Intermediate film for laminated glass, and laminated glass

Abstract

The intermediate film for laminated glass has an impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% greater than an impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass having the interlayer film for laminated glass. Background Art

[0002] Even when laminated glass is broken by an external impact, there are few glass fragments scattered, so it is safe and is thus widely used for window glasses of various vehicles such as automobiles and window glasses of buildings and the like. As the laminated glass, a laminated glass obtained by sandwiching an interlayer film for laminated glass containing a resin component such as polyvinyl butyral resin between a pair of glasses and integrating them is well known.

[0003] In the case where the adhesion between the glass and the interlayer film of the laminated glass is small, the broken glass due to impact peels off from the interlayer film and scatters, and in the case where the adhesion is large, the glass and the interlayer film are broken simultaneously and penetration occurs. Therefore, it is known that for laminated glass, in order to prevent peeling between the glass and the interlayer film and the occurrence of penetration when being impacted, it is necessary to adjust the adhesion within an appropriate range (for example, see Patent Document 1).

[0004] It should be noted that the adhesion of the laminated glass is usually evaluated by an impact adhesion value, and in addition, the resistance to penetration (that is, penetration resistance) is usually evaluated by a falling ball test. In the falling ball test, a steel ball is dropped from a specified height, and the penetration resistance is evaluated based on whether the steel ball penetrates the laminated glass.

[0005] Prior Art Documents

[0006] Patent Documents

[0007] Patent Document 1: WO 2020 / 145322 Summary of the Invention

[0008] Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0009] However, when the laminated glass is used for a long time, the moisture content in the peripheral portion sometimes becomes high, and along with the increase in the moisture content, sometimes the impact adhesion value also exceeds the appropriate range. Therefore, there is a problem that the steel ball easily penetrates in the falling ball test and the penetration resistance is reduced.

[0010] Therefore, the problem of the present invention is to suppress an increase in the impact adhesion value even when the moisture content in the peripheral portion of the laminated glass becomes high, thereby making it difficult for the steel ball to penetrate in the falling ball test and maintaining good penetration resistance.

[0011] Means for Solving the Problems

[0012] The inventors of the present application conducted in-depth research and found that by adjusting the composition of the interlayer film for laminated glass, the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.4% is greater than the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.9%. Thus, the above problems can be solved, and the following present invention has been completed. The present invention provides the following [1] to

[12] .

[0013] [1] An interlayer film for laminated glass, wherein the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.4% is greater than the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.9%.

[0014] [2] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the above [1], wherein the difference between the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.4% and the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.9% is greater than 0 and 2 or less.

[0015] [3] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the above [1] or [2], which contains a thermoplastic resin and a dispersant.

[0016] [4] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the above [3], wherein the dispersant contains at least one dispersant selected from acrylic dispersants, amine dispersants, and urethane dispersant systems.

[0017] [5] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the above [3] or [4], which contains two or more of the above dispersants.

[0018] [6] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the above [5], wherein the dispersant contains a first dispersant and a second dispersant having a lower molecular weight than the first dispersant, and the ratio of the content of the second dispersant to the content of the first dispersant is 1 / 100 or more and 30 / 100 or less on a mass basis.

[0019] [7] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of the above [3] to [6], wherein the dispersant contains a dispersant having a molecular weight of 3000 or more.

[0020] [8] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of the above [3] to [7], wherein the content of the dispersant is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less.

[0021] [9] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of the above [1] to [8], which further contains a colorant.

[0022]

[10] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the above [9], wherein the ratio of the content of the dispersant to the content of the colorant is 20 / 100 or more and 90 / 100 or less on a mass basis.

[0023]

[11] The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of [1] to

[10] above contains at least one metal salt selected from alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and magnesium salts.

[0024]

[12] A laminated glass includes a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member, and the interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of [1] to

[11] above.

[0025] The interlayer film for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.

[0026] Advantages of the Invention

[0027] According to the present invention, even when the moisture content in the peripheral portion of the laminated glass becomes high, an increase in the impact adhesion value is suppressed, so that it is difficult for the steel ball to penetrate in the falling ball test, and good penetration resistance can be maintained. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0028] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

[0029] [Impact Adhesion Value]

[0030] The impact adhesion value of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "interlayer film") at a moisture content of 0.4% is greater than the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.9%.

[0031] With the above configuration of the interlayer film of the present invention, when the laminated glass is manufactured, even if the laminated glass is used under high humidity conditions and the moisture content in the peripheral portion becomes high, it is possible to prevent the impact adhesion value from increasing as the moisture content increases. Therefore, it is difficult for the steel ball to pass through in the falling ball test, and it is easy to maintain good penetration resistance.

[0032] In the present invention, the difference between the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.4% and the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.9% is preferably greater than 0 and 2 or less. By making the difference between the above impact adhesion values within the above range, even if the moisture content in the peripheral portion of the laminated glass becomes high, the impact adhesion value will not become too small, and peeling between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member can be prevented.

[0033] From the viewpoint of preventing peeling due to an excessive decrease in the impact adhesion value when the moisture content in the peripheral portion of the laminated glass becomes high, the difference between the above impact adhesion values is preferably 1.5 or less, more preferably 1.0 or less. In addition, regarding the lower limit value of the difference between the above impact adhesion values, as long as it is greater than 0, there is no particular limitation.

[0034] In the interlayer film of the present invention, the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% is preferably 2.0 or more. If the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% is 2.0 or more, peeling between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member can be prevented. From the viewpoint of further appropriately preventing peeling between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member, the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% is preferably 2.5 or more, and more preferably 3.0 or more.

[0035] In addition, the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% is preferably 7.0 or less. By making the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% 7.0 or less, it is difficult for the steel ball to penetrate in the falling ball test in either the case of low water content or high water content, and it is easy to have good penetration resistance. From the viewpoint of easily maintaining good penetration resistance, the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% is more preferably 6.0 or less, more preferably 5.5 or less, and even more preferably 5.0 or less.

[0036] In the interlayer film of the present invention, the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9% is preferably 1.3 or more. By making the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9% 1.3 or more, peeling between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member is less likely to occur even when the water content increases. From the viewpoint of more easily suppressing peeling between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member when the water content increases, the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9% is more preferably 1.5 or more, and further preferably 2.0 or more.

[0037] In addition, the above-mentioned impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9% is preferably 7.0 or less. By making the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9% 7.0 or less, it is difficult for the steel ball to penetrate in the falling ball test in the case of high water content, and it is easy to have good penetration resistance. From the viewpoint of easily maintaining good penetration resistance, the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9% is more preferably 6.0 or less, more preferably 5.0 or less, even more preferably 4.0 or less, and even more preferably 3.8 or less.

[0038] The impact adhesion value of the interlayer film can be adjusted to the above-specified range by adjusting the composition of the interlayer film. More specifically, for example, by making the interlayer film contain a dispersant and appropriately selecting the type and blending amount of the dispersant, it is easy to adjust the impact adhesion value to the specified range.

[0039] In addition, the impact adhesion value is a value measured when the interlayer film is made into laminated glass. Specifically, the water content of the interlayer film can be adjusted to 0.4% and 0.9%, and using the interlayer film with the adjusted water content, laminated glass is produced by the method described in the examples and measured.

[0040] (Thermoplastic resin)

[0041] The interlayer film of the present invention contains a resin, and preferably contains a thermoplastic resin. By making the interlayer film contain a thermoplastic resin, it is easy to exhibit the function as an adhesive layer, and the adhesiveness to the laminated glass member becomes good.

[0042] The thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyvinyl acetal resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ionomer resin, polyurethane resin, thermoplastic elastomer, acrylic resin, acrylic-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyolefin resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, and polystyrene resin. By using these resins, it is easy to ensure the adhesiveness to the laminated glass member.

[0043] In the interlayer film of the present invention, the thermoplastic resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It should be noted that in the case of using two or more in combination, in the interlayer film, two or more thermoplastic resins may be contained in one resin layer, or different resin layers may contain different types of thermoplastic resins respectively.

[0044] Among them, at least one resin selected from polyvinyl acetal resin and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is preferred, and particularly in the case of using in combination with a plasticizer, polyvinyl acetal resin is more preferred in terms of exhibiting excellent adhesiveness to glass. Therefore, the resin in the above resin layer is also preferably at least one resin selected from polyvinyl acetal resin and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, and more preferably polyvinyl acetal resin.

[0045] (Polyvinyl acetal resin)

[0046] The polyvinyl acetal resin may be any polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with an aldehyde, and is not particularly limited.

[0047] The above aldehyde is not particularly limited, and an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is usually suitable. The aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include n-butyl aldehyde, isobutyl aldehyde, n-pentyl aldehyde, 2-ethylbutyl aldehyde, n-hexyl aldehyde, n-octyl aldehyde, n-nonyl aldehyde, n-decyl aldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. These aldehydes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0048] Among the above aldehydes, n-butyl aldehyde, n-hexyl aldehyde, and n-pentyl aldehyde are preferred, and n-butyl aldehyde is more preferred. Therefore, it is suitable that the polyvinyl acetal resin is polyvinyl butyral resin.

[0049] Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be obtained, for example, by saponifying polyvinyl esters such as polyvinyl acetate. The saponification degree of polyvinyl alcohol is usually 70 to 99.9 mol%. The polyvinyl acetal resin can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0050] The average degree of polymerization of PVA is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 500 or more, further preferably 1000 or more, and still more preferably 1500 or more. If the average degree of polymerization is above the above lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass becomes higher. In addition, the average degree of polymerization of PVA is preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 4000 or less, further preferably 3500 or less, and still more preferably 2500 or less.

[0051] It should be noted that the average degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol can be determined by the method according to JIS K6726 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Alcohol".

[0052] The amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 15 mol% or more and preferably 38 mol% or less. By making the amount of hydroxyl groups 15 mol% or more, the adhesiveness is likely to be good, and the penetration resistance of the laminated glass and the like are likely to be good. In addition, by making the amount of hydroxyl groups 38 mol% or less, the laminated glass is prevented from becoming overly hard. From the viewpoint of adhesiveness to the glass plate and the like, the above amount of hydroxyl groups is more preferably 20 mol% or more, and further preferably 25 mol% or more. In addition, the above amount of hydroxyl groups is more preferably 35% or less, and further preferably 33 mol% or less.

[0053] When using polyvinyl butyral resin as the polyvinyl acetal resin, from the same viewpoint, the amount of hydroxyl groups is 15 mol% or more, preferably 38 mol% or less, more preferably 20 mol% or more, further preferably 25 mol% or more, more preferably 35 mol% or less, and further preferably 33 mol% or less.

[0054] The amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl acetal resin is a value obtained by expressing as a percentage the mole fraction obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups bonded with hydroxyl groups by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. The amount of ethylene groups bonded with hydroxyl groups can be measured, for example, according to JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0055] The acetalization degree of the above polyvinyl acetal resin is preferably 47 mol% or more and preferably 85 mol% or less. The acetalization degree is more preferably 55 mol% or more, further preferably 60 mol% or more, and more preferably 80 mol% or less, and further preferably 75 mol% or less.

[0056] It should be noted that in the case where the acetal group is a butyral group and the polyvinyl alcohol acetal resin is a polyvinyl butyral resin, the degree of acetalization refers to the degree of butyralization.

[0057] The above-mentioned degree of acetalization is a value obtained by expressing as a percentage the mole fraction calculated by subtracting the amount of ethylene groups bonded with hydroxyl groups and the amount of ethylene groups bonded with acetyl groups from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain and dividing the resulting value by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. The degree of acetalization (degree of butyralization) can be calculated, for example, from the results measured by the method in accordance with JIS K6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0058] The degree of acetylation of the polyvinyl alcohol acetal resin is preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 20 mol% or less, further preferably 10 mol% or less, and even more preferably 2 mol% or less. If the above-mentioned degree of acetylation is below the above upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer film and laminated glass becomes higher. In addition, the above-mentioned degree of acetylation is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.1 mol% or more.

[0059] The above-mentioned degree of acetylation is a value obtained by expressing as a percentage the mole fraction calculated by dividing the amount of ethylene groups bonded with acetyl groups by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. The amount of ethylene groups bonded with acetyl groups can be measured, for example, in accordance with JISK6728 "Test Method for Polyvinyl Butyral".

[0060] (Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin)

[0061] As the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, it can be a non-crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, and also can be a high-temperature crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. In addition, as the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer saponified products, hydrolyzates of ethylene-vinyl acetate, etc., such ethylene-vinyl acetate modified resin can also be used.

[0062] The vinyl acetate content of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is preferably 10 to 50% by mass, more preferably 20 to 40% by mass, and the vinyl acetate content is measured in accordance with JIS K 6730 "Test Method for Ethylene / Vinyl Acetate Resin" or JIS K6924-2:1997. By making the vinyl acetate content above these lower limit values, the adhesiveness to glass becomes higher, and in addition, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass tends to be good. In addition, by making the vinyl acetate content below these upper limit values, the breaking strength of the interlayer film becomes higher and the impact resistance of the laminated glass becomes good.

[0063] (Ionomer resin)

[0064] As the ionomer resin, there is no particular limitation, and various ionomer resins can be used. Specifically, ethylene-based ionomers, styrene-based ionomers, perfluorocarbon-based ionomers, telechelic ionomers, polyurethane ionomers, etc. can be mentioned. Among them, from the aspects of good mechanical strength, durability, transparency, etc. of the laminated glass and excellent adhesiveness to glass, ethylene-based ionomers are preferred.

[0065] As the ethylene-based ionomer, the ionomer of an ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is excellent in transparency and toughness, and thus is suitable for use. The ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is a copolymer having at least a structural unit derived from ethylene and a structural unit derived from an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and may also have a structural unit derived from other monomers.

[0066] As the unsaturated carboxylic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, etc. can be mentioned, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are preferred, and methacrylic acid is particularly preferred. In addition, as other monomers, acrylate, methacrylate, 1-butene, etc. can be mentioned.

[0067] As for the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, if all the structural units possessed by the copolymer are set to 100 mol%, it preferably has 75 to 99 mol% of the structural units derived from ethylene, and preferably has 1 to 25 mol% of the structural units derived from the unsaturated carboxylic acid.

[0068] The ionomer of the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is an ionomer resin obtained by neutralizing or crosslinking at least a part of the carboxyl groups possessed by the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with metal ions, and the neutralization degree of the carboxyl groups is usually 1 to 90%, preferably 5 to 85%.

[0069] As the ion source in the ionomer resin, alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and polyvalent metals such as magnesium, calcium, zinc, etc. can be mentioned, and sodium and zinc are preferred.

[0070] As the manufacturing method of the ionomer resin, there is no particular limitation, and it can be manufactured by using a conventionally known manufacturing method. For example, in the case of using the ionomer of an ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer as the ionomer resin, for example, ethylene and an unsaturated carboxylic acid are subjected to radical copolymerization under high temperature and high pressure to manufacture the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer. Then, by reacting the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with a metal compound containing the above ion source, the ionomer of the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer can be manufactured.

[0071] (Polyurethane resin)

[0072] Examples of the polyurethane resin include polyurethanes obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound with a diol compound, polyurethanes obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound with a diol compound and a chain extender such as a polyamine, etc. Further, the polyurethane resin may also be a resin containing a sulfur atom. In this case, part or all of the above diols may be alcohols selected from polythiols and sulfur-containing polyols. The polyurethane resin enables good adhesion to plexiglass. Therefore, it is suitable for use when the glass plate is plexiglass.

[0073] (Thermoplastic elastomer)

[0074] Examples of the thermoplastic elastomer include styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers and aliphatic polyolefins. There is no particular limitation on the styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, and known styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers can be used. Styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers generally have a styrene monomer polymer block as a hard segment and a conjugated diene compound polymer block or its hydrogenated block as a soft segment. Specific examples of the styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer include styrene-isoprene diblock copolymer, styrene-butadiene diblock copolymer, styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer, styrene-butadiene / isoprene-styrene triblock copolymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer, and their hydrogenated products.

[0075] The above aliphatic polyolefin may be a saturated aliphatic polyolefin or an unsaturated aliphatic polyolefin. The above aliphatic polyolefin may be a polyolefin having a chain olefin as a monomer or a polyolefin having a cyclic olefin as a monomer. From the viewpoint of effectively improving the storage stability and sound insulation of the interlayer film, the above aliphatic polyolefin is preferably a saturated aliphatic polyolefin.

[0076] Examples of the material of the above aliphatic polyolefin include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, 1-pentene, trans-2-pentene, cis-2-pentene, 1-hexene, trans-2-hexene, cis-2-hexene, trans-3-hexene, cis-3-hexene, 1-heptene, trans-2-heptene, cis-2-heptene, trans-3-heptene, cis-3-heptene, 1-octene, trans-2-octene, cis-2-octene, trans-3-octene, cis-3-octene, trans-4-octene, cis-4-octene, 1-nonene, trans-2-nonene, cis-2-nonene, trans-3-nonene, cis-3-nonene, trans-4-nonene, cis-4-nonene, 1-decene, trans-2-decene, cis-2-decene, trans-3-decene, cis-3-decene, trans-4-decene, cis-4-decene, trans-5-decene, cis-5-decene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, vinylcyclohexane, etc.

[0077] The interlayer may be an interlayer having a single-layer structure composed of a single resin layer, or may have a multi-layer structure including a plurality of resin layers, but a single-layer structure is preferred. Each resin layer constituting the interlayer may be composed of a resin composition containing the above resin. In addition, the resin composition constituting each resin layer may appropriately contain a plasticizer, a dispersant, a colorant, a metal salt (X), other additives, etc. that are blended into the resin as needed as described later.

[0078] In the case where the interlayer has a multi-layer structure composed of a plurality of resin layers, it may be a two-layer structure formed by laminating two resin layers in the thickness direction, a three-layer structure formed by laminating three resin layers, or a structure formed by laminating four or more resin layers. Among them, a two-layer to five-layer structure is preferred, and a three-layer structure is more preferred.

[0079] In the case where the interlayer has a single-layer structure, both surfaces of the single resin layer constitute the two surfaces of the interlayer and become the bonding surfaces with the laminated glass member. In addition, in the case where the interlayer has two or more resin layers, the surface layers constituting each surface of the interlayer become the bonding surfaces with the laminated glass member described later. In the case where the interlayer has a two-layer structure, the interlayer may be composed of two surface layers.

[0080] In addition, in the case of a multi-layer structure, a middle layer may also be provided between the surface layers. In the case of a three-layer structure, it may have two surface layers and one middle layer provided between the two surface layers. In the case of a four-layer structure, it may have two surface layers and two middle layers provided between the two surface layers. In addition, in the case of a multi-layer structure of five layers or more, it may have two surface layers and three or more middle layers provided between the two surface layers.

[0081] In addition, the interlayer may have a region with a single-layer structure and a region with a multi-layer structure. In the case of a multi-layer structure, it may have regions with different numbers of layers.

[0082] The resin constituting each resin layer in the interlayer is preferably a thermoplastic resin, and can be appropriately selected from the resins listed above. The resins constituting each resin layer may be different from each other, but are preferably the same. Therefore, in the case of having a plurality of resin layers, it is preferred that the resins constituting each resin layer are all polyvinyl acetal resin or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, and more preferably all polyvinyl acetal resin.

[0083] (Plasticizer)

[0084] When the interlayer film contains a thermoplastic resin, a plasticizer may also be contained. Since the interlayer film becomes soft due to the inclusion of the plasticizer, as a result, the flexibility of the laminated glass is improved, and the penetration resistance is also improved. In addition, high adhesiveness to the glass plate can also be exhibited. It is particularly effective to contain a plasticizer when using a polyvinyl acetal resin as the thermoplastic resin. Therefore, each resin layer more preferably contains a polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer.

[0085] Examples of the plasticizer include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, and phosphorus-based plasticizers such as organophosphate plasticizers and organophosphite plasticizers. Among them, organic ester plasticizers are preferred.

[0086] Examples of the organic ester plasticizer include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dioctanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propanediol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,4-butanediol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,2-butanediol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylvalerate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dioctanoate, triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, hexylcyclohexyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, heptylnonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate, oil-modified sebacic alkyd resin, a mixture of a phosphate ester and an adipate ester, a mixed adipate ester, etc. As the mixed adipate ester, an adipate ester made from two or more alcohols selected from alkyl alcohols having 4 to 9 carbon atoms and cyclic alcohols having 4 to 9 carbon atoms can be mentioned.

[0087] Among the above plasticizers, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) is particularly preferably used.

[0088] The content of the plasticizer in the interlayer film is not particularly limited, and is preferably 10 parts by mass or more and preferably 100 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin. If the content of the plasticizer is 10 parts by mass or more, the laminated glass becomes moderately soft and the penetration resistance and the like become good. In addition, if the content of the plasticizer is 100 parts by mass or less, separation of the plasticizer from the interlayer film can be prevented. The content of the plasticizer is more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, further preferably 30 parts by mass or more, further preferably 35 parts by mass or more, and preferably 70 parts by mass or less, further preferably 63 parts by mass or less.

[0089] The intermediate film has one or more resin layers as described above, and each resin layer containing a thermoplastic resin may further contain a plasticizer. When a plasticizer is contained in each resin layer, the suitable value of the content of the plasticizer in each resin layer is also the same as the suitable value of the content of the plasticizer described above.

[0090] The intermediate film is a film mainly composed of a resin, or a resin and a plasticizer. The total amount of the thermoplastic resin and the plasticizer in the intermediate film is usually 70% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass based on the total amount of the intermediate film. By making the above total amount less than 100%, the intermediate film can contain additives such as a dispersant and a colorant.

[0091] It should be noted that in the case where a plurality of resin layers are provided, each resin layer is also a layer mainly composed of a resin, or a resin and a plasticizer. The total amount of the thermoplastic resin and the plasticizer in each resin layer is usually 70% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass based on the total amount of each resin layer.

[0092] (Dispersant)

[0093] The intermediate film of the present invention preferably contains a dispersant in addition to the above thermoplastic resin. By making the intermediate film contain a dispersant, it is easy to make the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% higher than the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9%. In addition, when the intermediate film contains a colorant, particulate matter other than the colorant, etc., it is easy to appropriately disperse the colorant, etc. in the intermediate film.

[0094] Examples of the dispersant that can be used in the present invention include acrylic, amine, urethane, polycarboxylic acid, polyester, phosphate ester, polyether, etc. Among them, the dispersant is preferably an acrylic, amine, or urethane-based dispersant. These dispersants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0095] In the present invention, among the above dispersants, it is more preferable to use an acrylic, amine, or urethane-based dispersant. By making the intermediate film contain any one of the acrylic, amine, or urethane-based dispersants as the dispersant, it is easy to make the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% higher than the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9%.

[0096] Generally, the adhesive force (impact adhesion value) of the interlayer film can be adjusted by the magnitude of the interaction between the ionic substances contained in the interlayer film and the laminated glass member, etc. Further, if the interlayer film contains the above-mentioned dispersant, i.e., a dispersant having any of an acrylic structure, an amine structure, and a urethane structure, the interaction is stabilized even when the moisture content changes, or the interaction is easily changed in such a manner that the adhesive force decreases when the moisture content increases. Therefore, it is easy to prevent the impact adhesion value from increasing when the moisture content becomes high, and it is easy to adjust the difference between the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.4% and the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.9% within a specified range.

[0097] The dispersant may have polar groups such as amino groups, carboxyl groups, sulfo groups, hydroxyl groups, phosphate groups, groups derived from nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as pyridine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine, salts thereof, and quaternary ammonium salts. As the polar group, an amino group is preferred.

[0098] In addition, the dispersant may be any acidic or basic dispersant, or may be any nonionic dispersant, but an acidic dispersant or a basic dispersant is preferred. Further, as the dispersant, a solvent-based or solvent-free dispersant is preferred.

[0099] The dispersant is preferably a polymer-based dispersant. Specifically, it is a dispersant having a molecular weight of, for example, 1500 or more, preferably 2500 or more, and more preferably 3000 or more. By using a dispersant having a molecular weight of a certain value or more, it becomes easy to be compatible with the thermoplastic resin, and as described above, it is possible to prevent the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.9% from increasing. In addition, it is easy to appropriately disperse colorants such as pigments and other substances in the thermoplastic resin. In addition, there is no particular limitation on the upper limit of the molecular weight of the dispersant, and for example, it may be 100000 or less.

[0100] It should be noted that in this specification, the so-called molecular weight refers to the weight-average molecular weight, specifically, the molecular weight measured by GPC.

[0101] The acrylic dispersant is a dispersant having a structural unit derived from an acrylic monomer such as (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylate. The acrylic dispersant may be the polymer-based dispersant as described above, may be an acrylic polymer, and is preferably an acrylic block copolymer. In addition, the acrylic dispersant preferably has a polar group, and preferably becomes an acidic or basic dispersant by having a polar group.

[0102] The urethane-based dispersant may be a dispersant having a polyurethane structure containing a plurality of urethane bonds. The urethane-based dispersant is preferably polymer-based and has a polar group, and preferably becomes an acidic or basic dispersant by having a polar group.

[0103] As an amine-based dispersant, compounds having an amino group as a polar group in the molecular structure as described above can be cited. Therefore, the above-mentioned acrylic-based dispersant, urethane-based dispersant, etc. can also be amine-based dispersants. In addition, the amine-based dispersant can be a dispersant having a polyamine structure in the molecule. For example, it can also be an alkenyl succinimide-based dispersant obtained by further reacting an alkenyl succinic anhydride with a polyamine.

[0104] As a polycarboxylic acid-based dispersant, polycarboxylic acids or their salts, etc. can be cited. Specifically, a polycarboxylate of polyaminoamide is preferred. The polycarboxylic acid-based dispersant is preferably used in combination with at least one of the above-mentioned acrylic-based, amine-based, and urethane-based dispersants. By using the polycarboxylic acid-based dispersant in combination with these dispersants, it becomes easier to more appropriately disperse colorants such as pigments and other substances in the intermediate film. In addition, even when the dispersion liquid containing the colorant and the dispersant for manufacturing the intermediate film is stored for a long time, etc., it is easy to prevent aggregation from occurring.

[0105] In addition, the intermediate film of the present invention can contain two or more kinds of dispersants. That is, the intermediate film can contain at least a first dispersant and a second dispersant different from the first dispersant. However, the intermediate film may not contain the second dispersant and may contain only the first dispersant as the dispersant.

[0106] By using two or more kinds of dispersants in the intermediate film of the present invention, it becomes easy to make the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% greater than the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9%, and to appropriately disperse colorants such as pigments and other substances in the intermediate film.

[0107] The molecular weight of the first dispersant is preferably greater than the molecular weight of the second dispersant. By making the intermediate film contain two or more kinds of dispersants having different molecular weights, as described above, it becomes easy to make the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% greater than the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9%, and to more appropriately disperse colorants such as pigments and other substances in the intermediate film. In addition, even when the dispersion liquid containing the colorant and the dispersant is stored for a long time, it is easy to prevent aggregation from occurring.

[0108] The molecular weight of the first dispersant is preferably 2000 or more and 100000 or less, more preferably 2500 or more and 50000 or less, and further preferably 3000 or more and 15000 or less. In addition, the molecular weight of the second dispersant is preferably 1500 or more and 20000 or less, more preferably 2000 or more and 8000 or less, and further preferably 2000 or more and less than 4500.

[0109] When the intermediate film contains two or more dispersants, the first dispersant is preferably any of acrylic, amine, and urethane dispersants, and the second dispersant is preferably a polycarboxylic acid type. By using at least two dispersants having the above specific structures, it is easy to make the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% greater than the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9%, and to further disperse colorants such as pigments and other substances in the intermediate film. In addition, even when the dispersion is stored for a long time, it is easy to prevent aggregation from occurring.

[0110] It should be noted that in the intermediate film, it is preferable that the first dispersant is the dispersant with the highest molecular weight among the dispersants contained in the intermediate film, and the second dispersant is the dispersant with the lowest molecular weight among the dispersants contained in the intermediate film. In addition, the dispersants contained in the intermediate film may also be composed of the first and second dispersants.

[0111] When the intermediate film contains a second dispersant in addition to the first dispersant, in the intermediate film, it is preferable that the content of the above-mentioned first dispersant is more than the content of the second dispersant. By making the content of the first dispersant more than the content of the second dispersant, it is easy to prevent the impact adhesion value from becoming high when the water content is high. In addition, it is easy to appropriately disperse colorants such as pigments and other substances in the intermediate film.

[0112] In the intermediate film, specifically, the ratio of the content of the second dispersant to the content of the first dispersant (second dispersant / first dispersant) on a mass basis is preferably 1 / 100 or more and 30 / 100 or less. By making the intermediate film contain the first and second dispersants at such a content ratio, it is easy to prevent the impact adhesion value from becoming high when the water content is high, and to appropriately disperse colorants such as pigments and other substances in the intermediate film. In addition, even when the dispersion containing the colorant and the dispersant is stored for a long time, it is easy to prevent aggregation from occurring.

[0113] The above ratio (second dispersant / first dispersant) is more preferably 3 / 100 or more and 25 / 100 or less, further preferably 7 / 100 or more and 20 / 100 or less, and even more preferably 10 / 100 or more and 20 / 100 or less.

[0114] As the dispersant, commercially available products can be used. As preferred commercially available products, there can also be mentioned "DISPERBYK-102", "DISPERBYK-185", "DISPERBYK-190", "DISPERBYK-193", "DISPERBYK-199", "DISPERBYK-2009", "DISPER BYK-160", "DISPERBYK-2001", "DISPERBYK-2000", "DISPERBYK-21116", "DISPERBYK-110", "DISPERBYK-111", "DISPERBYK-180", etc. manufactured by BYK.

[0115] In addition, there can also be mentioned "EFKA-44", "EFKA-46", "EFKA-47", "EFKA-48", "EFKA-4050", "EFKA-4020", "EFKA-4060", "EFKA-4406", "EFKA-4800", "EFKA-1101", etc. manufactured by BASF. In addition, there can be mentioned "NBZ-4204 / 10" manufactured by Lubrizol, "Hinoact KF-1M", "Hinoact T-6000", "Hinoact T-7000", "Hinoact T-8000", "Hinoact T-8350P", "Hinoact T-8000E", "KF-1000", "Ajisper PB-821", "Ajisper PB-822", "Ajisper PB-823", "Ajisper PA-111" manufactured by Kawaken Fine Chemicals, "Floren DOPA-33BHF", "Floren DOPA-44BHF" manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical, "Solsperse 20000", "Solsperse 22000", "Solsperse 24000", "Solsperse 27000", "Solsperse 28000", "Solsperse 41000", "Solsperse 41090", "Solsperse 43000", "Solsperse 44000", "Solsperse 46000", "Solsperse 5000", "Solsperse 2200" manufactured by Avecia.

[0116] In addition, “Disparon DA-234”, “Disparon DA-325”, “Disparon DA-375”, and “Disparon DA-725” manufactured by Kusumoto Chemicals Co., Ltd. and “TEGODispers 670”, “TEGODispers 740W”, “TEGODispers 750W”, “TEGODispers 755W”, “TEGODispers 757W”, and “TEGODispers 760” manufactured by Evonick Corporation can be cited. In addition, "OLOA-1200" manufactured by Sinochem Co., Ltd., "S-900" manufactured by U.S. Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd., and Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd. can be exemplified. "ニューポールPE61", "ニューポールPE64", "ニューポールPE74", "ニューポールPE75" etc. The dispersants exemplified above are preferably used as the first dispersant.

[0117] Commercially available dispersants include polycarboxylic acid-based dispersants such as BYK's "ANTI-TERRA-U", "ANTI-TERRA-U100", "ANTI-TERRA-203", "ANTI-TERRA-204", and "ANTI-TERRA-205". As described above, polycarboxylic acid-based dispersants are preferably used as the second dispersant.

[0118] From the viewpoint of properly exerting the effect of containing the dispersant, the content of the dispersant in the interlayer film is preferably 0.01 mass % or more and 0.3 mass % or less. In addition, from the viewpoint of preventing the impact adhesion value from increasing when the water content increases and properly dispersing the pigment, colorant, etc. by the dispersant, the content of the dispersant in the interlayer film is more preferably 0.01 mass % or more and 0.1 mass % or less, further preferably 0.02 mass % or more and 0.09 mass % or less, and further preferably 0.025 mass % or more and 0.075 mass % or less.

[0119] As described above, the interlayer film has one or more resin layers, and each resin layer preferably contains a dispersant. In the case where the interlayer film is a multilayer structure, the content of the dispersant in each resin layer can be adjusted in such a way that the content of the dispersant in the interlayer film as a whole is within the above range. Among them, the content of the dispersant in each of the resin layers containing the dispersant can be within the range of the appropriate content of the dispersant described above.

[0120] In addition, in the case where the interlayer film has a multilayer structure, the resin layer constituting at least one surface layer may contain a dispersant, and preferably the resin layers constituting the two surface layers contain a dispersant. In the case where the interlayer film is a multilayer structure, by making the resin layer constituting the surface layer contain a dispersant, the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.4% is easily made higher than the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.9% by the action of the above-mentioned dispersant, and it is also easy to make the difference between the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.4% and the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.9% be below a certain value.

[0121] In addition, each resin layer containing a dispersant may contain a first and a second dispersant. In this case, the content of the first dispersant in each resin layer is preferably more than the content of the second dispersant. The ratio of the contents of the first and second dispersants in each resin layer is as described above.

[0122] (Colorant)

[0123] As described above, the interlayer film of the present invention preferably contains a colorant. The colorant used is not particularly limited, and pigments used in conventional interlayer films for laminated glass can be used, and pigments such as blue, yellow, red, green, purple, black, and white can be used. Pigments, dyes, etc. can be used as the pigments. Since the interlayer film uses a colorant, the laminated glass can be colored, and the designability of the interlayer film can be improved. In the present invention, as the colorant, a pigment is preferably used. In the present invention, when a pigment is used, the above-mentioned dispersant can be used to effectively disperse the colorant in the interlayer film. In addition, if the interlayer film contains a pigment, there is a tendency for the impact adhesion value to easily increase when the moisture content becomes higher, but by using the above-mentioned specific dispersant, the increase in the impact adhesion value can be effectively suppressed.

[0124] Examples of the pigment include copper phthalocyanine-based pigments such as Pigment Blue, phthalocyanine-based pigments such as cobalt phthalocyanine pigments, azo-based pigments such as nickel complex azo-based pigments, anthraquinone-based pigments, perylene pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole-based pigments, quinacridone-based pigments, violanthrone-based pigments, thioindigo-based pigments, isoindoline-based pigments, isoindolinone-based pigments, quinophthalone-based pigments, indanthrone-based pigments, titanium oxide-based pigments, carbon blacks such as Pigment Black 7, and carbon-based materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes.

[0125] In addition, examples of the dye include azo dyes, cyanine dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, anthraquinone dyes, naphthoquinone dyes, quinoneimine dyes, methine dyes, methineimine dyes, squaric dyes, acridine dyes, styryl dyes, coumarin dyes, quinoline dyes, nitro dyes, etc. The dye can also be a disperse dye.

[0126] Among the above colorants, the colorant is preferably carbon black, azo pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, or quinacridone pigment.

[0127] The colorant can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0128] The pigments and dyes constituting the colorant can be directly incorporated into the resin constituting the resin layer, or can be incorporated into the resin after being made into the form of ink or toner, etc. In such a case, the content of the colorant refers to the content of the pigments and dyes themselves (i.e., the amount of the active ingredient).

[0129] In addition, the colorant is preferably incorporated into the resin after being dispersed in a plasticizer. More specifically, the colorant can be added to the plasticizer, and further a dispersant, etc. can be added to disperse it in the plasticizer, and it can be mixed with the resin in the form of a dispersion liquid.

[0130] When the intermediate film contains a colorant, the content of the colorant in the intermediate film is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less. If the content of the colorant is above the above lower limit value, the intermediate film can be appropriately colored, thereby improving the designability of the intermediate film. In addition, if the content of the colorant is below the above upper limit value, the intermediate film can be appropriately colored without impairing the transparency, mechanical properties, etc. of the intermediate film. The content of the colorant in the intermediate film is more preferably 0.015% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less, further preferably 0.02% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less, and still further preferably 0.03% by mass or more and 0.2% by mass or less.

[0131] As described above, the intermediate film preferably contains a dispersant and a colorant, and the ratio of the content of the dispersant in the intermediate film to the content of the colorant (dispersant / colorant), based on mass, is preferably 10 / 100 or more and 120 / 100 or less. By making the ratio (dispersant / colorant) within the above range, it is easy to appropriately disperse the colorant using the dispersant.

[0132] The above ratio is more preferably 20 / 100 or more and 90 / 100 or less, further preferably 40 / 100 or more and 85 / 100 or less, and still further preferably 50 / 100 or more and 80 / 100 or less.

[0133] The interlayer film has one or more resin layers as described above, and each resin layer may contain a colorant. When the interlayer film is composed of multiple layers, the content of the colorant in each resin layer can be adjusted so that the content and ratio (dispersant / colorant) of the colorant in the entire interlayer film fall within the above ranges. Among them, the content and ratio (dispersant / colorant) of the colorant in each resin layer containing the colorant can be within the range of the above suitable colorant content or within the range of the above suitable ratio (dispersant / colorant).

[0134] In addition, when the interlayer film has two or more resin layers, it is not necessary for all resin layers to contain a colorant. It is possible that some resin layers contain a colorant. For example, the resin layer containing a dispersant preferably contains a colorant, especially a pigment. By making the resin layer contain a colorant in addition to the dispersant, it is easier to appropriately disperse the colorant, especially the pigment, in the resin layer by the action of the dispersant.

[0135] (Metal salt (X))

[0136] The interlayer film preferably contains at least one metal salt selected from alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and magnesium salts (hereinafter sometimes referred to as metal salt (X)). Metal salt (X) is usually used as an adhesion regulator. By making the interlayer film have metal salt (X), the adhesion between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member can be controlled, and it is easy to adjust the impact adhesion value to the above desired range. Therefore, it is easy to obtain a laminated glass with excellent penetration resistance and less likely to peel between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member.

[0137] Metal salt (X) preferably contains at least one metal selected from K (potassium) and Mg (magnesium). Metal salt (X) is more preferably an alkali metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms or an alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and further preferably a magnesium carboxylate salt or a potassium carboxylate salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms. There is no particular limitation on the magnesium carboxylate salt and potassium carboxylate salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms. For example, magnesium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium propionate, potassium propionate, magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate, potassium 2-ethylbutyrate, magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate, and potassium 2-ethylhexanoate can be cited. Metal salt (X) can be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using two or more in combination, it is preferable to use magnesium acetate and magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate in combination.

[0138] The content of the metal salt (X) in the interlayer film is preferably 5 mass ppm or more and 1000 mass ppm or less, more preferably 10 mass ppm or more and 500 mass ppm or less, still more preferably 20 mass ppm or more and 200 mass ppm or less, and particularly preferably 20 mass ppm or more and 100 mass ppm or less, based on the amount of the metal element derived from the metal salt. If the content of the metal salt (X) is within the above range, the weather resistance and the like will not be reduced, and the adhesion to the laminated glass member can be appropriately adjusted.

[0139] The interlayer film has one or two or more resin layers as described above, and each resin layer may contain the metal salt (X). In the case where the interlayer film has a multilayer structure, the content of the metal salt (X) in each resin layer can be adjusted so that the content of the metal salt (X) in the entire interlayer film falls within the above range. Among them, the content of the metal salt (X) in each resin layer containing the metal salt (X) can also be within the range of the above-mentioned appropriate content of the metal salt (X).

[0140] In addition, in the case where the interlayer film has two or more resin layers, the resin layer constituting at least one surface layer may contain the metal salt (X), and preferably the resin layers constituting the two surface layers contain the metal salt (X).

[0141] In the case where the interlayer film is multilayered, by making the resin layers constituting the surface layer, particularly the two surface layers, contain the metal salt (X), the adhesion between the interlayer film and the laminated glass member can be controlled, and it is easy to adjust the impact adhesion value to the above-mentioned desired range.

[0142] Therefore, each surface layer in the multilayered interlayer film preferably contains a dispersant as described above. In addition, it is more preferably to contain either a colorant or the metal salt (X) in addition to the dispersant, and still more preferably to contain both a colorant and the metal salt (X) in addition to the dispersant.

[0143] In addition, in the interlayer film, if necessary, in addition to the above components, additives (other additives) such as a heat insulating agent, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, a fluorescent brightening agent, and a nucleating agent may be contained.

[0144] In the case where the interlayer film contains two or more resin layers, each resin layer may contain other additives as needed.

[0145] [Thickness of the interlayer film]

[0146] The thickness of the interlayer film is preferably 0.2 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. By making the interlayer film have a thickness of 0.2 mm or more, it is easy to achieve good adhesiveness with the laminated glass member. In addition, by making the interlayer film have a thickness of 2.0 mm or less, it is possible to prevent the laminated glass from thickening more than necessary. The thickness of the interlayer film is more preferably 0.25 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, and further preferably 0.3 mm or more and 0.9 mm or less.

[0147] In the case where the interlayer film has a multilayer structure, the thickness of each resin layer can be appropriately adjusted. For example, the thickness of each surface layer of the interlayer film is preferably 0.05 mm or more and 1 mm or less, more preferably 0.1 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less, and further preferably 0.15 mm or more and 0.45 mm or less. It should be noted that the thickness of the interlayer film and the resin layer can be obtained, for example, by 10-point averaging.

[0148] (Manufacturing method of the interlayer film)

[0149] The interlayer film of the present invention is not particularly limited. In the case where the interlayer film has a single-layer structure, for example, components constituting the interlayer film such as a dispersant, a colorant, a plasticizer, a metal salt (X), and other additives as required can be mixed in the resin, and the obtained resin composition can be subjected to extrusion molding, compression molding, etc. to be molded.

[0150] Here, from the viewpoint of improving the dispersibility in the resin composition, the colorant can preferably be mixed with the resin in a state of being made into a dispersion liquid containing the colorant and the dispersant, and can be more preferably incorporated into the plasticizer. After being dispersed in the plasticizer by the dispersant, it is mixed with the resin in the form of a dispersion liquid. By sufficiently dispersing the colorant with the dispersant in advance when incorporating the colorant into the resin composition, it is possible to prevent the colorant from aggregating in the interlayer film and make it appropriately dispersed.

[0151] The method of dispersing the colorant in the plasticizer is not particularly limited, and the following methods can be mentioned: adding a dispersant and a colorant to the plasticizer and using a dispersion device such as a bead mill, a sand mixer, a roll mill, a ball mill, a jet mill, a paint shaker, a microfluidic homogenizer, a high-speed impeller, a sand mill, a jet mixer, a high-pressure wet atomization device, an ultrasonic dispersion device for dispersion.

[0152] In addition, in the case of using two or more kinds of colorants, a dispersion liquid can be prepared for each colorant, or a dispersion liquid containing two or more kinds of colorants can be prepared.

[0153] The ratio of the colorant to the dispersant in each dispersion is preferably adjusted so as to fall within the above-mentioned ratio (dispersant / colorant) also in the dispersion. In addition, each dispersion may contain only the first dispersant as the dispersant, or may contain the second dispersant in addition to the first dispersant. In this case, the ratio of the first and second dispersants in the dispersion may also be adjusted so as to fall within the above-mentioned ratio (second dispersant / first dispersant).

[0154] In the case where the intermediate film has a multilayer structure, it can be formed by extrusion molding, press molding, etc. in the same manner as in the case where the intermediate film has a single-layer structure. In the case of a multilayer structure, a resin composition for forming each resin layer can be prepared in the same manner as in the case of a single-layer structure, each resin layer can be formed using the resin composition, and a plurality of resin layers can be laminated to obtain the intermediate film.

[0155] In the case of a multilayer structure, extrusion molding is also preferred, and among them, coextrusion is more preferred. In the coextrusion method, the resin compositions for forming each resin layer can be coextruded to obtain an intermediate film having a multilayer structure.

[0156] <Laminated glass>

[0157] The present invention also provides a laminated glass. The laminated glass includes first and second laminated glass members, and an intermediate film disposed between the first and second laminated glass members. The first and second laminated glass members are bonded via the intermediate film. One surface of the intermediate film is bonded to one laminated glass member, and the other surface is bonded to the other laminated glass member. The laminated glass can be manufactured as follows: the above-mentioned intermediate film is disposed between the first and second laminated glass members, and they are pressed together or the like to be integrated.

[0158] (Laminated glass member)

[0159] As the first and second laminated glass members used in the laminated glass, glass plates can be used. As the glass plates, any glass of inorganic glass and organic glass can be used, but inorganic glass is preferred. As the inorganic glass, there is no particular limitation, and examples include transparent glass, float glass plate, polished glass plate, embossed glass, wired glass, wired glass plate, raw glass, etc.

[0160] In addition, as the organic glass, glass generally referred to as resin glass is usually used. There is no particular limitation, and examples include organic glass made of resins such as polycarbonate, acrylic resin, acrylic copolymer resin, and polyester.

[0161] The first and second laminated glass members may be made of the same type of material as each other, or may be made of other materials. For example, one may be inorganic glass and the other may be organic glass, but preferably both the first and second laminated glass members are inorganic glass or both are organic glass.

[0162] In addition, the thickness of each laminated glass member is not particularly limited, for example, it is about 0.1 to 15 mm, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm. The thicknesses of the respective glass plates may be the same as each other or different, but preferably the same.

[0163] The laminated glass of the present invention can be used as window glass for various vehicles such as automobiles, aircraft, ships, buildings, etc., and is preferably used as automotive laminated glass. The automotive laminated glass can be any of windshield glass, side window glass, rear glass, and roof glass.

[0164] Examples

[0165] The present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited by any of these examples.

[0166] The measurement methods and evaluation methods in this example are as described below.

[0167] [Molecular weight of dispersant]

[0168] For the dispersant, the weight-average molecular weight was measured using GPC (device: "APC system" manufactured by Waters, column: "ACQIUTY APCXT125-X145-XT45 each 4.6 mmΦ×150 mm" manufactured by Waters). In addition, THF was used as the eluent, RI was used as the detector, and polystyrene was used as the standard sample.

[0169] [Thickness of the interlayer film]

[0170] The interlayer film was measured using a micrometer ("OMV-50MX" manufactured by Mitutoyo) or a microscope ("DSX500" manufactured by OLYMPUS).

[0171] [Impact adhesion value]

[0172] For the interlayer films obtained in the examples and comparative examples, the moisture content was adjusted to 0.4% and 0.9%. It should be noted that for the interlayer film used to measure the impact adhesion value, in the part that becomes the central part of the laminated glass described later, the moisture content was measured by the B method - moisture gasification method in accordance with JIS K 7251, and the average value of two points was obtained to confirm that the above moisture content had been achieved. Using the interlayer films with the moisture content adjusted to 0.4% and 0.9% respectively, laminated glass was produced as described in the examples below.

[0173] The obtained laminated glass was placed at a temperature of -18°C ± 0.6°C for 16 hours, and one half (a portion of 150 mm in length × 150 mm in width) on one side of the laminated glass was struck with a hammer having a head weight of 0.45 kg until the glass was crushed to a particle size of 6 mm or less. Then, the glass peeled off from the interlayer film was removed, and the exposure degree of the interlayer film exposed due to the peeling of the glass from the interlayer film was measured, and the impact adhesion value was obtained according to Table 1 below. The front and back sides were measured in two samples of laminated glass, and the average value of the four measured values obtained was used as the impact adhesion value.

[0174] The value Δ obtained by subtracting the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.9% from the impact adhesion value at a moisture content of 0.4% was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.

[0175] A: 0 < Δ ≤ 1 B: 1 < Δ ≤ 1.5

[0176] C: 1.5 < Δ ≤ 2 D: Δ ≤ 0

[0177] [Table 1]

[0178] Exposure degree of the intermediate film (area%) Impact adhesion value 95 < exposure degree ≤ 100 1 90 < exposure degree ≤ 95 1.5 85 < exposure degree ≤ 90 2 70 ≤ exposure degree ≤ 85 2.5 60 < exposure degree ≤ 70 3 50 < exposure degree ≤ 60 3.5 40 < exposure degree ≤ 50 4 30 < exposure degree ≤ 40 4.5 20 < exposure degree ≤ 30 5 15 < exposure degree ≤ 20 5.5 10 < exposure degree ≤ 15 6 7.5 < exposure degree ≤ 10 6.5 5 < exposure degree ≤ 7.5 7 3.5 < exposure degree ≤ 5 7.5 2 < exposure degree ≤ 3.5 8 1 < exposure degree ≤ 2 8.5 0 ≤ exposure degree ≤ 1 9

[0179] It should be noted that the respective components used in the examples and comparative examples are as described below.

[0180] (1) Resin

[0181] PVB: Polyvinyl butyral resin, degree of acetalization: 69 mol%, amount of hydroxyl groups: 30 mol%, degree of acetylation: 1 mol%, average degree of polymerization of PVA used in synthesis: 1700

[0182] (2) Plasticizer

[0183] 3GO: Triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate

[0184] (3) Pigment

[0185] PR209: Pigment Red 209 (CAS No. 3573-01-1), quinacridone-based pigment, red pigment

[0186] PR202: Pigment Red 202 (CAS No. 3089-17-6), quinacridone pigment

[0187] PY150: Pigment Yellow 150 (CAS No. 68511-62-6), nickel complex azo-based pigment,

[0188] PB15-3: Pigment Blue 15-3 (CAS No. 147-14-8), copper phthalocyanine-based pigment

[0189] Pblack 7: Pigment Black 7 (CAS No. 1333-86-4), carbon black pigment

[0190] (4) Dispersant

[0191] Dispersant a: "DISPERBYK-2009" manufactured by BYK, acrylic block copolymer, alkaline, weight average molecular weight: 3000

[0192] Dispersant b: "ANTI-TERRA-204" manufactured by BYK, polyaminoamide polycarboxylate

[0193] (5) Metal salt (X)

[0194] Mg salt: A 50:50 (mass ratio) mixture of magnesium 2-ethylbutyrate and magnesium acetate

[0195] [Example 1]

[0196] (Manufacture of interlayer film)

[0197] For polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB), a plasticizer, a dispersant, and a metal salt (X) were kneaded using an extruder in such a manner as to achieve the formulation shown in Table 2, obtaining a resin composition. The obtained resin composition was extruded to obtain an interlayer film with a thickness of 760 μm.

[0198] (Manufacture of laminated glass)

[0199] Two pieces of transparent glass each with a length of 300 mm × width of 150 mm × thickness of 2.5 mm were prepared. As the transparent glass, transparent glass obtained in accordance with JIS R3202 (2011) (visible light transmittance: 90.4%, manufactured by Central Glass Co., Ltd.) was used. The interlayer film obtained above was kept under humidity conditioning conditions of 23°C, 23% RH for 12 hours (when the moisture content was 0.4%) or 50°C, 95% RH for 8 minutes (when the moisture content was 0.9%). After confirming that the moisture content had become 0.4% or 0.9%, it was sandwiched between the two pieces of transparent glass to form a laminate. The obtained laminate was temporarily pressed using a heating roller at 170°C. Using an autoclave, the temporarily pressed laminate was pressed under the conditions of 140°C and a pressure of 1.3 MPa for 20 minutes to manufacture laminated glass. For the obtained laminated glass, the impact adhesion value was measured and evaluated.

[0200] [Examples 2, 3]

[0201] The formulation in each interlayer film was adjusted as shown in Table 2, and other than that, it was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0202] [Example 4]

[0203] The respective components were kneaded according to the formulation described in Table 2 to obtain a resin composition. The obtained resin composition was extruded to obtain an intermediate film with a thickness of 760 μm. Using the obtained intermediate film, laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. For the obtained laminated glass, the impact adhesion value was measured and evaluated.

[0204] [Examples 5 - 10]

[0205] Resin compositions having the formulations shown in Tables 2 and 3 were obtained through the same procedures as in Example 4. The obtained resin compositions were extruded to obtain intermediate films with a thickness of 760 μm. Using the obtained intermediate films, laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 4. For the obtained laminated glass, the impact adhesion value was measured and evaluated.

[0206] [Comparative Example 1]

[0207] Except that the formulation in each intermediate film was adjusted as shown in Table 3, the procedure was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0208] [Comparative Examples 2 - 4]

[0209] Resin compositions having the formulations shown in Tables 2 and 3 were obtained through the same procedures as in Example 4. The obtained resin compositions were extruded to obtain intermediate films with a thickness of 760 μm. Using the obtained intermediate films, laminated glass was produced in the same manner as in Example 4. For the obtained laminated glass, the impact adhesion value was measured and evaluated.

[0210] [Table 2]

[0211]

[0212] [Table 3]

[0213]

[0214] As shown in Tables 2 and 3, in each of the examples, by adjusting the formulation of the intermediate film, the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% became higher than the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9%. Therefore, even if the intermediate film is used under high - humidity conditions for a long time and the water content of the peripheral part becomes high, the state where the steel ball is difficult to penetrate in the falling - ball test is maintained, and the penetration resistance is well maintained.

[0215] In contrast, in the comparative examples, the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% became lower than the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9%. Therefore, if the intermediate film is used under high - humidity conditions for a long time and the water content of the peripheral part becomes high, the steel ball is more likely to penetrate in the falling - ball test than in the case of a low water content, and the penetration resistance is likely to decrease.

Claims

1. An interlayer film for laminated glass, the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% is greater than the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9%.

2. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, the difference between the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.4% and the impact adhesion value at a water content of 0.9% is greater than 0 and is 2 or less.

3. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 1, which comprises a thermoplastic resin and a dispersant.

4. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 3, the dispersant comprises at least 1 dispersant selected from acrylic dispersants, amine dispersants and urethane dispersants.

5. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 3 or 4, which comprises 2 or more kinds of the dispersants.

6. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 5, the dispersant comprises a first dispersant and a second dispersant having a lower molecular weight than the first dispersant, and the ratio of the content of the second dispersant to the content of the first dispersant is 1 / 100 or more and 30 / 100 or less on a mass basis.

7. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 3 or 4, the dispersant comprises a dispersant having a molecular weight of 2500 or more.

8. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 3 or 4, the content of the dispersant is 0.01% by mass or more and 0.3% by mass or less.

9. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which further comprises a colorant.

10. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to claim 9, the ratio of the content of the dispersant to the content of the colorant is 20 / 100 or more and 90 / 100 or less on a mass basis.

11. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises at least 1 metal salt selected from alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and magnesium salts.

12. A laminated glass, which comprises a first laminated glass member, a second laminated glass member and the interlayer film for laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The interlayer film for laminated glass is disposed between the first laminated glass member and the second laminated glass member.

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