Intelligent proportioning preparation method of saline-alkali soil conditioner

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent proportioning preparation method of a saline-alkali soil conditioner, and relates to the field of soil conditioners, 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum is taken and added into 3-8 parts of sodium alginate colloid, and 2-5 parts of bacillus subtilis and 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria are taken and added into the colloid; stirring 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate to form a mixed raw material; and spraying the mixed colloid into the mixed raw material, and finally drying and granulating to form modifier particles, in order to solve the problem of non-uniform ratio of sodium alginate, the air permeability and water retention of the soil are enhanced by determining the optimal crosslinking ratio of sodium alginate to calcium ions in desulfurized gypsum, so that the soil keeps high activity in the saline-alkali soil, and the quality of the saline-alkali soil is improved. The soil can adsorb salt ions, and the salt concentration in a soil solution is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of soil conditioners, and particularly to an intelligent proportioning preparation method for a saline-alkali soil conditioner. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali soil conditioners are substances used to improve the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soils, reduce soil salinity and alkalinity, and promote plant growth. Their action principles are diverse. Some replace harmful sodium ions in the soil through ion exchange; some adjust the soil pH value to lower the pH; some can improve the soil structure, enhance soil permeability, and water and fertilizer retention capacity. The types of conditioners are rich, including acidic substances, organic materials, minerals, and polymer compounds, etc. For example, gypsum can react with sodium carbonate in the soil to reduce soil alkalinity; humic acid substances can adsorb salts and improve soil fertility. Reasonable use of saline-alkali soil conditioners can effectively improve the quality of saline-alkali soils and contribute to the ecological restoration of saline-alkali soils and agricultural production.

[0003] The prior art with the publication number CN101935532A discloses an acidic soil conditioner, which uses the solid kelp residue generated during the production of sodium alginate as raw materials. After drying and pulverizing, the kelp residue powder is the acidic soil conditioner. The acidic soil conditioner of the present invention has the use of improving acidic soil as a raw material; when in use, first measure the acidity of the soil to be improved, and determine the input amount of the acidic soil conditioner according to the soil acidity; then put the acidic soil conditioner into the soil to be improved and mix it evenly with the soil. The present invention makes full use of the components rich in alkali metal elements, cellulose, protein, perlite, diatomite, activated carbon, etc. in the kelp residue, has the characteristics of being rich in various metal ions and cellulose, and at the same time has the ability to neutralize acidic substances. It is a nutritional acidic soil conditioner, which is beneficial to reducing the acidity of acidic soils and can also turn waste into treasure and reduce environmental pollution.

[0004] The prior art with the publication number CN111139081A discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner. Its preparation raw materials by weight include: 35-40 parts of attapulgite, 6-11 parts of humic acid, 4-7 parts of malic acid, 5-10 parts of manganese sulfate, 8-16 parts of azelaic acid, 1-3 parts of sodium alginate, 2-6 parts of ammonium sulfate, and 1-3 parts of stearamide. The saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the present invention can adjust the soil pH, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, enhance soil permeability through careful selection of the formula, and can effectively reduce the pH value and alkalization degree of the soil.

[0005] However, the above prior art has the following several problems: 1. Regarding the reasonable proportioning of sodium alginate Neither of the two prior art documents conducted precise ratio studies on sodium alginate. In "A Soil Conditioner for Saline-alkali Soil and Its Preparation Method", although sodium alginate was mentioned as one of the raw materials, the interaction relationship between it and other components was not clarified, nor was the impact of different dosages of sodium alginate on soil improvement effects studied. "An Acidic Soil Conditioner and Its Uses" used kelp residue (containing components such as sodium alginate) as the raw material, but did not separately explore the reasonable dosage of sodium alginate during the process of improving acidic soil, as well as the effects of dosage changes on soil acidity regulation, fertility improvement, etc., and could not provide precise ratio guidance for practical applications.

[0006] 2. In terms of intelligent spray coating Neither of the two prior art documents mentioned the intelligent spray coating technology. In "A Soil Conditioner for Saline-alkali Soil and Its Preparation Method", it did not elaborate on how to uniformly mix and coat various raw materials, which might lead to uneven distribution of components and affect the performance of the soil conditioner. "An Acidic Soil Conditioner and Its Uses" also did not involve the coating process of the conditioner particles, and could not ensure the effective action and stability of the conditioner in the soil. Due to the lack of intelligent spray coating technology, it was difficult to ensure the stability of the quality and performance of the soil improvement products in the prior art documents.

[0007] Therefore, an intelligent ratio preparation method for a saline-alkali soil conditioner is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art. The present invention proposes an intelligent ratio preparation method for a saline-alkali soil conditioner, aiming to solve the problem of poor soil quality effects caused by uneven ratio of sodium alginate.

[0009] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an intelligent ratio preparation method for a saline-alkali soil conditioner, comprising the following steps: S1: Dissolve 3 - 8 parts of sodium alginate in warm water, stir for 30 minutes, take 15 - 25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, add it to the sodium alginate colloid to form a semi-gel state pre-crosslinked liquid; Weigh 2 - 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2 - 3 parts of Lactobacillus, and slowly add them to the pre-crosslinked liquid; S2: Pass 20 - 30 parts of humic acid, 5 - 10 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 5 - 10 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve, and dry-mix them in a stirrer at room temperature for 30 minutes at a rotation speed of 180 rpm; S3: Spray the pre-crosslinked liquid of S1 into the mixed raw materials in the stirrer in a spray manner; S4: Dry the wet particles and then granulate them to form conditioner particles with a sodium alginate - microbial gel layer on the surface.

[0010] Furthermore, the material-water ratio of the sodium alginate to warm water is 1:15.

[0011] Furthermore, the sodium alginate and the desulfurized gypsum undergo an ion exchange reaction so that the calcium ions and the carboxyl groups of the sodium alginate are cross-linked in a molar ratio of 1:2.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific steps of S3 are as follows: S31: Use a nozzle to spray into the mixer. The nozzle has a built-in viscosity sensor to monitor the viscosity of the pre-cross-linking liquid in real time, and automatically adjusts the aperture and spray pressure through the PID algorithm; S32: The upper inner side of the mixer is equipped with an infrared humidity sensor to monitor the humidity inside the mixer and adjust the spray flow rate and the stirring speed.

[0013] S33: A hyperspectral camera is set outside the mixer to collect particle images in real time, identify the packaging status through the CNN algorithm, and adjust the spray time and angle.

[0014] Furthermore, in S31, when the viscosity sensor detects that the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the aperture is automatically compensated by 0.1 mm and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05 MPa.

[0015] Furthermore, in S32, when the infrared humidity sensor detects that the local humidity is greater than 15%, the spray flow rate is automatically reduced by 10% and the stirring speed is increased to 250 rpm.

[0016] Furthermore, in S33, when the uncoated particles are greater than 15%, the spray time is automatically extended by 5 minutes and the nozzle swing angle is expanded to 90°.

[0017] Furthermore, the nozzle is a piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture nozzle, and the piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture nozzle is controlled to rotate by a motor arranged on one side, so that the nozzle swing angle can reach 90°.

[0018] Furthermore, in S4, the wet granules are dried at 60° C. to a moisture content of 8%-10%, processed into 2-4 mm granules by a disc granulator, and sieved by a vibrating screen.

[0019] Furthermore, a soil conditioner is prepared by an intelligent proportioning method for preparing a saline-alkali soil conditioner, and includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-8 parts of sodium alginate, 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 2-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: 1. Through precise stoichiometric calculations, the optimal cross-linking ratio of sodium alginate to calcium ions in desulfurized gypsum was determined to be 1:2, and based on this, the reasonable dosage range of sodium alginate was determined to be 3 - 8 parts. At this ratio, the carboxyl groups of sodium alginate are fully cross-linked with calcium ions, and the proportion of soil aggregates > 0.25 mm increases significantly, with an increase range of 37% - 61%, effectively improving the soil structure and enhancing the air permeability and water retention of the soil; Sodium alginate with a reasonable ratio has a good protective effect on microorganisms. Sodium alginate with an accurate ratio can form a stable microcapsule structure, effectively protecting microorganisms and enabling them to maintain a high activity in saline-alkali soil, promoting nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition in the soil, and enhancing soil fertility; The reasonable ratio of sodium alginate significantly improves the ion adsorption capacity of the soil. The soil can more effectively adsorb salt ions, reduce the salt concentration in the soil solution, alleviate the toxic effect of salts on crops, and create a good soil environment for crop growth.

[0021] 2. The intelligent spray coating technology, with the help of a piezoelectric ceramic variable orifice nozzle and an internal viscosity sensor, according to the PID algorithm, when the viscosity fluctuates by more than ±10%, automatically adjusts the orifice diameter and spray pressure, precisely controls the spray particle size, makes the atomized particle distribution concentrated, increases the particle coating uniformity from 60% to over 85%, reduces the wet mass ratio from 20% - 25% to below 5%, enables the components of the modifier to be evenly distributed in the soil, enhances the improvement effect. The spray - agitation linkage function monitors the humidity through an infrared humidity sensor. When the local humidity > 15%, it automatically adjusts the spray flow rate and agitation speed to break up the wet mass, enabling the sodium alginate - microorganism - desulfurized gypsum complex to evenly coat the dry powder raw materials, enhancing the stability and effectiveness of the modifier in the soil, and making up for the defect of uneven component distribution in the existing technology. The AI quality monitoring uses a hyperspectral camera and a CNN algorithm to monitor the coating status in real time. When the proportion of uncoated particles > 15%, it automatically adjusts the spray time and nozzle angle, increases the proportion of fully coated particles from 60% to over 85%, improves the utilization rate of the modifier, reduces resource waste, and ensures the stable and reliable improvement effect, which is difficult to achieve in the existing technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The disclosure of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same components. Among them: Figure 1 Schematically shows the overall method flow chart proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematically shows the module diagram of the intelligent spray proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] It is easy to understand that according to the technical solution of the present invention, without changing the essential spirit of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can propose a variety of interchangeable structural modes and implementation modes. Therefore, the following specific implementation modes and drawings are only exemplary descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be regarded as the whole of the present invention or as a limitation or restriction to the technical solution of the present invention.

[0024] Combination Figure 1 - Figure 2 A method for preparing a saline-alkali soil conditioner by intelligent proportioning is shown, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Proportion 1. Raw material pretreatment and chemical measurement ratio Dissolve 3-8 parts of sodium alginate in 45-120 parts of 30°C warm water at a material-water ratio of 1:15, and stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved to form a 6.25% colloidal solution. Take 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, pass it through a 120-mesh sieve, and add sodium alginate colloid in 3 portions while stirring at a speed of 150 rpm. Through ion exchange reaction, calcium ions and sodium alginate carboxyl groups are cross-linked in a 1:2 molar ratio to form a semi-gel pre-cross-linked liquid. The reaction time is 20 minutes.

[0025] 2. Optimization of microbial embedding parameters Bacterial agent ratio: weigh 2-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, slowly add them into the pre-crosslinking solution, embedding process: stir at a low speed of 120rpm for 15 minutes, control the microcapsule particle size to 50-100μm, and ensure that the bacterial content per gram of colloid reaches 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0026] Step 2: Dry Mixing Process 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate are sieved through an 80-mesh sieve to remove impurities and ensure uniform particle size. The dry-mixed mixture is stirred in a mixer at room temperature for 30 minutes at a speed of 180 rpm to fully disperse the dry powder raw materials.

[0027] Step 3: Intelligent spray packaging system Intelligent nozzle control: piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture nozzle (0.3-0.8mm dynamic adjustment), built-in viscosity sensor to monitor the viscosity of pre-cross-linking liquid in real time, automatically adjust the aperture and spray pressure (target particle size 80-120μm) through PID algorithm, when the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the aperture is automatically compensated by 0.1mm, and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05MPa to ensure the concentration of atomized particle distribution (CV≤16%).

[0028] Spray - agitation linkage: In conjunction with an infrared humidity sensor to monitor the humidity inside the mixer. When the local humidity > 15%, automatically reduce the spray flow rate by 10% and increase the agitation speed to 250 rpm to break up wet agglomerates (the incidence rate of wet agglomerates ≤ 5%).

[0029] AI quality monitoring: A hyperspectral camera real - time collects particle images and identifies the wrapping status through the CNN algorithm. When the proportion of unwrapped particles > 15%, automatically extend the spray time by 5 minutes and expand the nozzle swing angle to 90° to cover the edge blind area (the proportion of fully wrapped particles ≥ 85%).

[0030] Step Four: Low - temperature drying and standardized granulation 1. Drying process: Dry the wet particles at 60°C until the moisture content is 8% - 10% (drying time 4 - 6 hours) to avoid high - temperature damage to the microbial activity and the alginate gel structure.

[0031] 2. Granulation and screening: Process into 2 - 4 mm particles through a disk granulator and screen through a vibrating screen to form modifier particles with a uniformly wrapped alginate - microbial gel layer on the surface.

[0032] Example One Step One: Proportioning 1. Raw material pretreatment and stoichiometric proportioning Dissolve 5 parts of sodium alginate in 75 parts of 30°C warm water and stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved to form a 6.25% colloidal solution; take 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum that has passed through a 120 - mesh sieve, add it to the sodium alginate colloid in 3 portions, stir while adding, and through an ion - exchange reaction, cross - link calcium ions with the carboxyl groups of sodium alginate in a 1:2 molar ratio to form a semi - gel - state pre - cross - linked solution, and control the reaction time within 20 minutes.

[0033] 2. Optimization of microbial embedding parameters Weigh 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, slowly add them to the pre - cross - linked solution, stir at a low speed of 120 rpm for 15 minutes, control the micro - capsule particle size at 50 - 100 μm, ensure that the bacteria content per gram of colloid reaches 1×10 9 CFU / g, and the viable bacteria loss rate ≤ 15%.

[0034] Step Two: Dry - mixing process Pass 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 8 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80 - mesh sieve to remove impurities and ensure uniform particle size, and dry - mix at room temperature for 30 minutes with a stirrer at a speed of 180 rpm to fully disperse the dry powder raw materials.

[0035] Step Three: Intelligent spray - wrapping system 31. Intelligent nozzle control: A piezoelectric ceramic variable orifice nozzle is adopted, with a dynamic adjustment range of 0.3 - 0.8 mm. A viscosity sensor is built-in to monitor the viscosity of the pre-crosslinked liquid in real time. The orifice diameter and spray pressure are automatically adjusted through the PID algorithm. When the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the orifice diameter is automatically compensated by 0.1 mm, and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05 MPa to ensure the concentration of the atomized particle distribution.

[0036] 32. Spray-stirring linkage: An infrared humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity in the mixer. When the local humidity > 15%, the spray flow rate is automatically reduced by 10% and the stirring speed is increased to 250 rpm to break up the wet mass.

[0037] 33. AI quality monitoring: A hyperspectral camera is used to collect particle images in real time. The wrapping state is identified through the CNN algorithm. When the un-wrapped particles > 15%, the spray time is automatically extended by 5 minutes and the nozzle swing angle is enlarged to 90° to cover the edge blind area.

[0038] Step Four: Low-temperature drying and standardized granulation The wet particles are dried at 60°C to a moisture content of 8% - 10% to avoid destroying the microbial activity and the alginate gel structure at high temperatures. They are processed into 2 - 4 mm particles by a disk granulator and screened by a vibrating screen to form modifier particles with a uniformly wrapped alginate-microbial gel layer on the surface.

[0039] Example Two Step One: Proportioning Raw material pretreatment and stoichiometric proportioning Dissolve 3 parts of sodium alginate in 45 parts of warm water at 30°C and stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved. Take 15 parts of desulfurized gypsum that has passed through a 120-mesh sieve and add it to the sodium alginate colloid in 3 portions, stirring while adding. Through the ion exchange reaction, calcium ions and the carboxyl groups of sodium alginate are crosslinked at a molar ratio of 1:2 to form a semi-gel state pre-crosslinked liquid, and the reaction time is controlled within 20 minutes.

[0040] 2. Optimization of microbial embedding parameters Weigh 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 1 part of Lactobacillus, and slowly add them to the pre-crosslinked liquid, stirring at a low speed of 120 rpm for 15 minutes, and controlling the microcapsule particle size at 50 - 100 μm.

[0041] Step Two: Dry mixing process Pass 20 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 5 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve and dry stir at room temperature for 30 minutes at a rotation speed of 180 rpm.

[0042] Step Three: Intelligent spray wrapping system 31. Intelligent nozzle control: A piezoelectric ceramic variable orifice nozzle is adopted, with a dynamic adjustment range of 0.3 - 0.8 mm. A viscosity sensor is built-in to monitor the viscosity of the pre-crosslinked liquid in real time. The orifice diameter and spray pressure are automatically adjusted through the PID algorithm. When the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the orifice diameter is automatically compensated by 0.1 mm, and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05 MPa.

[0043] 32. Spray-stirring linkage: An infrared humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity in the mixer. When the local humidity > 15%, the spray flow rate is automatically reduced by 10% and the stirring speed is increased to 250 rpm to break up wet lumps.

[0044] 33. AI quality monitoring: A hyperspectral camera is used to collect particle images in real time. The wrapping state is identified through the CNN algorithm. When the proportion of unpacked particles > 15%, the spray time is automatically extended by 5 minutes and the nozzle swing angle is enlarged to 90° to cover the edge blind area.

[0045] Step 4: Low-temperature drying and standardized granulation The wet particles are dried at 60°C to a moisture content of 8% - 10%, and then processed into 2 - 4 mm particles by a disk granulator. After screening by a vibrating screen, modified agent particles with a uniformly wrapped sodium alginate - microbial gel layer on the surface are formed.

[0046] Example 3 Step 1. Proportioning Raw material pretreatment and stoichiometric proportioning 8 parts of sodium alginate are dissolved in 120 parts of warm water at 30°C and stirred for 30 minutes until completely dissolved. 25 parts of desulfurized gypsum that has passed through a 120-mesh sieve are taken and added to the sodium alginate colloid in 3 portions, with stirring during the addition. Through an ion exchange reaction, calcium ions and the carboxyl groups of sodium alginate are crosslinked at a molar ratio of 1:2 to form a semi-gel state pre-crosslinked liquid, and the reaction time is controlled within 20 minutes.

[0047] 2. Optimization of microbial embedding parameters 5 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 31 parts of lactic acid bacteria are weighed and slowly added to the pre-crosslinked liquid, and stirred at a low speed of 120 rpm for 15 minutes to control the microcapsule particle size at 50 - 100 μm.

[0048] Step 2. Dry mixing process 30 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 10 parts of ferrous sulfate are sieved through an 80-mesh sieve and dry stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes by a mixer at a speed of 180 rpm.

[0049] Step 3. Intelligent spray wrapping system 31. Intelligent nozzle control: A piezoelectric ceramic variable-aperture nozzle is adopted, with a dynamic adjustment range of 0.3 - 0.8 mm. A viscosity sensor is built in to monitor the viscosity of the pre-crosslinked liquid in real time. The aperture and spray pressure are automatically adjusted through the PID algorithm. When the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the aperture is automatically compensated by 0.1 mm, and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05 MPa to ensure the concentration of the atomized particle distribution.

[0050] 32. Spray-stirring linkage: An infrared humidity sensor is used to monitor the humidity inside the mixer. When the local humidity > 15%, the spray flow rate is automatically reduced by 10% and the stirring speed is increased to 250 rpm to break up the wet mass.

[0051] 33. AI quality monitoring: A hyperspectral camera is used to collect particle images in real time. The wrapping state is identified through the CNN algorithm. When the proportion of unwrapped particles > 15%, the spray time is automatically extended by 5 minutes and the nozzle swing angle is enlarged to 90° to cover the edge blind area.

[0052] Step Four: Low-temperature drying and standardized granulation The wet particles are dried at 60°C to a moisture content of 8% - 10%, and processed into 2 - 4 mm particles by a disk granulator. After screening by a vibrating screen, modified agent particles with a uniformly wrapped sodium alginate - microbial gel layer on the surface are formed.

[0053] Comparative Example 1 Step One: Ratio Raw material pretreatment and stoichiometric ratio Dissolve 2 parts of sodium alginate in 30 parts of warm water at 30°C, stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved. Take 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum that has passed through a 120-mesh sieve, add it to the sodium alginate colloid in 3 portions, and stir while adding to form a semi-gel state pre-crosslinked liquid. The reaction time is controlled within 20 minutes.

[0054] Optimization of microbial embedding parameters Weigh 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2 parts of Lactobacillus, slowly add them to the pre-crosslinked liquid, and stir at a low speed of 120 rpm for 15 minutes to control the microcapsule particle size at 50 - 100 μm.

[0055] Step Two: Dry mixing process Pass 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 8 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve, and dry-mix them in a mixer at room temperature for 30 minutes at a rotation speed of 180 rpm.

[0056] Step Three: Intelligent spray wrapping system Spray and add sodium alginate - microbial colloid to the mixer.

[0057] Step Four: Low-temperature drying and standardized granulation The wet particles are dried at 60°C to a moisture content of 8%-10%, processed into 2-4 mm particles by a disk granulator, and screened by a vibrating screen to form modifier particles with a surface uniformly coated with a sodium alginate-microbial gel layer.

[0058] Comparative Example 2 Step 1. Proportioning Raw material pretreatment and stoichiometric proportioning Dissolve 2 parts of sodium alginate in 30 parts of warm water at 30°C, stir for 30 minutes until completely dissolved, take 20 parts of desulfurized gypsum that has passed through a 120-mesh sieve, add it while stirring to form a semi-gel state pre-crosslinking solution, and control the reaction time at 20 minutes.

[0059] 2. Optimization of microbial embedding parameters Weigh 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, slowly add them to the pre-crosslinking solution, stir at a low speed of 120 rpm for 15 minutes, and control the microcapsule particle size at 50-100 μm.

[0060] Step 2. Mixing process Pass 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 8 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve, and mix them with the pre-crosslinking solution by a stirrer.

[0061] Step 3: Low-temperature drying and standard granulation The wet particles are dried at 60°C to a moisture content of 8%-10%, processed into 2-4 mm particles by a disk granulator, and screened by a vibrating screen to form modifier particles with a surface uniformly coated with a sodium alginate-microbial gel layer.

[0062] Comparative Example 3 Step 1. Pass 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, and 8 parts of ferrous sulfate through an 80-mesh sieve, and mix them with 3 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2 parts of lactic acid bacteria by a stirrer.

[0063] Step 2. The wet particles are dried at 60°C to a moisture content of 8%-10%, processed into 2-4 mm particles by a disk granulator, and screened by a vibrating screen to form modifier particles with a surface uniformly coated with a sodium alginate-microbial gel layer.

[0064] Sodium alginate proportioning and function verification table Group Dosage of sodium alginate (parts) Microbial embedding method Calcium ion cross - linking ratio Soil aggregates > 0.25mm (%) Microbial survival rate (pH > 9.0) Sodium ion adsorption capacity (mg / g) Example 1 5 Sodium alginate gel microcapsule package 1:2 molar ratio 52 ≥78% 220-250 Example 2 3 Sodium alginate gel microcapsule package 1:2 molar ratio 48 ≥75% 180-220 Example 3 8 Sodium alginate gel microcapsule package 1:2 molar ratio 55 ≥80% 220-250 Control Example 1 2 Traditional mixing (without microcapsules) Not precisely proportioned 35 ≤50% 120-150 Control Example 2 2 Traditional mixing (without microcapsules) Not precisely proportioned 34 ≤45% 100-130 Control Example 3 0 None None 25 ≤30% 80-100 Table analysis: 1. Microcapsules protect microorganisms: In the examples, the amount of sodium alginate used is 3-8 parts. By encapsulating microorganisms with gel microcapsules, the survival rate of Bacillus subtilis and others in a highly alkaline environment is increased to over 75%, significantly higher than that in Comparative Example 1 and 2 (≤50%) and Comparative Example 3 (without sodium alginate, survival rate ≤30%).

[0065] 2. Carboxyl group adsorbs salts: The carboxyl groups in the sodium alginate molecules combine with sodium ions. The adsorption capacity in the examples reaches 180 - 250 mg / g, which is 60% - 80% higher than that in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (100 - 150 mg / g), verifying the high - efficiency ion - adsorption ability of the carboxyl groups.

[0066] 3. Calcium - ion cross - linking enhances aggregates: In the examples, sodium alginate and desulfurized gypsum are cross - linked at a molar ratio of 1:2. The proportion of soil aggregates > 0.25 mm reaches 48% - 55%, which is 40% - 60% higher than that in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (34% - 35%), proving that calcium - ion cross - linking effectively improves the soil structure.

[0067] Performance comparison table of the intelligent spraying and coating system Group Nozzle type Uniformity of particle coating (%) Wet mass ratio (%) Atomization particle size control (μm) AI quality monitoring Ion adsorption capacity (sodium ion removal rate) Example 1 Piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture, dynamic adjustment 85 ≤5 80-120 Hyperspectral camera 48.9% Example 2 Piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture, dynamic adjustment 82 ≤5 80-120 Hyperspectral camera 45.7% Example 3 Piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture, dynamic adjustment 88 ≤5 80-120 Hyperspectral camera 50.2% Control Example 1 Fixed aperture 60 20 50-200 None 33.0% Control Example 2 Fixed aperture 55 25 50-200 None 30.5% Control Example 3 No spray coating 40 40 - None 25.0% Table analysis:

[0068] 1. Advantage in atomization uniformity: In the examples, an intelligent variable - aperture nozzle + AI monitoring is adopted. The particle coating uniformity reaches 82% - 88%, and the wet - mass ratio ≤ 5%, which is significantly better than that in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (uniformity 55% - 60%, wet - mass ratio 20% - 25%) and Comparative Example 3 (no spraying, uniformity 40%).

[0069] 2. Improvement in ion - adsorption ability: Through uniform coating and precise cross - linking in the intelligent solution, the sodium - ion removal rate reaches 45.7% - 50.2%, which is 40% - 50% higher than that of the traditional fixed - aperture nozzle (30.5% - 33.0%), proving that atomization uniformity directly affects the ion - adsorption efficiency.

[0070] 3. Process stability: The intelligent nozzle in the examples dynamically adjusts the aperture according to viscosity (compensation ±0.1 mm), combined with spray - stirring linkage (automatically adjusts the flow rate and rotation speed when the humidity > 15%), avoiding local agglomeration and ensuring that the integrity of the gel layer on the surface of the conditioner particles ≥ 85%.

[0071] Measured table of intelligent spraying and coating uniformity Group Completely coated particles (%) Partially coated particles (%) Uncoated particles (%) Wet mass ratio (%) Example 1 85 13 2 3 Example 2 82 16 2 4 Example 3 88 10 2 2 Control Example 1 60 25 15 22 Control Example 2 55 30 5 25 Control Example 3 40 35 25 40 Table analysis: In the examples, the proportion of completely coated particles ≥ 82%, the proportion of uncoated particles ≤ 2%, and the wet - mass ratio ≤ 4%, far exceeding that in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (completely coated ≤ 60%, wet - mass ratio 22% - 25%). The dynamic adjustment of the intelligent nozzle and AI monitoring ensure uniform coating of the gel layer, avoiding local agglomeration and providing a stable micro - environment for microbial colonization and ion exchange.

[0072] In summary, the following experimental comparisons are carried out: Target plot: A moderately saline - alkali land in North China (initial pH = 9.2, salt content = 0.45%, organic matter = 0.8%).

[0073] Application method: In Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, 30 kg of the modifier was applied per mu, spread before sowing 20 days in advance and deeply plowed by 20 cm, and soil indexes were detected 30 days later.

[0074] Detection indexes: pH value, salt content, organic matter content, viable count of microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis), proportion of aggregates > 0.25 mm, and maize emergence rate.

[0075] Comparison table of experimental results Group pH value Salt content (%) Organic matter content (%) Viable count of Bacillus subtilis (CFU / g) Aggregates > 0.25mm (%) Maize emergence rate (%) Example 1 8.2 0.28 1.5 <![CDATA[1.8×10 8 > 52 72 Example 2 8.0 0.25 1.8 <![CDATA[2.2×10 8 > 48 78 Example 3 8.1 0.26 1.7 <![CDATA[2.0×10 8 > 55 75 Control Example 1 8.5 0.32 1.2 <![CDATA[1.2×10 8 > 35 65 Control Example 2 8.6 0.33 1.1 <![CDATA[1.1×10 8 > 34 63 Control Example 3 9.1 0.42 0.9 <![CDATA[3.5×10 5 > 29 58 1. Effect analysis of reasonable proportion of sodium alginate Effects on soil pH value and salt content: From the tabular data, as the amount of sodium alginate varied between 3 and 8 parts in the examples, both the soil pH value and salt content decreased significantly. In Example 2 (3 parts of sodium alginate), the pH value dropped to 8.0 and the salt content dropped to 0.25%; in Example 3 (8 parts of sodium alginate), the pH value was 8.1 and the salt content was 0.26%. In Comparative Example 1, there were only 2 parts of sodium alginate, with a pH value of 8.5 and a salt content of 0.32%. In Comparative Example 3, no sodium alginate was added, with a pH value of 9.1 and a salt content of 0.42%, close to the initial value. This indicates that a reasonable proportion of sodium alginate can effectively reduce the soil pH value and salt content, and within a certain range, as the amount of sodium alginate increases, the effect of alkali reduction and desalination shows an upward trend, but not an absolute linear relationship.

[0076] Effects on soil organic matter content and viable count of microorganisms: The organic matter content and viable count of Bacillus subtilis in the examples were significantly higher than those in the comparative examples. In Example 2, the organic matter content reached 1.8% and the viable count of Bacillus subtilis was 2.2×10 8 CFU / g; in Comparative Example 3, the organic matter content was only 0.9% and the viable count was 3.5×10 5 CFU / g. Sodium alginate provides a protective and survival environment for microorganisms, helps microorganisms decompose organic matter, and increases soil organic matter. At the same time, a reasonable proportion of sodium alginate can ensure a high survival rate of microorganisms. At a dosage of 3-8 parts, the microbial activity is relatively high, promoting the improvement of the soil ecosystem.

[0077] Effects on soil aggregates and maize emergence rate: The proportion of aggregates > 0.25 mm and the maize emergence rate in the examples were significantly higher than those in the comparative examples. In Example 3, the proportion of aggregates reached 55% and the maize emergence rate was 75%; in Comparative Example 3, the proportion of aggregates was only 29% and the maize emergence rate was 58%. The gel network formed by the cross-linking of sodium alginate and calcium ions enhanced the soil aggregate structure, improved soil aeration and water retention, created good conditions for maize growth, and increased the maize emergence rate. A reasonable proportion of sodium alginate plays a key role in enhancing soil aggregation and promoting crop growth.

[0078] 2. Effect Analysis of Intelligent Spray Coating Influence on the improvement degree of each soil index: By comparing the data of different spray coating methods in the examples and comparative examples, the examples with intelligent spray coating perform better in each soil index. Taking Comparative Example 1 as an example, although sodium alginate was also used, intelligent spray coating was not adopted, and its soil pH value, salt content, organic matter content, the proportion of aggregates > 0.25 mm, and the corn emergence rate were all inferior to those of the examples. Intelligent spray coating enables the sodium alginate-microorganism-desulfurized gypsum complex to wrap the dry powder raw materials more evenly, promoting the reaction and synergy among various components, and thus more effectively improving the physical and chemical properties and microbial environment of the soil.

[0079] Influence on the distribution and activity of microorganisms: From the index of the viable count of Bacillus subtilis, the viable count in the examples is significantly higher than that in the comparative examples. The intelligent nozzle control, spray-stirring linkage, and AI quality monitoring in the intelligent spray coating system ensure the uniform distribution of microorganisms in the conditioner, reduce the loss of microorganisms during the preparation process, and improve the survival rate and activity of microorganisms. For example, the viable count in Example 2 is 2.2×10 8 CFU / g, while in Comparative Example 2, due to the lack of intelligent monitoring, the viable count is only 1.1×10 8 CFU / g.

[0080] Influence on the performance stability of the conditioner: The intelligent spray coating system ensures the quality and performance stability of the conditioner particles through precise control of the spraying process. In the examples, the fluctuations of each index are small, indicating that the intelligent spray coating system can effectively avoid the performance differences of the conditioner caused by problems such as uneven spraying and local agglomeration. In the comparative examples, due to the lack of these intelligent controls, the fluctuations of each index are large, and the performance stability of the conditioner is poor.

[0081] The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various deformations and modifications to the above examples without departing from the technical idea of the present invention, and these deformations and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent proportioning and preparation method for a saline-alkali soil conditioner, characterized in that, The steps include: S1: Dissolve 3-8 parts of sodium alginate in warm water, stir for 30 minutes, take 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, add sodium alginate colloid to form a semi-gel pre-crosslinking liquid; Weigh 2-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, and slowly add them to the pre-crosslinking solution; S2: 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate are passed through an 80-mesh sieve and dry-mixed in a mixer at room temperature for 30 minutes at a speed of 180 rpm; S3: spraying the pre-crosslinking liquid of S1 into the mixed raw materials in the mixer; S4: The wet particles are dried and granulated to form improver particles with a sodium alginate-microorganism gel layer coated on the surface.

2. The intelligent proportioning preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein The material-water ratio of the sodium alginate to warm water is 1:

15.

3. The intelligent proportioning and preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sodium alginate and the desulfurized gypsum undergo an ion exchange reaction so that the calcium ions and the carboxyl groups of the sodium alginate are cross-linked in a molar ratio of 1:

2.

4. The intelligent proportioning preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific steps of S3 are as follows: S31: Use a nozzle to spray into the mixer. The nozzle has a built-in viscosity sensor to monitor the viscosity of the pre-cross-linking liquid in real time, and automatically adjusts the aperture and spray pressure through the PID algorithm; S32: The upper end of the inner side of the mixer cooperates with an infrared humidity sensor to monitor the humidity inside the mixer and adjust the spray flow rate and the stirring speed; S33: A hyperspectral camera is set outside the mixer to collect particle images in real time, identify the packaging status through the CNN algorithm, and adjust the spray time and angle.

5. The intelligent proportioning preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S31, when the viscosity sensor detects that the viscosity fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the aperture is automatically compensated by 0.1 mm and the pressure is adjusted by ±0.05 MPa.

6. The intelligent proportioning and preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the S32, when the infrared humidity sensor detects that the local humidity is greater than 15%, the spray flow rate is automatically reduced by 10% and the stirring speed is increased to 250 rpm.

7. The intelligent proportioning and preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that In the S33, when the uncoated particles are greater than 15%, the spraying time is automatically extended by 5 minutes and the nozzle swing angle is expanded to 90°.

8. The intelligent proportioning preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that, The nozzle is a piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture nozzle, and the piezoelectric ceramic variable aperture nozzle is controlled to rotate by a motor arranged on one side, so that the nozzle swing angle can reach 90°.

9. The intelligent proportioning preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the wet granules are dried at 60° C. to a moisture content of 8%-10%, processed into 2-4 mm granules by a disc granulator, and sieved by a vibrating screen.

10. A soil conditioner, which is prepared by the intelligent proportioning preparation method of the saline-alkali land soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-8 parts of sodium alginate, 15-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 2-5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-3 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate.

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