matrix are phase rotation factors of the plurality of antenna ports; and performing the phase rotation operation on the target signal by using the phase rotation matrix to supplement the phase differences between the plurality of antenna ports to obtain the third vector.

[0198] In an exemplary embodiment, the above-mentioned device performs a demodulation operation and a decoding operation on the third vector in the following manner to recover a data vector from the third vector: performing the demodulation operation on the third vector to recover a demodulated data stream from the third vector; and performing the decoding operation on the demodulated data stream by using a decoding matrix corresponding to the precoding matrix of the second device to obtain the data vector, where the precoding matrix is a matrix used by the first device when performing a precoding operation on the data vector.

[0199] In an exemplary embodiment, the above-mentioned device combines the data stream sets of the Q-channel data in the following manner to obtain original data: performing a serial mapping on multiple parallel data streams in the data stream sets to convert the multiple data streams in the data stream sets into a serial data stream; and combining the serial data stream to obtain the original data.

[0200] It should be noted that the above-mentioned various modules can be implemented by software or hardware. For the latter, it can be implemented in the following manner, but not limited thereto: the above-mentioned modules are all located in the same processor; or, the above-mentioned various modules are respectively located in different processors in any combination form.

[0201] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and the computer program is configured to execute the steps in any one of the above method embodiments when running.

[0202] In an exemplary embodiment, the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to: a USB flash drive, a read-only memory (ROM for short), a random access memory (RAM for short), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc, etc., various media that can store computer programs.

[0203] An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor. A computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to execute the steps in any one of the above method embodiments.

[0204] In an exemplary embodiment, the above-mentioned electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, where the transmission device is connected to the above-mentioned processor, and the input / output device is connected to the above-mentioned processor.

[0205] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product. The above-mentioned computer program product includes a computer program, and the steps in any one of the above method embodiments are implemented when the computer program is executed by a processor.

[0206] An embodiment of the present application further provides another computer program product, including a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in any one of the above method embodiments are implemented.

[0207] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium; a processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the steps in any one of the above method embodiments.

[0208] Specific examples in this embodiment may refer to the examples described in the above embodiments and exemplary embodiments, and will not be elaborated herein.

[0209] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the above modules or steps of the present application can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device. They can be concentrated on a single computing device or distributed on a network composed of multiple computing devices. They can be implemented by program codes executable by the computing device. Thus, they can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device. And in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here, or they can be separately made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps among them can be made into a single integrated circuit module to implement. In this way, the present application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0210] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that: include: Determine Q channels of data to be sent by a first device to a second device, wherein both the first device and the second device are devices deployed in a satellite communication system, and Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device; Performing a data stream mapping operation on the Q-path data to obtain a data vector, wherein the data vector is used to represent a data stream set of the Q-path data; Performing a precoding operation on the data vector using a precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector; Performing a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to the antenna port deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal; The target signal is sent to the second device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Determining Q-channel data to be sent by the first device to the second device includes: Acquire original data to be sent to the second device; When the rank of the channel matrix of the satellite communication system is Q, the original data is divided into the Q paths of data.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Performing a data stream mapping operation on the Q-path data to obtain a data vector includes: Mapping the Q data paths to Q transmit antennas respectively to obtain multiple mapped data streams, wherein the transmit antennas are used to represent signal transmission paths corresponding to antennas deployed in the first device; The plurality of mapped data streams are converted into vector representation to obtain the data vector, wherein one element in the data vector represents data of one data stream.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before performing a precoding operation on the data vector using the precoding matrix of the second device to obtain the first vector, the method further includes: Acquire coordinates of the first device and coordinates of the second device; Calculating a distance between the first device and the second device according to the coordinates of the first device and the coordinates of the second device; Calculating a path loss for transmitting a data signal between the first device and the second device according to a carrier frequency of the satellite communication system and a distance between the first device and the second device; The precoding matrix is ​​determined using the path loss, wherein the precoding matrix is ​​used to represent adjustment of signal transmission between the first device and the second device.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Determining the precoding matrix by using the path loss includes: constructing a path loss matrix of the second device using the path loss; In a case where it is determined that the first device has multiple antenna ports, constructing a gain adjustment matrix of the first device using the path loss matrix, wherein the gain adjustment matrix is ​​used to control the strength of signal transmission between the first device and the second device; Performing normalization processing on the gain adjustment matrix to obtain a channel amplitude matrix; The precoding matrix is ​​determined using the channel amplitude matrix.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Determining the precoding matrix using the channel amplitude matrix includes: Constructing a phase adjustment matrix of the second device using the coordinates of the first device, the coordinates of the second device, and the number of antennas configured in the second device; Constructing a channel matrix between the second device and the first device using the phase adjustment matrix, wherein the channel matrix includes the amplitude and phase of a signal transmitted between the first device and the second device; The precoding matrix is ​​constructed according to a channel matrix between the second device and the first device.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Performing a precoding operation on a data vector using a precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector includes: Calculating the product between each element in the precoding matrix and each element in the data vector; The first vector is obtained by calculation using the product result.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Performing a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to the antenna port deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal includes: Adjusting the transmit power of the first vector according to the number of the antenna ports to obtain an adjusted vector; The adjusted vector is converted into a radio frequency signal to obtain the target signal.

9. A data receiving method, characterized in that: include: Receiving a target signal sent by a first device through an antenna port deployed in a second device, wherein both the first device and the second device are devices deployed in a satellite communication system, and the target signal is a signal determined based on Q-channel data sent by the first device to the second device, where Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device; Performing a phase rotation operation on the target signal to obtain a third vector; Performing a demodulation operation and a decoding operation on the third vector to recover a data vector from the third vector, wherein the data vector is used to represent a data stream set of the Q-path data; The data stream sets of the Q-channel data are merged to obtain original data.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that Performing a phase rotation operation on the target signal to obtain a third vector includes: Acquire coordinates of the first device and coordinates of the second device; Calculating a relative position between the first device and the second device according to the coordinates of the first device and the coordinates of the second device; Calculating phase rotation adjustment values ​​of multiple antenna ports deployed in the second device by using the relative position and the number of antennas deployed in the second device; Constructing a phase rotation matrix based on the multiple phase rotation adjustment values, wherein the diagonal elements of the phase rotation matrix are phase rotation factors of the multiple antenna ports; The phase rotation operation is performed on the target signal using the phase rotation matrix to compensate for the phase difference between the plurality of antenna ports, thereby obtaining the third vector.

11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that Performing a demodulation operation and a decoding operation on the third vector to recover a data vector from the third vector includes: performing the demodulation operation on the third vector to recover a demodulated data stream from the third vector; The decoding operation is performed on the demodulated data stream using a decoding matrix corresponding to a precoding matrix of the second device to obtain the data vector, wherein the precoding matrix is ​​a matrix used by the first device when performing a precoding operation on the data vector.

12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The data stream set of the Q-channel data is merged to obtain the original data, including: Serially mapping the multiple parallel data streams in the data stream set to convert the multiple data streams in the data stream set into serial data streams; The serial data streams are combined to obtain the original data.

13. A data sending device, characterized in that: The system comprises a first memory, a first processor, and a first computer program stored in the first memory and executable on the first processor, wherein the first processor implements the following operations when executing the first computer program: Determine Q channels of data to be sent by a first device to a second device, wherein both the first device and the second device are devices deployed in a satellite communication system, and Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device; Performing a data stream mapping operation on the Q-path data to obtain a data vector, wherein the data vector is used to represent a data stream set of the Q-path data; Performing a precoding operation on the data vector using a precoding matrix of the second device to obtain a first vector; Performing a gain adjustment operation on the first vector according to the antenna port deployed in the second device to obtain a target signal; The target signal is sent to the second device.

14. A data receiving device, characterized in that: The system comprises a second memory, a second processor, and a second computer program stored in the second memory and executable on the second processor, wherein the second processor implements the following operations when executing the second computer program: Receiving a target signal sent by a first device through an antenna port deployed in a second device, wherein both the first device and the second device are devices deployed in a satellite communication system, and the target signal is a signal determined based on Q-channel data sent by the first device to the second device, where Q is a natural number less than or equal to the number of antennas deployed in the first device; Performing a phase rotation operation on the target signal to obtain a third vector; Performing a demodulation operation and a decoding operation on the third vector to recover a data vector from the third vector, wherein the data vector is used to represent a data stream set of the Q-path data; The data stream sets of the Q-channel data are merged to obtain original data.

15. A satellite communication system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a sending device and a receiving device, wherein the sending device implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 8 when executed, and the receiving device implements the steps of the method described in any one of claims 9 to 12 when executed.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented, or when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in any one of claims 9 to 12 are implemented.

17. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented; or, when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method described in any one of claims 9 to 12 are implemented.

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