Communication networking system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication networking system and method, and relates to the technical field of communication, and the system comprises a macro base station, a first node connected with the macro base station, a second node deployed outdoors, and a service antenna deployed indoors. The first node is used for performing up-conversion processing on a first downlink signal transmitted by the macro base station to obtain a second downlink signal and transmitting the second downlink signal to the second node, and / or performing down-conversion processing on a first uplink signal transmitted by the second node to obtain a second uplink signal and transmitting the second uplink signal to the macro base station; the second node is used for performing down-conversion processing on a second downlink signal transmitted by the first node to obtain a third downlink signal and transmitting the third downlink signal to the service antenna, and / or performing up-conversion processing on a third uplink signal transmitted by the service antenna to obtain a first uplink signal and transmitting the first uplink signal to the first node; the carrier frequency bands of the second downlink signal and the third downlink signal are in a preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency bands of the second uplink signal and the third uplink signal are in a preset intermediate-frequency carrier frequency band range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a communication networking system and method. Background Art

[0002] In indoor network coverage technologies, Femtocell, a small wireless base station used to enhance indoor cellular network coverage and capacity, is widely used. With the development of the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G), carrier frequency bands with wider bandwidths than traditional used frequency bands have become available, and these frequency bands are usually referred to as 4.9Ghz frequencies. However, Femtocell only supports specific frequency bands, mainly concentrated in the frequency bands below 3GHz of the 4th generation mobile communication technology (4G) network or 5G network. Femtocell cannot be used for the 4.9Ghz carrier frequency band, and the coverage range of Femtocell is limited by its transmission power and antenna configuration, resulting in easy coverage deficiencies in large buildings or wide areas. It can be seen that Femtocell in related technologies has problems of low spectrum utilization rate and limited coverage range. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Embodiments of this application provide a communication networking system and method, which can improve spectrum utilization rate, enable cellular signals to cover a wider area, and provide stronger signal coverage.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication networking system, including a macro base station, a first node connected to the macro base station, a second node deployed outdoors, and a service antenna deployed indoors;

[0005] The first node is configured to receive a first downlink signal transmitted by the macro base station, perform up-conversion processing on the first downlink signal to obtain a second downlink signal, and transmit the second downlink signal to the second node, and / or, the first node is configured to receive a first uplink signal transmitted by the second node, perform down-conversion processing on the first uplink signal to obtain a second uplink signal, and transmit the second uplink signal to the macro base station; wherein, the carrier frequency band of the second downlink signal is within a preset intermediate frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency band of the second uplink signal is within a preset low frequency carrier frequency band range;

[0006] The second node is configured to receive the second downlink signal transmitted by the first node, perform down-conversion processing on the second downlink signal to obtain a third downlink signal, and transmit the third downlink signal to the serving antenna, and / or, the second node is configured to receive the third uplink signal transmitted by the serving antenna, perform up-conversion processing on the third uplink signal to obtain the first uplink signal, and transmit the first uplink signal to the first node; wherein, the carrier frequency band of the third downlink signal is within a preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency band of the third uplink signal is within a preset intermediate-frequency carrier frequency band range.

[0007] Optionally, the first downlink signal and the second uplink signal are cellular signals with a carrier frequency band within the preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency band of the cellular signal within the preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range is lower than 4.9 GHz.

[0008] Optionally, the first node includes a first signal interface, a first controller, a first up-converter, a first down-converter, and at least one first antenna;

[0009] Wherein, the first signal interface is connected to the radio frequency port of the radio frequency unit of the macro base station, and the first end of the first up-converter is connected to the first signal interface for receiving the first downlink signal;

[0010] The first controller is configured to control the first up-converter to perform up-conversion processing on the first downlink signal, and control the first down-converter to perform down-conversion processing on the first uplink signal;

[0011] The second end of the first up-converter is connected to the at least one first antenna for transmitting the second downlink signal to the second node, and the first end of the first down-converter is connected to the first signal interface for transmitting the second uplink signal to the first signal interface;

[0012] The second end of the first down-converter is connected to the at least one first antenna for receiving the first uplink signal sent by the second node and transmitting the second downlink signal to the second node.

[0013] Optionally, the second node includes a second signal interface, a second controller, a second up-converter, a second down-converter, and a second antenna;

[0014] Wherein, the second signal interface is communicatively connected to the serving antenna for receiving the third uplink signal transmitted by the serving antenna, and transmitting the third downlink signal to the serving antenna;

[0015] The second antenna is used to receive the second downlink signal transmitted by the first node and transmit the first uplink signal to the first node;

[0016] The second controller is used to control the second upconverter to perform upconversion processing on the third uplink signal and control the second downconverter to perform downconversion processing on the second downlink signal;

[0017] The first end of the second upconverter is connected to the second antenna and is used to transmit the first uplink signal to the first node. The second end of the second upconverter is connected to the second signal interface and is used to receive the third uplink signal;

[0018] The first end of the second downconverter is connected to the second antenna and is used to receive the second downlink signal. The second end of the second downconverter is connected to the second signal interface and is used to transmit the third downlink signal to the second node.

[0019] Optionally, the first node is connected to at least one of the macro base stations, and the first node assigns independent frequency bands and directional beams to each of the macro base stations;

[0020] The total capacity of the system is calculated based on the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] where C total represents the total capacity of multi-access multiplexing of the system; B i represents the bandwidth of the i-th macro base station; G i represents the gain of the at least first antenna; N0 represents the noise power of the macro base station; I i represents the interference power of the i-th macro base station.

[0023] Optionally, the first antenna is a beamforming antenna;

[0024] The first node further includes a first local oscillator. The first end of the first local oscillator is connected to the first controller, the second end of the first local oscillator is connected to the first upconverter, and the third end of the first local oscillator is connected to the first downconverter.

[0025] Optionally, the second antenna is a horn antenna or a panel antenna;

[0026] The second node further includes a second local oscillator. The first end of the second local oscillator is connected to the second controller, the second end of the second local oscillator is connected to the second upconverter, and the third end of the second local oscillator is connected to the second downconverter.

[0027] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication networking method, which is applied to a communication networking system. The communication networking system includes a macro base station, a first node connected to the macro base station, a second node deployed outdoors, and a service antenna deployed indoors. The method includes:

[0028] The first node receives a first downlink signal transmitted by the macro base station, performs up-conversion processing on the first downlink signal to obtain a second downlink signal, and transmits the second downlink signal to the second node. The second node performs down-conversion processing on the second downlink signal to obtain a third downlink signal, and transmits the third downlink signal to the service antenna;

[0029] The second node receives a third uplink signal transmitted by the service antenna, performs up-conversion processing on the third uplink signal to obtain a first uplink signal, and transmits the first uplink signal to the first node. The first node performs down-conversion processing on the first uplink signal to obtain a second uplink signal, and transmits the second uplink signal to the macro base station; and / or,

[0030] wherein, the carrier frequency bands of the second downlink signal and the first uplink signal are within a preset intermediate frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency bands of the third downlink signal and the third uplink signal are within a preset low frequency carrier frequency band range.

[0031] Optionally, the first node is provided with at least one first antenna, and the first antenna is used to receive the first uplink signal sent by the second node and transmit the second downlink signal to the second node;

[0032] The method further includes:

[0033] Adjusting the beam direction and gain of the at least one first antenna according to the environmental change information around the macro base station;

[0034] wherein, the gain of the at least one first antenna is adjusted based on the following formula:

[0035]

[0036] wherein, G(θ) is the gain of the at least one first antenna in the direction θ; G max is the gain upper limit value of the at least one first antenna; N is the number of array antenna units of the at least one first antenna; d is the antenna unit spacing of the at least one first antenna; and λ is the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the first antenna.

[0037] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0038] Adjust the transmission power of the first antenna based on the link state information of the macro base station, where the link state information includes the transmission power, noise power, and interference power of the macro base station;

[0039] Among them, the transmission power of the first antenna is adjusted based on the following formula:

[0040]

[0041] Among them, P optimal represents the transmission power of the first antenna; P represents the transmission power of the macro base station; N0 represents the noise power of the macro base station; I(P) represents the interference power related to the transmission power of the macro base station.

[0042] In the embodiments of the present application, a first node is deployed at the macro base station, and a second node is deployed outdoors. In the downlink, the first node converts the signal with a frequency band within the preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range into a signal with a frequency band within the preset intermediate-frequency carrier frequency band range and transmits it to the second node, and the second node then down-converts it back to the original frequency and distributes it to the indoor service antenna. In the uplink, the second node converts the signal with a frequency band within the preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range into a signal with a frequency band within the preset intermediate-frequency carrier frequency band range and transmits it to the first node, and the first node then down-converts it back to the original frequency and transmits it to the macro base station.

[0043] Thus, through the intermediate-frequency wave connector composed of the first node and the second node deployed between the macro base station and the indoor service antenna, efficient signal transmission and coverage are achieved, enabling the macro base station and the indoor cellular network to support the transmission of higher-frequency signals and improving the spectrum utilization rate. At the same time, by flexibly deploying the first node and the second node, the cellular signal can cover a wider area and provide a stronger signal coverage. Description of the Drawings

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0045] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the deployment architecture of a communication networking system in the embodiments of the present application;

[0046] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the structures of the first node and the second node in

[0047] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a communication networking method in the embodiments of the present application;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0050] To make the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following first introduces the relevant technical knowledge involved in the embodiments of the present application as follows:

[0051] In the related art, Femtocell extends the indoor cellular network coverage and capacity by installing a small base station indoors and connecting it to the operator's core network through a fiber core or a wired connection. Femtocell usually only supports specific carrier frequency bands, mainly concentrated in the frequency bands below 3 GHz of 4G and 5G networks, which means that Femtocell cannot support the 4.9 GHz band. Therefore, in the case where the 4.9 GHz band needs to be covered, Femtocell cannot be used. Femtocell usually needs to be connected to the core network through a fiber core or a wired connection, which requires expensive infrastructure investment. At the same time, the coverage range of Femtocell is limited by its transmission power and antenna configuration, resulting in possible coverage deficiencies in large buildings or wide areas. In addition, Femtocell operates in a specific frequency band and is also easily interfered by the surrounding environment and other Femtocells, resulting in low spectrum utilization. Femtocell needs to be integrated and coordinated with the existing cellular network, which may cause interference or instability to the existing network.

[0052] Currently, the disadvantage of using the 4.9 GHz frequency is higher propagation attenuation, especially when penetrating buildings. The commonly used coated glass windows for thermal insulation also strongly attenuate the 4.9 GHz radio frequency signal. Therefore, it is difficult for indoor users to immediately benefit from the 4.9 GHz frequency in existing outdoor cellular network sites. The solution for indoor large data capacity in the related art is to deploy wireless networks and use small base stations inside buildings, including various forms of micro base stations and indoor distributed systems. However, despite the many advantages of small base stations, such as reducing inter-cell interference, increasing uplink capacity due to reduced path loss, and improving the reliability of macro cells, the deployment of small base station infrastructure is often costly. Especially when new fiber connections are required, it is difficult and expensive to meet strict backhaul latency and data rate requirements (>1 Gb / s). Providing better indoor mobile network capacity can also be achieved through relays (decode and forward) or repeaters (amplify and forward). However, these solutions do not increase the additional capacity indoors, but only bridge the capacity gap between indoor and outdoor links.

[0053] To solve the above technical deficiencies, the embodiments of the present application provide a communication networking system and method, which convert the cellular signal at a preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range installed in a macro base station into a signal at a preset intermediate-frequency carrier frequency band range for use by terminal devices in a building or for enhancing the cellular signal in mobile scenarios such as railway tracks. The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings through specific embodiments and their application scenarios.

[0054] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the deployment architecture of a communication networking system provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication networking system includes a macro base station 101, a first node 102 connected to the macro base station 101, a second node 103 deployed outdoors, and a service antenna 104 deployed indoors;

[0055] The first node 102 is configured to receive a first downlink signal transmitted by the macro base station 101, perform up-conversion processing on the first downlink signal to obtain a second downlink signal, and transmit the second downlink signal to the second node 102, and / or, the first node 102 is configured to receive a first uplink signal transmitted by the second node 103, perform down-conversion processing on the first uplink signal to obtain a second uplink signal, and transmit the second uplink signal to the macro base station 101; wherein, the carrier frequency band of the second downlink signal is within the preset intermediate-frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency band of the second uplink signal is within the preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range;

[0056] The second node 103 is configured to receive the second downlink signal transmitted by the first node 102, perform down-conversion processing on the second downlink signal to obtain a third downlink signal, and transmit the third downlink signal to the service antenna 104, and / or, the second node 103 is configured to receive the third uplink signal transmitted by the service antenna 104, perform up-conversion processing on the third uplink signal to obtain the first uplink signal, and transmit the first uplink signal to the first node 102; wherein, the carrier frequency band of the third downlink signal is within a preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency band of the third uplink signal is within a preset intermediate-frequency carrier frequency band range.

[0057] It should be noted that the above-mentioned macro base station 101 (Macro Base Station) can be a traditional cellular base station with a coverage radius of 500m to 2km, and its operating frequency band can be Sub-6GHz (such as 3.5GHz), and it has the function of a base station controller. The first node 102 can be installed on the macro base station and connected to the macro base station to replace the passive antenna. The second node 103 can be installed near the window or on the outer wall of the building, and transmit cellular network signals at the frequency within the original preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range inside the building, such as transmitting cellular network signals at the frequency of 3 - 4.9GHz.

[0058] It can be understood that the above-mentioned preset intermediate-frequency carrier frequency band can be 3 - 4.9GHz, and the above-mentioned preset intermediate-frequency carrier frequency band range can be 6GHz. That is to say, the above-mentioned up-conversion processing can be to mix the baseband signal with the local oscillator signal to raise it to a higher frequency band (such as raising from 3GHz to 6GHz). The above-mentioned down-conversion processing can be to restore the high-frequency signal to the baseband through band-pass filtering + mixing (such as restoring from 6GHz to 3GHz).

[0059] In some embodiments, in the downlink, the macro base station 101 can provide a first downlink signal (i.e., the contribution signal) within a preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range (such as within the range of 3 - 4.9GHz). The first node 102 up-converts the first downlink signal to a frequency within the preset intermediate-frequency carrier frequency band range, and transmits the obtained second downlink signal to the second node 103. The second node 103 down-converts the received second downlink signal to the frequency within the original preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range, and then sends it to the indoor terminal device through the indoor service antenna 104.

[0060] In some other embodiments, in the uplink, the cellular network signal is transmitted in a direction opposite to the signal transmission direction in the above-mentioned uplink. The serving antenna 104 receives the third uplink signal transmitted by the indoor terminal device, and then the serving antenna 104 transmits the third uplink signal to the second node 103. The second node 103 up-converts the third uplink signal to a frequency within the range of a preset intermediate frequency carrier frequency band (for example, a frequency of 6 GHz) to obtain a first uplink signal. Then, the second node 103 transmits the first uplink signal to the first node 102, and the first node 102 down-converts the first uplink signal to a frequency within the range of a preset low-frequency carrier frequency band (for example, a frequency within 3 - 4.9 GHz) to obtain a second uplink signal, and transmits the second uplink signal to the macro base station 101.

[0061] It can be understood that the process of transmitting the uplink signal in the above-mentioned uplink can be regarded as analog radio frequency (RF) fronthaul. Through out-of-band amplification and forwarding relay, efficient signal transmission and coverage are achieved.

[0062] Thus, in a communication networking system 100 according to an embodiment of the present application, by setting a wireless access link between the macro base station 101 and the indoor terminal, the wireless access link transmits signals between the first node 102 and the second node 103 through 6 GHz intermediate frequency waves, enabling the macro base station 101 and the indoor cellular network to support the transmission of higher frequency band signals, improving the spectrum utilization rate. At the same time, by flexibly deploying the first node 102 and the second node 103, the cellular signal coverage is extended to a wider area, providing stronger signal coverage and capacity support.

[0063] Optionally, the first downlink signal and the second uplink signal are cellular signals with a carrier frequency band within the range of the preset low-frequency carrier frequency band, and the carrier frequency band of the cellular signal within the range of the preset low-frequency carrier frequency band is lower than 4.9 GHz.

[0064] In some specific embodiments, as Figure 1 shown, in the downlink, the macro base station 101 transmits a first downlink signal, and the indoor antenna 104 or the indoor terminal receives a third downlink signal. In the uplink, the indoor antenna 104 or the indoor terminal transmits a third uplink signal, and the macro base station 101 receives the second uplink signal transmitted by the first node 102. Since the propagation attenuation of the 4.9 GHz frequency is relatively high, especially when penetrating buildings, the 4.9 GHz radio frequency signal will be strongly attenuated, and it is difficult for indoor users to immediately benefit from the 4.9 GHz frequency of the existing cellular network outdoor sites. Therefore, the wireless access link between the macro base station 101 and the indoor serving antenna 104 can be set as a link based on a 6 GHz intermediate frequency wave connector composed of the first node 102 and the second node 103.

[0065] Among them, the two end nodes of the link based on the 6GHz intermediate frequency wave connector are the first node 102 and the second node 103. The first node 102 and the second node 103 can convert the cellular signal of 3 - 4.9Ghz into the intermediate frequency wave frequency of 6Ghz. It can be understood that the signal transmitted between the first node 102 and the second node 103 is the intermediate frequency wave frequency of 6Ghz, and the first downlink signal and the second uplink signal transmitted between the first node 102 and the macro base station 101 are cellular signals within the preset low frequency band range, that is, the cellular signal of 3 - 4.9Ghz. The third downlink signal and the third uplink signal transmitted between the second node 103 and the service antenna 104 are also cellular signals within the preset low frequency band range, that is, the cellular signal of 3 - 4.9Ghz.

[0066] In this way, the embodiment of the present application realizes the bidirectional wireless transmission of RF signals through the 6GHz intermediate frequency wave frequency, thereby significantly reducing the deployment cost and improving the flexibility of the system, realizing the transmission of 3 - 4.9GHz mobile network signals in indoor or poorly covered areas, reducing the dependence on fiber core links, and providing efficient network coverage and capacity support at lower cost and higher flexibility.

[0067] Optionally, the first node 102 includes a first signal interface 1021, a first controller 1022, a first upconverter 1023, a first downconverter 1024, and at least one first antenna 1025;

[0068] Among them, the first signal interface 1021 is connected to the radio frequency port of the radio frequency unit of the macro base station 101, and the first end of the first upconverter 1023 is connected to the first signal interface 1021 for receiving the first downlink signal;

[0069] The first controller 1022 is used to control the first upconverter 1023 to perform upconversion processing on the first downlink signal, and control the first downconverter 1024 to perform downconversion processing on the first uplink signal;

[0070] The second end of the first upconverter 1023 is connected to the at least one first antenna 1025 for transmitting the second downlink signal to the second node 103. The first end of the first downconverter 1024 is connected to the first signal interface 1021 for transmitting the second uplink signal to the first signal interface 1021;

[0071] The second end of the first downconverter 1024 is connected to the at least one first antenna 1025 for receiving the first uplink signal sent by the second node 103 and transmitting the second downlink signal to the second node 103.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present application, asFigure 2 As shown in Figure 2 , the first node 102 may be configured with a first signal interface 1021, a first controller 1022, a first upconverter 1023, a first downconverter 1024, and at least one first antenna 1025. Among them, the first signal interface 1021 may be directly connected to the radio frequency port of the radio unit (RU) in the macro base station to receive the cellular signal in the range of 3 - 4.9 GHz transmitted by the macro base station 101. The first controller 1022 may be a radio frequency system on chip field-programmable gate array (RFSoC FPGA) with a central processing unit (CPU), and this RFSoC FPGA may be used for the processing and control of the signals received by the first node 102, such as the analysis of uplink signals or downlink signals, the control of beamforming antennas, and the system operation management, etc. The first upconverter 1023 is the downlink upconverter for processing downlink signals, and the first downconverter 1024 is the uplink downconverter for processing uplink signals.

[0073] In addition, Figure 2 the first node 102 is also configured with a first positioning module and a positioning antenna. The first positioning module and the positioning antenna may be a positioning device, such as a global positioning system (GPS) or other positioning devices, for obtaining the geographical location information of the first node 102.

[0074] In some embodiments, in the downlink, after the first node 102 receives the first downlink signal transmitted by the macro base station 101 through the first signal interface 1021, the first controller 1022 controls the first upconverter 1023 to perform upconversion processing on the received first downlink signal, converting the first downlink signal in the range of 3 - 4.9 GHz into a second downlink signal with a 6 GHz wave frequency. Subsequently, the at least one first antenna 1025 transmits the second downlink signal to the second node 103. This upconversion process can be represented by the following formula:

[0075] f 6GHz =f 3-4.9GHz +f LO ;

[0076] wherein, f 6GHz represents the frequency of the converted second downlink signal; f 3-4.9 G Hz represents the original signal frequency of the macro base station; f LORepresents the frequency of the local oscillator within the first node. Among them, the signal of the local oscillator can be mixed with the reference signal provided by the first positioning module, which can prevent carrier frequency drift and thus ensure the stability of the signal.

[0077] In some other embodiments, in the uplink, the first node 102 receives the first uplink signal transmitted by the first node 102 through at least one first antenna 1025. The first antenna 1025 transmits the first uplink signal to the first downconverter 1024 under the control of the first controller 1022. The first downconverter 1024 performs downconversion processing on the first uplink signal under the control of the first controller 1022, converting the first uplink signal of 6 GHz into a second uplink signal within the range of 3 - 4.9 GHz. Subsequently, the first downconverter 1024 transmits the second uplink signal to the first communication interface 1021, and the macro base station 101 thus receives the second uplink signal. This downconversion process can be represented by the following formula: f 3-4.9GHz = f 6GHz - f LO .

[0078] In this way, through the settings of each module in the first node 102 of the embodiments of the present application, the rapid conversion of cellular signals in different carrier frequency bands is achieved. Through modular hardware design, the first node 102 can be flexibly configured according to actual needs, realizing plug-and-play rapid deployment, greatly reducing the installation and maintenance costs, and improving the scalability and adaptability of the communication networking system 100.

[0079] Optionally, the second node 103 includes a second signal interface 1031, a second controller 1032, a second upconverter 1033, a second downconverter 1034, and a second antenna 1035;

[0080] Among them, the second signal interface 1031 is communicatively connected to the service antenna 104, and is used to receive the third uplink signal transmitted by the service antenna 104, and to transmit the third downlink signal to the service antenna 104;

[0081] The second antenna 1035 is used to receive the second downlink signal transmitted by the first node 102, and to transmit the first uplink signal to the first node 102;

[0082] The second controller 1032 is used to control the second upconverter 1033 to perform upconversion processing on the third uplink signal, and to control the second downconverter 1034 to perform downconversion processing on the second downlink signal;

[0083] The first end of the second upconverter 1033 is connected to the second antenna 1035 and is used to transmit the first uplink signal to the first node 102. The second end of the second upconverter 1033 is connected to the second signal interface 1031 and is used to receive the third uplink signal;

[0084] The first end of the second downconverter 1034 is connected to the second antenna 1035 and is used to receive the second downlink signal. The second end of the second downconverter 1034 is connected to the second signal interface 1031 and is used to transmit the third downlink signal to the second node 103.

[0085] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, the second node 103 may be configured with a second signal interface 1031. The second signal interface 1031 may be provided with multiple antennas. The antennas provided by the second signal interface 1031 transmit the third uplink signal to the service antenna 104 installed indoors, or receive the third downlink signal transmitted by the service antenna 104. It is worth mentioning that both the third uplink signal and the third downlink signal are cellular signals whose carrier frequency bands are within the preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range, that is, the carrier frequency bands of both the third uplink signal and the third downlink signal are less than 4.9 GHz. Therefore, the third uplink signal and the third downlink signal can pass through walls or windows and be received by the indoor service antenna 104. At this time, the propagation attenuation effect of the walls or windows on the third uplink signal and the third downlink signal is weak. It can be seen that the embodiments of the present application can overcome the significant attenuation problem of high-frequency signals when penetrating buildings in the related art.

[0086] Among them, the second node 103 is further configured with a second controller 1032, a second upconverter 1033, a second downconverter 1034, and a second antenna 1035. Among them, the second controller 1032 may also be an RFSoC FPGA with a CPU. The RFSoC FPGA may be used for processing and controlling the signals received by the second node 103, such as the analysis of uplink signals or downlink signals, the control of beamforming antennas, and the system operation management, etc. The second upconverter 1033 is the downlink upconverter for processing downlink signals, and the first downconverter 1034 is the uplink downconverter for processing uplink signals.

[0087] In addition, Figure 2 the second node 103 is further configured with a second positioning module and a positioning antenna. The second positioning module and the positioning antenna may also be a positioning device, such as GPS or other positioning devices, and are used to obtain the geographical location information of the second node.

[0088] In some specific embodiments, for the third uplink signal transmitted by the service antenna 104, under the control of the second controller 1032, the second node 103 can perform up-conversion processing through the second up-converter 1033 in the second node 103 above, converting the third uplink signal within the range of 3 - 4.9 GHz into a first uplink signal with a wave frequency of 6 GHz, and then transmitting the first uplink signal to the first antenna 1025 through the second antenna 1035. For the above embodiments, the process of the second up-converter 1033 performing up-conversion processing on the third uplink signal can refer to the process of the first up-converter 1023 in the first node 102 above performing up-conversion processing on the first downlink signal. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0089] In some other specific embodiments, in the downlink, the second node 102 receives the second downlink signal transmitted by the first antenna 1025 through the second antenna 1035. The second antenna 1035 transmits the second downlink signal to the second down-converter 1034 under the control of the second controller 1032. The second down-converter 1034 performs down-conversion processing on the second downlink signal under the control of the second controller 1032, converting the 6 GHz second downlink signal into a third downlink signal within the range of 3 - 4.9 GHz. Subsequently, the second down-converter 1034 transmits the third downlink signal to the second communication interface 1031, and the service antenna 104 thus receives the third downlink signal. For the above embodiments, the process of the second down-converter 1034 performing down-conversion processing on the second downlink signal can refer to the process of the first down-converter 1024 in the first node 102 above performing down-conversion processing on the first uplink signal. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0090] In this way, through the settings of each module in the second node 103 of the embodiments of the present application, the rapid conversion of cellular signals in different wave frequency bands is realized. Through modular hardware design, the second node 103 can be flexibly configured according to actual needs, achieving rapid deployment of plug-and-play, greatly reducing the installation and maintenance costs, and improving the scalability and adaptability of the communication networking system 100.

[0091] Optionally, the first node 102 is connected to at least one of the macro base stations 101, and the first node 102 allocates independent frequency bands and directional beams to each of the macro base stations 101;

[0092] The total capacity of the system is calculated based on the following formula:

[0093]

[0094] where C total represents the total capacity of multi-access multiplexing of the system; B i represents the bandwidth of the i-th macro base station; G idenotes the gain of the at least first antenna; N0 denotes the noise power of the macro base station; I i denotes the interference power of the i-th macro base station.

[0095] In some embodiments, the communication networking system 100 may relay multiple contributing macro base stations 101 through a 6 GHz intermediate frequency wave connector. That is, a first node 102 may receive signals transmitted by multiple macro base stations 101. Specifically, the large bandwidth of the 6 GHz intermediate frequency wave band supports Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), and the beamforming antenna with a narrow beam pattern allows multiplexing multiple base stations in different directions, providing Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) for multiple contributing macro base stations 101 sharing the same 6 GHz intermediate frequency wave band.

[0096] In this way, the embodiments of the present application implement dynamic allocation and multiplexing of spectrum resources through frequency division multiple access and space division multiple access by adopting intelligent spectrum resource management technology, thereby improving spectrum utilization and network capacity and avoiding the problems of spectrum waste and interference in related technologies. At the same time, by providing an independent wireless fronthaul link, the data capacity is increased without any changes to the existing network, thereby reducing the impact on the existing network and ensuring the stability and security of the network.

[0097] Optionally, the first antenna 1025 is a beamforming antenna;

[0098] The first node 101 further includes a first local oscillator 1026. The first end of the first local oscillator 1026 is connected to the first controller 1022, the second end of the first local oscillator 1026 is connected to the first upconverter 1023, and the third end of the first local oscillator 1026 is connected to the first downconverter 1024.

[0099] In some embodiments, the first node 102 may be configured with a high-gain beamforming antenna, such as using 2 to 6 electronically steerable beamforming antennas. Using the dynamic control function of the first controller 1022 RFSoC FPGA, the beam direction and gain can be adaptively adjusted according to real-time environmental changes. This adaptive beamforming technology not only improves the signal reception quality but also significantly reduces multipath interference, ensuring the stability of the link.

[0100] Further, in order to compensate for the higher path loss in the 6 GHz intermediate frequency wave frequency, the first antenna 1025 can be set as a high-gain beamforming antenna, allowing the beam direction to be adjusted during installation in a static scenario. In a dynamic scenario, such as the first node 102 of a macro base station serving a train or subway, the beamforming antenna allows the system to always serve the second node 103 closest to the train. Additionally, in Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) services, the first controller 1022 can dynamically allocate capacity between office buildings and residential buildings according to hourly demand or environmental changes, ensuring optimal signal coverage and link stability.

[0101] In addition, as Figure 2 shown, the first node 102 further includes a first local oscillator 1026. For specific details, refer to the foregoing description of the composition of the first node 102, which will not be elaborated here.

[0102] Optionally, the second antenna 1035 is a horn antenna or a panel antenna;

[0103] The second node 103 further includes a second local oscillator 1036. The first end of the second local oscillator 1036 is connected to the second controller 1032, the second end of the second local oscillator 1036 is connected to the second upconverter 1033, and the third end of the second local oscillator 1036 is connected to the second downconverter 1034.

[0104] In some embodiments, the first antenna 1025 and the second antenna 1035 can be used for signal transmission in the uplink and downlink. The first antenna 1025 can employ a directional beamforming antenna, while the second antenna 1035 can be a horn antenna or a panel antenna. Among them, the second antenna 1035 can use an antenna with a gain greater than 15 dBi, or the second antenna 1035 can be similar to the first antenna 1025 and both use beamforming antennas.

[0105] In addition, as Figure 2 shown, the second node 103 further includes a second local oscillator 1036. For specific details, refer to the foregoing description of the composition of the second node 103, which will not be elaborated here.

[0106] It can be seen that through the large bandwidth and beamforming antennas in the 6 GHz intermediate frequency wave band composed of the first node 101 and the second node 103 in the embodiments of the present application, it is possible to multiplex spectrum resources between multiple macro base stations and indoor terminals, achieving efficient regional capacity multiplexing, especially suitable for large-scale network deployments in high-density buildings and complex environments.

[0107] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication networking method, which is applied to a communication networking system. The communication networking system includes a macro base station, a first node connected to the macro base station, a second node deployed outdoors, and a service antenna deployed indoors. The method includes the following steps:

[0108] Step 201, the first node receives the first downlink signal transmitted by the macro base station, performs up-conversion processing on the first downlink signal to obtain a second downlink signal, and transmits the second downlink signal to the second node. The second node performs down-conversion processing on the second downlink signal to obtain a third downlink signal, and transmits the third downlink signal to the service antenna; and / or,

[0109] The second node receives the third uplink signal transmitted by the service antenna, performs up-conversion processing on the third uplink signal to obtain a first uplink signal, and transmits the first uplink signal to the first node. The first node performs down-conversion processing on the first uplink signal to obtain a second uplink signal, and transmits the second uplink signal to the macro base station;

[0110] Wherein, the carrier frequency bands of the second downlink signal and the first uplink signal are within a preset intermediate frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency bands of the third downlink signal and the third uplink signal are within a preset low frequency carrier frequency band range.

[0111] It should be noted that the communication networking method provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the above Figure 1 shown communication networking system. The same concepts and technical features involved in the embodiment of the present method as those in the Figure 1 shown embodiment will not be elaborated.

[0112] In a communication networking method of an embodiment of the present application, two-way wireless transmission of RF signals is realized through the deployment of the first node and the second node, thereby significantly reducing the deployment cost and improving the flexibility of the system, realizing the transmission of 3-4.9 GHz mobile network signals in indoor or poorly covered areas, reducing the dependence on fiber optic links, and providing efficient network coverage and capacity support with lower cost and higher flexibility.

[0113] Optionally, the first node is provided with at least one first antenna, and the first antenna is used to receive the first uplink signal sent by the second node and transmit the second downlink signal to the second node;

[0114] The method further includes:

[0115] Adjusting the beam direction and gain of the at least one first antenna according to the environmental change information around the macro base station;

[0116] Among them, the gain of the at least one first antenna is adjusted based on the following formula:

[0117]

[0118] Among them, G(θ) is the gain of the at least one first antenna in the direction θ; G max is the upper limit value of the gain of the at least one first antenna; N is the number of array antenna units of the at least one first antenna; d is the antenna unit spacing of the at least one first antenna; λ is the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the first antenna.

[0119] In some embodiments, at least one first antenna disposed on the first node may be a beamforming antenna, and the beamforming antenna may be dynamically controlled by a first controller RFSoC FPGA in the first node, and can adjust the beam direction and gain according to real-time environmental changes. For example, the gain of the first antenna is adjusted based on the above formula. Thereby, the embodiments of the present application ensure signal stability and coverage efficiency in various usage scenarios, and are particularly suitable for flexible deployment in static and dynamic environments.

[0120] At the same time, in the embodiments of the present application, the 6GHz intermediate frequency wave connector scheme does not require fiber core connection, and realizes signal transmission through wireless means such as the first antenna and the second antenna, reducing the deployment cost and complexity, and at the same time improving the flexibility and efficiency of system deployment.

[0121] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0122] Adjusting the transmission power of the first antenna based on the link state information of the macro base station, where the link state information includes the transmission power, noise power, and interference power of the macro base station;

[0123] Among them, the transmission power of the first antenna is adjusted based on the following formula:

[0124]

[0125] Among them, P optimal represents the transmission power of the first antenna; P represents the transmission power of the macro base station; N0 represents the noise power of the macro base station; I(P) represents the interference power related to the transmission power of the macro base station.

[0126] In some other embodiments, to cope with complex and ever-changing environments, a link adaptive adjustment technique based on machine learning can be adopted. Specifically, through the machine learning algorithm built into the first controller RFSoC FPGA in the first node, real-time analysis of the link state can be realized, and the transmission power, frequency selection, and beam direction can be adaptively adjusted according to the analysis results to ensure that the link performance always remains in the best state. The above formula is also the objective function of the link optimization process. Through the design of the above objective function, the embodiments of the present application can analyze the signal link state in real time and automatically adjust transmission parameters (such as transmission power, frequency selection, and beam direction) to ensure the best performance of the link in different environments.

[0127] It is worth mentioning that a communication networking system and method in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various scenarios. Exemplarily, it can be applied to the scenario of providing FWA services to buildings with poor penetration of outdoor macro base station networks. Among them, the first node can provide network access services for multiple surrounding buildings, and the macro base station is shared among the terminal devices in the buildings covered by the contribution link of the first node. In addition, according to the needs of the environment and covering a large area, multiple first nodes can be configured as contribution links to provide services for a building at the same time.

[0128] Exemplarily, it can also be applied to the scenario where the terminal device is continuously moving. A distributed antenna system can be deployed along the railway track to provide Internet connection and additional capacity for trains or subways. This scenario can be realized through an RF corridor. Compared with the Femtocell in the related technology, the expensive fiber-optic fronthaul link and the installation engineering cost of the distributed antenna system are replaced by 6Ghz intermediate-frequency wave connectors (i.e., the deployment of the first node and the second node). A first node can serve multiple 6Ghz intermediate-frequency wave connector second nodes installed at fixed intervals along the railway track to create a dedicated corridor base station. Thus, the embodiments of the present application can be flexibly deployed in various buildings and environments, with extremely high applicability and scalability, greatly reducing the deployment cost and complexity, and at the same time improving the flexibility and efficiency of system deployment.

[0129] The embodiments of the present application also provide an electronic device. Since the principle of the electronic device to solve problems is similar to that of the communication networking method in the embodiments of the present application, the implementation of the electronic device can refer to Figure 3 the implementation of the method shown, and the repeated parts will not be described again. As Figure 4 shown, the electronic device of the embodiments of the present application includes: a processor 310, configured to read a program in a memory 320 and execute the following process:

[0130] The first node receives a first downlink signal transmitted by the macro base station through a transceiver 330, up-converts the first downlink signal to obtain a second downlink signal, and transmits the second downlink signal to the second node through the transceiver 330. The second node down-converts the second downlink signal to obtain a third downlink signal, and transmits the third downlink signal to the serving antenna through the transceiver 330;

[0131] The second node receives a third uplink signal transmitted by the serving antenna through a transceiver 330, up-converts the third uplink signal to obtain a first uplink signal, and transmits the first uplink signal to the first node through the transceiver 330. The first node down-converts the first uplink signal to obtain a second uplink signal, and transmits the second uplink signal to the macro base station through the transceiver 330;

[0132] Wherein, the carrier frequency bands of the second downlink signal and the first uplink signal are within a preset intermediate frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency bands of the third downlink signal and the third uplink signal are within a preset low frequency carrier frequency band range;

[0133] The transceiver 330 is configured to receive and transmit data under the control of the processor 310.

[0134] Wherein, in Figure 4 The bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically, various circuits of one or more processors represented by the processor 310 and a memory represented by the memory 320 are linked together. The bus architecture may also link together various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, and thus will not be further described herein. The bus interface provides an interface.

[0135] Optionally, the first node is provided with at least one first antenna, and the first antenna is configured to receive the first uplink signal transmitted by the second node and transmit the second downlink signal to the second node;

[0136] The processor 310 is further configured to read a program in the memory 320 and further execute the following steps:

[0137] Adjust the beam direction and gain of the at least one first antenna according to the environmental change information around the macro base station;

[0138] Wherein, the gain of the at least one first antenna is adjusted based on the following formula:

[0139]

[0140] where G(θ) is the gain of the at least one first antenna in the direction θ; G max is the upper limit of the gain of the at least one first antenna; N is the number of array antenna elements of the at least one first antenna; d is the antenna element spacing of the at least one first antenna; and λ is the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the first antenna.

[0141] Optionally, the processor 310 is further configured to read a program in the memory 320 and further perform the following steps:

[0142] Adjust the transmission power of the first antenna based on the link state information of the macro base station, where the link state information includes the transmission power, noise power, and interference power of the macro base station;

[0143] where the transmission power of the first antenna is adjusted based on the following formula:

[0144]

[0145] where P optimal represents the transmission power of the first antenna; P represents the transmission power of the macro base station; N0 represents the noise power of the macro base station; and I(P) represents the interference power related to the transmission power of the macro base station.

[0146] The electronic device 300 provided in the embodiments of the present application can execute the method embodiments shown above Figure 3 The implementation principle and technical effects are similar, and will not be elaborated here in this embodiment.

[0147] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements each process of the communication networking method embodiment as described above Figure 3 and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here. Among them, the computer-readable storage medium is, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disc, etc.

[0148] The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program / program product. The computer program / program product is stored in a storage medium, and the computer program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement each process of the communication networking method embodiment as described above Figure 3 and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be elaborated here.

[0149] In several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and apparatuses can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of the apparatus or unit can be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0150] In addition, each functional unit in various embodiments of this application can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can be physically included separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware, or in the form of a combination of hardware and software functional units.

[0151] The above-mentioned integrated unit implemented in the form of a software functional unit can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The above-mentioned software functional unit stored in a storage medium includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute some steps of the transceiver methods described in various embodiments of this application. And the foregoing storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0152] The above is the preferred implementation manner of this application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle described in this application, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A communication networking system, characterized in that: It includes a macro base station, a first node connected to the macro base station, a second node deployed outdoors, and a service antenna deployed indoors; The first node is used to receive a first downlink signal transmitted by the macro base station, and perform up-conversion processing on the first downlink signal to obtain a second downlink signal, and transmit the second downlink signal to the second node, and\or, the first node is used to receive a first uplink signal transmitted by the second node, and perform down-conversion processing on the first uplink signal to obtain a second uplink signal, and transmit the second uplink signal to the macro base station; wherein the carrier frequency band of the second downlink signal is within a preset intermediate frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency band of the second uplink signal is within a preset low frequency carrier frequency band range; The second node is used to receive the second downlink signal transmitted by the first node, and down-convert the second downlink signal to obtain a third downlink signal, and transmit the third downlink signal to the service antenna, and\or, the second node is used to receive the third uplink signal transmitted by the service antenna, and up-convert the third uplink signal to obtain the first uplink signal, and transmit the first uplink signal to the first node; wherein the carrier frequency band of the third downlink signal is within a preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency band of the third uplink signal is within a preset intermediate-frequency carrier frequency band range.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The first downlink signal and the second uplink signal are cellular signals whose carrier frequency bands are within the preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range, and the carrier frequency bands of the cellular signals within the preset low-frequency carrier frequency band range are lower than 4.9 GHz.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The first node includes a first signal interface, a first controller, a first up-converter, a first down-converter and at least one first antenna; The first signal interface is connected to the radio frequency port of the radio frequency unit of the macro base station, and the first end of the first up-converter is connected to the first signal interface for receiving the first downlink signal; The first controller is used to control the first up-converter to perform up-conversion processing on the first downlink signal, and control the first down-converter to perform down-conversion processing on the first uplink signal; The second end of the first up-converter is connected to the at least one first antenna, and is used to transmit the second downlink signal to the second node; the first end of the first down-converter is connected to the first signal interface, and is used to transmit the second uplink signal to the first signal interface; The second end of the first down converter is connected to the at least one first antenna, and is used to receive the first uplink signal sent by the second node and transmit the second downlink signal to the second node.

4. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The second node includes a second signal interface, a second controller, a second up-converter, a second down-converter and a second antenna; The second signal interface is communicatively connected to the service antenna, and is used to receive the third uplink signal transmitted by the service antenna, and transmit the third downlink signal to the service antenna; The second antenna is used to receive the second downlink signal transmitted by the first node, and transmit the first uplink signal to the first node; The second controller is used to control the second up-converter to perform up-conversion processing on the third uplink signal, and control the second down-converter to perform down-conversion processing on the second downlink signal; The first end of the second up-converter is connected to the second antenna for transmitting the first uplink signal to the first node, and the second end of the second up-converter is connected to the second signal interface for receiving the third uplink signal; The first end of the second down converter is connected to the second antenna for receiving the second downlink signal, and the second end of the second down converter is connected to the second signal interface for transmitting the third downlink signal to the second node.

5. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The first node accesses at least one of the macro base stations, and the first node allocates an independent frequency band and a directional beam to each of the macro base stations; The total capacity of the system is calculated based on the following formula: Among them, C total represents the total capacity of the multiple access multiplexing of the system; Bi represents the bandwidth of the i-th macro base station; G i represents the gain of the at least one first antenna; N0 represents the noise power of the macro base station; I i represents the interference power of the i-th macro base station.

6. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that The first antenna is a beamforming antenna; The first node also includes a first local oscillator, a first end of the first local oscillator is connected to the first controller, a second end of the first local oscillator is connected to the first up-converter, and a third end of the first local oscillator is connected to the first down-converter.

7. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that The second antenna is a horn antenna or a plate antenna; The second node also includes a second local oscillator, a first end of the second local oscillator is connected to the second controller, a second end of the second local oscillator is connected to the second up-converter, and a third end of the second local oscillator is connected to the second down-converter.

8. A communication networking method, characterized in that: Applied to a communication networking system, the communication networking system includes a macro base station, a first node connected to the macro base station, a second node deployed outdoors, and a service antenna deployed indoors, the method includes: The first node receives a first downlink signal transmitted by the macro base station, performs up-conversion processing on the first downlink signal to obtain a second downlink signal, transmits the second downlink signal to the second node, the second node performs down-conversion processing on the second downlink signal to obtain a third downlink signal, and transmits the third downlink signal to the service antenna; and\or, The second node receives the third uplink signal transmitted by the service antenna, performs up-conversion processing on the third uplink signal to obtain a first uplink signal, and transmits the first uplink signal to the first node; the first node performs down-conversion processing on the first uplink signal to obtain a second uplink signal, and transmits the second uplink signal to the macro base station; The carrier frequency bands of the second downlink signal and the first uplink signal are within a preset intermediate frequency carrier frequency band, and the carrier frequency bands of the third downlink signal and the third uplink signal are within a preset low frequency carrier frequency band.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The first node is provided with at least one first antenna, and the first antenna is used to receive the first uplink signal sent by the second node and transmit the second downlink signal to the second node; The method further comprises: Adjusting the beam direction and gain of the at least one first antenna according to environmental change information around the macro base station; The gain of the at least one first antenna is adjusted based on the following formula: Among them, G(θ) is the gain of the at least one first antenna in the direction θ; Gmax is the upper limit of the gain of the at least one first antenna; N is the number of array antenna units of the at least one first antenna; d is the antenna unit spacing of the at least one first antenna; λ is the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the first antenna.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The method further comprises: Adjusting the transmit power of the first antenna based on link status information of the macro base station, the link status information including transmit power, noise power, and interference power of the macro base station; The transmit power of the first antenna is adjusted based on the following formula: Among them, P optimal represents the transmission power of the first antenna; P represents the transmission power of the macro base station; N0 represents the noise power of the macro base station; I(P) represents the interference power related to the transmission power of the macro base station.

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