Dome transparent radiation refrigeration device and installation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy-saving refrigeration, in particular to a dome transparent radiation refrigeration device which comprises a roof. The flexible substrate layer covers the roof; the continuous transparent conductive layer covers the flexible substrate layer; the composite function layer is arranged on the continuous transparent conductive layer and composed of an infrared absorption layer and an infrared reflection layer, and the composite function layer is composed of a plurality of discs with the diameters sequentially increased from top to bottom; the composite functional layer comprises a plurality of triangular prism-like grating asymmetric units formed through texturing; and the transparent protective layer is attached to the surface of the composite functional layer. The invention has the beneficial effects that the ITO material with high visible light transmittance and high infrared reflectivity is used as the continuous transparent conductive layer, so that the solar radiation heat is effectively controlled. Therefore, good daylighting conditions in the building are guaranteed, unnecessary heat absorption is effectively reduced, and energy efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy-saving refrigeration, and in particular to a dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device and an installation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Thermal radiation is a physical phenomenon that exists ubiquitously in nature, originating from the energy release of particles and quasiparticles inside an object due to thermal motion. Any object with a temperature above absolute zero will emit thermal radiation energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. Thermal radiation, due to the thermal motion of charged particles inside the object, appears as incoherent light with a continuous wavelength, non-polarized, and omnidirectional scattering, and follows Planck's blackbody radiation law. To meet the needs of life and industry, it is often necessary to regulate thermal radiation.

[0003] Radiative cooling is an innovative and environmentally friendly cooling method. Its basic principle lies in utilizing the inherent thermal radiation characteristics of an object to transfer heat from the object by emitting infrared radiation towards cold space (usually the cosmic space, whose equivalent temperature is about 3K), thereby achieving a cooling effect without external energy input and reducing the object's temperature to even lower than the surrounding environment temperature. This process mainly relies on the optimization of the radiation characteristics of the object surface, usually achieved by designing radiative cooling materials with specific emission spectra. These materials can efficiently emit radiation within the atmospheric transparent window (i.e., the wavelength band where the atmosphere has weak absorption of infrared radiation), thereby maximizing the heat transfer efficiency to the outside world. The unique advantage of radiative cooling technology lies in its zero-emission characteristic, that is, no traditional energy is consumed and no greenhouse gases or other pollutants are generated during the entire cooling process, which is of great significance for alleviating global warming and promoting green and sustainable development. Therefore, in recent years, radiative cooling technology has been a research hotspot in multiple fields such as materials science, energy engineering, and environmental science. With the continuous progress of materials science and nanotechnology, the performance of radiative cooling materials has been significantly improved, and its application prospects have become increasingly broad.

[0004] In radiative cooling, it is desired that the object has a high emissivity in the infrared wide band for efficient heat dissipation. However, in practical applications, the thermal radiator often releases too much energy in non-target directions, reducing efficiency and causing waste. Therefore, it is crucial to direct the thermal radiation energy to a specific direction, which can reduce waste and improve the performance of thermal radiation technology.

[0005] The most widely used radiation cooler at present is a reflective structure, that is, it uses mid-infrared high-emission materials as the absorption layer to radiate mid-infrared waves into the atmosphere, while the reflective layer is made of metals with high mid-infrared reflection such as Ag to reflect large-angle mid-infrared waves from the ground. However, metals such as Ag have a "mirror" appearance due to their own properties. In practical applications, due to mirror reflection, a large area of ​​light pollution will be caused, thus bringing various hazards. In addition, many existing studies have prepared structures based on vertical surfaces. These structures contain multiple asymmetric units, each of which consists of a radiation surface and a reflection surface, which can be used for cooling the side walls of buildings or in the horizontal direction. However, there are many non-planar buildings in actual scenes, such as European churches, some stadiums, caissons, etc., all of which use dome structures. The dome is usually arched or covered. In this case, the flat structure is difficult to meet the application requirements. Summary of the invention

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: mainly solving the problems of adaptability to the dome and light pollution caused by the metal reflective surface.

[0007] The above technical problems are solved by the following technical solutions: The present invention proposes a dome transparent radiation cooling device, which includes a top cover; a flexible substrate layer covering the top cover; a continuous transparent conductive layer covering the flexible substrate layer; a composite functional layer arranged on the continuous transparent conductive layer, consisting of an infrared absorption layer and an infrared reflection layer, wherein: the composite functional layer includes a plurality of triangular prism-like asymmetric units formed by texturing; and a transparent protective layer adhered to the surface of the composite functional layer.

[0008] The radius of the bottom surface of the flexible substrate layer r should be >2m. The cold device is a rotating body formed by rotating 360° with the central axis of the dome as the rotation axis. The flexible substrate layer and the top outer cover are detachable and can be disassembled and assembled at any time.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the dome transparent radiation cooling device of the present invention: the three-zone division of the incident angle is achieved by geometric optical calculation, wherein: the angle α(k) between the horizontal direction and the normal of the reflecting surface; the angle β between the reflecting surface and the tangent at the intersection of the arc; the critical angle γ(k); the layer sequence number k; the layer height; the total number of layers n; the incident angle θ; when θ>α(k), the incident angle is in the reflection zone, and the asymmetric unit has a complete reflection effect on the incident angle; when γ(k)<θ<α(k), the incident angle is in the transition zone, and the asymmetric unit has a partial absorption and partial reflection effect on the incident angle; when θ<γ(k), the incident angle is in the absorption zone, and the asymmetric unit has a nearly complete absorption effect on the incident angle.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device of the present invention: when the total number of layers n is greater than 200, the positive and negative of the angle α(k) between the horizontal direction and the normal of the reflective surface and the critical angle γ(k) near the top layer will inevitably change, from a positive angle to a negative angle, thereby redirecting the original reflection path towards the ground to the sky direction, but the change in the reflection path does not affect the radiative cooling effect of the device.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device of the present invention: the asymmetric unit has different effects on mid-infrared electromagnetic waves at different incident angles. Through geometric optical calculations, it is proved that the angle β between the tangent at the intersection of the reflective surface and the circular arc, the critical angle γ(k), the layer number k, and the layer height h k 、the total number of layers n satisfy the following relationship:

[0012]

[0013] And the angle α(k) between the horizontal direction and the normal of the reflective surface satisfies a similar relationship as above.

[0014] As the layer number k of the device increases, the angle α(k) between the horizontal direction and the normal of the reflective surface and the critical angle γ(k) change, such that as the layer number k of the device increases, the angle decreases; ensuring that the maximum value of the angle appears at the bottom layer, thereby achieving precise control of the angle by adjusting the number of layers n and the angle β between the tangent at the intersection of the reflective surface and the circular arc.

[0015] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides the following technical solution: an installation method of a dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device, including a dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device, and,

[0016] a plurality of structural components, and the plurality of structural components are arranged and assembled in a pre-determined manner to achieve reflection or absorption of mid-infrared electromagnetic waves.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the installation method of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device of the present invention: the structural component includes m identical sector structural units, and the m sector structural units are arranged in a circular array, and the central angle of each sector structural unit is 360° / m (m≥4), and the β angle range of each step is 50°≤β≤80°.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the installation method of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device of the present invention: the structural component includes a plurality of annular structural units, and the annular structural units are evenly divided into ξ angular intervals in the range of 0° to 90°, and the span of each interval is 90° / ξ (ξ≥2).

[0019] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides the following technical solutions: A method for manufacturing an asymmetric unit of a dome transparent radiative cooling device, including a dome transparent radiative cooling device, and,

[0020] When preparing a triangular prism-like asymmetric unit attached to a spherical sector structure, it can be prepared on a planar sector through approximate geometric calculations, avoiding the preparation of triangular prism-like asymmetric units on the spherical surface;

[0021] Among them; the bottom radius of the dome transparent radiative cooling device is r; the arc length D corresponding to a single triangular prism-like asymmetric unit is D=(90° / n)r; the thickness of the triangular prism-like asymmetric unit is 1-2 mm

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By using ITO material with high visible light transmittance and high infrared reflectivity as the continuous transparent conductive layer, effective control of solar radiation heat is achieved. This not only ensures good lighting conditions inside the building, but also effectively reduces unnecessary heat absorption and improves energy efficiency.

[0023] Introducing multi-layer structures such as a flexible substrate layer, a composite functional layer, and a transparent protective layer, and using high-performance flexible materials such as polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE), the dome transparent radiative cooling device has excellent flexibility and adaptability, can fit complex curved surfaces, especially non-planar building surfaces, greatly expanding the application range.

[0024] The asymmetric unit designed based on the geometric optical principle can dynamically adjust its function (total reflection, partial absorption / reflection, or near total absorption) according to the incident angle of electromagnetic waves, and achieve efficient reflection of the sky by adjusting the direction of the reflection path. This intelligent regulation mechanism enhances the functional diversity and practicality of the device.

[0025] The outermost transparent protective layer is prepared from polyethylene (PE), has good ultraviolet absorption and free radical quenching capabilities, effectively resists photo-oxidative aging, and ensures long-term stable performance.

[0026] Utilizing the characteristics of the ITO thin film and its ability to change wavelength selectivity by doping elements, the device can achieve selective reflection or absorption of infrared radiation in a specific band while maintaining high visible light transmittance, thereby optimizing energy management and cooling effect.

[0027] Due to the structure combining a flexible material system with a rigid substrate, the installation is more flexible and convenient, can quickly adapt to building surfaces of different shapes and sizes, without complex customization processing, reducing the construction difficulty and cost. Description of the Drawings

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Among them:

[0029] Figure 1 Shows an overall three-dimensional view of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device;

[0030] Figure 2 Shows an overall three-dimensional sectional view of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device;

[0031] Figure 3 Shows an overall horizontal sectional view of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device;

[0032] Figure 4 Shows a horizontal sectional view of the separation of the flexible substrate layer and the top outer cover of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device;

[0033] Figure 5 Shows a schematic diagram of the angular change of the upper layer of the composite functional layer of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device;

[0034] Figure 6 Shows a schematic diagram of the angular change of the lower layer of the composite functional layer of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device.

[0035] Figure 7 Shows a schematic diagram of the angular change of the device of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device.

[0036] Figure 8 Shows a schematic diagram of the simulation process of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device.

[0037] Figure 9 Shows a schematic diagram of the absorption rate of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device at different incident angles of incidence.

[0038] Figure 10 Shows a schematic diagram of the fan-shaped structural unit of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device.

[0039] Figure 11 Shows a schematic diagram of the annular structural unit of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device.

[0040] Figure 12 Shows a schematic diagram of the triangular prism-like asymmetric unit of the dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device. Detailed implementation manners

[0041] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the detailed implementation manners and the accompanying drawings.

[0042] The terms used in the present invention are those general terms that are currently widely used in the art in consideration of the functions of the present invention. However, these terms may vary according to the intention of those of ordinary skill in the art, precedents, or new technologies in the art. In addition, specific terms may be selected by the applicant, and in such cases, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of the present invention. Therefore, the terms used in the specification should not be understood as simple names, but based on the meanings of the terms and the overall description of the present invention.

[0043] Referring to Figures 1-4 , this embodiment provides a dome-shaped transparent radiative cooling device, including a top outer cover 06; the top outer cover has an arc-shaped outer contour. A flexible substrate layer 05 covers the top outer cover 06, and its material is polystyrene (PS) plastic film; a continuous transparent conductive layer 04, whose material is indium tin oxide (ITO), has a transmittance of 85%-95% in the visible light band (400-700 nm) of the structure, and its reflectance is higher than 80% in the mid-infrared band; a composite functional layer, which consists of an infrared absorption layer 01 and an infrared reflection layer 03, wherein: the composite functional layer includes a plurality of asymmetric units in the shape of a triangular prism formed by texturing; a transparent protective layer 02 is attached to the surface of the composite functional layer, and its material is polyethylene (PE), which has weather resistance and anti-aging properties.

[0044] The bottom surface radius of the flexible substrate layer 05 is r (such as Figure 3 ) should > 2 m, and the cooling device is a rotating body formed by rotating 360° around the central axis of the dome. The flexible substrate layer 05 and the top outer cover 06 are detachably arranged and can be disassembled and assembled at any time.

[0045] It should be noted that the top outer cover 06 is a rigid structure, such as glass, which plays a supporting role for the flexible substrate layer 05. In addition, the top outer cover of this cooling device can also be removed according to the actual situation, so that the flexible substrate layer 05 and the above structure are directly placed on the support, and then the air is pumped out by a vacuum pump to make this cooling device adhere to the support.

[0046] In this embodiment, the TCO material, that is, the transparent conductive oxide (Transparent Conductive Oxide), is a material with excellent optoelectronic properties. First of all, ITO has an extremely high visible light transmittance, which means that it can allow most visible light to pass through without being absorbed or reflected, which ensures that the device presents a transparent state; on the other hand, the infrared reflectance of ITO is also quite high, and this characteristic makes it an ideal reflective material. In a specific application environment, such as a solar collector or a heat mirror, ITO can effectively reflect infrared radiation back instead of absorbing it, which helps to maintain the thermal efficiency of the system or protect sensitive components from overheating damage.

[0047] Secondly, this patent introduces a flexible material system, specifically including but not limited to high-performance flexible materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The application of these flexible materials endows the radiative cooler of this patent with excellent flexibility and deformability, enabling it to closely adhere to and adapt to various complex curved surfaces, especially the non-planar building surfaces similar to domes. Compared with traditional rigid structures, the flexible structure of this patent not only improves the installation convenience and flexibility but also ensures efficient radiative cooling effects on surfaces with different curvatures, thus greatly expanding the application scope and applicable scenarios of radiative cooling technology.

[0048] Specifically, the flexible substrate layer 05 selects a polystyrene (PS) plastic film as the basic support structure. Its excellent thermal stability and chemical inertness provide a long-term stable physical bearing platform for the device, and at the same time have the advantage of light weight.

[0049] The continuous transparent conductive layer 04 has a high transmittance of 85%-95% in the visible light band (400-700nm) to ensure the building lighting requirements; in the mid-infrared band, it shows a reflectivity of more than 80%, reducing the incoming solar radiation heat through the principle of selective thermal reflection.

[0050] The composite functional layer is constructed with a triangular prism asymmetric unit made of SiO2 / SiN4 composite material. Each asymmetric unit is divided into a reflective surface and a radiative surface, and ITO is deposited on the reflective surface unilaterally, specifically for reflecting mid-infrared light.

[0051] The outermost transparent protective layer 02 of the device is prepared from polyethylene (PE). The material itself has excellent environmental tolerance, effectively resists photo-oxidative aging through mechanisms such as ultraviolet absorption and free radical quenching, and at the same time maintains an initial transmittance of >90%.

[0052] An organic functional complementary relationship is formed among all levels, realizing the intelligent regulation of solar radiation heat on the premise of ensuring natural lighting in the building.

[0053] Referring to References 4 - 7, in an embodiment provided by the present application, the asymmetric unit can switch between total reflection, partial absorption, partial reflection, and near - total absorption according to the angle of the incident angle. Through geometric - optical calculations, a three - zone division of the incident angle is achieved, where: the angle α(k) between the horizontal direction and the normal of the reflection surface; the angle β between the tangent at the intersection of the reflection surface and the circular arc; the critical angle γ(k); the layer number k; the layer height; the total number of layers n; the incident angle θ; when θ > α(k), the incident angle is in the reflection zone, and the asymmetric unit fully reflects the incident angle; when γ(k) < θ < α(k), the incident angle is in the transition zone, and the asymmetric unit partially absorbs and partially reflects the incident angle; when θ < γ(k), the incident angle is in the absorption zone, and the asymmetric unit nearly fully absorbs the incident angle; among them, on the premise that β and n are certain and known, it can be deduced that the critical angle γ(k) is a function of the layer number k. Similarly, it can be inferred that the angle α(k) has a similar relationship with the layer number k. When the total number of layers n is greater than a preset value, the positive and negative of the angle α(k) between the horizontal direction and the normal of the reflection surface and the critical angle γ(k) near the top layer will change, from positive angles to negative angles, thus redirecting the original reflection path towards the ground to the sky direction.

[0054] It can be proved through geometric - optical calculations that the angle β between the tangent at the intersection of the reflection surface and the circular arc, the critical angle γ(k), the layer number k, the layer height, and the total number of layers n (not marked in the figure) satisfy the following relationship:

[0055]

[0056] In this embodiment, the asymmetric unit is a material that can dynamically adjust its function (total reflection, partial absorption, partial reflection, or near - total absorption) according to the incident angle of electromagnetic waves. Based on the principle of geometric optics, by calculating the relationship between the incident angle and the unit structure parameters, effective control of the incident angle is achieved.

[0057] The functional conversion of the asymmetric unit is achieved by dividing the incident angle into three regions: the reflection zone, the transition zone, and the absorption zone.

[0058] When the incident angle of the incident mid - infrared electromagnetic wave satisfies the following conditions, the asymmetric unit will exhibit different functions:

[0059] Reflection zone: When θ > α(k), the asymmetric unit performs a total - reflection operation on the incident angle.

[0060] Transition zone: When γ(k) < θ < α(k), the asymmetric unit partially absorbs and partially reflects the incident angle.

[0061] Absorption zone: When θ < γ(k), the asymmetric unit performs a near - total - absorption operation on the incident angle.

[0062] Reference Figures 5-7 , in some embodiments, as the device layer number k increases, the angle α(k) between the horizontal direction and the normal of the reflecting surface and the critical angle γ(k) change, such that as the device layer number k increases, the angle decreases; ensuring that the maximum value of the angle appears at the bottom layer, and precise control of the angle is achieved by adjusting the number of layers n and the angle β between the tangent at the intersection of the reflecting surface and the arc.

[0063] In this embodiment, it can be analyzed that as the device layer number k increases, both the angle α(k) and the angle γ(k) decrease, (when reaching a certain device layer number k, the angle may become negative). It can be proven that this has no effect on the radiative cooling of the device at this time, so the maximum value of the angle appears at the bottom layer. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the adjustment of the number of layers n of the device and the angle β between the tangent at the intersection of the reflecting surface and the arc can achieve the regulation of the angle.

[0064] The explanation of the influence of the positive and negative changes of the angle α(k) and the angle γ(k) on radiative cooling is as follows. When the incident angle acts on the reflection region, the characteristics of this region change specifically, resulting in a change in the reflection mechanism. Specifically, the wave that was originally supposed to be reflected towards the ground is now redirected towards the sky, achieving reflection towards the sky instead of the ground. Importantly, this redirection process is not accompanied by the penetration of the wave energy into the device interior, that is, the reflected wave is not absorbed by the device or conducted to its internal structure. Therefore, although the reflection path is adjusted, this change does not affect its radiative cooling effect, and it can still effectively achieve the cooling purpose by radiating heat towards the cold sky.

[0065] The explanation of the wavelength selectivity of the present invention is as follows. Since the wavelength selectivity of the device mainly comes from the ITO thin film, a brief description of this material will be given. Usually, the energy gap of the ITO thin film is large, such that the energy of visible light (wavelength range of about 380 mm to 780 mm) is not sufficient to excite valence band electrons to the conduction band. Therefore, visible light can pass through the material smoothly without being absorbed. By doping different elements to introduce new energy levels, the absorption and reflection characteristics of the material for mid-infrared electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths can be changed, so that the material itself has wavelength selectivity.

[0066] Reference Figures 8-9, simulation experiments were conducted on the angular selectivity of the composite functional layer. Through mid-infrared electromagnetic wave tracing, it can be known that when the incident angle of the incident mid-infrared electromagnetic wave is positive, the present invention has a strong absorption rate for large-angle incident angles and no obvious reflection effect, and the maximum absorption rate can reach 97%. However, the absorption rate of mid-infrared electromagnetic light at small angles is relatively low, and the absorption rate generally shows a monotonically increasing trend with the increase of the angle. When the incident angle is greater than 70°, the increase rate of the absorption rate significantly slows down and finally tends to a stable value; when the incident angle of the incident angle is negative (that is, the incident mid-infrared electromagnetic wave comes from the ground), a relatively obvious reflection effect is generated, and it can be seen from the figure that the greater the absolute value of the negative angle, the more obvious the reflection effect and the greater the energy of the received reflected wave. In summary, the present invention has strong angular selectivity, has a good reflection effect on the incident angle from the ground, and has a good overall radiative cooling effect.

[0067] Reference Figure 10 , an installation method for a dome transparent radiative cooling device, including a plurality of structural components, and the plurality of structural components are arranged and assembled in a pre-set manner to achieve the reflection or absorption of mid-infrared electromagnetic waves.

[0068] The structural components include m identical sector structural units, and the m sector structural units are arranged in a circular array. The central angle of each sector structural unit is 360° / m (m≥4), and the β angle range of each step is 50°≤β≤80°.

[0069] In the first installation method of the present application, in this embodiment, the basic building block in the scheme is the sector structural unit. This is because the sector can effectively utilize space and at the same time facilitate the combination of multiple units into a larger structure.

[0070] It is planned to manufacture a total of 10 completely identical sector structural units, and these units can be used alone or combined to form a larger structure.

[0071] The central angle of each sector is set to 36°. This angle selection takes into account maintaining the structural stability

[0072]

[0073] while maximizing the area that a single sector can cover.

[0074] The radius of the sector is 5 meters. This size not only meets the requirements of practical applications but also ensures easy operation and control accuracy during the manufacturing process.

[0075] On the surface of each sector, 2000 step structures will be precisely prepared. These steps are evenly distributed in the sector area, increasing the functionality of the surface.

[0076] The height of each step does not exceed 2 millimeters.

[0077] The β angle refers to the angle between the tangent line at the intersection of the reflecting surface and the circular arc, and the specific value is 64°. This angle is crucial for determining the shape of the step and affects the behavior of light passing through the step structure.

[0078] Preferably, for the fan-shaped structural unit structure, the materials and their parameters of each layer are shown in the following table:

[0079] Reference Figure 10 , as an alternative embodiment, the structural component further includes a plurality of annular structural units. The structural component includes a plurality of annular structural units, and the annular structural units are evenly divided into ξ angular intervals in the range of 0° to 90°, and the span of each interval is 90° / ξ (ξ≥2); the annular structural units within the same angular interval have the same reflection layer tilt angle, and the reflection layer tilt angles of the annular structural units in different angular intervals are non-periodically distributed.

[0080] In the second installation method of this application, in this embodiment, the basic building block in the solution is the annular structural unit. The non-periodic optical characteristics are achieved by changing the angle between the reflection layer and the vertical plane within a specific angular interval, so as to meet specific application requirements.

[0081] The entire annular structure is evenly divided into 9 intervals in the angular range from 0° to 90°, and each interval covers a range of 10°. Within each individual angular interval, the annular structure is the same; however, between different angular intervals, the annular structure shows non-periodic changes. It allows precise control of the directionality of mid-infrared electromagnetic light.

[0082] 0° - 10° interval: In this angular range, the angle between the reflection layer and the vertical plane is preferably 64°. This angle setting helps to optimize the electromagnetic wave reflection effect in this direction.

[0083] 10° - 20° interval: The angle between the reflection layer and the vertical plane is adjusted to 56°. As the angle increases, the angle gradually decreases to adapt to the requirements of the electromagnetic wave path at different angles.

[0084] 20° - 30° interval: The angle is further reduced to 43° to maintain the best reflection performance.

[0085] 30° - 40° interval: The angle is set to 34°, continuing to adapt to the change of the electromagnetic wave path.

[0086] 40° - 50° interval: The angle is adjusted to 29° to ensure that the mid-infrared electromagnetic wave can be reflected along the expected path.

[0087] 50° - 60° interval: The angle becomes 25°, continuously optimizing the reflection effect.

[0088] 60° - 70° range: The included angle is set to 22°, and the reflection effect is continuously optimized.

[0089] 70° - 80° range: The included angle is significantly reduced to 11°, providing a specific reflection pattern for the high-angle region.

[0090] 80° - 90° range: Finally, the included angle is reduced to 8°, completing the entire annular structure.

[0091] In this way, the reflection characteristics in each angular range can be effectively controlled to achieve the expected functional effects.

[0092] Preferably, for the structure in the figure, the materials and their parameters of each layer are shown in the following table:

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] The included angle between the reflective layer of this structural unit and the vertical plane is highly discretized. The action of the structural units in each angular range on the incident angle has obvious differences, but the overall effect can meet the angle regulation requirements. This greatly reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the device.

[0096] As can be seen from the above, the present invention is not an integral structure, but includes multiple identical structural components. Each structural component is designed based on the principle of precise equal division of the complete hemisphere. Through an innovative splicing technology, these units can be seamlessly connected and jointly cover the dome. This not only greatly reduces the production difficulty of a single component, making the manufacturing process more efficient and economical, but also greatly facilitates the actual transportation and on-site installation process of the product, reducing logistics costs and time costs. This modularity endows the present invention with extremely high flexibility and adaptability. In the actual application process, if a local area of the covering film is damaged due to environmental factors or accidents, the user does not need to perform large-scale disassembly and overall replacement of the entire dome structure. Instead, only by accurately positioning the damaged structural component and performing a separate replacement operation, the overall integrity and functionality of the dome can be quickly restored. This characteristic greatly simplifies the later maintenance work process, reduces the maintenance cost, and also extends the service life of the overall structure, making the application of the present invention more extensive and cost-effective.

[0097] This application also raises the problem of preparing asymmetric triangular prism units. Specifically.

[0098] 1. Prepare a flexible substrate with a thickness of 5 nm using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) material.

[0099] 2. Immerse the PET material in an acetone solution to soften and remove surface stains. After gently brushing the PET surface with a soft brush or sponge, rinse it thoroughly with clean water and place it in a cool and ventilated place to dry naturally.

[0100] 3. On one side of the prepared PET substrate, deposit a 100 - 700 nm thick indium tin oxide (ITO) film as a transparent conductive layer by magnetron sputtering, with the temperature controlled at 100 °C during the process.

[0101] 4. Use the coating method to uniformly coat a layer of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) on the ITO film, with the coating thickness controlled between 50 - 100 μm.

[0102] 5. Use electron beam lithography to fabricate a series of triangular prism structures on the silicon substrate. Each triangular prism has a width D of 2 μm and a β angle of 64°; among them, the height H1 of the first triangular prism is 50 μm, and the heights of subsequent triangular prisms decrease by 0.068 μm in sequence. Refer to Figure 12 。

[0103] 6. Press the silicon template into the high-temperature softened photoresist layer and maintain the conditions at 100 °C and 5 MPa for a period of time so that the photoresist can fully fill the nanostructures of the template.

[0104] 7. After the photoresist cools and solidifies, release the pressure and carefully remove the template.

[0105] 8. Perform reactive ion etching on the substrate to remove the residual photoresist, thereby obtaining a nanostructure pattern consistent with the template.

[0106] 9. Use magnetron sputtering to deposit a 100 nm thick ITO film on the reflective surface of the triangular prism structure.

[0107] 10. Use the casting method to deposit a 150 - 200 μm thick polyethylene layer on the entire device surface to enhance the protection performance.

[0108] 11. Uniformly apply a layer of AB glue on the other side of the PET substrate and immediately cover a layer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) on its surface as the final protective film.

[0109] Finally, it should be noted that the methods and devices described in detail above are only examples, and those skilled in the art can modify these examples in different ways as long as they do not depart from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dome transparent radiation cooling device, characterized in that: include, The top cover (06) has an arc-shaped outer contour; A flexible substrate layer (05) covers the top cover (06); A continuous transparent conductive layer (04) covering the flexible substrate layer (05); The composite functional layer is arranged on the continuous transparent conductive layer (04), and is composed of the infrared absorption layer (01) and the infrared reflection layer (03), wherein: The composite functional layer includes a plurality of triangular prism-like asymmetric units formed by texturing; The transparent protective layer (02) is attached to the surface of the composite functional layer.

2. The dome transparent radiation cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible substrate layer (05) is a rotating body formed by rotating 360 degrees with the dome center axis as the rotating axis, and the flexible substrate layer (05) and the top outer cover (06) are detachable and separable bodies; The asymmetric unit can switch between complete reflection, partial absorption, partial reflection, and nearly complete absorption according to the incident angle.

3. The method for operating the dome transparent radiation cooling device is characterized by: A dome transparent radiation cooling device comprising any one of claims 1 to 2, and: Through the triangular prism-like asymmetric unit structure, the reflection and absorption behavior of electromagnetic waves are controlled; By increasing the layer number k, changing α(k) and γ(k), the angle decreases and the reflection path turns from the ground to the sky; Determine the relationship between θ, α(k), and γ(k) to achieve regulation of the reflection zone, transition zone, or absorption zone.

4. The method for operating the dome transparent radiation cooling device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The three-zone division of the incident angle is achieved through geometric optical calculation, where: the angle α(k) between the horizontal direction and the normal of the reflecting surface; the angle β between the tangent at the intersection of the reflecting surface and the arc; the critical angle γ(k); the layer number k; the layer height h k ;Total number of layers n;Incident angle θ; When θ>α(k), the incident angle is in the reflection zone, and the asymmetric unit plays a complete reflection role on the incident angle; When γ(k)<θ<α(k), the incident angle is in the transition region, and the asymmetric unit partially absorbs and partially reflects the incident angle; When θ<γ(k), the incident angle is in the absorption region, and the asymmetric unit has a nearly complete absorption effect on the incident angle; When the total number of layers n is greater than a preset value, the angle α(k) between the horizontal direction on the reflecting surface close to the top layer and the normal of the reflecting surface and the critical angle γ(k) will change from a positive angle to a negative angle, thereby redirecting the reflection path originally directed toward the ground to the sky.

5. The method for operating the dome transparent radiation cooling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The angle between the reflecting surface and the tangent at the intersection of the arc satisfies the following relationship: Among them, the angle β between the reflecting surface and the tangent at the intersection of the arc, the critical angle γ(k), the layer number k, and the layer height h k , the total number of layers n, the calculation proof is as above.

6. The method for operating the dome transparent radiation cooling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: As the number of device layers k increases, the angle α(k) between the horizontal direction and the normal of the reflection surface and the critical angle γ(k) change, so that the angle decreases as the number of device layers k increases; It is ensured that the maximum value of the angle appears at the bottom layer, so that the angle can be controlled by adjusting the number of layers n and the angle β between the tangent line at the intersection of the reflecting surface and the arc.

7. A method for installing a dome transparent radiation cooling device, characterized in that: A dome transparent radiation cooling device comprising any one of claims 1 to 2, and: Multiple structural components are arranged and assembled in a predetermined manner to achieve reflection or absorption of mid-infrared electromagnetic waves.

8. The dome transparent radiation cooling device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The structural component includes m identical fan-shaped structural units, which are arranged in a circular array, the central angle of each fan-shaped structural unit is 360° / m (m≥4), and the β angle range of each step is 50°≤β≤80°.

9. The dome transparent radiation cooling device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The structural assembly includes a plurality of annular structural units, and the annular structural units are evenly divided into ξ angle intervals within the range of 0° to 90°, and each interval spans 90° / ξ (ξ≥2); The annular structure units in the same angle interval have the same reflection layer inclination angle, and the reflection layer inclination angles of the annular structure units in different angle intervals are non-periodically distributed.

10. A method for manufacturing an asymmetric unit of a dome transparent radiation cooling device, characterized in that: A dome transparent radiation cooling device comprising any one of claims 1 to 2, and: A flexible PET substrate with a thickness of 5 nm was prepared, cleaned with a solution and dried; Deposit a 100-700nm transparent conductive ITO film on one side of the PET substrate and control the temperature at 100°C; A 50-100 μm PMMA layer is coated on the ITO film to form a uniform coating; Etching a triangular prism structure on a silicon substrate, pressing in softened photoresist and curing it into shape; After removing the template, the residual photoresist is etched away, and a 100nm ITO reflective layer is plated; A 150-200 μm polyethylene protective layer is cast on the surface of the device, and the other side is covered with AB glue and PVB film.

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