River and lake ecosystem health management diagnosis method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to a river and lake ecosystem health management diagnosis method and system, and belongs to the technical field of water ecological management. The method comprises the steps of data acquisition, river and lake health condition calculation, monitoring index abnormity alarm, supervisor management, governance technology library construction and river and lake ecological health monitoring and early warning. The system comprises a data acquisition system, a monitoring display system, a supervisor management system, a treatment technology library system, a repair tracking management system, a monitoring and early warning system and a diagnostic analysis system. According to the invention, multi-source data can be integrated, visual display and deep analysis of complex data are realized, and intelligent decision support is provided for managers. Meanwhile, by formulating a unified technical standard, data islands are broken, interconnection and open sharing of water environment data are promoted, and favorable conditions are created for further analysis and application of water environment big data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and system for diagnosing the health management of river and lake ecosystems, belonging to the technical field of water ecological management. Background Art

[0002] Water is a controlling factor of the ecological environment. As the carrier of water resources, the health status of rivers and lakes is directly related to the effectiveness of ecological civilization construction. Rivers, as a key link in the earth's water cycle, carry irreplaceable ecological, environmental, and social service functions. However, with the intensification of human activities, river ecosystems are facing severe challenges, and their ecological, environmental, and social service functions are declining day by day. Therefore, studying and managing the health of river and lake ecosystems has become an important issue in the field of ecological environment and global sustainable development. In order to accurately grasp the health status of rivers and lakes, analyze and solve problems in a timely manner, China has actively promoted the work of river and lake health assessment and improved the level of water conservancy informatization with the help of new generation information technology. However, the current information systems in the field of water environment still have problems such as single function and data islands, and it is difficult to meet the needs of managers for multi-source data integration, complex data visualization, analysis of internal data relationships, and intelligent decision-making support. In view of the above problems, it is particularly important to develop a comprehensive digital river and lake health governance and management diagnosis information platform. At present, the industry has not yet established the sharing and circulation of this data to achieve comprehensive diagnosis and collation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above existing problems, the present invention discloses a method and system for diagnosing the health management of river and lake ecosystems, and the specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0004] A method for diagnosing the health management of river and lake ecosystems includes the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Collect data: Collect data on hydrology, water quality, sediment, morphological structure, organisms, and social service functions through a collector;

[0006] Step 2: Calculate the health status of rivers and lakes: First, calculate the score for the good ecological status according to formula (1), and then calculate the river and lake health status score according to formulas (2) and (3).

[0007] RES i =HDS i ×HDW+WQS i ×WQW+PHS i ×PHW+AFS i ×AFW (1)

[0008] In the formula, RES i represents the score for the good ecological status of the i-th evaluated river section, evaluated lake area, or evaluated reservoir area; HDS irepresents the score of the hydrological integrity sub-criteria layer of the i-th assessed river section, assessed lake area or assessed reservoir area; HDW represents the weight of the hydrological integrity sub-criteria layer; WQS i represents the chemical integrity sub-criteria layer score of the i-th assessed river section, assessed lake area or assessed reservoir area; WQW represents the chemical integrity sub-criteria layer weight; PHS i represents the sub-criteria layer score of the morphological structure integrity of the i-th assessed river section, assessed lake area or assessed reservoir area; PHW represents the sub-criteria layer weight of the morphological structure integrity; AFS i It represents the sub-criterion layer score of the biological integrity of the i-th assessed river section, lake area or reservoir area; AFW represents the sub-criterion layer weight of the biological integrity;

[0009]

[0010] RHS i =RES i ×REW+RSS i ×RSW (3)

[0011] In the formula, RHS represents the health status score of rivers and lakes; RHS i W represents the health status score of the i-th assessed river section, lake area or reservoir area; i represents the length of the river in the i-th assessment river section, the surface area of ​​the i-th assessment lake area, or the water storage capacity of the i-th assessment reservoir area; R s Indicates the number of assessed river sections, assessed lake areas or assessed reservoir areas;

[0012] RES i represents the score of the good ecological status of the i-th assessed river section, lake area or reservoir area; REW represents the weight of the good ecological status; RSS i It indicates the score of the good function status of the i-th assessed river section, assessed lake area or assessed reservoir area; RSW indicates the good function status weight;

[0013] Step 3: Monitoring indicators abnormal alarm: abnormal alarm information includes hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological structure integrity, biological integrity and social service function sustainability, a total of five indicators. If the value of any single indicator is lower than 60 points, an alarm will be issued. Each alarm is linked to specific treatment measures. When the monitoring data changes to the normal health value range, the alarm will be lifted;

[0014] Step 4: Supervisory personnel management: Prepare a duty calendar based on the shift model, personnel management, department structure, role allocation, and job level management. During the duty execution phase, record the duty performance of the duty personnel in real time to form duty records and work logs;

[0015] Step 5: Construct a governance technology library: The types of the governance technology library cover point source pollution control technologies, comprehensive improvement of non-point source pollution, restoration and construction of river basin ecological circles, optimization of river and lake habitats and guarantee of drinking water source safety, as well as management technologies, jointly forming a set of common technology systems. By evaluating the types, technical principles, methods, parameters, applicable scopes and technical economy of governance technologies and engineering measures, a dedicated technology library for river and lake health is constructed;

[0016] Step 6: Monitoring and early warning of river and lake ecological health: Real-time evaluate the health status of river and lake ecosystems and give early warnings of potential risks in real time.

[0017] Furthermore, in the collector in Step 1, it includes monitoring stations, data recorders and various sensors. The sensors include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors and optoelectronic sensors, which monitor the physical parameters and chemical parameters of rivers and lakes. The physical parameters include water level, water intake, flow velocity, flow rate, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, river and lake area, bank slope inclination, vegetation coverage and sewage outlet location. The chemical parameters include pH, chlorophyll a, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, transparency, permanganate value, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity and algae density;

[0018] Among them, water level, water intake, flow velocity, flow rate, temperature, wind speed and wind direction are hydrological data;

[0019] River and lake area, bank slope inclination, vegetation coverage and sewage outlet location are morphological structure data;

[0020] pH, chlorophyll a, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, transparency, permanganate value, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity and algae density are water quality data;

[0021] The sediment data is obtained by analyzing sediment samples, including conventional pollutant indicators of heavy metals, organic pollutants and nutrients;

[0022] The biological data includes survey data of zooplankton, macrophytes, benthic invertebrates and fish;

[0023] The social service function data includes public satisfaction, passing rate of flood control projects and guarantee rate of water supply projects.

[0024] A system for implementing the above-mentioned method for diagnosing the health management of river and lake ecosystems, using Java and JavaScript, realizes functions of multi-protocol device access, data collection, monitoring and analysis, prediction and alarm, and personnel management, including a data collection system, a monitoring and display system, a supervision personnel management system, a governance technology library system, a restoration tracking management system, a monitoring and early warning system and a diagnosis and analysis system;

[0025] The data acquisition system integrates device collectors supporting multiple protocols such as MQTT, OPC, Modbus, and TCP, and realizes the flexible access of multiple-protocol devices at the edge end and data acquisition through driver management, driver attribute management, tag attribute management, template management, tag management, driver configuration, and tag configuration;

[0026] The monitoring and display system presents the results of lake and river health monitoring through a large-screen interface, visually and visually displays health data, and displays the obtained health anomaly warning information;

[0027] The regulatory personnel management system integrates personnel management, departmental structure, role assignment, and job level management, and realizes the comprehensive registration of personnel information and refined role division;

[0028] The governance technology library system manages lake and river health indicators and monitors and alarms abnormal monitoring indicators;

[0029] The restoration tracking management system comprehensively monitors and manages the health restoration process of the lake and river ecosystem;

[0030] The monitoring and early warning system real-time evaluates the health status of the lake and river ecosystem and potential risk early warning. Based on the lake and river health diagnosis results, it executes health monitoring tasks, and issues early warnings for monitoring indicators below the ecological baseline. It seamlessly connects to the governance technology library system, intelligently recommends governance technologies, and assists in formulating and implementing targeted lake and river renovation strategies;

[0031] The diagnosis and analysis system constructs and manages the comprehensive evaluation index system of lake and river terminals based on the real-time status data of the data acquisition system, diagnoses the final results, draws different display effect diagrams and displays them on the interface of the lake and river ecological environment monitoring and display system according to the specific conditions and evaluation situations of different lakes and rivers, displays the core status data in the effect area, and can click on the corresponding indicators to view.

[0032] Furthermore, the display of the health data includes the display of temperature and pH monitoring data, oxygen and permanganate index display, phosphorus and nitrogen index display, water quality and electrolyte index display, rainfall and water level index display, wind field index display, lake and river monitoring comprehensive evaluation index display, lake and river sub-criterion layer scoring index display, lake and river health index scoring index display, lake and river eutrophication score index display, lake and river water quality index display, and the display of the lake and river video monitoring area;

[0033] The display of the temperature and pH monitoring data, oxygen and permanganate index, phosphorus and nitrogen index, water quality and electrolyte index, rainfall and water level index, wind field index, and lake and river water quality index uses a line chart to display the data over a period of time;

[0034] The display of the lake and river monitoring comprehensive evaluation index uses a percentage-based scoring bar for display;

[0035] The scoring indicators of the river and lake sub-criterion layer are presented using a radar chart, including hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological structure integrity, biological integrity, and social service function sustainability;

[0036] The scoring indicators of the river and lake health indicators are presented using a radar chart, including water resource development and utilization rate, degree of variation in flow process, degree of satisfaction with the lowest ecological water level, water quality, water quality compliance status of drinking water source areas, sediment pollution status, water function area compliance rate, river longitudinal connectivity index, river and lake bank stability, vegetation coverage of river and lake banks, rationality of the layout of sewage outlets, degree of artificial interference in river and lake banks, coverage of large aquatic plants, biological integrity index of large benthic invertebrates, fish retention index, public satisfaction, flood control indicators, and water supply indicators;

[0037] The scoring indicators of river and lake eutrophication are presented using a meter chart;

[0038] The display of the river and lake video monitoring area includes tributaries flowing into the lake, algae monitoring, water quality monitoring, biological protection, and sightseeing tourism. The display of the river and lake video monitoring area is presented in the form of video clips, and there is a detailed description of the corresponding video below the video;

[0039] Among the five indicators of hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological structure integrity, biological integrity, and social service function sustainability, if any single indicator value is lower than 60 points, an alarm will be issued. The form of the alarm and the specific content will display the specific indicator where the alarm occurs and the indicator value that generates the alarm. The alarm information has a hyperlink function. By clicking on the alarm information, it will jump to the specific alarm information list page. Clicking on the "Handling Measures" link in the handling measures operation column of the list page will pop up specific handling measure suggestions. The handling measures are divided into primary handling measures and secondary handling measures. The managers of rivers and lakes will take corresponding improvement measures for the actual river channels based on the handling measures recommended by the system; when the alarm platform takes corresponding handling measures and the monitoring data changes to within the normal healthy value range, the monitoring analysis and monitoring alarm systems will respectively eliminate the alarm information and synchronize the status to the large-screen display system;

[0040] The monitoring and display system collects river and lake water quality and health data through integrated cooperation with the data acquisition system, that is, data collection is carried out through the data acquisition system, and data can also be imported through excel. The intuitive data display and statistical analysis of the report enhance transparency and are available for modification, including alarm information such as the name of the alarm indicator, indicator value, and warning generation time, as well as corresponding handling measures, and can also export excel files.

[0041] Furthermore, the supervisor management system automatically generates a shift schedule according to the preset shift pattern through the shift setting mechanism, and prepares a detailed duty calendar accordingly;

[0042] During the duty execution stage, the platform can record the performance of duty personnel in real time, automatically generate duty records and work logs, providing solid data support for the on-site digital management of river channels and lake channels, improving management transparency, and serving as an important basis for performance evaluation and responsibility tracing;

[0043] The supervisor management system has a high degree of scalability and customization capabilities. According to the specific requirements of different regions and departments, the functional modules and business processes can be adjusted to adapt to the complex and changeable management environment of river channels and lake channels.

[0044] Furthermore, relying on the water environment mathematical model, the governance technology library system constructs a river and lake health diagnosis platform, real-time monitors the river and lake health index data, issues immediate warnings for exceeding standards or limits, and traces and analyzes water body problems such as eutrophication, water quality exceeding standards, water level exceeding limits, and illegal discharge of wastewater;

[0045] The corresponding technical methods in the technology library called by the governance technology library system platform include primary technology and secondary technology;

[0046] The primary technology provides governance strategies for the sub-criterion layer, while the secondary technology formulates governance plans for the specific indicator layer. After the governance implementation, the river and lake health status will be re-evaluated to ensure the restoration effect;

[0047] The governance technology library system focuses on the operation and maintenance and protection management of the river and lake management and protection system, covering four dimensions: factories, pipe networks, rivers and lakes, and cities.

[0048] Furthermore, the restoration tracking management system includes the following professional functional modules:

[0049] (1) Integration of data from the river and lake health diagnosis platform, which is used to seamlessly connect and integrate the core data of the river and lake health diagnosis platform to ensure the continuity and accuracy of ecological health assessment;

[0050] (2) Display on the health monitoring large screen, which uses advanced data visualization technology to construct a high-definition large screen display interface, intuitively display the key indicators and real-time status of river and lake health monitoring, and provide an immediate and comprehensive overview of ecological information;

[0051] (3) Health data management system, which is used to collect, process, store, and analyze various health data of the river and lake ecosystem by constructing a professional data management system;

[0052] The various health data include indicators of water quality, ecological community structure, and biodiversity, ensuring the integrity, accuracy, and traceability of the data;

[0053] (4) Refined management of water quality data for precisely monitoring water quality parameters, and the refined management of water quality data uses scientific algorithms for water quality assessment and prediction;

[0054] The water quality parameters include indicators of dissolved oxygen, pH value, and nutrient salt concentration;

[0055] (5) Alarm management mechanism, by establishing an efficient alarm trigger and response process, for automatically triggering alarms for health indicators whose monitored values are lower than the preset standards, and timely notifying relevant personnel through multiple channels;

[0056] The multiple channels include text messages, emails, and system notifications;

[0057] (6) Repair tracking management, for formulating and implementing targeted ecological restoration measures for alarm events, while establishing a repair progress tracking and effect evaluation mechanism and continuously recording key information on the repair process;

[0058] The repair progress tracking includes the names of rivers and lakes, information on the repaired section address, information on the reasons for health anomalies, information on the repair person in charge, information on the repair time, information on the repair cost, repair instructions, and repair records;

[0059] The key information continuously recording the repair process includes repair measures, implementation time, resource input, and repair effects.

[0060] Furthermore, the monitoring and early warning system performs the following operations:

[0061] (1) High-precision monitoring and visualization display of river and lake ecological health data, realizing high-frequency collection and real-time analysis of multi-dimensional health data of river and lake ecosystems, and intuitively displaying the monitoring results in the form of professional charts and maps to provide a comprehensive view of the ecological health status;

[0062] (2) Intelligent early warning management for abnormal river and lake health indicators. Based on the preset ecological health standards and thresholds, the system automatically identifies abnormal indicators in the monitoring data, analyzes the causes and potential impacts of the anomalies through algorithm models, and timely sends early warning information;

[0063] (3) Intelligent recommendation and reminder of river and lake abnormal indicator treatment technologies. By integrating rich resources in the river and lake treatment technology library, the system intelligently matches and recommends suitable treatment technologies and solutions for the warned abnormal indicators, and at the same time reminds the manager to pay attention and take corresponding measures through the notification system;

[0064] (4) Feedback and evaluation system for the treatment effect of abnormal indicators. By establishing a treatment effect tracking mechanism, it is used to monitor the river and lake health indicators after implementing treatment measures, evaluate the treatment effectiveness, and systematically record and analyze the data comparison before and after treatment, the implementation situation of treatment measures, and the feedback information on the effect.

[0065] Furthermore, the diagnostic analysis system is used to construct and manage the comprehensive evaluation index system of river and lake terminals based on the real-time status data of the data acquisition system. The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0066] (1) Maintenance and management of the river and lake ecological index system, which is used to refine the definition, classification, and dynamic adjustment of ecological health indicators related to the dimensions of water quality, hydrology, biology, morphological structure, and social service functions;

[0067] (2) Integration and fusion of indicators and monitoring data, which is used for seamless docking and integration of the real-time and historical river and lake status data reported by the data acquisition system with the preset index system;

[0068] (3) Construction and maintenance of the index evaluation rule system, which is used to construct and maintain a scientific and reasonable index evaluation rule system, including evaluation criteria, weight distribution, and calculation methods;

[0069] (4) Definition and management of data of collection devices, which is used to uniformly standardize and manage the data formats, collection frequencies, and transmission protocols of various ecological monitoring devices;

[0070] (5) Automatic processing of the index evaluation and scoring mechanism, which automatically quantifies and scores each index based on the preset evaluation rules, and calculates the comprehensive health index of the river and lake ecosystem through an algorithm model;

[0071] (6) Multi-dimensional health diagnosis and analysis, which starts from multiple criterion layers of hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological structure integrity, biological integrity, and social service function sustainability, and is used to deeply analyze and comprehensively diagnose different levels of the river and lake ecosystem, providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted ecological protection and restoration strategies.

[0072] (7) Construct a river and lake health evaluation system according to the water system characteristics of the basin and region.

[0073] Furthermore, the construction of the river and lake health evaluation system includes the following steps:

[0074] a Use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the subjective weight. The AHP method is based on expert experience and professional knowledge to subjectively judge the relative importance of indicators. The determination of the subjective weight first considers hydrology, water quality, ecology, and service functions in combination with the natural environmental conditions of the lake, determines the index hierarchy and index system, and then uses the 1-9 ratio scale method to make mutual judgment and comparison to establish a judgment matrix. Through matrix operations, calculate the maximum eigenvalue and eigenvector, and conduct a consistency test. If C R <0.1, then the test is passed, and the eigenvalue is the objective weight P of the evaluation index jThe calculation formula is as follows:

[0075] C1 = (λ max -n) / (n - 1)

[0076] C R = C1 / R1

[0077] Where: λ max is the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix; C1 and R1 are random consistency indicators; C R is the average random consistency ratio; the values of R1 for matrices of order 1 - 9 are 0, 0, 0.58, 0.9, 1.12, 1.24, 1.34, 1.41, 1.45 respectively;

[0078] b Use the entropy weight method to determine the objective weight. The entropy weight method objectively reflects the weight of each indicator in the evaluation system based on the degree of variation of the data itself. To determine the objective weight, first, it is necessary to construct an evaluation index matrix A = (x ij ) m×n , then calculate the index characteristic ratio r ij , then calculate the information entropy S ij of the j - th indicator according to the characteristic ratio r j , and finally calculate the corresponding index weight V j . The calculation formula is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Where: r ij is the characteristic ratio of the evaluation index matrix; S j is the evaluation index information entropy; v j is the objective weight of the evaluation index;

[0081] c The AHP - entropy weight method to determine the comprehensive weight is to calculate the comprehensive weight using the multiplicative normalization method after determining the subjective weight and objective weight of the evaluation indicators. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0082]

[0083] Where: a j is the comprehensive weight determined by the AHP - entropy weight method; v j is the objective weight of the evaluation index, and P j is the subjective weight of the evaluation index.

[0084] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0085] The present invention can integrate multi-source data, realize the visual display and in-depth analysis of complex data, and provide intelligent decision-making support for managers. At the same time, by formulating unified technical standards, data islands are broken, promoting the interconnection, openness, and sharing of water environment data, and creating favorable conditions for the further analysis and application of water environment big data. The platform should be able to intuitively display river and lake health data by integrating cutting-edge technologies and data analysis, reducing the pressure of traditional management. The core of the platform should cover three major modules: the data acquisition system comprehensively collects ecological health data; the monitoring and display system dynamically monitors environmental changes; the supervision personnel management system improves management efficiency and decision-making support. This platform will break data islands, promote data sharing, provide strong support for building a healthy, beautiful, and harmonious river and lake ecosystem, and promote the synchronous improvement of water conservancy informatization and water environment governance capabilities. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0086] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of the present invention,

[0087] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the data acquisition system of the present invention,

[0088] Figure 3 is a schematic flowchart of the comprehensive evaluation index system of the present invention,

[0089] Figure 4 is a bar chart with a 100-point scoring system and a radar chart showing the results of the river and lake health assessment in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0090] The present invention will be further clarified below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0091] Combined with the attached Figure 1 It can be seen that the method process of the present invention is as follows: The data acquisition system collects data in chronological order, stores the data in the database, and displays it on the large screen in real time. Through the core calculation process and index comparison, the health status of the river and lake is diagnosed, realizing the health detection and early warning of the river and lake. When the detection value is lower than the river and lake standard level, an abnormal alarm is issued, and the corresponding staff processes the alarm. The system prompts the corresponding processing strategy. The ecological health restoration tracking management records the whole process of the alarm and the processing. When the detection value returns to the normal index range, the alarm is eliminated, and the large screen synchronously displays the real-time detection status and data, forming a closed loop.

[0092] Combined with the attached Figure 2It can be seen that the data acquisition system of the present invention collects data through a collector and supports device collectors of multiple protocols such as MQTT, OPC, Modbus, TCP, etc. It realizes flexible access of multiple protocol devices at the edge and realizes data collection through driver management, driver attribute management, bit number attribute management, template management, bit number management, driver configuration, and bit number configuration.

[0093] Combined with Figure 3 It can be seen that when the present invention is applied specifically, the first step is real-time monitoring of data, followed by data evaluation, data diagnosis, and finally providing maintenance suggestions, thereby achieving maintenance in four dimensions: factories, pipelines, rivers and lakes, and cities. It has a wide coverage and can be selected for use according to actual applications.

[0094] The following specifically describes the execution process of the present invention:

[0095] 1. Data Acquisition System

[0096] (1) The data collector includes monitoring stations, data loggers and various sensors (such as temperature, humidity, pressure and photoelectric sensors). The sensors include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors and photoelectric sensors, which can accurately monitor the physical (water level, water intake, flow rate, flow, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, river and lake area, bank slope, vegetation coverage, sewage outlet location, etc.) and chemical (pH, chlorophyll a, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, transparency, permanganate value, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, algae density, etc.) parameters of rivers and lakes, and comprehensively cover multiple dimensions such as hydrology, water quality, bottom quality, morphological structure, biological integrity and social service functions.

[0097] Verification and evaluation of results: Compare and verify the remote sensing monitoring results with field survey data, historical data or other reliable data sources to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring results. If large errors are found, it is necessary to return to check each link in the data processing and analysis process and make necessary corrections and improvements. The sensor gateway serves as a key hub, summarizing data from various sensors and securely transmitting it to the data processing center - the river and lake health monitoring display system.

[0098] (3) The application layer, as the core interface for data processing and user interaction, integrates data storage, management, analysis and visualization functions. Furthermore, the input data includes physical (water level, water intake, flow rate, flow, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, river and lake area, bank slope, vegetation coverage, sewage outlet location, etc.) and chemical (pH, chlorophyll a, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, transparency, permanganate value, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, algae density, etc.) indicators, which are collected and obtained through two methods: system integration and manual entry, and parameters are obtained for in-depth processing and analysis, including physical and chemical parameters;

[0099] 1. System integration is to obtain data from the health data collection system in real time during system integration, and manual entry is to enter data directly from the system interface through the new button during manual entry;

[0100] 2. The collected data is further processed and analyzed by the monitoring and display system, and converted into an assessment report on the health status of rivers and lakes, and finally displayed intuitively on the health management and diagnosis platform, which is convenient for real-time monitoring and decision support; further, the lake ecosystem health management and diagnosis software interacts with the cloud platform database through the GETHTTP method, and uses JAVA scripts for hybrid programming, realizing comprehensive data collection, processing, analysis and visualization of water environment monitoring, enabling users to remotely grasp the dynamics of the water environment;

[0101] (4) Using the obtained river and lake ecological health data, calculate the good ecological status and good functional status. The evaluation indicators of good ecological status include hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological structure integrity and biological integrity. The evaluation indicators of good functional status include the sustainability of social service functions.

[0102] (5) The health status of rivers and lakes is calculated by combining good ecological status and good functional status;

[0103] The river and lake health assessment adopts a graded indicator scoring method, with weighting applied at each level and a comprehensive score calculation. The weighted distances of the target layer, criterion layer, and sub-criterion layer are shown in Table 1.

[0104] Table 1 Weighting table for target layer and criterion layer of river and lake health assessment

[0105]

[0106] The scoring requirements for assessing the health status of a river section or lake (reservoir) area are as follows:

[0107] a) The scoring values ​​for the indicators of the assessed river section or lake (reservoir) area should be calculated based on the representative value of the assessed river section or lake (reservoir) area and in accordance with the assessment methods and standards specified in this standard.

[0108] b) Calculate the sub-criteria layer score of the assessed river section or lake (reservoir) area according to the weight of the assessment index in the sub-criteria layer. The weight of the assessment index in the sub-criteria layer can be determined according to the actual situation. The weight of the basic index should be higher than the weight of the alternative index and the self-selected index. For the chemical integrity sub-criteria layer and the biological integrity sub-criteria layer, the sub-criteria layer score can be determined according to the minimum score method.

[0109] c) The points for evaluating the ecological status of a river section or lake (reservoir) area are calculated according to the following formula;

[0110] RES i =HDS i ×HDW+WQSi ×WQW + PHS i ×PHW + AFS i ×AFW

[0111] Where: RES i : Score for the good ecological condition of the i-th evaluated river section or lake (reservoir) area;

[0112] HDS i : Scoreless for the hydrological integrity sub-criterion of the i-th evaluated river section or lake (reservoir) area;

[0113] HDW: Weight of the hydrological integrity sub-criterion layer;

[0114] WQS i : Score for the chemical integrity sub-criterion layer of the i-th evaluated river section or lake (reservoir) area;

[0115] WQW: Weight of the chemical integrity sub-criterion layer;

[0116] PHS i : Score for the morphological structure integrity sub-criterion layer of the i-th evaluated river section or lake (reservoir) area;

[0117] PHW: Weight of the morphological structure integrity sub-criterion layer;

[0118] AFS i : Score for the biological integrity sub-criterion of the i-th evaluated river section or lake (reservoir) area;

[0119] AFW: Weight of the biological integrity sub-criterion layer.

[0120] d) The score for the health of the evaluated river section or lake (reservoir) area is calculated according to the following formula.

[0121] RHS i = RES i ×REW + RSS i ×RSW

[0122] Where: RHS i : Score for the health of the i-th evaluated river section or lake (reservoir) area;

[0123] RES i : Score for the good ecological condition of the i-th evaluated river section or lake (reservoir) area;

[0124] REW: Weight of the good ecological condition;

[0125] RSS i : Score for the good functional condition of the i-th evaluated river section or lake (reservoir) area;

[0126] RSW: Weight of the good functional condition;

[0127] For rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, the river chief, lake water surface area, and reservoir water storage volume are used as weights respectively, and the health scores of rivers and lakes are calculated according to the following formula.

[0128]

[0129] In the formula: RHS: Health score of rivers and lakes;

[0130] RHS i : Health score of the i-th evaluated river section or evaluated lake (reservoir) area;

[0131] W i : River length of the i-th evaluated river section, km, or water surface area of the i-th evaluated lake area, km 2 ; or water storage volume of the i-th evaluated reservoir area, 10,000 m 3 ;

[0132] R s : Number of evaluated river sections, or number of evaluated lake (reservoir) areas.

[0133] The results of the river and lake health assessment are presented in the form of a percentage scoring bar and a radar chart. See Figure 4 .

[0134] Through video stream data, satellite image data, measured water body data, and survey and statistical data, data on multiple aspects such as water supply volume, runoff, water level, nutrient salt concentration, bottom quality, functional area compliance rate, connectivity index, bank slope stability, plant coverage, plankton, aquatic animals and plants, fish retention index, public satisfaction, flood control ability, and water supply guarantee are collected and monitored. Prepare for the subsequent comprehensive assessment of the health status of the river and lake ecosystem and its social service functions.

[0135] II. River and lake ecological environment monitoring and display system. The river and lake ecological environment monitoring and display system uses a large screen interface to efficiently present the results of river and lake health monitoring and visually display health data;

[0136] (1) The display of health data includes the display of temperature and pH monitoring data, the display of oxygen and permanganate index, the display of phosphorus and nitrogen index, the display of water quality and electrolyte index, the display of rainfall and water level index, the display of wind field (wind speed and wind force) index, the display of comprehensive assessment index of river and lake monitoring, the display of sub-criterion layer scoring index of river and lake, the display of river and lake health index scoring index, the display of eutrophication score index of river and lake, the display of water quality index of river and lake, and the display of river and lake video monitoring area;

[0137] The display of temperature and pH monitoring data, oxygen and permanganate index, phosphorus (total phosphorus) and nitrogen (total nitrogen) index, water quality and electrolyte index, rainfall and water level index, wind field (wind speed and wind force) index, and river and lake water quality index (chlorophyll a and turbidity) uses line charts to display data over a period of time;

[0138] The display of the comprehensive evaluation index for river and lake monitoring uses a percentage scoring bar, and the scoring range is 0 - 100;

[0139] The scoring indicators for the sub - criteria layer of rivers and lakes are displayed using a radar chart, including hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological structure integrity, biological integrity, and the sustainability of social service functions. The scoring range for each indicator is 0 - 100;

[0140] The scoring indicators for river and lake health indicators are displayed using a radar chart, including the water resource development and utilization rate, the degree of variation in the flow process, the satisfaction degree of the lowest ecological water level, the quality of water, the compliance status of drinking water source water quality, the sediment pollution status, the compliance rate of water function areas, the longitudinal connectivity index of rivers, the stability of river and lake banks, the vegetation coverage of river and lake banks, the rationality of the layout of sewage outfalls, the degree of artificial interference in river and lake banks, the coverage of large aquatic plants, the biological integrity index of large benthic invertebrates, the fish retention index, public satisfaction, flood control indicators, and water supply indicators. The scoring range for each indicator is 0 - 100;

[0141] The display of the eutrophication score indicator for rivers and lakes is represented by an instrument chart, and the scoring range is 0 - 100;

[0142] The display of the river and lake video monitoring area includes tributaries entering the lake, algae monitoring, water quality monitoring, biological protection, and sightseeing tourism, etc. The display of the river and lake video monitoring area is shown in the form of video clips, and there is a detailed description of the video below the video;

[0143] (2) The river and lake ecological environment monitoring display system is for the display of abnormal alarms of monitoring indicators. The display of abnormal alarms of monitoring indicators is through the integration with the river and lake data acquisition system and the health monitoring analysis and monitoring alarm system to display the obtained health abnormal alarm information; the health abnormal alarm information includes five items: hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological structure integrity, biological integrity, and the sustainability of social service functions.

[0144] An alarm is issued when the single - item index value is lower than 60 points. The form of the alarm and the specific content display the specific index where the alarm occurs and the index value that generates the alarm. The alarm information has a hyperlink function. By clicking on the alarm information, it will jump to the specific alarm information list page. Clicking on the "Handling Measures" link in the handling measures operation column of the list page will pop up specific handling measure suggestions. The handling measures are divided into first - level handling measures and second - level handling measures. Through the handling measures recommended by the system, the managers of rivers and lakes can take corresponding improvement measures for the actual river course;

[0145] After the alarm platform takes corresponding handling measures and the monitored data changes to the normal healthy value range, the monitoring and analysis system and the monitoring and alarm system will respectively eliminate the alarm information and synchronize the status to the large-screen display system;

[0146] The monitoring and display system collects river and lake water quality and health data through the integrated cooperation with the river and lake data collection system, that is, data can be collected through the collection system and can also be imported through excel. The report can help managers conduct more intuitive data display and statistical analysis, enhance transparency, and be used for modification and other purposes. Alarm information such as alarm index names, index values, and early warning generation times, as well as corresponding handling measures, can also be quickly exported to an excel file for other uses;

[0147] III. River and Lake Ecological Health Supervision Personnel Management System. The River and Lake Ecological Health Supervision Personnel Management System integrates core functions such as personnel management, departmental structure, role allocation, and job level management to achieve comprehensive registration of official information and refined role division, ensuring the efficient operation of the hierarchical management system;

[0148] The River and Lake Ecological Health Supervision Personnel Management System automatically generates a shift schedule based on the preset shift pattern through a flexible shift setting mechanism, and prepares a detailed duty calendar accordingly. This process not only simplifies the traditional manual shift scheduling process but also ensures the rationality and fairness of duty arrangements;

[0149] During the duty execution stage, the platform can record the performance of duty personnel in real time, automatically generate duty records and work logs, providing solid data support for the on-site digital management of river channels and lake channels, enhancing management transparency, and serving as an important basis for performance evaluation and responsibility tracing;

[0150] The River and Lake Ecological Health Supervision Personnel Management System has high scalability and customization capabilities. It can flexibly adjust function modules and business processes according to the specific needs of different regions and departments to better adapt to the complex and changing river and lake management environment. The application of the River and Lake Ecological Health Supervision Personnel Management System realizes the optimal allocation and efficient utilization of river and lake management resources, promoting the modern transformation of the management mode;

[0151] IV. River and Lake Ecological Health Governance Technology Library System. The software of the River and Lake Ecological Health Governance Technology Library System is used to efficiently manage functions such as the river and lake health index library and abnormal R & D management, strictly following the framework of the "Technical Guidelines for River and Lake Health Assessment (SL / T 793 - 2020)" of the People's Republic of China's water conservancy industry standard to ensure the smooth progress of the assessment index system to support the river and lake health assessment work process;

[0152] The construction of the river and lake ecological health governance technology library system integrates widely applied river and lake governance technologies, characteristic technologies of key river basins, technologies of successful cases, leading emerging technologies, and forward-looking future technologies. The types of technologies cover point source pollution control technologies, comprehensive treatment of non-point source pollution, restoration and construction of the ecological circle of the river basin, optimization of river and lake habitats and security guarantee of drinking water sources, as well as management technologies, jointly forming a set of common technology systems. The river and lake ecological health governance technology library system constructs a dedicated technology library for river and lake health by evaluating the types, technical principles, methods, parameters (such as treatment volume, effect), applicable scope, and technical economy (operation cost, environmental adaptability, etc.) of governance technologies and engineering measures;

[0153] (1) The sources of the construction of the river and lake ecological health governance technology library system mainly include the following aspects: The river and lake ecological health governance technology library system is divided into biological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological structure integrity, hydrological integrity, and social function sustainability according to types:

[0154] a Biological integrity, through measures such as carrying out investigations and observations, standardizing water area development, and strengthening in-situ protection, is used to improve the density of phytoplankton, the loss index of zooplankton, the coverage rate of large aquatic organisms, the biological integrity index of large benthic invertebrates, and the fish retention index;

[0155] If the density of phytoplankton exceeds the standard, manual or mechanical means can be used to fish out phytoplankton, chemical agents can be added to kill phytoplankton, natural enemies can be introduced to control the reproduction of phytoplankton, policy planning measures, and point and non-point source pollution control measures can be used for treatment;

[0156] If the loss index of zooplankton is unqualified, measures such as carrying out investigations and observations, strengthening in-situ protection, carrying out ecological restoration, standardizing water area development, and promoting scientific aquaculture can be used for treatment;

[0157] For the treatment of the coverage rate of large aquatic organisms, measures such as carrying out investigations and observations, strengthening in-situ protection, carrying out ecological restoration, and standardizing water area development can be taken;

[0158] If the biological integrity index of large benthic invertebrates is unreasonable, measures such as controlling eutrophication, pH, maintaining the river bottom sediment, controlling the flow rate, controlling dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, pollution purification, carrying out investigations and observations, strengthening in-situ protection, carrying out ecological restoration, and standardizing water area development can be used for treatment;

[0159] If the fish retention index is unreasonable, measures such as pollution purification, removal of alien species, carrying out investigations and observations, strengthening in-situ protection, carrying out ecological restoration, standardizing water area development, promoting scientific aquaculture, controlling eutrophication, and reducing facilities affecting connectivity can be used for treatment;

[0160] b Chemical integrity, water quality restoration through measures such as recycling and cleaner production, scientifically demarcating protected areas, improving the supervision system, and promoting standardized construction to improve the water quality, nutritional status, water quality quality, sediment pollution status, and compliance rate of water function zones of drinking water sources;

[0161] To improve the degree of water quality quality, cleaner production can be adopted to reduce pollutant emissions, optimize water use and drainage measures, purify sewage, remove pollutants from the water body, optimize water use and drainage measures, purify water quality, recycle pollutants, in-situ restoration, carry out restoration work in polluted water bodies, physical restoration, chemical restoration, land treatment, and biological treatment measures using aquatic plants to purify;

[0162] To improve the compliance status of the water quality of drinking water sources, measures such as scientifically demarcating drinking water source protection areas, promoting the standardization construction of drinking water source protection areas, improving and perfecting the supervision system of drinking water sources, and steadily improving the water quality of drinking water sources can be adopted;

[0163] To improve the nutritional status, measures such as reducing the chlorophyll a index value to control the content of phytoplankton in the water body, reducing the total nitrogen index value, including the removal of ammonia nitrogen, organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, etc., reducing the water turbidity index value, and reducing the permanganate index value can be adopted;

[0164] To improve the sediment pollution status, measures such as in-situ sediment restoration technology and ex-situ sediment restoration technology can be adopted;

[0165] To improve the compliance rate of water function zones, measures such as improving water quality, controlling water body eutrophication, and controlling sediment pollution can be adopted;

[0166] c Morphological and structural integrity, mainly through measures such as artificial water diversion and regulation, afforestation, and treatment of illegal construction to improve the connectivity index, shrinkage ratio of lake area, stability of river and lake banks, vegetation coverage of river and lake banks, rationality of sewage outlet layout, and degree of artificial disturbance of river and lake banks;

[0167] To improve the connectivity index (longitudinal river connectivity index, lake connectivity index), measures such as reducing facilities affecting connectivity, cross-basin water diversion projects, dredging, ecological treatment, and river-reservoir linkage can be adopted;

[0168] To improve the shrinkage ratio of lake area, measures such as promoting the connectivity of river and lake water systems, enhancing water resource allocation capacity, managing water area shorelines, promoting the restoration of water ecosystems, establishing a reasonable lake protection and management system, rationally using water resources, returning farmland to lakes, protecting upstream vegetation and conserving water and soil, and restoring vegetation can be adopted;

[0169] To improve the stability of river and lake banks, measures such as reducing the bank slope inclination angle, increasing the vegetation coverage of the bank slope, reducing the bank slope height, substrate reinforcement, and reducing the scour at the toe of the slope can be adopted;

[0170] The improvement of vegetation coverage in the river and lake shore zones can be achieved by taking measures such as adapting to local conditions, screening suitable vegetation, monitoring and protection, reducing deforestation, and controlling pollution;

[0171] The improvement of the rationality of the layout of sewage outlets can be achieved by optimizing the setting of sewage outlets;

[0172] The improvement of the degree of artificial interference in the river and lake shore zones can be achieved by controlling illegal mining, occupation, piling, and construction;

[0173] d Hydrological integrity, mainly through measures such as unified regulation of water resources in the basin, optimizing water projects, improving the ecological flow management system, strengthening the allocation capacity and supervision, etc., to improve the utilization rate of water resources, the variation of the flow process, and the satisfaction degree of the lowest ecological water level;

[0174] The improvement of the utilization rate of water resources can be achieved by reducing the total water supply: wastewater recycling, saving, rationally and efficiently using water, recycling water, water resource recovery, and sewage application, and increasing the total amount of water resources: water resource regeneration, water diversion, seawater desalination, and ecological water storage measures;

[0175] The improvement of the degree of variation of the flow process can be achieved by reducing peaks and droughts: construction and improvement of water conservancy facilities, unified regulation and management of water resources in the basin, improving the ecological flow discharge conditions of water projects, strengthening the monitoring of ecological flows in rivers and lakes, and establishing an early warning mechanism for ecological flows in rivers and lakes;

[0176] The improvement of the satisfaction degree of the lowest ecological water level can be achieved by improving the ecological flow management system and mechanism, strengthening the ecological flow allocation capacity of rivers and lakes, increasing the supervision of the guarantee of ecological flows in rivers and lakes, and strengthening scientific research on ecological flows in rivers and lakes;

[0177] e Social function sustainability, mainly through measures such as water quality restoration, strengthening monitoring and protection, promoting protection and publicity, improving relevant policies, etc., to improve public satisfaction, flood control indicators, and water supply indicators, and improve the protection degree of water body landscapes and environments;

[0178] The improvement of public satisfaction can be achieved by improving the water volume status of rivers, water quality purification and protection, improving the shoreline status, fish protection, and the development of the ecological suitability of water bodies;

[0179] The improvement of flood control indicators can be achieved by meeting flood control standards in construction, strengthening the cleaning, dredging, and maintenance of facilities, and strengthening the rectification of potential safety hazards;

[0180] The improvement of water supply indicators can be achieved by increasing the water supply volume and the water supply guarantee rate;

[0181] The application of technologies related to the river and lake ecological health governance technology library system to comprehensively enhance the biodiversity of rivers and lakes, the integrity of chemical and morphological structures, maintain the balance of the hydrological cycle, and ensure the sustainability of the social service functions of rivers and lakes. Comprehensively apply river and lake governance technologies and measures for river and lake governance and ecological restoration to promote the health and sustainable development of river and lake ecosystems;

[0182] (2) The river and lake ecological health governance technology library system relies on a water environment mathematical model. In the present invention, a river and lake health diagnosis platform is constructed to real-time monitor the data of river and lake health indicators, give immediate warnings for phenomena such as exceeding standards and limits, and conduct retrospective analysis on water body problems such as eutrophication, water quality exceeding standards, water level exceeding limits, and illegal discharge of wastewater;

[0183] (3) The corresponding technical methods in the technology library called by the river and lake ecological health governance technology library system platform include primary technologies and secondary technologies;

[0184] The primary technologies provide governance strategies for the sub-criterion layer, while the secondary technologies formulate governance plans for the specific index layer. After the governance implementation, the health status of rivers and lakes will be re-evaluated to ensure the restoration effect;

[0185] (4) The river and lake management and protection system of the river and lake ecological health governance technology library system focuses on operation and maintenance and protection management, covering four dimensions: factories, pipe networks, rivers and lakes, and cities:

[0186] Factory management and protection technologies focus on the emergency treatment of factory wastewater discharge, including measures such as heavy metal precipitation, removal of volatile pollutants, biological disinfection, and emergency salvage of algae;

[0187] Pipe network management and protection technologies apply the strategy of optimizing the allocation of urban water resources, combined with real-time monitoring and big data technologies, to strengthen the urban flood control and drainage warning ability;

[0188] River and lake management and protection technologies are based on problem diagnosis and driving factor analysis, and implement comprehensive measures such as land pollution control, habitat improvement, and shore vegetation restoration;

[0189] Urban management and protection technologies target point source pollution and stormwater runoff pollution in urban river sections, optimize water quality target management technologies, accurately estimate non-point source pollution loads, and calculate point source allowable discharge loads;

[0190] (5) Management of the river and lake health assessment index system. The management of the river and lake health assessment index system comprehensively maintains the basic data of the technical index library through the configuration of the health index library, and further views the index target layer, index criterion layer, index sub-criterion layer, index name, index type, and index weight data;

[0191] (6) Health Index Diagnosis and Management System. The Health Index Diagnosis and Management System is used to collect data in real time by the data collection system for health assessment calculation. The core calculated indicators include: hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, ecological structure integrity, biological integrity, social service function sustainability, and total river and lake health score. The comprehensive diagnosis of river and lake health is carried out using the river and lake health diagnosis platform and related technology libraries;

[0192] V. River and Lake Ecological Health Restoration Tracking and Management System. The River and Lake Ecological Health Restoration Tracking and Management System is used for the overall monitoring and management design of the health restoration process of the river and lake ecosystem, including the following professional functional modules:

[0193] (1) Data Integration of River and Lake Health Diagnosis Platform. The data integration of the river and lake health diagnosis platform is used to seamlessly connect and integrate the core data of the river and lake health diagnosis platform to ensure the continuity and accuracy of ecological health assessment;

[0194] (2) Display of Health Monitoring Big Screen. The display of the health monitoring big screen uses advanced data visualization technology to construct a high-definition big screen display interface, intuitively showing the key indicators and real-time status of river and lake health monitoring, providing an immediate and comprehensive overview of ecological information for decision-makers;

[0195] (3) Health Data Management System. The health data management system constructs a professional data management system to collect, process, store, and analyze various health data of the river and lake ecosystem;

[0196] Various health data include indicators such as water quality, ecological community structure, and biodiversity, ensuring the integrity, accuracy, and traceability of the data;

[0197] (4) Fine Management of Water Quality Data. The fine management of water quality data is used to finely monitor water quality parameters, and scientific algorithms are used for water quality assessment and prediction in the fine management of water quality data;

[0198] Water quality parameters include key indicators such as dissolved oxygen, pH value, and nutrient salt concentration;

[0199] (5) Alarm Management Mechanism. The alarm management mechanism triggers alarms for health indicators whose monitoring values are lower than the preset standards by establishing an efficient alarm triggering and response process, and notifies relevant personnel in a timely manner through multiple channels;

[0200] Multiple channels include text messages, emails, system notifications, etc.;

[0201] (6) Restoration Tracking and Management. The restoration tracking and management is used to formulate and implement targeted ecological restoration measures for alarm events, and at the same time establish a restoration progress tracking and effect evaluation mechanism and continuously record the key information of the restoration process;

[0202] The restoration progress tracking includes river and lake names, restoration section address information, health anomaly cause information, restoration person-in-charge information, restoration time information, restoration cost information, restoration descriptions, and restoration records;

[0203] The key information continuously recorded during the restoration process includes restoration measures, implementation time, resource input, restoration effects, etc.;

[0204] VI. River and Lake Ecosystem Health Monitoring and Early Warning System. The river and lake ecosystem health monitoring and early warning system is used for the real-time assessment of the health status of river and lake ecosystems and the early warning of potential risks. It aims to efficiently execute health monitoring tasks based on the river and lake health diagnosis results and implement precise early warnings for monitoring indicators below the ecological baseline. This invention seamlessly connects to the river and lake governance technology library and intelligently recommends appropriate governance technologies to assist in formulating and implementing targeted river and lake improvement strategies. Its core functions include:

[0205] (1) High-precision monitoring and visual display of river and lake ecosystem health data. The high-precision monitoring and visual display of river and lake ecosystem health data realizes the high-frequency collection and real-time analysis of multi-dimensional health data of river and lake ecosystems through the application of advanced sensor networks and data processing technologies, and intuitively displays the monitoring results in the form of professional charts, maps, etc., providing managers with a comprehensive view of the ecological health status;

[0206] (2) Intelligent early warning management for abnormal river and lake health indicators. Based on preset ecological health standards and thresholds, the intelligent early warning management for abnormal river and lake health indicators automatically identifies abnormal indicators in the monitoring data, analyzes the causes and potential impacts of the anomalies through algorithm models, and sends early warning information to relevant personnel in a timely manner;

[0207] (3) Intelligent recommendation and reminder of governance technologies for river and lake abnormal indicators. By combining the rich resources in the river and lake governance technology library, the intelligent recommendation and reminder of governance technologies for river and lake abnormal indicators enables the system to intelligently match and recommend appropriate governance technologies and solutions for the warned abnormal indicators, and at the same time reminds managers to pay attention and take corresponding measures through the notification system;

[0208] (4) Feedback and evaluation system for the governance effects of abnormal indicators. The feedback and evaluation system for the governance effects of abnormal indicators monitors the river and lake health indicators after the implementation of governance measures, evaluates the governance effectiveness, and systematically records and analyzes information such as the data comparison before and after governance, the implementation situation and effects of governance measures;

[0209] VII. River and Lake Ecosystem Health Diagnosis and Analysis System. The river and lake ecosystem health diagnosis and analysis system is based on the real-time status data of the integrated river and lake ecosystem health data collection system, and is used to construct and manage the comprehensive evaluation index system of river and lake terminals. The core functions of this system include:

[0210] (1) Maintenance and management of river and lake ecological indicator systems. The maintenance and management of river and lake ecological indicator systems is used to finely define, classify and dynamically adjust ecological health indicators in multiple dimensions, including water quality, hydrology, biology, morphological structure, and social service functions;

[0211] (2) Integration of indicators and monitoring data: The integration of indicators and monitoring data is used to seamlessly connect and integrate the real-time and historical river and lake status data reported by the data collection system with the preset indicator system;

[0212] (3) Construction and maintenance of the indicator evaluation rule system: The construction and maintenance of the indicator evaluation rule system is used to build and maintain a scientific and reasonable indicator evaluation rule system, including evaluation criteria, weight allocation, calculation methods, etc.;

[0213] (4) Data definition and management of collection equipment: Data definition and management of collection equipment is used to standardize and manage the data format, collection frequency, transmission protocol, etc. of various ecological monitoring equipment;

[0214] (5) Automated processing of indicator evaluation and scoring mechanisms. Based on preset evaluation rules, the automated processing of indicator evaluation and scoring mechanisms automatically quantifies and scores each indicator, and uses the algorithm model to calculate the comprehensive health index of river and lake ecosystems;

[0215] (6) Multidimensional health diagnosis and analysis. Multidimensional health diagnosis and analysis starts from multiple criteria levels such as hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological and structural integrity, biological integrity, and sustainability of social service functions. It is used to conduct in-depth analysis and comprehensive diagnosis at different levels of river and lake ecosystems, providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted ecological protection and restoration strategies.

[0216] (7) The river and lake ecological health diagnosis and analysis system is used to construct a river and lake health evaluation system according to the water system characteristics of the basin and region. The river and lake health evaluation system is based on the selected indicators. The weights of each evaluation indicator are first determined. In order to enhance the rationality and accuracy of the weight determination, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the subjective weights. Then the entropy weight method is used to determine the objective weights. Finally, the subjective weights and objective weights are coupled to obtain the comprehensive weights to assign points to each indicator. Furthermore, the sub-criteria layer and criterion layer are calculated and analyzed step by step according to the hierarchical structure, and the interaction and influence between the indicators at each level are considered to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the evaluation results. Finally, the river and lake health scores and levels are obtained to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the health status of rivers and lakes. The construction of the river and lake health evaluation system includes the following steps:

[0217] a Use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the subjective weight. The AHP method is based on expert experience and professional knowledge to subjectively judge the relative importance of indicators and determine the subjective weight. First, in combination with the natural environmental conditions of the lake, considering hydrology, water quality, ecology, and service functions, determine the index hierarchy and index system. Then, use the 1-9 scale method to conduct mutual judgment and comparison to establish a judgment matrix. Through matrix operations, calculate the maximum eigenvalue and eigenvector, and conduct a consistency test. If C R <0.1, then the test is passed, and the eigenvalue is the objective weight P of the evaluation index j The calculation formula is as follows:

[0218] C1 = (λ max -n) / (n - 1)

[0219] C R = C1 / R1

[0220] In the formula: λ max is the maximum eigenvalue of the judgment matrix; c1 and R1 are random consistency indicators; C R is the average random consistency ratio; the values of R1 for 1-9 order matrices are 0, 0, 0.58, 0.9, 1.12, 1.24, 1.34, 1.41, 1.45 respectively.

[0221] b Use the entropy weight method to determine the objective weight. The entropy weight method is based on the degree of variation of the data itself to objectively reflect the weight of each indicator in the evaluation system. To determine the objective weight, first, construct the evaluation index matrix A = (x ij ) m×n , then calculate the index characteristic ratio r ij , then calculate the information entropy S ij of the jth indicator according to the characteristic ratio r j , and finally calculate the corresponding indicator weight V j . The calculation formula is as follows:

[0222]

[0223] In the formula: r ij is the characteristic ratio of the evaluation index matrix; S j is the evaluation index information entropy; v j is the objective weight of the evaluation index.

[0224] c The AHP-entropy weight method determines the comprehensive weight. After determining the subjective weight and objective weight of the evaluation index, the multiplier normalization method is used to calculate the comprehensive weight. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0225]

[0226] In the formula: a jis the comprehensive weight determined by the AHP-entropy weight method; v j is the objective weight of the evaluation index, P j is the subjective weight of the evaluation index.

[0227] The final result of the river and lake ecological health diagnosis is to draw different display effect diagrams on the interface of the river and lake ecological environment monitoring and display system according to the specific conditions and evaluation situations of different rivers and lakes, and display them. According to needs, data such as the core status are displayed in the effect area, and the corresponding indicators can be clicked to view.

[0228] Inspired by the ideal embodiments of the present invention described above, through the above description, relevant staff can completely make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A river and lake ecosystem health management diagnostic method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Collect data: Collect data on hydrology, water quality, bottom quality, morphological structure, biological data and social service functions through the collector; Step 2: Calculate the health status of rivers and lakes: First, calculate the score of good ecological status according to formula (1), and then calculate the health status score of rivers and lakes according to formulas (2) and (3). RES i =HDS i ×HDW+WQS i ×WQW+PHS i ×PHW+AFS i ×AFW (1) In the formula, RES i Indicates the score of the good ecological status of the i-th assessed river section, lake area or reservoir area; HDS i It represents the score of the hydrological integrity sub-criteria layer of the i-th assessed river section, assessed lake area or assessed reservoir area; HDW represents the weight of the hydrological integrity sub-criteria layer; WQS i represents the chemical integrity sub-criteria layer score of the i-th assessed river section, assessed lake area or assessed reservoir area; WQW represents the chemical integrity sub-criteria layer weight; PHS i represents the sub-criteria layer score of the morphological structure integrity of the i-th assessed river section, assessed lake area or assessed reservoir area; PHW represents the sub-criteria layer weight of the morphological structure integrity; AFS i It represents the sub-criterion layer score of the biological integrity of the i-th assessed river section, lake area or reservoir area; AFW represents the sub-criterion layer weight of the biological integrity; RHS i =RES i ×REW+RSS i ×RSW (3) In the formula, RHS represents the health status score of rivers and lakes; RHS i W represents the health status score of the i-th assessed river section, lake area or reservoir area; i represents the length of the river in the i-th assessment river section, the surface area of ​​the i-th assessment lake area, or the water storage capacity of the i-th assessment reservoir area; R s Indicates the number of assessed river sections, assessed lake areas or assessed reservoir areas; RES i represents the score of the good ecological status of the i-th assessed river section, lake area or reservoir area; REW represents the weight of the good ecological status; RSS i It indicates the score of the good function status of the i-th assessed river section, assessed lake area or assessed reservoir area; RSW indicates the good function status weight; Step 3: Monitoring indicators abnormal alarm: abnormal alarm information includes five indicators: hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological structure integrity, biological integrity and social service function sustainability. If the value of any single indicator is lower than 60 points, an alarm will be issued. Each alarm is linked to specific treatment measures. When the monitoring data changes to the normal health value range, the alarm will be lifted; Step 4: Supervisory personnel management: Prepare a duty calendar based on the shift model, personnel management, department structure, role allocation, and job level management. During the duty execution phase, record the duty performance of the duty personnel in real time to form duty records and work logs; Step 5: Construct a governance technology library: The types of governance technology libraries include point source pollution control technology, comprehensive treatment of non-point source pollution, restoration and construction of watershed ecosystems, river and lake habitat optimization and drinking water source safety assurance, and management technology, which together form a set of common technology systems. By evaluating the types, technical principles, methods, parameters, scope of application and technical economy of governance technologies and engineering measures, a special technology library for river and lake health is constructed; Step 6: River and lake ecological health monitoring and early warning: Real-time assessment of the health status of river and lake ecosystems, and real-time early warning of potential risks.

2. The river and lake ecosystem health management diagnostic method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collector in step 1 includes a monitoring station, a data logger and various sensors, wherein the sensors include a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor and a photoelectric sensor, which monitor the physical and chemical parameters of rivers and lakes. The physical parameters include water level, water intake, flow rate, flow, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, river and lake area, bank slope inclination, vegetation coverage and sewage outlet location. The chemical parameters include pH, chlorophyll a, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, transparency, permanganate value, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity and algae density. Among them, water level, water intake, flow rate, flow, temperature, wind speed and wind direction are hydrological data; The river and lake area, bank slope inclination, vegetation coverage and sewage outlet location are morphological structure data; pH, chlorophyll a, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, transparency, permanganate value, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity and algae density are water quality data; The sediment data is obtained by analyzing and testing sediment samples, including conventional pollutant indicators of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and nutrients; The biological data include survey data of zooplankton, macrophytes, macrobenthic invertebrates and fish; The social service function data include public satisfaction, flood control project compliance rate and water supply project guarantee rate.

3. A system for implementing the river and lake ecosystem health management and diagnosis method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Using Java and JavaScript, it realizes the functions of multi-protocol equipment access, data collection, monitoring and analysis, prediction and alarm, and personnel management, including data collection system, monitoring and display system, supervisory personnel management system, governance technology library system, repair tracking management system, monitoring and early warning system, and diagnosis and analysis system; The data acquisition system integrates device collectors that support multiple protocols such as MQTT, OPC, Modbus, and TCP. Through driver management, driver attribute management, bit attribute management, template management, bit management, driver configuration, and bit configuration, it enables flexible access to multiple protocol devices at the edge and realizes data acquisition. The monitoring and display system presents the lake and river health monitoring results through a large screen interface, intuitively and visually displays health data, and displays acquired health abnormality warning information; The supervisory personnel management system integrates personnel management, department structure, role allocation and job level management, realizing comprehensive registration of personnel information and refined role division; Governance technology library system, manage river and lake health indicators and abnormal alarms of management monitoring indicators; Restoration tracking and management system to comprehensively monitor and manage the healthy recovery process of river and lake ecosystems; The monitoring and early warning system can assess the health status of river and lake ecosystems and warn of potential risks in real time. Based on the results of river and lake health diagnosis, it can perform health monitoring tasks and issue early warnings for monitoring indicators that are below the ecological baseline. It can seamlessly connect to the governance technology library system, intelligently recommend governance technologies, and assist in the formulation and implementation of targeted river and lake governance strategies. The diagnostic analysis system builds and manages the comprehensive evaluation index system of river and lake terminals based on the real-time status data of the data acquisition system, diagnoses the final results, and draws and displays different display effect diagrams on the interface of the river and lake ecological environment monitoring and display system according to the specific conditions and evaluation conditions of different rivers and lakes. The core status data is displayed in the effect area, and the corresponding indicators can be clicked to view.

4. The system for implementing the river and lake ecosystem health management diagnosis method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The display of health data includes temperature and pH monitoring data, oxygen and permanganate index display, phosphorus and nitrogen index display, water quality and electrolyte index display, rainfall and water level index display, wind field index display, river and lake monitoring comprehensive evaluation index display, river and lake sub-criteria layer scoring index display, river and lake health index scoring index display, river and lake eutrophication score index display, river and lake water quality index display and river and lake video monitoring area display; The temperature and pH monitoring data, oxygen and permanganate indicators, phosphorus and nitrogen indicators, water quality and electrolyte indicators, rainfall and water level indicators, wind field indicators and river and lake water quality indicators are displayed using line graphs to display data for the past period of time; The comprehensive evaluation indicators of river and lake monitoring are displayed in percentage points. The sub-criteria layer scoring indicators of rivers and lakes are displayed using radar charts, including hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological structure integrity, biological integrity and sustainability of social service functions; The scoring indicators of the river and lake health index are displayed using radar charts, including water resource development and utilization rate, degree of flow process variation, degree of satisfaction of the minimum ecological water level, degree of water quality, compliance status of drinking water source water quality, sediment pollution status, compliance rate of water functional areas, river longitudinal connectivity index, river and lake shore stability, river and lake shore vegetation coverage, rationality of sewage outlet layout, degree of artificial interference in river and lake shores, large aquatic plant coverage, large benthic invertebrate biological integrity index, fish retention index, public satisfaction, flood control indicators and water supply indicators; The river and lake eutrophication score index is displayed using an instrument chart; The river and lake video monitoring area display includes tributaries entering the lake, algae monitoring, water quality monitoring, biological protection and sightseeing tourism. The river and lake video monitoring area display is displayed in the form of video clips, and there is a detailed description of the corresponding video below the video; If any single indicator value of the five indicators of hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological structure integrity, biological integrity, and social service function sustainability is lower than 60 points, an alarm will be triggered. The alarm form and specific content will display the specific indicator causing the alarm and the indicator value generating the alarm. The alarm information has a hyperlink function. By clicking on the alarm information, the hyperlink function will jump to the specific alarm information list page. Clicking on the "treatment measures" link in the treatment measures operation column of the list page will pop up specific treatment measures suggestions. The treatment measures are divided into primary treatment measures and secondary treatment measures. The managers of rivers and lakes take corresponding improvement measures for the actual river channel through the treatment measures recommended by the system. When the alarm platform takes the corresponding treatment measures and the monitoring data changes to the normal health value range, the monitoring analysis and monitoring alarm systems will eliminate the alarm information and synchronize the status to the large-screen display system respectively. The monitoring and display system collects river and lake water quality and health data through integrated collaboration with the data acquisition system, that is, data is collected through the data acquisition system, and data can also be imported through Excel. The reports intuitively display data and statistical analysis, enhance transparency, and are available for modification. They include alarm information such as alarm indicator name, indicator value, and warning generation time, as well as corresponding processing measures, and can also export Excel files.

5. The system for implementing the river and lake ecosystem health management diagnosis method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The supervisor management system automatically generates a shift schedule based on the preset shift mode and a shift setting mechanism, and compiles a detailed duty calendar accordingly; During the duty execution phase, the platform can record the duty personnel's performance in real time and automatically generate duty records and work logs to provide solid data support for on-site digital management of rivers and lakes, improve management transparency, and serve as an important basis for performance evaluation and responsibility tracing; The supervisor management system is highly scalable and customizable. It can adjust functional modules and business processes according to the specific needs of different regions and departments to adapt to the complex and changing river and lake management environment.

6. The system for implementing the river and lake ecosystem health management diagnosis method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The governance technology library system relies on the water environment mathematical model to build a river and lake health diagnosis platform, monitor river and lake health indicator data in real time, implement immediate warnings for exceeding standards and limits, and trace and analyze water problems such as eutrophication, water quality exceeding standards, water level exceeding limits, and illegal discharge of wastewater; The corresponding technical methods in the technology library called by the governance technology library system platform include primary technology and secondary technology; The first-level technology provides governance strategies for the sub-criteria layer, while the second-level technology formulates governance plans for the specific indicator layer. After the governance is implemented, the health status of rivers and lakes will be re-evaluated to ensure the restoration effect; The governance technology library system focuses on the operation and protection management of the river and lake management system, covering four dimensions: factories, pipelines, rivers, lakes and cities.

7. The system for implementing the river and lake ecosystem health management and diagnosis method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The repair tracking management system includes the following professional functional modules: (1) River and lake health diagnostic platform data integration, which is used to seamlessly connect and integrate the core data of the river and lake health diagnostic platform to ensure the continuity and accuracy of ecological health assessment; (2) Health monitoring large-screen display, which uses advanced data visualization technology to build a high-definition large-screen display interface to intuitively display key indicators and real-time status of river and lake health monitoring, providing an instant and comprehensive overview of ecological information; (3) Health data management system, through the construction of a professional data management system to collect, process, store and analyze various health data of river and lake ecosystems; The various types of health data mentioned include indicators of water quality, ecological community structure and biodiversity, ensuring the integrity, accuracy and traceability of the data; (4) Refined management of water quality data to monitor water quality parameters in a refined manner, using scientific algorithms to assess and predict water quality; The water quality parameters include indicators of dissolved oxygen, pH value and nutrient concentration; (5) Alarm management mechanism, which establishes an efficient alarm triggering and response process to automatically trigger alarms when health indicators with monitoring values ​​fall below preset standards, and promptly notify relevant personnel through multiple channels; The multiple channels include SMS, email and system notification; (6) Restoration tracking management, which is used to formulate and implement targeted ecological restoration measures in response to warning events, establish a restoration progress tracking and effect evaluation mechanism, and continuously record key information of the restoration process; The restoration progress tracking includes the name of the river or lake, the address information of the restored area, the cause of health abnormality, the restoration person in charge, the restoration time information, the restoration cost information, the restoration description and the restoration record; The key information of the continuous recording of the repair process includes repair measures, implementation time, resource input and repair effect.

8. The system for implementing the river and lake ecosystem health management diagnosis method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The monitoring and early warning system performs the following operations: (1) High-precision monitoring and visual display of river and lake ecological health data, achieving high-frequency collection and real-time analysis of multi-dimensional health data of river and lake ecosystems, and intuitively displaying monitoring results in the form of professional charts and maps, providing a comprehensive view of ecological health status; (2) Intelligent early warning management of abnormal river and lake health indicators. Based on preset ecological health standards and thresholds, the system automatically identifies abnormal indicators in monitoring data, analyzes the causes and potential impacts of the abnormalities through algorithm models, and sends early warning information in a timely manner; (3) Intelligent recommendation and reminder of technologies for managing abnormal indicators of rivers and lakes. By combining the rich resources in the river and lake management technology library, the system can intelligently match and recommend appropriate management technologies and solutions for abnormal indicators of warnings, and remind managers to pay attention and take corresponding measures through the notification system; (4) Abnormal indicator governance effect feedback and evaluation system, through the establishment of governance effect tracking mechanism, to monitor the health indicators of rivers and lakes after the implementation of governance measures, evaluate the governance results, and systematically record and analyze the data comparison before and after governance, the implementation of governance measures and the effect feedback information.

9. The system for implementing the river and lake ecosystem health management diagnosis method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diagnostic analysis system is used to construct and manage the comprehensive evaluation index system of river and lake terminals based on the real-time status data of the data acquisition system. The specific implementation process is as follows: (1) Maintenance and management of the river and lake ecological indicator system, which is used to refine, classify and dynamically adjust ecological health indicators in terms of water quality, hydrology, biology, morphological structure and social service functions; (2) Integration of indicators and monitoring data, to achieve seamless connection and integration of real-time and historical river and lake status data reported by the data collection system with the preset indicator system; (3) Construction and maintenance of the indicator evaluation rule system, which is used to construct and maintain a scientific and reasonable indicator evaluation rule system, including evaluation criteria, weight allocation and calculation methods; (4) Data collection equipment definition and management, which is used to standardize and manage the data format, collection frequency, and transmission protocol of various ecological monitoring equipment; (5) Automated processing of indicator evaluation and scoring mechanisms, automatically quantifying and scoring each indicator based on preset evaluation rules, and using algorithm models to calculate the comprehensive health index of river and lake ecosystems; (6) Multidimensional health diagnostic analysis, starting from the multiple criteria of hydrological integrity, chemical integrity, morphological and structural integrity, biological integrity, and sustainability of social service functions, is used to conduct in-depth analysis and comprehensive diagnosis at different levels of river and lake ecosystems, providing a scientific basis for the formulation of targeted ecological protection and restoration strategies. (7) Construct a river and lake health assessment system based on the water system characteristics of the river basin and region.

10. The system for implementing the river and lake ecosystem health management diagnosis method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The construction of the river and lake health assessment system includes the following steps: a The subjective weights are determined by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is based on expert experience and professional knowledge to make subjective judgments on the relative importance of indicators. The subjective weights are determined by first considering the hydrology, water quality, ecology, and service functions in combination with the natural environment of the lake, and then using the 1-9 ratio scaling method to compare and establish a judgment matrix. Through matrix operations, the maximum eigenvalue and eigenvector are calculated, and consistency tests are performed. If C R <0.1, the test is passed, and the eigenvalue is the objective weight of the evaluation index P j The calculation formula is as follows: C1=(λ max -n) / (n-1) C R =C1 / R1 Where: max is the maximum characteristic root of the judgment matrix; C1 and R1 are random consistency indicators; C R is the average random consistency ratio; the values ​​of R1 in matrices of order 1 to 9 are 0, 0, 0.58, 0.9, 1.12, 1.24, 1.34, 1.41, and 1.45 respectively; b Use the entropy weight method to determine the objective weight. The entropy weight method objectively reflects the weight of each indicator in the evaluation system based on the degree of variation of the data itself. To determine the objective weight, we first need to construct the evaluation indicator matrix A = (x ij ) m×n , and then calculate the indicator characteristic ratio r ij , and then according to the characteristic ratio r ij Calculate the information entropy S of the jth indicator j , and finally calculate the corresponding indicator weight V j , the calculation formula is as follows: Where: r ij is the characteristic ratio of the evaluation index matrix; S j is the evaluation index information entropy; v j is the objective weight of the evaluation index; c The AHP-entropy weight method determines the comprehensive weight by using the multiplier normalization method after determining the subjective weight and objective weight of the evaluation index. The calculation formula is as follows: Where: a j is the comprehensive weight determined by AHP-entropy weight method; j is the objective weight of the evaluation index, P j is the subjective weight of the evaluation index.

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