Perovskite cell, preparation method and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses a perovskite cell, a preparation method and a photovoltaic module. The perovskite cell comprises a first functional layer, wherein the first functional layer is a hole transport layer; the perovskite layer is arranged on the first functional layer, and a passivation layer is arranged between the perovskite layer and the first functional layer; the passivation layer includes a water-soluble nonionic polymer. According to the perovskite cell, the passivation layer is arranged between the perovskite layer and the first functional layer, so that the interface defect is filled, the carrier transmission capability is improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the stability of the perovskite cell are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a perovskite battery, a preparation method and a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells are an important part of renewable energy. These solar cells have the advantages of low preparation cost, simple synthesis process, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, large-area production and environmental protection, etc., which make up for the shortcomings of previous generations of solar cells and attract the attention of many researchers. Perovskite materials have adjustable optoelectronic properties, such as good light absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, high defect tolerance, easy processing and other advantages. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a perovskite battery, a preparation method and a photovoltaic module. By providing a passivation layer between the perovskite layer and the first functional layer, the present application fills the interface defects, improves the carrier transport ability, and enhances the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite battery.

[0004] An embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite battery, including a first functional layer, and the first functional layer is a hole transport layer;

[0005] A perovskite layer, the perovskite layer is disposed above the first functional layer, and a passivation layer is disposed between the perovskite layer and the first functional layer;

[0006] The passivation layer includes a water-soluble nonionic polymer.

[0007] In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer is 1 nm to 8 nm.

[0008] In some embodiments, the water-soluble nonionic polymer includes at least one of polyacrylamide, polyamide, polyethyleneimine, and polyallylamine.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first functional layer includes at least one of nickel oxide, cuprous thiocyanate, cuprous iodide, cuprous oxide, vanadium pentoxide, and molybdenum trioxide.

[0010] In some embodiments, the perovskite battery further includes a second functional layer, and the second functional layer is disposed on a side of the perovskite layer away from the first functional layer;

[0011] The second functional layer is an electron transport layer, and the electron transport layer includes at least one of C60, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester, titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, niobium oxide, and zinc oxide.

[0012] In some embodiments, the second functional layer includes:

[0013] A first electron transport layer, which is disposed on one side close to the perovskite layer;

[0014] A second electron transport layer, which is disposed on one side far from the perovskite layer.

[0015] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a perovskite battery, including:

[0016] Forming a first functional layer;

[0017] Providing a first solution containing a water-soluble non-ionic polymer, and coating the first solution on the first functional layer to form a passivation layer;

[0018] Forming a perovskite layer on the passivation layer.

[0019] In some embodiments, the preparation steps of the passivation layer include: coating the first solution on the first functional layer, and annealing at 100 °C to 120 °C for 10 min to 20 min to form the passivation layer.

[0020] In some embodiments, in the first solution, the mass concentration of the water-soluble non-ionic polymer is 0.1 mg / mL to 0.3 mg / mL.

[0021] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, including the above perovskite battery or a perovskite battery prepared by the above method for preparing a perovskite battery.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the present application provides a perovskite battery, including a first functional layer, the first functional layer being a hole transport layer; a perovskite layer, the perovskite layer being disposed on the first functional layer, and a passivation layer being disposed between the perovskite layer and the first functional layer; the passivation layer includes a water-soluble non-ionic polymer. By providing a passivation layer between the perovskite layer and the first functional layer, the present application fills the interface defects, improves the carrier transport ability, and enhances the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a perovskite battery in some embodiments of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2This is a comparison chart of the normalized photoelectric conversion efficiency of the air stability of the unencapsulated perovskite solar cell prepared with the polyacrylamide passivated NiOx upper interface in Example 4 of this application and the unencapsulated perovskite solar cell prepared with the reference wafer in Comparative Example 1. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. In addition, in the description of the present application, the term "including" means "including but not limited to". The use of the terms first, second, third, etc. is only for marking purposes and does not impose a numerical requirement or establish an order. The various embodiments of the present application may exist in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is only for convenience and simplicity and should not be construed as a rigid limitation on the scope of the present application; therefore, it should be considered that the described range description has specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single values within that range. For example, it should be considered that the range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, regardless of the range. In addition, whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it means including any cited number (fraction or integer) within the indicated range.

[0027] The interfacial stability between the hole transport layer and the perovskite functional layer affects the stability performance of the perovskite solar cell. The embodiments of the present application provide a perovskite solar cell, including a first functional layer, the first functional layer being a hole transport layer; a perovskite layer, the perovskite layer being disposed on the first functional layer, and a passivation layer being disposed between the perovskite layer and the first functional layer; the passivation layer includes a water-soluble nonionic polymer. By providing a passivation layer between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer in the present application, the interfacial defects of the hole transport layer are passivated, making its energy level more matched with the perovskite absorption layer, improving the carrier transport ability, and improving the performance of the battery.

[0028] The "above" in the present application includes direct contact and indirect contact. For example, the first functional layer is in direct contact with the perovskite layer, or there are other structures between the first functional layer and the perovskite layer.

[0029] In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer is 1nm to 8nm. Within this thickness range, the passivation layer solves the problem of limiting efficiency output and continuous stability caused by imperfect contact between the perovskite light absorption layer and the charge transfer layer in practical applications of perovskite battery components without affecting the transfer of charges. For example, in some specific embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer is any value of 1nm, 2nm, 3nm, 4nm, 5nm, 6nm, 7nm, 8nm, or a range consisting of any two values. In some specific application examples, the thickness of the passivation layer is 3nm.

[0030] In some embodiments, the water-soluble nonionic polymer includes at least one of polyacrylamide, polyamide, polyethyleneimine, and polyallylamine. In some embodiments, the first functional layer includes at least one of nickel oxide, cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3).

[0031] In some embodiments, the first functional layer includes at least one of nickel oxide, cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN), cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3).

[0032] In some specific embodiments, nickel oxide (NiO x ) as a hole transport layer based on nickel oxide (NiO x ) The inverse perovskite solar cell with hole transport layer has the advantages of simple preparation, low temperature and low cost. x The material has good light stability and low photocatalytic energy. x It has high hole mobility and stability. However, in practical applications, it is found that nickel oxide (NiO x ) The surface traps and mismatched energy levels of the hole transport layer limit the extraction of charge carriers, resulting in large energy offsets and poor device optoelectronic performance. x Ni in the hole transport layer 3+ The redox reaction between NiO and the A-site cation salt forms a PbI2-rich hole extraction barrier, which leads to severe interface damage and poor device stability. x The inconsistency with the thermal expansion of the lattice in the perovskite leads to tensile strain, which damages the microstructure and accelerates the degradation of the perovskite. In order to solve the above problems of the nickel oxide hole transport layer, the present application sets a passivation layer between the nickel oxide hole transport layer and the perovskite layer, which can solve at least one of the above problems.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the passivation layer includes polyacrylamide, and the chemical structure of polyacrylamide is shown in Formula (I):

[0034]

[0035] Among them, n represents the number of repeating units, representing the degree of polymerization, and the value of n is 10 2 ~10 5 。

[0036] The passivation layer of this application selects polyacrylamide to passivate NiO x Interface defects of the hole transport layer, bridging the interface contact between perovskite layers, avoiding the redox reaction at the upper interface where NiO x contacts the perovskite layer, and improving the optoelectronic performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell. In addition, the NiOx interface passivation material is polyacrylamide, which can not only passivate the interface defects of NiO x but also make its energy level more matched with that of the perovskite absorption layer, improving the carrier transport ability. Moreover, polyacrylamide effectively blocks the hole extraction barrier formed by the redox reaction between Ni 3+ and the A-site cation salt, reducing interface defects. This application solves the above interface problems existing in the NiOx hole transport layer through the passivation layer containing polyacrylamide, improves the photovoltaic performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell, and improves the performance of the NiOx inverted perovskite solar cell.

[0037] The R & D team of the applicant found that compared with other water-soluble non-ionic polymers, the multi-functional groups in polyacrylamide passivate the defects of the perovskite thin film. The -NH2 group contained therein forms a strong hydrogen bond with the I - ion in metal halides such as PbI2 to anchor PbI2 to the surface of NiO x so that the contact between NiOx and the perovskite becomes closer, and the charge transport and stability are greatly improved. At the same time, the Pb(II) cation (Lewis acid) can combine with the oxygen-containing (Lewis base) ligand of polyacrylamide to form a Lewis acid-base interaction, which is beneficial to the crystallization and vertical growth of the perovskite, and the optoelectronic performance of the device is effectively improved. In addition, using polyacrylamide for the passivation layer can also strengthen the adhesion between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer, improving the structural stability of the perovskite battery.

[0038] In some embodiments, the thickness of the hole transport layer in this application is 20 nm to 200 nm, such as any value or the range composed of any two values among 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, and 200 nm for the thickness of the hole transport layer.

[0039] In some embodiments, the thickness of the perovskite layer of the present application is 200 nm to 600 nm. For example, the thickness of the perovskite layer is any value among 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, 500 nm, 550 nm, 600 nm or the range composed of any two values.

[0040] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer comprises perovskite with a general structural formula of ABX3, where A is a first cation selected from organic methylamine, formamidinium cation or inorganic Cs + , Rb + cation or one or more of them; B is a second cation selected from Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ , Bi 2+ metal ions or one or more of them; X is an anion selected from Cl - , Br - , I - or one or more of them. Further, the methylamine cation MA + , with a chemical formula of CH3NH 3+ , and the formamidinium cation FA + with a chemical formula of (NH2)2CH + .

[0041] In the present application, the perovskite layer can be prepared by the following method, such as the vacuum-solution method. The specific method is as follows:

[0042] Provide a first precursor, the first precursor comprising a metal halide, the metal halide comprising BX n , where B is selected from Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ , Bi 2+ metal ions or one or more of them; X is selected from Cl - , Br - , I - or one or more of them, and the value of n is 1 to 2, and the value of n depends on the valence state of the metal ion.

[0043] Provide a second precursor, the second precursor is coated on the first precursor and annealed to obtain the perovskite layer; where the second precursor comprises an organic amine salt, and the organic amine salt comprises at least one of FAX and MAX, and X is selected from Cl - , Br - , I - or one or more of them.

[0044] In some embodiments, the annealing temperature is 100°C to 160°C, and the annealing time is 10 min to 60 min. For example, the annealing temperature can be any value among 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C or any range formed by any two of these values. In some embodiments, the annealing time (in minutes) can be any value among 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, 50 min, 60 min or any range formed by any two of these values.

[0045] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell of the present application further includes a second functional layer, which is disposed on the side of the perovskite layer away from the first functional layer; the second functional layer is an electron transport layer, and the electron transport layer includes at least one of C60, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester (PCBM), titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin dioxide (SnO2), niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), and zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0046] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second functional layer is 20 nm to 200 nm. For example, the thickness of the second functional layer can be any value among 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm or any range formed by any two of these values.

[0047] In some embodiments, the second functional layer includes: a first electron transport layer disposed closer to the perovskite layer; and a second electron transport layer disposed farther from the perovskite layer.

[0048] In some embodiments, the first electron transport layer includes at least one of C60, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester (PCBM), titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin dioxide (SnO2), niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), and zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0049] In some embodiments, the second electron transport layer includes at least one of C60, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester (PCBM), titanium dioxide (TiO2), tin dioxide (SnO2), niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), and zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0050] In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the first electron transport layer to the second electron transport layer ranges from 2 to 5:1. For example, the thickness ratio of the first electron transport layer to the second electron transport layer can be any value among 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 or any range composed of any two of these values. In some specific application examples, the first electron transport layer includes C60, and the second electron transport layer includes SnO2. By optimizing the functional layers and structure of the perovskite solar cell, the electron transport efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is improved in this application.

[0051] As Figure 1 As shown, a tandem perovskite solar cell is provided in this application. The tandem perovskite solar cell has a first direction X and includes, stacked in sequence: a first electrode, which is an anode; a first functional layer, which is a hole transport layer and the hole transport layer includes nickel oxide; a passivation layer, which includes a water-soluble nonionic polymer; a perovskite layer; a second functional layer, which includes an electron transport layer; and a second electrode, which is a cathode.

[0052] In the perovskite solar cell of this application, the surface of the NiOx hole transport layer is passivated by a low-cost water-soluble nonionic polymer material, solving the problem of the imperfect contact between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer in the actual application of the battery module, which restricts the efficiency output and continuous stability. In some specific embodiments, the passivation layer uses a polyacrylamide material. The polyacrylamide bridges NiOx and the perovskite layer, filling the interfacial defects, improving the carrier transport ability, and enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0053] In some embodiments, the first electrode serves as a base layer and can be conductive glass.

[0054] In some embodiments, the second electrode is at least one of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), indium tin oxide (ITO), indium tungsten oxide (IWO), indium cerium oxide (ICO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), gold electrode (Au), silver electrode (Ag), copper electrode (Cu), aluminum electrode (Al), nickel electrode (Ni), molybdenum electrode (Mo), chromium electrode (Cr).

[0055] In some embodiments, the various functional layers of this application can be prepared by the following methods: wire bar coating, slot die coating, inkjet printing, spraying, screen printing, etc.

[0056] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell of this application is prepared by the following method:

[0057] Form a first functional layer; provide a first solution containing a water-soluble nonionic polymer, coat the first solution on the first functional layer to form a passivation layer; and form a perovskite layer on the passivation layer.

[0058] In some embodiments, the preparation steps of the passivation layer include: coating a first solution on a first functional layer, annealing at 100°C to 120°C for 10 min to 20 min to form the passivation layer. During the preparation of the passivation layer, the annealing temperature can be any value among 100°C, 110°C, and 120°C or a range composed of any two of these values, and the annealing time can be any value among 10 min, 15 min, and 20 min or a range composed of any two of these values.

[0059] In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the water-soluble nonionic polymer is 1×10 3 kDa to 14×10 3 kDa. For example, the value of the molecular weight of the water-soluble nonionic polymer can be any value among 1×10 3 kDa, 5×10 3 kDa, 10×10 3 kDa, 14×10 3 kDa or a range composed of any two of these values. In this application, when the molecular weight of the water-soluble nonionic polymer forming the passivation layer is within this range, the performance of the perovskite solar cell can be improved.

[0060] In some embodiments, the first solution is an aqueous solution of a water-soluble nonionic polymer with a mass percentage concentration of 0.1 mg / mL to 0.3 mg / mL. For example, the concentration of the first solution can be any value among 0.1 mg / mL, 0.15 mg / mL, 0.2 mg / mL, 0.25 mg / mL, and 0.3 mg / mL or a range composed of any two of these values. In some specific application examples, the first solution is an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide with a mass percentage concentration of 0.1 mg / mL to 0.3 mg / mL. During the preparation of the passivation layer in this application, controlling the concentration of the first solution within this range can increase the thickness uniformity of the prepared passivation layer and improve the quality of the prepared product.

[0061] In some embodiments, the passivation layer, such as a polyacrylamide passivation layer, adopts a coating process, which is beneficial to the large-area preparation of devices and is suitable for market applications.

[0062] Taking the material of the perovskite layer as FA 0.85 Cs 0.15 PbI3 as an example, in some specific application examples, the preparation method of the perovskite solar cell of this application includes the following steps:

[0063] Providing a substrate material FTO, and preparing a nickel oxide thin film on the substrate material as a hole transport layer;

[0064] Preparation of the passivation layer solution: Dissolve polyacrylamide in ultrapure water, heat and stir at 40 - 45°C until dissolved, prepare an aqueous solution of polyacrylamide with a mass concentration of 0.1 mg / mL to 0.3 mg / mL, and filter to obtain the first solution.

[0065] Preparation of the passivation layer: Polyacrylamide solutions of different concentrations are coated on the surface of the prepared NiOx film. After coating, the film is placed at a temperature of 100°C to 120°C and annealed for 10min to 20min to obtain the passivation layer.

[0066] Preparation of perovskite layer: FA 0.85 Cs 0.15 The PbI3 perovskite precursor solution is scraped on the surface of the prepared passivation layer at a scraping speed of 10 mm / s to 15 mm / s. The scraped film is purged with nitrogen and then placed at a temperature of 100°C to 130°C for annealing for 30 min to 60 min to obtain FA. 0.85 Cs 0.15 PbI3 perovskite layer;

[0067] Sequentially evaporating C60 / SnO2 to prepare an electron transport layer;

[0068] Evaporation of Cu electrode to obtain FTO / NiO X / PAM / FA 0.85 Cs 0.15 PbI3 / C60 / SnO 2 / Cu perovskite cells.

[0069] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module of the present application refers to a solar cell module, that is, an integral module including a plurality of perovskite cells, wherein the photovoltaic module includes a plurality of cell strings, each of which includes a plurality of perovskite cells connected in series via connectors such as welding ribbons.

[0070] Example 1: Preparation of inverse perovskite cell

[0071] Step 1: Prepare a 20nm nickel oxide hole transport layer on the substrate electrode;

[0072] Step 2: Apply 0.2 mg / mL polyacrylamide aqueous solution (polyacrylamide CAS No.: 9003-05-8, non-ionic, average molecular weight 3×10 3 kDa), annealing treatment was performed at a temperature of 100° C. and an annealing time of 20 min to prepare a polyacrylamide passivation layer;

[0073] Step 3: Coat the perovskite precursor solution on the side of the polyacrylamide passivation layer away from the hole transport layer, and then perform annealing at 120°C for 40 minutes to prepare a 500nm perovskite layer. The perovskite layer is FA 0.85 Cs 0.15 PbI3;

[0074] Step 4: Evaporate 15 nm / 5 nm C60 / SnO2 on the side of the perovskite layer away from the passivation layer to prepare an electron transport layer;

[0075] Step 5: Evaporate 90 nm of Cu on the side of the electron transport layer away from the perovskite layer to prepare a back electrode.

[0076] Examples 2 - 6: The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the annealing temperature during the preparation process of the passivation layer is changed. The specific parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Example 7: The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that a polyamide solution (polyamide CAS number: 2469 - 55 - 8) is coated on the hole transport layer, and a polyamide passivation layer is prepared on the upper interface of NiOx close to the perovskite layer.

[0078] Example 8: The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that a polyallylamine solution (polyallylamine CAS number: 71550 - 12 - 4, average molecular weight 15000 Da) is coated on the hole transport layer, and a polyallylamine passivation layer is prepared on the upper interface of NiOx close to the perovskite layer.

[0079] Example 9: The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that a polyethyleneimine solution (polyethyleneimine CAS number: 9002 - 98 - 6) is coated on the hole transport layer, and a polyethyleneimine passivation layer is prepared on the upper interface of NiOx close to the perovskite layer.

[0080] Examples 10 - 11: The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the thickness of the passivation layer is adjusted. The specific parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0081] Comparative Example 1: The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that a perovskite solar cell without a polyacrylamide passivation layer is prepared.

[0082] Testing method:

[0083] Perform current - voltage tests on the perovskite solar cells prepared in Examples 1 - 11 and Comparative Example 1 under standard sunlight.

[0084] Photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) test: The photovoltaic conversion efficiency is a direct parameter used to judge the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. The photovoltaic parameters of perovskite solar cells include open - circuit voltage (V oc ), short - circuit current (J sc ), fill factor (FF), and PCE. The main testing instruments are a solar simulator and a digital source meter. The test light intensity of the solar simulator is 100 mW / cm 2 . The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0085] Table 1 Parameters of the perovskite solar cells prepared in Examples 1 to 11

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] Table 2 Performance test results of the perovskite solar cells prepared in Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Example 1

[0089]

[0090] As shown in Table 2 and Figure 2 it shows that a passivation layer composed of a water-soluble non-ionic polymer is provided at the interface of NiOx close to the perovskite layer in this application. Compared with the solar cells without an interface passivation layer, the optoelectronic performance and stability are greatly improved.

[0091] It can be seen from the results of Example 1 and Examples 2 to 6 that the preparation method of the passivation layer affects the crystallinity and density of polyacrylamide, affects the fill factor of the solar cell, and good annealing temperature and duration can improve the optoelectronic conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0092] It can be seen from the results of Example 1 and Examples 7 to 9 that the perovskite solar cells with a polyacrylamide interface passivation layer have significantly improved optoelectronic performance compared with the perovskite solar cells with a coated polyamide, polyallylamine, and polyethyleneimine interface passivation layer. The polyacrylamide film layer inhibits the chemical reaction between NiOx and the perovskite layer, ensuring the stability of the perovskite solar cell. The polyacrylamide passivation layer passivates the surface defects of the hole transport layer NiOx thin film, making its energy level more matched with the perovskite absorption layer and improving the carrier transport ability; the polyacrylamide passivation effectively reduces the 3+ hole extraction barrier formed by the redox reaction of Ni with A-site cation salt, reducing interface defects; in addition, the -NH2 group in the interface passivation material polyacrylamide and the I - ions in PbI2 are connected by strong hydrogen bonds to anchor PbI2 to the surface of NiOx, making the contact between NiOx and the perovskite closer, and the charge transport and stability are greatly improved. At the same time, Pb(II) cations (Lewis acids) can combine with the oxygen-containing (Lewis base) ligands of polyacrylamide to form Lewis acid-base interactions, which are beneficial to the crystallization and vertical growth of perovskite, and the optoelectronic performance of the device is effectively improved.

[0093] It can be seen from the results of Example 1, Example 10, and Example 11 that the thickness of the passivation layer also affects the optoelectronic performance of the solar cell. If the thickness of the passivation layer is too thin, the optoelectronic conversion efficiency of the solar cell is low, which will also affect the stability of the solar cell. At the same time, if the thickness of the passivation layer is too thick, it will affect the charge transport, reduce the conductivity, and reduce the optoelectronic conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0094] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have their own emphases. For the parts not detailed in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0095] The above has introduced in detail a perovskite battery, a preparation method and a photovoltaic module provided by the embodiments of the present application. Specific examples are used herein to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, It includes a first functional layer, wherein the first functional layer is a hole transport layer; A perovskite layer, wherein the perovskite layer is disposed on the first functional layer, and a passivation layer is disposed between the perovskite layer and the first functional layer; The passivation layer includes a water-soluble nonionic polymer.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the passivation layer is 1 nm to 8 nm.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-soluble nonionic polymer includes at least one of polyacrylamide, polyamide, polyethyleneimine and polyallylamine.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first functional layer includes at least one of nickel oxide, cuprous thiocyanate, cuprous iodide, cuprous oxide, vanadium pentoxide, and molybdenum trioxide.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite cell further includes a second functional layer, which is disposed on a side of the perovskite layer away from the first functional layer; The second functional layer is an electron transport layer, and the electron transport layer includes at least one of C60, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid isomethyl ester, titanium dioxide, tin dioxide, niobium oxide, and zinc oxide.

6. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that, The second functional layer comprises: A first electron transport layer, wherein the first electron transport layer is disposed close to one side of the perovskite layer; A second electron transport layer is arranged away from the perovskite layer.

7. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, include: forming a first functional layer; Providing a first solution containing a water-soluble nonionic polymer, and coating the first solution on the first functional layer to form a passivation layer; A perovskite layer is formed over the passivation layer.

8. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preparation step of the passivation layer includes: applying the first solution to the first functional layer, annealing at 100° C. to 120° C. for 10 min to 20 min to form the passivation layer.

9. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the first solution, the mass concentration of the water-soluble nonionic polymer is 0.1 mg / mL to 0.3 mg / mL.

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, A perovskite cell comprising the perovskite cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or a perovskite cell prepared by the method for preparing the perovskite cell according to any one of claims 7 to 9.

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