Channel design scheme generation method for small wild animals

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological engineering, and provides a channel design scheme generation method for small wild animals, which comprises the following steps: determining a channel reference width based on an animal behavior model; converting the geographic elements of the target area into a terrain obstacle area; decomposing the obstacle area through the terrain adaptability unit to generate a habitat module; establishing a module topological connection relationship and generating reference channel lines with uniform directions and a distance as a reference width; and integrating the channel network to form a complete ecological corridor scheme. According to the method, the wild animal migration safety and the habitat connectivity can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ecological engineering technology. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for generating a channel design scheme for small wild animals. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the problem of wildlife habitat fragmentation is becoming increasingly prominent. As an important infrastructure connecting isolated habitats, the design rationality of ecological corridors directly affects the success rate of species migration. The existing technologies mainly rely on expert experience or simple geospatial analysis, lacking systematic quantification of animal behavior characteristics and terrain adaptability. Traditional methods usually adopt a fixed-width design, failing to fully consider key biological parameters such as the body size, group migration pattern, and vigilant behavior of different species; in terms of terrain processing, it mostly relies on manual identification of obstacle areas, making it difficult to accurately evaluate the actual impact of terrain factors such as slope and elevation difference on animal activities; the path generation algorithm also often ignores ecological cost factors such as vegetation cover and human interference, resulting in low actual utilization rate of the corridor.

[0003] In the process of implementing the embodiments of the present invention, the inventors found that there are at least the following problems or defects in the existing technologies: the disconnection between biological parameters and engineering design leads to insufficient applicability of the channel; inaccurate quantification of terrain obstacles results in too high ecological cost of the path; the lack of a dynamic optimization mechanism makes it difficult for the corridor network to balance functionality and terrain matching degree. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for generating a channel design scheme for small wild animals, including: Step S1: Determine the reference width of the channel based on the animal behavior model; comprehensively determine the reference width of the channel according to the biological parameters, activity radius threshold, and migration path characteristics of the target species to meet the passage needs of the species and adapt to the terrain; Step S2: Convert the geographical elements of the target area into terrain obstacle areas; Step S3: Decompose the obstacle area through a terrain adaptability unit to generate multiple habitat modules; Step S4: Establish the topological connection relationship of the habitat modules, and generate a reference channel line with a unified direction within each module, and the distance between the reference channel lines is the reference width of the channel determined in Step S1; Step S5: Integrate the channel networks of each habitat module to form a complete ecological corridor scheme.

[0005] Further, the reference width of the channel satisfies the following biological constraint conditions: Constraint condition 1: The width of the channel is not less than three times the maximum body width of the target species; Constraint condition 2: The width of the channel is not less than twice the typical group migration width; Constraint 3: The channel width does not exceed 80% of the species' alert perception distance.

[0006] Furthermore, step S4 includes: Step S401: Construct an adjacency relationship graph of habitat modules, and generate a minimum ecological cost tree through terrain barrier degree calculation; Step S402: Based on the minimum ecological cost tree, establish a module connection sequence, and use a bidirectional search algorithm to generate a connection path to ensure that the path slope meets the species' movement ability requirements.

[0007] Furthermore, the terrain barrier degree calculation includes: 1) Extract the elevation data of the transition zone between modules, and calculate the average slope value and the maximum height difference; 2) Obtain the human activity intensity index of the transition zone, and comprehensively calculate the slope influence factor and the human disturbance factor through a weighted calculation method; 3) When there is a water body barrier, add a correction term for the ratio of the water body width to the species' wading depth.

[0008] Furthermore, the path evaluation criteria of the bidirectional search algorithm include: Spatial cost term: The ratio of the path length to the reference width of the channel; Terrain cost term: The ratio of the cumulative elevation change to the species' vertical activity ability; Ecological cost term: The matching degree of the vegetation coverage and the species' concealment requirement.

[0009] Furthermore, the construction process of the terrain obstacle area in step S2 includes: 1) Delimit the overall scope of the ecological corridor as the basic area; 2) Identify the non-traversable elements in the area, including road infrastructure, artificial building complexes, steep terrain areas, water area boundary lines; 3) Convert each obstacle element into an independent closed area to form a composite terrain structure including inner and outer boundaries.

[0010] Furthermore, the specific process of terrain adaptability unit decomposition in step S3 includes: Step S301: Generate an initial decomposition axis along the main terrain feature line; Step S302: Dynamically adjust the axis direction based on the surface undulation data; Step S303: When encountering obstacle elements, use a fractal bypass strategy to generate sub-modules; Step S304: Conduct terrain adaptability inspection on the sub-modules, and iteratively decompose the unqualified modules until the species' activity requirements are met.

[0011] Furthermore, the terrain adaptability inspection criteria include: Inspection criterion 1: The maximum height difference within the module does not exceed twice the vertical activity threshold of the species; Inspection criterion 2: The average slope within the module is less than three - quarters of the maximum climbing slope of the species; Inspection criterion 3: The complexity index at the module edge is lower than the preset terrain curvature limit.

[0012] Furthermore, the generation of the ecological corridor plan in step S5 includes: 1) Construct a spatial topological network, including two types of elements: main channel segments and connection segments; 2) The main channel segments extend equidistantly along the reference channel line according to the channel reference width; 3) The connection segments are constructed in one of the following forms according to the terrain features: Saddle connection: Set a buffer platform in the terrain transition area; Valley bottom connection: Set a raised channel along the watercourse line; Ridge connection: Set a polyline channel according to the contour distribution.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a channel optimization step: Optimization step 1: Implement a visibility analysis to remove redundant channel segments blocked by the terrain; Optimization step 2: Optimize the curvature of the curved channel segments to ensure that the turning radius meets the turning requirements of the species; Optimization step 3: Set a guiding sign area at key nodes, and its spatial scale is not less than three times the square of the channel reference width.

[0014] According to the above - mentioned embodiments of the present invention, it has at least the following beneficial effects: The channel design plan of the present invention can meet the passage needs of small wild animals. By comprehensively considering the biological parameters, activity radius threshold, and migration path characteristics of the target species, the channel reference width is determined to ensure that the channel width can adapt to the body size and migration group scale of the animals, and will not be too large to exceed their warning perception range. In terms of terrain adaptability, this method can convert the geographical elements of the target area into terrain obstacle areas, and generate multiple habitat modules by decomposing the obstacle areas through terrain adaptability units. Then, the topological connection relationship of the habitat modules is established to generate a reference channel line with a unified direction, and finally, a complete ecological corridor plan is integrated. Such a design can effectively cope with complex terrain conditions, reduce the channel construction cost, and improve the feasibility and practicality of the channel.

[0015] In addition, the present invention can further improve the passage efficiency and ecological benefits of the corridor through optimization steps. For example, visual field analysis can be implemented to remove redundant corridor segments blocked by terrain, curvature optimization can be performed on curved corridor segments to ensure that the turning radius meets the turning requirements of species, and guiding sign areas can be set at key nodes. These optimization measures can improve the utilization efficiency of the corridor, reduce the loss and wandering of animals in the corridor, and at the same time, the setting of the guiding sign area can provide clear passage directions for animals, further enhancing the ecological function of the corridor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] By reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily understood. In the drawings, several embodiments of the present invention are shown by way of illustration and not limitation, wherein: Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic flow chart of a method for generating a corridor design scheme for small wild animals provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0017] The principles and spirit of the present invention will now be described with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to convey the scope of the present invention fully to those skilled in the art.

[0018] Those skilled in the art know that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a system, apparatus, device, method, or computer program product. Therefore, the present invention can be specifically implemented in the following forms: completely hardware, completely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0019] It should be noted that any number of elements in the drawings is for illustration and not limitation, and any naming is only for distinction and does not have any limiting meaning.

[0020] The following refers to Figure 1 , Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic flow chart of a method for generating a corridor design scheme for small wild animals provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 1 shown, a method for generating a corridor design scheme for small wild animals includes: Step S1: Determine the reference width of the corridor based on the animal behavior model; comprehensively determine the reference width of the corridor according to the biological parameters, activity radius threshold, and migration path characteristics of the target species to meet the passage requirements of the species and adapt to the terrain; Step S2: Convert the geographical features of the target area into terrain obstacle areas; Step S3: Decompose the obstacle area through the terrain adaptability unit to generate multiple habitat modules; Step S4: Establish the topological connection relationship of the habitat modules, and generate a reference channel line with a unified direction within each module. The distance between the reference channel lines is the channel reference width determined in Step S1; Step S5: Integrate the channel networks of each habitat module to form a complete ecological corridor plan.

[0021] It should be noted that when determining the channel reference width, it is completed based on the animal behavior model by comprehensively considering the biological parameters of the target species, the activity radius threshold, and the migration path characteristics. The animal behavior model here refers to a mathematical model established through scientific research and data analysis that can simulate the behavior characteristics of the target species and can reflect the activity rules and needs of animals in the natural environment. The biological parameters mainly include the body size and movement ability of animals, etc. These parameters are the basic data that must be considered when designing the channel to ensure that the channel can adapt to the physiological characteristics of animals. The activity radius threshold refers to the maximum activity range that animals can accept during their daily activities or migrations, which reflects the spatial requirements of animals. The migration path characteristics refer to the path selection preferences shown by animals during migrations, such as preferring straight paths or avoiding certain obstacles, etc. These characteristics have important guiding significance for the layout and direction of the channel. The channel reference width determined by integrating these factors can not only meet the passage needs of the species but also adapt to the terrain conditions, providing a scientific basis for subsequent channel design.

[0022] Specifically, the biological parameters of the target species cover multiple aspects such as the body size and movement ability of animals. For example, the maximum body width of an animal is an important reference index when designing the channel width, and the channel width should be at least three times the maximum body width of the animal to ensure that the animal can pass smoothly. The movement ability includes the climbing ability and jumping ability of animals, etc. These abilities determine the design requirements of the channel when the terrain changes, such as the slope and height. The activity radius threshold refers to the maximum range that animals can move within a certain period of time, which reflects the spatial requirements of animals. For example, for some small mammals, their activity radius may only be a few hundred meters, while for some birds, the activity radius may reach dozens of kilometers. When designing the channel, it is necessary to determine the layout and length of the channel according to the activity radius threshold of the target species. The migration path characteristics include the path types selected by animals during migrations and the obstacles to be avoided, etc. For example, some animals tend to choose paths with dense vegetation and avoid open areas; some animals will avoid tall obstacles such as steep slopes or buildings. These characteristics can be obtained through field observations, animal tracking data, etc. and used to guide the design of the channel to better meet the migration needs of animals.

[0023] Preferably, in step S1, the construction of the animal behavior model can be completed by collecting a large amount of behavior data of the target species. These data include the daily activity trajectories, migration paths, residence times, etc. of the animals. Through these data, a model that can reflect the animal behavior patterns can be established. For example, GPS tracking devices can be used to collect the activity trajectory data of the animals, and then data analysis software is used to process and analyze these data to extract the behavioral characteristic parameters of the animals, such as the average activity speed, the distribution of stop points, etc. These parameters can be used as the input parameters of the model to simulate the behavior of the animals. When determining the reference width of the passage, specific parameters can be set according to the maximum body width of the animals and the typical migration width of the group. For example, if the maximum body width of the target species is 30 cm, then the passage width should not be less than 90 cm, 30 cm × 3. At the same time, the typical migration width of the group also needs to be considered. If the typical migration width of the group is 50 cm, then the passage width should not be less than 100 cm, 50 cm × 2.

[0024] Furthermore, the warning perception distance of the animals also needs to be considered. The passage width should not exceed 80% of this distance to ensure that the animals can feel safe in the passage. Through these specific parameter settings and model construction steps, the reference width of the passage can be determined more scientifically, providing a more suitable passage design scheme for small wild animals.

[0025] In some embodiments, the reference width of the passage satisfies the following biological constraint conditions: Constraint 1: The passage width is not less than three times the maximum body width of the target species; Constraint 2: The passage width is not less than twice the typical migration width of the group; Constraint 3: The passage width does not exceed 80% of the warning perception distance of the species.

[0026] It should be noted that the determination of the reference width of the passage needs to meet a series of biological constraints, which are to ensure that the passage can truly meet the passage needs of the target species, while taking into account its behavioral habits and safety needs. Among them, the condition that the passage width is not less than three times the maximum body width of the target species is set based on the physiological needs of animals to be able to turn around freely and pass comfortably in the passage. For example, for some small rodents, the maximum body width may be only a few centimeters, so the passage width should be at least three times this value to ensure that they can move freely in the passage. The condition that the passage width is not less than twice the typical group migration width takes into account that animals often appear in groups during migration, and the passage needs to have enough space to accommodate the entire group passing through at the same time. Finally, the condition that the passage width does not exceed 80% of the species' warning perception distance is to prevent animals from feeling insecure due to too much space in the passage. The warning perception distance refers to the maximum distance at which animals can perceive changes in the surrounding environment and react. Controlling the passage width within 80% of this distance can reduce the tension and uneasiness of animals and improve the utilization rate of the passage.

[0027] Specifically, the maximum body width of the target species refers to the maximum width that an individual can reach in the horizontal direction among the target species. This parameter can be obtained through on-site measurement of the target species or by referring to relevant biological literature. For example, for a certain small wild animal, by measuring the maximum body widths of multiple individuals and taking their average or maximum value as the design parameter. The typical group migration width refers to the average width occupied by the group in the horizontal direction during animal migration. This parameter can be obtained through long-term observation and data analysis of animal migration behaviors. For example, by setting up cameras on the animal migration path, recording the migration process of the group, and analyzing the width changes of the group to determine a reasonable value for the typical group migration width. As for the species' warning perception distance, this is an important concept in animal behavior. It refers to the maximum distance at which animals can perceive changes in the surrounding environment and react. This distance is related to various sensory abilities of animals such as vision and hearing and can also be obtained through experiments and observations. For example, for some animals that rely on vision, the warning perception distance can be determined by setting up obstacles at different distances and observing the reactions of the animals.

[0028] Preferably, when determining the reference width of the passage, the following steps can be taken for refinement. First, conduct a detailed biological study on the target species, including measuring the maximum body width of multiple individuals to ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the data. Second, determine the typical group migration width through long-term field observations and data analysis. For example, drones can be used to photograph the animal migration process, and image recognition technology can be used to analyze the width changes of the group. Finally, determine the warning perception distance of the species through experimental methods. For example, sound sources or light sources at different distances can be set within the animal activity area, and the reactions of the animals can be observed to determine their warning perception distances. In practical applications, these parameters can be input into a specially designed software, which can automatically calculate the reference width of the passage that meets all biological constraints according to the input parameters. For example, the software can calculate the minimum passage width based on the maximum body width of the animal, calculate the lower limit of the passage width based on the typical group migration width, and calculate the upper limit of the passage width based on the warning perception distance, and finally output a reasonable reference width value of the passage. Through this refined operation step, the reference width of the passage can be determined more scientifically and accurately, providing a solid theoretical basis for the design of small wildlife passages.

[0029] In some embodiments, step S4 includes: Step S401, construct an adjacency relationship graph of habitat modules, and generate a minimum ecological cost tree through terrain barrier degree calculation; Step S402, establish a module connection sequence based on the minimum ecological cost tree, and use a bidirectional search algorithm to generate a connection path to ensure that the path slope meets the movement ability requirements of the species.

[0030] It should be noted that the implementation of step S4 is to construct an effective connection between habitat modules to form a passage network for animals to pass through. Among them, constructing an adjacency relationship graph of habitat modules means analyzing the spatial position relationship between each habitat module and drawing a graphical structure that can reflect the possibility of connection between modules. This structure can help determine which modules need to establish passage connections to achieve the free migration of animals. The minimum ecological cost tree is a concept based on ecological principles. It selects an optimal path structure that can connect all habitat modules with the least ecological impact by calculating and comparing the ecological costs of different connection paths. The calculation of ecological costs usually takes into account various factors such as terrain, vegetation, and human activities that affect animal migration. The bidirectional search algorithm is an efficient path search method. It searches from the starting point and the ending point of the habitat module simultaneously, and through continuous optimization of path selection, ensures that the finally generated connection path can not only connect each module but also meet the movement ability requirements of animals, such as path slope.

[0031] Specifically, the habitat module adjacency relationship graph is a graphical representation method. It uses habitat modules as nodes and potential connection paths between modules as edges. Each node represents a habitat module, and the weight of an edge can represent the ecological cost of connecting two modules. For example, the weight of an edge can be a comprehensive evaluation value of factors such as terrain slope, vegetation coverage, and human activity intensity. The minimum ecological cost tree is a tree-like structure generated from the adjacency relationship graph through an algorithm. It ensures the connection between all habitat modules while minimizing the ecological cost of the entire network. The calculation of ecological cost can include the impact of terrain slope on animal migration, the contribution of vegetation coverage to animal concealment, and the quantification of the degree of animal interference by human activity intensity. The bidirectional search algorithm is a path search algorithm that starts searching simultaneously from the starting point and the ending point of the habitat module. By gradually expanding the search path, it finally finds an optimal path that meets the requirements of the animal's movement ability. The evaluation criteria for the path can include spatial cost, terrain cost, and ecological cost, etc. Among them, the spatial cost can be the ratio of the path length to the reference width of the passage, the terrain cost can be the ratio of the cumulative elevation change to the animal's vertical activity ability, and the ecological cost can be the matching degree of vegetation coverage and the animal's concealment requirement.

[0032] Preferably, when implementing step S4, the operation steps can be further refined. First, when constructing the habitat module adjacency relationship graph, the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology can be used to collect and analyze the spatial location data of habitat modules to determine the adjacency relationship between modules. The boundary of each habitat module can be determined through field investigations or satellite image analysis, and the potential connection paths between modules can be identified by analyzing the continuity of the terrain and the coherence of the vegetation. Second, when generating the minimum ecological cost tree, a weight-based graph theory algorithm such as Prim's algorithm or Kruskal's algorithm can be used. These algorithms can gradually construct the minimum ecological cost tree according to the weights of the edges in the adjacency relationship graph. The calculation of the weights can combine factors such as terrain slope, vegetation coverage, and human activity intensity, and quantify the ecological cost through weighted summation. Finally, when applying the bidirectional search algorithm, specific path evaluation criteria can be set. For example, the spatial cost can be evaluated by calculating the ratio of the path length to the reference width of the passage, the terrain cost can be determined by calculating the ratio of the cumulative elevation change to the animal's vertical activity ability, and the ecological cost can be quantified by evaluating the matching degree of vegetation coverage and the animal's concealment requirement. Through these refined operation steps, the connection paths between habitat modules can be constructed more effectively, ensuring the ecological benefits of the passage network and the passage needs of animals.

[0033] In some embodiments, the calculation of the terrain barrier degree includes: 1) Extract the elevation data of the transition zone between modules and calculate the average slope value and the maximum height difference; 2) Obtain the human activity intensity index in the transition zone, and comprehensively consider the slope influence factor and the human disturbance factor through a weighted calculation method; 3) When there is a water body barrier, add a correction term for the ratio of the water body width to the wading depth of the species.

[0034] It should be noted that the calculation of the terrain barrier degree is to evaluate the difficulty of connection between habitat modules, so as to provide a basis for corridor design. Among them, the elevation data of the transition zone between modules refers to the terrain height information of the connection area between habitat modules, which is used to calculate the average slope value and the maximum height difference. These parameters reflect the undulation degree of the terrain. The human activity intensity index refers to the frequency of human activities in the transition zone. By comprehensively considering the slope influence factor and the human disturbance factor through a weighted calculation method, the impact of human activities on animal migration can be evaluated. The water body barrier means that when there is a water area, a correction term for the ratio of the water body width to the wading depth of the species needs to be considered to evaluate the degree of obstruction of the water body to animal migration.

[0035] Specifically, the elevation data of the transition zone between modules can be obtained through the digital elevation model (DEM) data in the geographic information system (GIS) software. The average slope value is determined by calculating the ratio of the elevation difference between two points in the transition zone to the horizontal distance, and the maximum height difference is the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point in the transition zone. These parameters reflect the undulation degree of the terrain and have an important impact on the selection of animal migration paths. The human activity intensity index can be obtained through various methods, such as field surveys, satellite image analysis, or geographic information system data to evaluate the frequency and type of human activities in the transition zone. The weighted calculation method means assigning different weights according to different influence factors. For example, the slope influence factor is related to the climbing ability of animals, while the human disturbance factor is related to the sensitivity of animals to human activities. The water body barrier means that when there is a water area, a correction term for the ratio of the water body width to the wading depth of the species needs to be considered. This ratio reflects the degree of obstruction of the water body to animal migration. For example, if the water body width is much larger than the wading depth of the animal, then the water body will pose a greater obstacle to animal migration.

[0036] Preferably, when calculating the terrain barrier degree, the operation steps can be further refined. First, obtain the elevation data of the transition zone between modules through GIS software, and calculate the average slope value and the maximum height difference. For example, the average slope value can be calculated using the slope analysis tool in GIS, and the maximum height difference can be calculated by extracting the highest and lowest points from the DEM data. Second, obtain the human activity intensity index. The human activity frequency and type within the transition zone can be evaluated through field surveys or satellite image analysis, and the slope influence factor and the human disturbance factor can be comprehensively calculated through a weighted calculation method. For example, the slope influence factor can be set to 0.6, and the human disturbance factor can be set to 0.4, and the comprehensive influence value can be calculated according to the actual data. Finally, when there is a water body barrier, add a correction term for the ratio of the water body width to the wading depth of the species. For example, if the wading depth of the target species is 0.5 meters and the water body width is 10 meters, then the correction term for the water body barrier will significantly increase the terrain barrier degree. Through these specific calculation and evaluation steps, the connection difficulty between habitat modules can be more accurately evaluated, providing a scientific basis for corridor design.

[0037] In some embodiments, the path evaluation criteria of the bidirectional search algorithm include: Spatial cost term: the ratio of the path length to the reference width of the corridor; Terrain cost term: the ratio of the cumulative elevation change to the vertical activity ability of the species; Ecological cost term: the matching degree between the vegetation coverage and the concealment requirement of the species.

[0038] It should be noted that the path evaluation criteria of the bidirectional search algorithm are set to ensure that the generated corridor paths can meet the passage needs of small wild animals. Among them, the spatial cost term reflects the relationship between the path length and the reference width of the corridor, and is used to evaluate the rationality of the path. If the path is too long, it may increase the migration cost and risk of animals. The terrain cost term considers the relationship between the elevation change of the path and the vertical activity ability of the animals, ensuring that the slope of the path does not exceed the climbing ability of the animals. The ecological cost term focuses on the matching degree between the vegetation coverage and the concealment requirement of the animals, because good vegetation coverage can provide necessary concealment for the animals and reduce their exposure risk during migration.

[0039] Specifically, the spatial cost term evaluates the rationality of the path by calculating the ratio of the path length to the reference width of the corridor. The reference width of the corridor is determined based on biological parameters such as the maximum body width of the animal and the width of the migration group. The path length is the actual distance from the starting point to the ending point of the habitat module. The smaller this ratio is, the shorter the path is and the lower the migration cost of the animal is. The terrain cost term evaluates whether the slope of the path is suitable for the animal to pass through by calculating the ratio of the cumulative elevation change to the vertical movement ability of the animal. The cumulative elevation change refers to the total height difference on the path, and the vertical movement ability of the animal refers to the maximum slope or height difference it can climb. The smaller this ratio is, the gentler the slope of the path is and the easier it is for the animal to pass through. The ecological cost term judges the ecological suitability of the path by evaluating the matching degree between the vegetation coverage and the concealment requirement of the animal. The vegetation coverage refers to the density of the vegetation on the path, and the concealment requirement of the animal refers to the degree of its need for a concealed environment during migration. If the vegetation coverage is high and can meet the concealment requirement of the animal, the value of the ecological cost term is lower, indicating better ecological suitability of the path.

[0040] Preferably, when implementing the bidirectional search algorithm, the specific calculation process of the path evaluation criteria can be further refined. First, for the spatial cost term, a threshold can be set. For example, when the ratio of the path length to the reference width of the corridor exceeds this threshold, the path is considered too long and needs to be re-planned. This threshold can be determined according to the migration ability and endurance of the target species. Second, when calculating the terrain cost term, the cumulative elevation change and the vertical movement ability of the animal can be quantified. For example, if the maximum slope that the animal can climb as its vertical movement ability is 30 degrees, then the elevation change on the path should be controlled within the acceptable range of the animal. Finally, for the ecological cost term, the vegetation coverage can be determined through field surveys or satellite image analysis and matched with the concealment requirement of the animal. For example, if the animal needs high vegetation coverage for concealment, then the path should preferably be selected in areas with dense vegetation. Through these specific calculation and evaluation steps, the passage path suitable for small wild animals to pass through can be generated more accurately, improving the utilization rate and ecological benefits of the corridor.

[0041] In some embodiments, the construction process of the terrain obstacle area in step S2 includes: 1) Designating the overall scope of the ecological corridor as the basic area; 2) Identifying non-traversable elements within the area, including road infrastructure, artificial building complexes, steep terrain areas, and water area boundaries; 3) Transforming each obstacle element into an independent enclosed area to form a composite terrain structure including inner and outer boundaries.

[0042] It should be noted that the construction of the topographic obstacle area is to clarify the areas that need to be avoided in the corridor design, so as to ensure that the corridor can effectively connect each habitat module without obstruction. Among them, delimiting the overall scope of the ecological corridor as the basic area means determining the general scope of the corridor design, which should include all the habitat modules to be connected and potential corridor paths. The non-traversable elements refer to those geographical elements that animals cannot pass through or have difficulty passing through, such as roads, buildings, steep terrains, and water boundaries. These elements need to be identified and transformed into independent enclosed areas in the corridor design, forming a composite topographic structure with inner and outer boundaries, so as to avoid these obstacles when designing the corridor.

[0043] Specifically, the overall scope of the ecological corridor refers to the geographical area covered by the corridor design, which can be determined according to the activity range of animals, the distribution of habitats, and the migration paths. For example, if the activity radius of the target species is 5 kilometers, then the overall scope of the ecological corridor can be a circular area centered on the habitat with a radius of 5 kilometers. The non-traversable elements include various geographical elements. Among them, road infrastructure refers to transportation facilities such as highways and railways, which usually pose physical obstacles to animals; artificial building complexes refer to buildings and industrial facilities in cities, and animals usually cannot pass through these areas; steep terrain areas refer to mountains or canyons with large slopes, and animals may have difficulty passing through due to limited climbing ability; water boundary lines refer to the boundaries of rivers, lakes and other waters, and animals may not be able to cross due to limited swimming ability. These elements need to be identified through Geographic Information System (GIS) data or on-site inspections, and transformed into independent enclosed areas, forming a composite topographic structure with inner and outer boundaries, so as to clearly avoid these obstacles in the corridor design.

[0044] Preferably, when implementing the construction of the topographic obstacle area, the operation steps can be further refined. First, the overall scope of the ecological corridor can be delimited through GIS software, inputting the activity radius of animals and the location data of habitats, and generating an area map containing all potential corridor paths. Second, use GIS data or satellite images to identify non-traversable elements. For example, identify steep terrain areas by analyzing terrain slope data, identify road infrastructure and artificial building complexes by land use data, and identify water boundary lines by water body distribution data. Then, transform these non-traversable elements into independent enclosed areas. Each obstacle area can be represented by drawing a polygon and setting its inner and outer boundaries. For example, for a highway, an area with a certain width on both sides can be delimited as a non-traversable area and boundary lines can be set. Through these refined operation steps, the topographic obstacle area can be constructed more accurately, providing a clear reference for the corridor design, ensuring that the corridor can effectively connect each habitat module while avoiding non-traversable obstacles.

[0045] In some embodiments, the specific process of terrain adaptability unit decomposition in step S3 includes: Step S301: Generate an initial decomposition axis along the main terrain feature line; Step S302: Dynamically adjust the axis direction based on the surface undulation data; Step S303: When encountering obstacle elements, adopt a fractal detour strategy to generate sub-modules; Step S304: Conduct terrain adaptability inspection on the sub-modules, and iteratively decompose the unqualified modules until the species activity requirements are met.

[0046] It should be noted that the terrain adaptability unit decomposition is to divide the complex terrain obstacle area into multiple habitat modules suitable for animal activities. This process analyzes the terrain characteristics and the behavioral requirements of animals to ensure that each module can meet the animal activity requirements. The main terrain feature line refers to the most representative line in the terrain, such as the ridge line of a mountain or the midline of a valley, which reflects the basic trend of the terrain. The initial decomposition axis is generated along the main terrain feature line and is a reference line for initially dividing the terrain unit. The surface undulation data refers to the elevation change data of the terrain, which is used to adjust the axis direction to adapt to the actual changes in the terrain. The fractal detour strategy is a strategy that simulates the natural terrain changes and is used to generate sub-modules when encountering obstacles to ensure the continuity and integrity of the module. The terrain adaptability inspection is to evaluate whether the module is suitable for animal activities through a series of criteria, and the unqualified modules need to be iteratively decomposed.

[0047] Specifically, the main terrain feature line can be extracted through the terrain analysis tool in the Geographic Information System (GIS) software. It is usually the ridge line or valley line of the terrain, reflecting the main trend of the terrain. The initial decomposition axis is generated based on the main terrain feature line and is a reference line for initially dividing the terrain unit. In actual operation, it can be generated through the linear interpolation tool in the GIS software. The surface undulation data refers to the elevation change data of the terrain, usually provided in the form of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). By analyzing the DEM data, the direction of the initial decomposition axis can be dynamically adjusted to make it more conform to the actual terrain. The fractal detour strategy is a strategy that simulates the natural terrain changes. When encountering obstacles, a detour path is generated through the fractal algorithm to form sub-modules. The fractal algorithm is a mathematical model based on self-similarity and can generate complex terrain structures. The terrain adaptability inspection criteria include parameters such as the maximum height difference, average slope, and edge complexity index within the module. These parameters can be calculated through the terrain analysis tool in the GIS software to ensure the terrain adaptability of the module.

[0048] Preferably, when implementing the terrain adaptability unit decomposition, the operation steps can be further refined. First, extract the main terrain feature lines through GIS software and generate the initial decomposition axis along this line. Second, use the DEM data to dynamically adjust the axis direction to ensure that the axis can adapt to the actual changes of the terrain. For example, if encountering a steep hillside, the bending degree of the axis can be adjusted to avoid the high slope area. When encountering obstacle elements such as rivers or buildings, a fractal detour strategy can be adopted to generate sub-modules.

[0049] Furthermore, a fractal algorithm can be used to generate the detour path and new sub-modules can be generated according to the path. For each sub-module, terrain adaptability tests need to be carried out. For example, the maximum height difference within the module should not exceed twice the vertical activity threshold of the animal, the average slope should be less than three-quarters of the maximum climbing slope of the animal, and the edge complexity index should be lower than the preset terrain curvature limit value. If a certain module does not meet the standard, iterative decomposition of this module is required until the activity requirements of the animal are met. Through these refined operation steps, the complex terrain obstacle area can be more effectively decomposed into multiple habitat modules suitable for animal activities, providing a scientific basis for the corridor design.

[0050] In some embodiments, the terrain adaptability test criteria include: Test criterion 1: The maximum height difference within the module does not exceed twice the vertical activity threshold of the species; Test criterion 2: The average slope within the module is less than three-quarters of the maximum climbing slope of the species; Test criterion 3: The edge complexity index of the module is lower than the preset terrain curvature limit value.

[0051] It should be noted that the terrain adaptability test criteria are a series of evaluation indicators set to ensure that the habitat modules can meet the activity requirements of small wild animals. These criteria start from the terrain features within the module and limit parameters such as the maximum height difference, average slope, and edge complexity index to ensure that the environment within the module is friendly and safe for animals. The maximum height difference within the module refers to the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point within the habitat module, which directly affects the climbing difficulty of animals. The average slope refers to the inclination degree of the overall terrain within the module, reflecting the slope challenges that animals may encounter when moving within the module. The edge complexity index is an indicator measuring the degree of terrain change at the edge of the module, which is related to the navigation and concealment needs of animals in the edge area.

[0052] Specifically, the maximum elevation difference within the module refers to the vertical distance between the highest and lowest points within the habitat module. This parameter can be calculated using the elevation analysis tool in Geographic Information System (GIS) software. For example, by extracting the elevation values of the highest and lowest points within the module from DEM data and then calculating the difference between the two. For small wild animals, this difference should not exceed twice their vertical activity threshold to ensure that the animals can move freely within the module without facing excessive climbing difficulties. The average slope refers to the degree of inclination of the overall terrain within the module, which can be calculated using the slope analysis tool in GIS software. The average slope should be less than three-quarters of the maximum climbing slope of the animal to ensure that the animal can move smoothly within the module without being hindered by too steep a slope. The edge complexity index is an indicator that measures the degree of terrain change at the module edge, which can be calculated by analyzing the terrain curvature at the module edge. For example, by using the terrain curvature analysis tool in GIS software to calculate the curvature change at the module edge and quantifying it as a complexity index. This index should be lower than the preset terrain curvature limit to ensure that the animals can navigate smoothly and find hiding places in the edge area.

[0053] Preferably, when implementing the terrain adaptability test, the operation steps can be further refined. First, use the elevation analysis tool in GIS software to extract the elevation values of the highest and lowest points within the habitat module and calculate the maximum elevation difference within the module. For example, if the vertical activity threshold of the target species is 5 meters, then the maximum elevation difference within the module should not exceed 10 meters. Second, calculate the average slope within the module using the slope analysis tool in GIS software. For example, if the maximum climbing slope of the animal is 30 degrees, then the average slope within the module should not exceed 22.5 degrees. Finally, calculate the edge complexity index of the module edge using the terrain curvature analysis tool. For example, if the preset terrain curvature limit is 0.5, then the edge complexity index of the module edge should be lower than this value. Through these specific calculation and evaluation steps, the terrain adaptability of the habitat module can be tested more accurately to ensure that each module can provide a suitable activity environment for small wild animals.

[0054] In some embodiments, the generation of the ecological corridor plan in step S5 includes: 1) Construct a spatial topological network, including two types of elements: main channel segments and connection segments; 2) The main channel segments extend equidistantly along the reference channel line according to the channel reference width; 3) The connection segments are constructed in one of the following forms according to the terrain features: Saddle connection: Set a buffer platform in the terrain transition area; Valley bottom connection: Set a raised channel along the watercourse line; Ridge connection: Set a broken line channel according to the contour distribution.

[0055] It should be noted that the generation of the ecological corridor plan is to integrate the passage networks of each habitat module to form a complete ecological corridor system. This process includes constructing a spatial topological network and selecting appropriate connection segment forms according to topographic features. Among them, the spatial topological network refers to the spatial structure of the passage network, which consists of main passage segments and connection segments. The main passage segment refers to the part of the passage that extends along the reference passage line, and its width extends equidistantly according to the reference width of the passage to ensure the continuity and traffic capacity of the passage. The connection segment is the passage connection part of different forms selected according to topographic features, such as saddle connection, valley bottom connection, and ridge connection. These connection segments are used to solve the connection problems caused by topographic changes and ensure the integrity of the passage network.

[0056] Specifically, the spatial topological network is a passage network structure composed of main passage segments and connection segments, which reflects the spatial layout and connection relationship of the passages. The main passage segment is the main part of the passage network, and its width extends equidistantly according to the reference width of the passage to ensure that the traffic capacity of the passage meets the needs of animals. The reference width of the passage is determined based on factors such as the maximum body width of animals, the width of the migration group, and the warning perception distance. The connection segment is the passage connection part of different forms selected according to topographic features. For example, the saddle connection is a buffer platform set in the terrain transition area to connect passage segments at different heights; the valley bottom connection is a raised passage set along the watercourse line to cross the water area; the ridge connection is a broken-line passage set according to the contour distribution to connect passage segments in the ridge terrain. The design of these connection segments needs to consider factors such as the elevation change, slope, and hydrological conditions of the terrain to ensure the feasibility and safety of the passage.

[0057] Preferably, when generating the ecological corridor plan, the operation steps can be further refined. First, use the Geographic Information System (GIS) software to construct the spatial topological network, input the reference width of the passage and the location data of the habitat module, and generate the main passage segment. Secondly, select appropriate connection segment forms according to topographic features. For example, for the saddle connection, the location of the saddle can be determined by analyzing the terrain elevation data, and a buffer platform with a width equal to the reference width of the passage can be set; for the valley bottom connection, the watercourse line can be determined by a hydrological analysis tool, and a raised passage can be set along the watercourse line. The raised height of the passage can be determined according to the depth of the watercourse and the wading ability of animals; for the ridge connection, the trend of the ridge can be determined by a contour analysis tool, and a broken-line passage can be set. The broken-line angle of the passage can be adjusted according to the slope of the ridge and the climbing ability of animals. Through these specific calculation and design steps, the ecological corridor plan can be generated more accurately, ensuring the integrity and adaptability of the passage network and providing a safe and continuous migration path for small wild animals.

[0058] In some embodiments, it further includes a passage optimization step: Optimization Step 1: Implement visibility analysis to remove redundant channel segments blocked by terrain; Optimization Step 2: Optimize the curvature of curved channel segments to ensure that the turning radius meets the turning requirements of species; Optimization Step 3: Set up a guiding sign area at key nodes, and its spatial scale is not less than three times the square of the reference width of the channel.

[0059] It should be noted that the channel optimization steps are to further enhance the practicality and functionality of the ecological corridor, ensuring that the channel can better meet the passage needs of small wild animals. Among them, visibility analysis is a method for evaluating the visibility of the channel. By analyzing the shielding effect of terrain and obstacles on the channel, redundant channel segments blocked by terrain are removed to reduce unnecessary channel construction. Curvature optimization is an adjustment for curved channel segments to ensure that the turning radius of the channel conforms to the turning ability of animals, avoiding animals being blocked in the channel due to too small a turning radius. The guiding sign area is an area set at key nodes to guide animals to pass through the channel smoothly. Its spatial scale is not less than three times the square of the reference width of the channel to ensure that the sign area has enough space to play a guiding role.

[0060] Specifically, visibility analysis is completed through the visibility analysis tool in the Geographic Information System (GIS) software. This tool can calculate the visible area range starting from a specific point based on terrain elevation data and the location of obstacles. In channel optimization, by analyzing the visibility along the channel, it is possible to identify which channel segments are blocked by terrain or other obstacles, thereby determining the redundant channel segments that need to be removed. Curvature optimization is an adjustment for the curved parts in the channel to ensure that the turning radius of the channel conforms to the turning ability of animals. This can be completed through the buffer analysis tool in GIS software. By setting an appropriate buffer radius, the curvature of the channel is adjusted. The guiding sign area is an area set at key nodes to guide animals to pass through the channel smoothly. Its spatial scale is not less than three times the square of the reference width of the channel. This parameter is determined based on the visual range and behavioral habits of animals to ensure that the sign area has enough space to attract the attention of animals and guide their passage.

[0061] Preferably, when implementing the channel optimization step, the operation steps can be further refined. First, using the visibility analysis tool in GIS software, input the terrain elevation data and obstacle location data along the channel, and calculate the visibility range of each channel segment. For those channel segments with blocked visibility, they can be removed or adjusted to reduce redundancy. Second, for curved channel segments, by using the buffer analysis tool in GIS software, set an appropriate buffer radius to adjust the curvature of the channel and ensure that the turning radius meets the turning ability of the animals. Finally, when setting the guiding sign area at key nodes, the specific location and size of the sign area can be determined according to the visual range and behavior habits of the animals. For example, if the reference width of the channel is 3 meters, then the spatial scale of the guiding sign area should be no less than 27 square meters, 3 meters × 3 meters × 3 meters. Through these specific calculation and design steps, the channel can be optimized more effectively to ensure that it can better meet the passage needs of small wild animals and improve the overall efficiency of the ecological corridor.

[0062] The above embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: This method can accurately calculate the reference width of the channel based on the biological characteristics and behavior patterns of the target species. By converting geographical elements into terrain obstacle areas and performing intelligent decomposition, a network of habitat modules that meets the animal activity requirements can be generated. By establishing the minimum ecological cost connection path and optimizing the channel layout, the safety and continuity of wild animal migration can be ensured, while taking into account terrain adaptability and ecological concealment requirements. In addition, this method can dynamically adjust the channel design to match different terrain conditions, such as the connection methods of saddles, valley bottoms, and ridges, and improve the practicality of the channel through visibility analysis and curvature optimization. By setting the guiding sign area and optimizing key nodes, the animal passage efficiency can be further improved, and finally a scientific, reasonable, and highly operable ecological corridor plan can be formed, effectively promoting habitat connectivity and species protection.

[0063] Furthermore, the storage medium of the implementation mode of the present application stores program instructions capable of implementing all the above methods. Among them, the program instructions can be stored in the above storage medium in the form of a software product, including several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or a processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various implementation modes of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memories (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disks, or optical discs, or terminal devices such as computers, servers, mobile phones, and tablets.

[0064] The above description is only some preferred embodiments of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles applied. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above technical features, and should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the above inventive concept. For example, the technical solutions formed by mutually replacing the above features with the technical features (but not limited to) disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention that have similar functions.

Claims

1. A method for generating a passage design scheme for small wild animals, characterized in that, Including: Step S1: Determine the benchmark width of the passage based on the animal behavior model; Comprehensively determine the benchmark width of the passage according to the biological parameters, activity radius threshold and migration path characteristics of the target species to meet the passage needs of the species and adapt to the terrain; Step S2: Convert the geographical elements of the target area into terrain obstacle areas; Step S3: Decompose the obstacle area through terrain adaptation units to generate multiple habitat modules; Step S4: Establish the topological connection relationship of the habitat modules, and generate a benchmark passage line with a unified direction within each module, and the distance between the benchmark passage lines is the benchmark width of the passage determined in Step S1; Step S5: Integrate the passage networks of each habitat module to form a complete ecological corridor plan.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The benchmark width of the passage meets the following biological constraint conditions: Constraint 1: The width of the passage is not less than three times the maximum body width of the target species; Constraint 2: The width of the passage is not less than twice the migration width of the typical group; Constraint 3: The width of the passage does not exceed 80% of the species' warning perception distance.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein Step S4 includes: Step S401: Construct an adjacency relationship graph of the habitat modules, and generate a minimum ecological cost tree through terrain barrier degree calculation; Step S402: Based on the minimum ecological cost tree, establish a module connection sequence, and use a bidirectional search algorithm to generate a connection path to ensure that the path slope meets the species' movement ability requirements.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The terrain barrier degree calculation includes: 1) Extract the elevation data of the transition zone between modules, and calculate the average slope value and the maximum height difference; 2) Obtain the human activity intensity index of the transition zone, and comprehensively calculate the slope influence factor and the human disturbance factor through a weighted calculation method; 3) When there is a water body barrier, add a correction term for the ratio of the water body width to the species' wading depth.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The path evaluation criteria of the bidirectional search algorithm include: Spatial cost term: The ratio of the path length to the benchmark width of the passage; Terrain cost term: The ratio of the cumulative elevation change to the species' vertical activity ability; Ecological cost term: The matching degree of the vegetation coverage and the species' concealment requirements.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The construction process of the terrain obstacle area in Step S2 includes: 1) Demarcate the overall scope of the ecological corridor as the basic area; 2) Identify the non-traversable elements in the area, including road infrastructure, artificial building complexes, steep terrain areas, water area boundary lines; 3) Convert each obstacle element into an independent closed area to form a composite terrain structure including inner and outer boundaries.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific process of terrain adaptation unit decomposition in Step S3 includes: Step S301: Generate an initial decomposition axis along the main terrain feature line; Step S302: Dynamically adjust the axis direction based on the surface undulation data; Step S303: When encountering obstacle elements, adopt a fractal bypass strategy to generate sub-modules; Step S304: Conduct terrain adaptation inspection on the sub-modules, and iteratively decompose the unqualified modules until the species' activity requirements are met.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The terrain adaptation inspection criteria include: Inspection criterion 1: The maximum height difference within the module does not exceed twice the species' vertical activity threshold; Inspection criterion 2: The average slope within the module is less than three-quarters of the species' maximum climbing slope; Inspection criterion 3: The complexity index of the module edge is lower than the preset terrain curvature limit value.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein The generation of the ecological corridor plan in Step S5 includes: 1) Construct a spatial topological network, including two types of elements: main channel segments and connection segments; 2) The main channel segments extend equidistantly along the reference channel line according to the channel reference width; 3) The connection segments are constructed in one of the following forms according to the terrain features: Saddle connection: Set a buffer platform in the terrain transition area; Valley bottom connection: Set a raised channel along the watercourse line; Ridge connection: Set a polyline channel according to the contour distribution.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein It also includes a channel optimization step: Optimization step one: Implement a visibility analysis and remove redundant channel segments obscured by the terrain; Optimization step two: Optimize the curvature of the curved channel segments to ensure that the turning radius meets the turning requirements of the species; Optimization step three: Set a guiding sign area at the key nodes, and its spatial scale is not less than three times the square of the channel reference width.

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