Water flowing fractured zone observation system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a water flowing fractured zone observation system and method, and the system comprises a drill hole which is located at the top of an underground working surface; the observation device comprises a guide pipe, a first optical cable and a second optical cable, the guide pipe, the first optical cable and the second optical cable extend to the bottom of the drill hole from the opening of the drill hole, the first optical cable and the second optical cable are attached to the outer wall of the guide pipe, the first optical cable and the second optical cable are connected at one end, facing the bottom of the drill hole, of the guide pipe, and the surface of the second optical cable is coated with a protective layer; the grouting device is used for forming a grouting layer between the sides, away from the guide pipe, of the first optical cable and the second optical cable and the inner wall of the drill hole, so that the first optical cable and the second optical cable are coupled with surrounding rocks near the drill hole to form a whole; and the data acquisition device is connected with the first optical cable and the second optical cable at the opening of the drill hole and acquires deformation data of the first optical cable and the second optical cable. The continuous observation of the parallel failure of the underground roof overlying strata is realized, and the dynamic development law of the water flowing fractured zone is determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of observation of water-conducting fissure zones in coal mines, and particularly to a water-conducting fissure zone observation system and method. Background Art

[0002] During the process of coal seam mining, the stress of the roof rock layer will be redistributed, which will cause the deformation and failure of the overlying rock, forming a water-conducting fissure zone. The height of the water-conducting fissure zone is a key parameter for leaving safety coal (rock) pillars in the outcrop area to increase the mining upper limit and predicting and evaluating roof water disasters. It is also the main water inrush channel for roof water disasters. When it develops to communicate with the overlying aquifer, mine water inrush will be triggered. Therefore, accurately observing the development law of the water-conducting fissure zone is of great significance for the safe mining of coal mines and environmental protection.

[0003] In the related art, the underground observation method of the water-conducting fissure zone is to drill an upward hole underground and use a double-end water stopper to inject water to observe the change law of the leakage volume to determine the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone. This method is simple and the drilling engineering cost is low. However, the water injection and inflation pipelines of the double-end water stopper may be bent or broken due to long-term friction with the hole wall rock during the propulsion process, resulting in the capsule being unable to effectively block the water flow, significantly reducing the accuracy of the observation results; some devices are in the drill hole, and it is difficult for the operator to judge whether a failure occurs during the observation process, which may lead to the failure of the observation. In addition, this method is to conduct the observation at a certain time after the working face is pushed and mined, and it is impossible to dynamically observe the development of the water-conducting fissure zone during the coal seam mining process; and the observation is carried out underground, which is close to the coal mining face, and the operation environment and conditions are relatively harsh. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to propose a water-conducting fissure zone observation system and method that overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems.

[0005] Based on the above purpose, in the first aspect of this application, a water-conducting fissure zone observation system is provided, including:

[0006] A drill hole, located at the top of the underground working face;

[0007] An observation device, including a conduit, a first optical cable, and a second optical cable. The conduit, the first optical cable, and the second optical cable extend from the opening of the drill hole to the bottom of the drill hole, and the first optical cable and the second optical cable are attached to the outer wall of the conduit. The first optical cable and the second optical cable are connected at one end of the conduit facing the bottom of the drill hole, and a protective layer is coated on the surface of the second optical cable;

[0008] A grouting device for forming a grouting layer between the sides of the first optical cable and the second optical cable away from the conduit and the inner wall of the borehole, so that the first optical cable and the second optical cable are coupled with the surrounding rock near the borehole to form an integral body;

[0009] A data acquisition device is respectively connected to the first optical cable and the second optical cable at the opening of the borehole to acquire the deformation data of the first optical cable and the second optical cable.

[0010] Optionally, the first optical cable and the second optical cable are fused, and the fusion joint of the first optical cable and the second optical cable is located at one end of the conduit facing the bottom of the borehole;

[0011] The first optical cable and the second optical cable are symmetrically attached to the opposite sides of the outer wall of the conduit.

[0012] Optionally, the conduit is a hollow structure, and one end of the conduit facing the bottom of the borehole is provided with a plurality of openings penetrating the conduit wall.

[0013] Optionally, the grouting device includes: a grouting pipe, a ball valve and a plugging device;

[0014] The plugging device is located at the opening of the borehole and is filled between the conduit and the inner wall of the borehole. A ball valve is provided on the plugging device, and the ball valve is connected to a grouting pipe.

[0015] Optionally, the grouting device further includes a casing, the casing is sleeved on the sides of the first optical cable and the second optical cable away from the conduit, and the casing is located at one end of the conduit facing the opening of the borehole.

[0016] Optionally, the first optical cable and the second optical cable are attached to the opposite sides of the outer wall of the conduit by cable ties, and a plurality of cable ties are arranged at intervals along the conduit towards one end of the bottom of the borehole.

[0017] Optionally, the data acquisition device is located above the well, the data acquisition device is connected to an underground substation, and underground communication optical cables are respectively connected between the underground substation and the first optical cable and the second optical cable.

[0018] Optionally, the borehole has a first included angle with the top of the working face.

[0019] In the second aspect of the present application, a method for observing water-conducting fissure zones is provided. Using the water-conducting fissure zone observation system described in the first aspect, it includes:

[0020] Using the conduit to extend the first optical cable and the second optical cable from the opening of the borehole to the bottom of the borehole;

[0021] Inject grout between the sides of the first optical cable and the second optical cable away from the conduit and the inner wall of the borehole using the grouting device until the space between the conduit and the inner wall of the borehole is filled with grout and the grout condenses to form the grouting layer, so that the first optical cable and the second optical cable are coupled with the surrounding rock near the borehole to form an integral body;

[0022] Determine the reference data of the first optical cable and the second optical cable at the moment when the grouting layer is formed;

[0023] Collect the deformation data of the first optical cable using the data acquisition device, and determine the deformation of the surrounding rock near the borehole according to the difference between the deformation data and the reference data.

[0024] Optionally, the deformation data includes first deformation data, second deformation data, and third deformation data;

[0025] The method further includes:

[0026] In response to the fracture of the first optical cable, use the data acquisition device to collect the first deformation data of the first optical cable from the opening of the borehole to the fracture point through the first optical cable, and determine the deformation of the surrounding rock near the fracture point from the opening of the borehole to the fracture point using the difference between the first deformation data and the reference data of the first optical cable;

[0027] Use the data acquisition device to collect the second deformation data of the first optical cable from the bottom of the borehole to the fracture point through the second optical cable, and determine the deformation of the surrounding rock near the fracture point from the bottom of the borehole to the fracture point using the difference between the second deformation data and the reference data of the first optical cable;

[0028] Use the data acquisition device to collect the third deformation data of the second optical cable from the bottom of the borehole to the opening of the borehole through the second optical cable, and determine the deformation of the surrounding rock near the opening of the borehole from the bottom of the borehole to the opening of the borehole using the difference between the third deformation data and the reference data of the second optical cable.

[0029] As can be seen from the above, for the water-conducting fissure zone observation system and method provided in this application, first, a grouting layer is formed by the grouting device so that the first optical cable and the second optical cable are coupled with the surrounding rock near the borehole to form an integral body. Since the optical cable strain is the deformation amount per unit length, when a large number of tiny cracks are generated inside due to rock layer rupture, the deformation amounts of the first optical cable and the second optical cable can be used to continuously observe the deformation and failure of the overlying strata of the coal seam roof, thereby determining the dynamic development law of the water-conducting fissure zone.

[0030] At the same time, the second optical cable with a protective layer on its surface is used as the loop of the first optical cable. If the first optical cable breaks due to large deformation of the rock formation, the deformation data of the first optical cable from the bottom of the borehole to the fracture can be continuously observed using the second optical cable. Similarly, the deformation data of the first optical cable from the opening of the borehole to the fracture can be continuously observed using the first optical cable. At the same time, in the case of the breakage of the first optical cable, the deformation data from the opening of the borehole to the bottom of the borehole can be observed using the second optical cable as an auxiliary, so as to determine the deformation of the overlying rock of the coal seam roof and ensure effective observation.

[0031] An opening is provided at one end of the conduit facing the bottom of the borehole to ensure the release of the internal pressure of the borehole during the grouting process and avoid insufficient grouting inside the borehole. By providing a casing on one side of the light guide facing the opening of the borehole, it is ensured that during the grouting process, the first optical cable and the second optical cable at the opening of the borehole are intact, and the first optical cable and the second optical cable are prevented from being pulled or damaged due to large deformation of the surrounding rock within the caving zone at the opening of the borehole. By arranging the data acquisition device on the ground and connecting it to the first optical cable and the second optical cable through an underground communication optical cable, the analysis of the deformation and damage of the overlying rock of the coal seam roof can be realized by the acquisition personnel on the ground without going down the well.

[0032] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to be able to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the content of the specification. And in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention are hereinafter specifically exemplified. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or related technologies, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technology descriptions. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic plan view of the layout of the water-conducting fissure zone observation system according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first optical cable and the second optical cable according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the casing according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a method for observing the water-conducting fissure zone according to the embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of another method for observing the water-conducting fissure zone according to the embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer and more understandable, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0040] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should have the ordinary meanings understood by those with ordinary skills in the field to which the present application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in the embodiments of the present application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are only used to represent relative position relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0041] In order to solve the problems of great difficulty in observing the water-conducting fissure zone underground and low data accuracy, the present application proposes a water-conducting fissure zone observation system and method. By arranging them in sequence underground, the change process of the water-conducting fissure zone can be continuously and dynamically observed, the accuracy can be improved, and the observation difficulty can be reduced at the same time.

[0042] In the first aspect of the present application, referring to Figures 1 to 3 as shown, a water-conducting fissure zone observation system is provided, including:

[0043] A borehole 2, located at the top of the underground working face 1; an observation device, including a conduit 11, a first optical cable 12 and a second optical cable 13. The conduit 11, the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 extend from the opening of the borehole 2 to the bottom of the borehole 2, and the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are attached to the outer wall of the conduit 11. The first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are connected at one end of the conduit 11 facing the bottom of the borehole 2, and a protective layer is coated on the surface of the second optical cable 13; a grouting device (not shown in the figure), used to form a grouting layer 21 between the sides of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 away from the conduit 11 and the inner wall of the borehole 2, so that the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are coupled with the surrounding rock near the borehole 2 to form an integral body; a data acquisition device 3, which is respectively connected to the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 at the opening of the borehole 2, and acquires the deformation data of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13.

[0044] As described in the above background art, in the related art, a double - end water - blocking device is used to inject water and observe the change law of the leakage volume to judge the development height of the water - conducting fissure zone. However, during the propulsion process, the injection and rising pipes may rub against the inner - wall rock of the borehole 2 for a long time, which may cause the pipes to bend or break, resulting in the capsule being unable to effectively block the water flow, thus reducing the accuracy of the observation results. That is to say, the double - end water - blocking device cannot effectively use the change law of the water - injection leakage volume to judge the development height of the water - conducting fissure zone.

[0045] In order to improve the accuracy of observing the development height of the water - conducting fissure zone, first, it is necessary to reduce the friction between the observation device and the inner wall of the borehole 2. At the same time, a good data - transmission function is required. The inventor's research found that the strain of the optical cable is the deformation amount per unit length, that is, the deformation data per unit length is a certain value, and the corresponding strain is also fixed. When a large number of tiny cracks are generated inside due to the rock formation rupture, the optical cable is stretched by the cracks and deforms, and the deformation is proportional to the size of the cracks. In addition, the optical cable has good data - transmission performance and can effectively transmit the deformation data at different positions. At the same time, in order to observe the dynamic development of the water - conducting fissure zone, it is necessary for the optical cable to effectively extend from the opening of the borehole 2 to the bottom of the borehole 2 while reducing the friction with the inner wall of the borehole 2. By using the hardness of the conduit 11, it can not only support the optical cable but also enable the optical cable to extend from the opening of the borehole 2 to the bottom of the borehole 2.

[0046] Furthermore, the effective observation of the water - conducting fissure zone lies in being able to dynamically observe the development height of the water - conducting fissure zone, that is, the deformation and failure of the relevant rock formations. In order to determine the damage situation of the rock formations, it is necessary to form an integral body of the optical cable and the surrounding rock near the borehole 2. In the embodiment of the present application, a grouting device is used to couple the optical cable and the surrounding rock near the borehole 2 to form an integral body. When cracks are generated due to the rock formation rupture, the optical cable is stretched accordingly with the size of the generated cracks and deforms.

[0047] Specifically, after grouting between the side of the optical cable far from the conduit 11 and the inner wall of the borehole 2, the grout is condensed. Optionally, the condensation time can be 7 days to form a grouting layer 21.

[0048] In some embodiments, the deformation of the optical cable at the moment when the grouting layer 21 is formed is used as the reference data.

[0049] Furthermore, during the development of the water-conducting fissure zone, the sizes of the cracks generated by the rock layer rupture are different. If the sizes of the generated cracks are too large, the corresponding deformation amount generated by the stretching of the optical cable will be too large, which may cause the optical cable to break. After the optical cable breaks, it will also lead to the inability to continue effectively observing the development process of the water-conducting fissure zone. In the embodiment of the present application, in order to avoid the situation where the development of the water-conducting fissure zone cannot be effectively observed caused by the above situation, two optical cables are provided, namely the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13. A protective layer is coated on the surface of the second optical cable 13 to enhance the tensile strength of the second optical cable 13. Further, the second optical cable 13 is used as the loop of the first optical cable 12. That is, when the first optical cable 12 does not break, the deformation data of the first optical cable 12 is directly collected by the data acquisition device 3 to obtain the deformation and failure laws of the roof overlying strata, and the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone is deduced. Since the second optical cable 13 has a high tensile strength, the strain sensitivity thereof corresponding to the cracks is relatively small. The deformation data of the second optical cable 13 collected by the data acquisition device 3 can be used as the reference data or auxiliary data of the deformation data of the first optical cable 12. When the first optical cable 12 breaks, the deformation data (the first deformation data) of the first optical cable 12 from the opening of the borehole 2 to the break is collected by the data acquisition device 3, and the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone in the interval from the opening of the borehole 2 to the break can still be observed. By using the second optical cable 13 connected to the first optical cable 12, the second optical cable 13 is used as the loop in the interval from the break of the first optical cable 12 to the bottom of the borehole 2, and the data acquisition device 3 collects the deformation data (the second deformation data) in this interval, so as to continue observing the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone in the interval from the bottom of the borehole 2 to the break. For the break of the first optical cable 12, due to the large crack causing the break of the first optical cable 12, the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone can be continuously observed through the deformation data (the third deformation data) of the second optical cable 13, and the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone corresponding to the break of the first optical cable 12 can also be continuously observed.

[0050] Through the water-conducting fissure zone observation system of the embodiment of the present application, the continuous observation of the deformation and failure of the roof overlying strata of the coal seam can be realized by using the deformation amounts of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13, so as to determine the dynamic development law of the water-conducting fissure zone, avoid the reduction of the accuracy of the observation result caused by the friction between the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 and the inner wall of the borehole 2, and use the grouting layer 21 to couple the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 with the surrounding rock near the borehole 2 into a whole, accurately feedback the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock near the borehole 2, and determine the development law of the water-conducting fissure zone.

[0051] Meanwhile, the second optical cable 13 with a protective layer on its surface is used as the loop of the first optical cable 12. If the first optical cable 12 breaks due to large deformation of the rock stratum, the second optical cable 13 can be used to continuously observe the deformation data (the second deformation data) of the first optical cable 12 from the bottom of the borehole 2 to the fracture. Similarly, the first optical cable 12 can be used to continuously observe the deformation data (the first deformation data) from the opening of the borehole 2 to the fracture. Further, the deformation data (the third deformation data) of the second optical cable 13 is used to continuously observe the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone at the fracture of the first optical cable 12, so as to determine the deformation of the overlying strata of the coal seam roof and ensure effective observation.

[0052] In some exemplary embodiments, the data acquisition device 3 can be a demodulator.

[0053] In some exemplary embodiments, the first optical cable 12 can be a high-density fixed-point optical cable, and the second optical cable 13 can be a metal-based cable-shaped optical cable.

[0054] In some alternative embodiments, the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are connected at one end of the conduit 11 facing the bottom of the borehole 2, and it is checked whether the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are conductive.

[0055] In some alternative embodiments, the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are extended from the opening of the borehole 2 to the bottom of the borehole 2 through the conduit 11, and it is checked whether the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are conductive.

[0056] In some alternative embodiments, after the grouting layer 21 is formed, it is checked whether the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are conductive.

[0057] In some embodiments, the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are fused, and the fusion joint 14 of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 is located at one end of the conduit 11 facing the bottom of the borehole 2. The first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are symmetrically attached to opposite sides of the outer wall of the conduit 11.

[0058] By symmetrically attaching the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 to opposite sides of the outer wall of the conduit 11, interference between the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 is avoided, so that the deformation of the surrounding rock around the borehole 2 cannot produce corresponding deformation effectively, and thus the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone cannot be calculated. Further, the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are connected by fusion to ensure the effectiveness of the connection between the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13. The fusion joint 14 is located at one end of the conduit 11 facing the bottom of the borehole 2, ensuring that both the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 can extend from the opening of the borehole 2 to the bottom of the borehole 2. The deformation data of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are effectively used to obtain the deformation and failure laws of the surrounding rock from the opening of the borehole 2 to the bottom of the borehole 2, and the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone is calculated.

[0059] In some embodiments, the catheter 11 is a hollow structure, and a plurality of openings 15 penetrating the wall of the catheter 11 are provided at one end of the catheter 11 facing the bottom of the borehole 2.

[0060] During the process of grouting into the borehole 2 by using the grouting device, grouting is carried out from the opening of the borehole 2. During the process of the grout flowing towards the bottom of the borehole 2, the air inside the borehole 2 will be compressed, and the compressed air will block the grout from flowing towards the bottom of the borehole 2, resulting in the grout being unable to effectively fill the borehole 2, and the formed grouting layer 21 also being unable to effectively couple the first optical cable 12, the second optical cable 13 and the surrounding rock of the borehole 2 to form an integral body. By using the openings 15 of the catheter 11, during the grouting process, the pressure inside the borehole 2 is released through the openings 15, that is, the air inside the borehole 2 overflows to the hollow part of the catheter 11 through the openings 15, so that the grout can reach the bottom of the borehole 2 from the opening of the borehole 2, ensuring the integrity of the grouting layer 21 and the surrounding rock near the borehole 2.

[0061] In some embodiments, during the grouting process, grouting is carried out into the borehole 2 from the opening of the borehole 2 until the grout returns from the hollow part of the catheter 11, and then the grouting is stopped.

[0062] It can be understood that after the grout reaches the bottom of the borehole 2, it will flow into the hollow part of the catheter 11 through the openings 15 and flow out. It can be determined that the grout reaches the bottom of the borehole 2, and then the grouting is stopped.

[0063] In some embodiments, the grouting device includes: a grouting pipe, a ball valve and a plugging device; the plugging device is located at the opening of the borehole 2 and is filled between the catheter 11 and the inner wall of the borehole 2. A ball valve is provided on the plugging device, and the ball valve is connected to the grouting pipe.

[0064] The plugging device is used to fill between the catheter 11 and the inner wall of the borehole 2 to prevent the grout from returning from the opening of the borehole 2 during the process of grouting from the opening of the borehole 2 to the bottom of the borehole 2, so that effective grouting cannot be carried out. The opening and closing of the grouting pipe are controlled by the opening and closing of the ball valve. When the ball valve is opened, the grouting pipe grouts into the borehole 2. When the ball valve is closed, the grouting pipe stops grouting.

[0065] In some alternative embodiments, the plugging device can be elastic. In the case where the inner wall of the borehole 2 is not completely flat, the elasticity of the plugging device is used to effectively fill between the catheter 11 and the inner wall of the borehole 2, and at the same time prevent the grout from returning from the filling part.

[0066] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 3 As shown, the grouting device further includes a casing 31. The casing 31 is sleeved on the side of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 away from the catheter 11, and the casing 31 is located at one end of the catheter 11 facing the opening of the borehole 2.

[0067] Since the opening of the borehole 2 is close to the underground working face 1, correspondingly, the surrounding rock at the opening of the borehole 2 forms a caving zone, which is prone to deformation and shedding. During the deformation process of the caving zone, the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 at the position corresponding to the caving zone are fractured due to the deformation of the caving zone or damaged due to the shedding of the caving zone. To prevent the damage of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 at the opening of the borehole 2, a conduit 11 is sleeved on the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 in the light guiding direction towards the opening of the borehole 2, and the sleeve 31 is used to effectively protect the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 at the opening of the borehole 2.

[0068] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the sleeve 31 corresponds to the height of the caving zone.

[0069] In some embodiments, the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are attached to opposite sides of the outer wall of the conduit 11 by tie straps 16, and a plurality of tie straps 16 are provided at intervals along the light guiding direction towards one end of the borehole 2.

[0070] The first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are fixed on the outer wall of the conduit 11 through the tie straps 16, and at the same time, the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are attached to the outer wall of the conduit 11, which facilitates the extension of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 from the opening of the borehole 2 to the bottom of the borehole 2.

[0071] In some embodiments, the data acquisition device 3 is located above the well, the data acquisition device 3 is connected to the underground substation 32, and an underground communication optical cable 33 is connected between the underground substation 32 and the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 respectively.

[0072] By arranging the data acquisition device 3 above the well and using the underground substation 32 as a transfer station for transmitting the deformation data of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13, the acquisition personnel can use the data acquisition device 3 above the well to complete the continuous winter observation of the deformation and damage of the roof overlying strata of the coal seam mining device, so as to judge the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone, without repeatedly going down the well to collect the corresponding deformation data.

[0073] In some alternative embodiments, before the working face 1 is mined to the position of the borehole 2, observations are made at a frequency of once every two days to determine the deformation data of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13. When the working face 1 is mined near the position of the borehole 2, observations are made at a frequency of once a day until the data does not change or data cannot be collected, so as to analyze according to the dynamic change characteristics of the deformation data and judge the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone in combination with the lithology and combination of the borehole 2.

[0074] In the second aspect of the present application, referring to Figure 4 As shown, a method for observing the water-conducting fissure zone is provided. Using the water-conducting fissure zone observation system provided in any embodiment of the first aspect, the method includes:

[0075] S401. Use the conduit 11 to extend the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 from the opening of the borehole 2 to the bottom of the borehole 2.

[0076] Utilize the hardness of the conduit 11 to not only support the optical cables but also enable the optical cables to extend from the opening of the borehole 2 to the bottom of the borehole 2. During this process, the friction between the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 and the inner wall of the borehole 2 is reduced, avoiding the damage of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 due to friction, which may lead to a decrease in the observation accuracy.

[0077] S402. Use the grouting device to grout between the sides of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 away from the conduit 11 and the inner wall of the borehole 2 until the space between the conduit 11 and the inner wall of the borehole 2 is filled with grout and the grout condenses, forming a grouting layer 21, so that the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 are coupled with the surrounding rock near the borehole 2 to form an integral body.

[0078] Use the grouting device to couple the optical cables with the surrounding rock near the borehole 2 to form an integral body. When cracks are generated due to rock formation rupture, the optical cables are stretched accordingly according to the size of the generated cracks and deform.

[0079] Specifically, use the plugging device to fill the space between the conduit 11 and the inner wall of the borehole 2 to prevent the grout from flowing back out of the opening of the borehole 2 during the process of grouting from the opening of the borehole 2 to the bottom of the borehole 2, thus making it impossible to effectively grout. Control the opening and closing of the grouting pipe by the opening and closing of the ball valve. When the ball valve is opened, the grouting pipe grouts into the borehole 2. When the ball valve is closed, the grouting pipe stops grouting.

[0080] Utilize the openings 15 of the conduit 11 to release the internal pressure of the borehole 2 during the grouting process, that is, the air inside the borehole 2 overflows to the hollow part of the conduit 11 through the openings 15, so that the grout can reach the bottom of the borehole 2 from the opening of the borehole 2, ensuring the integrity of the grouting layer 21 and the surrounding rock near the borehole 2.

[0081] S403. Determine the deformation of the first optical cable 12 and the second optical cable 13 at the moment when the grouting layer 21 is formed as the reference data.

[0082] It can be understood that at the moment when the grouting layer 21 is formed, it can be considered that the surrounding rock near the borehole 2 has not undergone obvious deformation at this time, or the deformation of the surrounding rock at a certain height near the borehole 2 at this time is used as the initial deformation.

[0083] S404. Use the data acquisition device 3 to collect the deformation data of the first optical cable 12, and determine the deformation of the surrounding rock near the borehole 2 according to the difference between the deformation data and the reference data.

[0084] The strain of the optical cable is the deformation amount per unit length, that is, the deformation data per unit length. Then the corresponding strain is also fixed. When a large number of tiny cracks are generated inside the rock formation due to rupture, the optical cable is stretched by the cracks and deforms, and the deformation is proportional to the size of the cracks.

[0085] When the first optical cable 12 is not broken, the deformation data of the first optical cable 12 is collected by the data acquisition device 3 to obtain the deformation and failure law of the roof overlying strata, and the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone is deduced. Since the second optical cable 13 has a high tensile strength, its strain sensitivity to cracks is correspondingly small. The deformation data of the second optical cable 13 can be used as reference data or auxiliary data for the deformation data of the first optical cable 12.

[0086] In some embodiments, the deformation data includes first deformation data, second deformation data, and third deformation data;

[0087] Reference Figure 5 As shown, the method further includes:

[0088] S501. In response to the breakage of the first optical cable 12, the data acquisition device 3 is used to collect the first deformation data of the first optical cable 12 from the opening of the borehole 2 to the breakage point through the first optical cable 12, and the deformation of the surrounding rock near the opening of the borehole 2 to the breakage point is determined by using the difference between the first deformation data and the reference data of the first optical cable 12.

[0089] In this step, when the first optical cable 12 is not broken, the deformation data of the first optical cable 12 is collected by the data acquisition device 3 to obtain the deformation and failure law of the roof overlying strata, and the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone is deduced. Since the second optical cable 13 has a high tensile strength, its strain sensitivity to cracks is correspondingly small. The deformation data of the second optical cable 13 can be used as reference data or auxiliary data for the deformation data of the first optical cable 12. When the first optical cable 12 is broken, the deformation data (first deformation data) of the first optical cable 12 from the opening of the borehole 2 to the breakage point is collected by the data acquisition device 3, and the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone in the interval from the opening of the borehole 2 to the breakage point can still be observed.

[0090] S502. The data acquisition device 3 is used to collect the second deformation data of the first optical cable 12 from the bottom of the borehole 2 to the breakage point through the second optical cable 13, and the deformation of the surrounding rock near the bottom of the borehole 2 to the breakage point is determined by using the difference between the second deformation data and the reference data of the first optical cable 12.

[0091] In this step, the second optical cable 13 connected to the first optical cable 12 is used. Through the second optical cable 13 as a loop in the section from the break of the first optical cable 12 to the bottom of the borehole 2, the data acquisition device 3 acquires the deformation data (second deformation data) in this section, so as to continue to observe the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone in the section from the bottom of the borehole 2 to the break.

[0092] S503. The data acquisition device 3 is used to acquire the third deformation data of the second optical cable 13 from the bottom of the borehole to the opening through the second optical cable 13, and the deformation of the surrounding rock near the bottom of the borehole 2 to the opening is determined by using the difference between the third deformation data and the reference data of the second optical cable 13.

[0093] In this step, regarding the break of the first optical cable 12 caused by a large crack, the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone is continuously observed through the deformation data (third deformation data) of the second optical cable 13, and the development height of the water-conducting fissure zone corresponding to the break of the first optical cable 12 can also be continuously observed.

[0094] Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the discussion of any of the above embodiments is only exemplary, and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present application (including the claims) is limited to these examples; under the idea of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations in different aspects of the embodiments of the present application as described above, and they are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0095] In addition, for simplicity of explanation and discussion, and in order not to make the embodiments of the present application difficult to understand, the well-known power / ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. In addition, the devices may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid making the embodiments of the present application difficult to understand, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of the implementation of these block diagram devices are highly dependent on the platform on which the embodiments of the present application are to be implemented (i.e., these details should be completely within the understanding of those skilled in the art). In the case where specific details (such as circuits) are set forth to describe the exemplary embodiments of the present application, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented without these specific details or with variations of these specific details. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0096] Although the present application has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, many alternatives, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may be used with the embodiments discussed.

[0097] Embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the embodiments of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A water-conducting fracture zone observation system, characterized in that: include: Borehole, located at the top of the working surface underground; An observation device, comprising a conduit, a first optical cable and a second optical cable, wherein the conduit, the first optical cable and the second optical cable extend from the opening of the borehole to the bottom of the borehole, and the first optical cable and the second optical cable are attached to the outer wall of the conduit, and the first optical cable and the second optical cable are connected at one end of the conduit facing the bottom of the borehole, wherein the surface of the second optical cable is covered with a protective layer; A grouting device, used for forming a grouting layer between the first optical cable and the second optical cable on the side away from the guide tube and the inner wall of the borehole, so that the first optical cable and the second optical cable are coupled with the surrounding rock near the borehole to form a whole; The data acquisition device is respectively connected to the first optical cable and the second optical cable located at the opening of the borehole to acquire deformation data of the first optical cable and the second optical cable.

2. The water-conducting fracture zone observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first optical cable and the second optical cable are fused, and the fusion point of the first optical cable and the second optical cable is located at one end of the conduit facing the bottom of the borehole; The first optical cable and the second optical cable are symmetrically attached to opposite sides of the outer wall of the conduit.

3. The water-conducting fracture zone observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conduit is a hollow structure, and one end of the conduit facing the bottom of the borehole is provided with a plurality of openings penetrating the conduit wall.

4. The water-conducting fracture zone observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grouting device comprises: a grouting pipe, a ball valve and a plugging device; The plugging device is located at the opening of the borehole and is filled between the conduit and the inner wall of the borehole. A ball valve is provided on the plugging device, and the ball valve is connected to a grouting pipe.

5. The water-conducting fracture zone observation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The grouting device further comprises a sleeve, which is sleeved on a side of the first optical cable and the second optical cable away from the conduit, and the sleeve is located at an end of the conduit facing the opening of the borehole.

6. The water-conducting fracture zone observation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first optical cable and the second optical cable are attached to opposite sides of the outer wall of the conduit through cable ties, and a plurality of cable ties are arranged at intervals along the conduit toward one end of the bottom of the borehole.

7. The water-conducting fracture zone observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition device is located above the well and is connected to an underground substation. An underground communication optical cable is connected between the underground substation and the first optical cable and the second optical cable.

8. The water-conducting fracture zone observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bore hole and the top of the working surface have a first angle.

9. A method for observing a water-conducting fracture zone, characterized in that: The water-conducting fracture zone observation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises: Extending the first optical cable and the second optical cable from the opening of the borehole to the bottom of the borehole using the conduit; Using the grouting device to inject grout between the inner wall of the borehole and the side of the first optical cable and the second optical cable away from the conduit, until the space between the conduit and the inner wall of the borehole is filled and the grouting is condensed to form the grouting layer, so that the first optical cable and the second optical cable are coupled with the surrounding rock near the borehole to form a whole; Determining reference data of the first optical cable and the second optical cable at the time when the grouting layer is formed; The deformation data of the first optical cable is collected by using a data collection device, and the deformation of the surrounding rock near the borehole is determined according to the difference between the deformation data and the reference data.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The deformation data includes first deformation data, second deformation data and third deformation data; The method further comprises: In response to the first optical cable being broken, using the data acquisition device to collect first deformation data of the first optical cable from the opening of the borehole to the fracture through the first optical cable, and using the difference between the first deformation data and the reference data of the first optical cable to determine the deformation of the surrounding rock from the opening of the borehole to the fracture; Using the data acquisition device to collect second deformation data of the first optical cable from the bottom of the borehole to the fracture through the second optical cable, and using the difference between the second deformation data and the reference data of the first optical cable to determine the deformation of the surrounding rock from the bottom of the borehole to the fracture; The data acquisition device is used to collect third deformation data of the second optical cable from the bottom of the borehole to the opening through the second optical cable, and the difference between the third deformation data and the reference data of the second optical cable is used to determine the deformation of the surrounding rock from the bottom of the borehole to the opening.

Images