Comprehensive fertilizing method for three-crop rotation in greenhouse

Abstract

The invention relates to a comprehensive fertilizing method for three-crop rotation in a greenhouse, and relates to the technical field of plant nutrition. The method comprises the following steps: selecting three different crops of tomatoes, muskmelons and corns in a greenhouse for crop rotation to form a three-crop rotation mode of early-cropping tomatoes in spring, summer-cropping muskmelons and later-cropping corns in autumn; the base fertilizer of the early-crop tomatoes in spring is composed of corn straw, an organic fertilizer, a compound fertilizer and soil which are mixed and composted, and the topdressing of the early-crop tomatoes in spring is applied by mixing an inorganic water-soluble fertilizer with an organic liquid fertilizer; the base fertilizer of the summer-stubble muskmelons is applied by adopting an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, and the additional fertilizer of the summer-stubble muskmelons is applied by adopting a fertilizing mode of mixing an inorganic water-soluble fertilizer with an organic liquid fertilizer; and the autumn-delay later-crop corn is fertilized in a fertilization-free manner. The problem of secondary salinization of greenhouse soil is solved, and continuous health of the soil is kept; and an ecological, healthy, green and harmonious cultivation mode is established.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant nutrition, and particularly relates to a comprehensive fertilization method for three-crop rotation in a greenhouse. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the planting area of greenhouse vegetables has been continuously increasing. In order to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of greenhouses, growers carry out multi-crop planting throughout the year for greenhouse vegetables, and the annual production mode shows diversification. However, during the planting process, some problems have also been found, such as soil compaction caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers and continuous decline in nutrient content; continuous cropping obstacles in the soil caused by continuous planting of a single variety for many years, leading to increased pests and diseases and secondary salinization of the soil, etc.

[0003] In view of this, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive fertilization method for three-crop rotation in a greenhouse to make up for the deficiencies of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a comprehensive fertilization method for three-crop rotation in a greenhouse. The purpose is to solve the problem of secondary salinization of greenhouse soil and maintain the continuous health of the soil; and establish an ecological, healthy, green, and harmonious cultivation mode.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0006] A comprehensive fertilization method for three-crop rotation in a greenhouse includes the following steps:

[0007] Select three different crops, namely tomatoes, melons, and corn, for rotation in the greenhouse. Plant early-spring tomatoes in early January, plant summer melons in mid-July, and plant late-autumn corn at the end of September, forming a three-crop rotation mode of early-spring tomatoes - summer melons - late-autumn corn;

[0008] For the base fertilizer of early-spring tomatoes, apply the decomposed product of the mixture of corn straw, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and soil. For the top dressing of early-spring tomatoes, adopt the fertilization method of mixing inorganic water-soluble fertilizer and organic liquid fertilizer; for the base fertilizer of summer melons, adopt organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and for the top dressing of summer melons, adopt the fertilization method of mixing inorganic water-soluble fertilizer and organic liquid fertilizer; for late-autumn corn, adopt a fertilization method without fertilization.

[0009] Among them, early January generally refers to January 1st to 10th; mid-July generally refers to July 10th to 20th, and the end of September generally refers to September 20th to 30th.

[0010] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0011] Furthermore, the application of basal fertilizer for early spring tomato crops includes the following specific methods: crush corn straw into small pieces, evenly spread the small pieces on the ground in the greenhouse, then sprinkle organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer on the small pieces, and then mix the small pieces, the organic fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer evenly with the soil to obtain a mixture. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 23-30:1. Cover with a plastic film, irrigate to keep the water content of the mixture at 50-60%, and compost for 40-50 days, then it is ready.

[0012] Furthermore, in the application of basal fertilizer for early spring tomato crops, the application rate of the corn straw is 1110-1270 kg / 667m 2 , and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the corn straw is 72-75:1;

[0013] In the application of basal fertilizer for early spring tomato crops, the organic fertilizer includes at least one of cow dung, sheep dung, and horse dung; the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 1590-1750 kg / 667m 2 , and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic fertilizer is 13-15:1;

[0014] In the application of basal fertilizer for early spring tomato crops, the application rate of the compound fertilizer is 23-26 kg / 667m 2 .

[0015] Furthermore, the application of top dressing for early spring tomato crops includes the following specific methods: during the fruiting period of tomatoes, apply the inorganic water-soluble fertilizer mixed with organic liquid fertilizer once every 8-10 days, for a total of 8-10 times; the application rate of the organic liquid fertilizer is 55-65 kg / 667m 2 , and the application rate of the inorganic water-soluble fertilizer is 5-6 kg / 667m 2 .

[0016] Furthermore, in the application of basal fertilizer for summer-crop melons, the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 1700-1800 kg / 667m 2 ;

[0017] In the application of basal fertilizer for summer-crop melons, the application rate of the compound fertilizer is 11.5-13.0 kg / 667m 2 .

[0018] Furthermore, the application of top dressing for summer-crop melons includes the following specific methods: when the melons are in the fruit-setting period and the melons grow to 50-70 g in size, apply the inorganic water-soluble fertilizer mixed with organic liquid fertilizer once every 5-7 days, for a total of 3-4 times.

[0019] Furthermore, in the top dressing of summer-crop melons, the application rate of the inorganic water-soluble fertilizer is 2.5-3.0 kg / 667m 2 , and the application rate of the organic liquid fertilizer is 55-65 kg / 667m 2 .

[0020] Furthermore, the raw materials of the organic liquid fertilizer in the topdressing application of early spring tomatoes and the topdressing application of summer-crop melons include water, gluten, sugars, and liquid Bacillus subtilis;

[0021] The preparation of the organic liquid fertilizer includes the following steps: mixing water, gluten, sugars, and liquid Bacillus subtilis, and performing aerobic fermentation for 30 - 40 days.

[0022] Furthermore, the gluten includes at least one of peanut bran and rapeseed bran; the sugars include at least one of molasses and brown sugar.

[0023] Furthermore, the mass ratio of water, gluten, sugars, and liquid Bacillus subtilis is 500 - 600:40 - 45:15 - 18:1;

[0024] The viable count of the liquid Bacillus subtilis is 0.15 - 0.3 billion / g, preferably 0.20 billion / g.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] (1) In a complete crop rotation cycle of the present invention, through measures such as returning corn straw to the field, applying organic fertilizers and organic liquid fertilizers, and reducing the application of chemical fertilizers, the nutrient content in the soil of the three crops of "tomato - melon - corn" is continuously adjusted, solving the problem of secondary salinization of greenhouse soil and maintaining the sustainable health of the soil;

[0027] (2) In the planting of summer-crop melons of the present invention, compared with the application of chemical fertilizers for tomatoes, the application of chemical fertilizers is reduced by 50%, which not only saves costs but also reduces soil secondary salinization; no fertilizers are applied when planting corn, and corn is used to absorb the remaining nutrients in the soil of the previous crop that have not been fully utilized, reducing soil salinity. After the corn straw is chopped and returned to the field, after its fermentation and decomposition, organic matter and minerals are slowly released into the soil, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0028] (3) During the planting process of the three crops of the present invention, the oscillating pollinator is used to pollinate tomatoes or bees are used to pollinate melons, and the electric powder spraying machine is used for comprehensive pest and disease control. It saves labor, has no deformed fruits, reduces the occurrence of gray mold, can improve the fruit setting rate and fruit quality of tomatoes, etc., and can improve the drug utilization rate of tomatoes or melons; using cow dung to ferment organic fertilizers and choosing peanut bran or rapeseed bran to ferment organic fertilizer liquid both save costs and have high fertilizer efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the flowering stage of corn of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a diagram of the pulverization of corn stalks of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the fruit - setting stage of the cherry tomato Jinfei of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the vine - stretching stage of the thick - rind melon Guimi No. 12 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the harvesting stage of the thick - rind melon Guimi No. 12 of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The principles and characteristics of the present invention are described below. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For those not specifying specific techniques or conditions in the examples, they shall be in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or in accordance with the product instructions. For reagents or instruments without indicating the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be purchased through regular channels.

[0035] Description of materials and reagents:

[0036] The peanut bran is provided by Fengyuan Breeding Farm in Yanshan District, Guilin City. The molasses is provided by Guangxi Binmi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The liquid Bacillus subtilis is provided by Zhengzhou Qifu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. The inorganic water - soluble fertilizer is provided by Hongchang Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. in Hebi City. The cow dung is provided by Fengyuan Breeding Farm in Yanshan District, Guilin City.

[0037] In this embodiment, three different crops, namely tomatoes, melons and corns, are selected for rotation in the greenhouse. Early - spring early - crop tomatoes are planted at the beginning of January, summer - crop melons are planted in mid - July, and autumn - delayed late - crop corns are planted at the end of September, forming a three - crop rotation mode of early - spring early - crop tomatoes - summer - crop melons - autumn - delayed late - crop corns; in order to better coordinate the nutrient requirements of different crops of "tomato - melon - corn", the soil nutrients are regulated through comprehensive soil fertility improvement in a complete rotation cycle; a comprehensive soil fertility improvement method for three - crop rotation in the greenhouse is provided.

[0038] This embodiment relates to a comprehensive soil fertility improvement method for three - crop rotation in a greenhouse, which includes the following steps:

[0039] Select three different crops, namely tomatoes, melons and corns, for rotation in the greenhouse. Early - spring early - crop tomatoes are planted at the beginning of January, summer - crop melons are planted in mid - July, and autumn - delayed late - crop corns are planted at the end of September, forming a three - crop rotation mode of early - spring early - crop tomatoes - summer - crop melons - autumn - delayed late - crop corns;

[0040] For the early - spring early - crop tomatoes, the base fertilizer is applied with the decomposed matter obtained by mixing corn straw, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and soil. The top - dressing of the early - spring early - crop tomatoes is applied by using a method of fertilizing with inorganic water - soluble fertilizer mixed with organic liquid fertilizer; for the summer - crop melons, the base fertilizer is applied with organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and the top - dressing of the summer - crop melons is applied by using a method of fertilizing with inorganic water - soluble fertilizer mixed with organic liquid fertilizer; for the autumn - delayed late - crop corns, a non - fertilizing method of soil fertility improvement is adopted.

[0041] Preferably in this embodiment, a comprehensive fertilization method for three-crop rotation of greenhouse vegetables includes the following specific steps:

[0042] Step 1: Establishment of three-crop rotation mode:

[0043] In terms of crop rotation arrangement, select three different families of vegetable crops, namely Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Gramineae, for rotation. Plant early-spring tomatoes in early January, summer muskmelons in mid-July, and late-autumn corn in late September to form a "three-crop rotation mode of early-spring tomatoes - summer muskmelons - late-autumn corn".

[0044] Step 2: Planting of tomatoes, muskmelons, and corn:

[0045] For tomatoes, select indeterminate cherry tomato varieties that are tolerant to weak light, resistant to low temperature, have good disease resistance, and high yield, such as Jinfei, Little Red Hat, Huangzhuan No. 2, etc. Respectively in mid-October and early November, use plug trays with full-nutrient substrates to cultivate the rootstocks and scions of tomato grafted seedlings. The rootstocks and scions are cultivated for 60 - 65 days and 40 - 45 days respectively, grafted in late December, and planted in early January of the next year. Pollinate the tomatoes with an oscillating pollinator and use an electric powder blower for pest and disease control. The harvesting period is from mid-late April to early July of the next year, about more than 2 months; for muskmelons, select thick-skinned melon varieties with good disease resistance, high temperature tolerance, high yield, easy pollination, and good quality, such as Guimi No. 12, etc. Raise seedlings in early July of the next year, with a seedling age of 12 - 15 days, plant in mid-July, select bees for pollination during the flowering period, and use an electric powder blower for pest and disease control, and harvest in mid-September; for corn, select early-maturing and cold-tolerant sweet waxy corn varieties with a short or medium growth period, such as: Yuecai Nuomai No. 2, Yuetian Nuomai No. 75, etc. Use plug trays with full-nutrient substrates to cultivate corn seedlings in mid-September of the next year, with a seedling cultivation time of about 7 - 10 days, plant in late September, and finish harvesting in late November. After the corn stalks are chopped by a machine, they are returned to the field.

[0046] Step 3: Comprehensive fertilization:

[0047] (1) Fertilization method for tomatoes:

[0048] ① Base fertilizer: For every 667m 2 Apply the decomposed product of "1100 kg of corn stalks + 1700 kg of organic fertilizer + 25 kg of compound fertilizer" mixed with the soil for composting.

[0049] After harvesting the corn in the greenhouse, cut down the corn stalks, directly cut them into 3-5 cm long particles with a straw chopper in the greenhouse, evenly spread them on the greenhouse floor, then sprinkle the fermented cow dung organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer on the corn stalk particles respectively, and then plow the land with a rotary tiller to mix the corn stalk particles, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer evenly with the soil, rake it flat, make high ridges, lay drip irrigation belts in the middle of the ridge surface, cover with plastic film, and irrigate each ridge with water for 20-30 minutes to keep the water content of the mixture at 50-60%. "Corn stalks, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer" are mixed and retted with the soil for 40-50 days, and the fermentation is basically over. The cultivated tomato seedlings can be transplanted.

[0050] ② Topdressing: Organic liquid fertilizer 60 kg / 667m 2 (Fermented from peanut bran, molasses, liquid Bacillus subtilis and water) + inorganic water-soluble fertilizer (balanced type 20-20-20 + TE) powder 5 kg / 667m 2 .

[0051] During the fruiting period of tomatoes, take inorganic water-soluble fertilizer, dissolve it, filter the organic liquid fertilizer, then add them to the mixing tank respectively, inject water to dilute and mix evenly, topdress once every 8-10 days, and apply a total of 8-10 times.

[0052] (2) Fertilization during the growth period of melons:

[0053] ① Base fertilizer: For every 667m 2 Apply "1700 kg of organic fertilizer + 12.5 kg of compound fertilizer". Compared with the base fertilizer applied to tomatoes, the compound fertilizer is reduced by 50%.

[0054] Evenly spread the cow dung organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer in the greenhouse, plow the land with a rotary tiller, rake it flat, prepare the land, lay drip irrigation belts and cover with plastic film, and then transplant melons.

[0055] ② Topdressing: Organic liquid fertilizer 60 kg / 667m 2 (Fermented from peanut bran, molasses, liquid Bacillus subtilis and water) + inorganic water-soluble fertilizer (balanced type 20-20-20 + TE) powder 2.5 kg / 667m 2 , compared with the topdressing of tomatoes, the inorganic water-soluble fertilizer is reduced by 50%.

[0056] During the fruit setting period of melons, when the melons grow to 50-70 g, dissolve the inorganic water-soluble fertilizer with water, dilute and filter the organic liquid fertilizer, then add them to the mixing tank respectively, fill it with water and mix evenly, turn on the drip irrigation system, and apply drip irrigation fertilization under the film to the crops by integrating water and fertilizer. Topdress once every 5-7 days, and apply a total of 3-4 times.

[0057] (3) Fertilization method during the growth period of corn:

[0058] When planting corn, there is no need to apply base fertilizer and topdressing, just water and prevent and control diseases and pests.

[0059] Planting corn has two benefits. Firstly, it can reduce soil salinity (by absorbing the remaining nutrients in the soil from the previous crop). Secondly, when the corn stalks are chopped and returned to the field, after fermentation and decomposition, they slowly release organic matter and minerals into the soil, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, reducing the accumulation of nitrates, and lowering the content of soluble salts in the soil, thereby alleviating the toxicity of salts to plants.

[0060] Among them, in step 1 mentioned above, there are three reasons in terms of crop rotation arrangement and crop variety selection. Firstly, for the single-span greenhouse, when covered with double-layer film in winter and spring, the temperature inside the greenhouse is maintained at 5 - 30 °C, and tomatoes will not suffer from cold damage or frost damage, which can meet the growth requirements of tomato seedlings. After mid-February, as the temperature gradually rises, the temperature inside the greenhouse is maintained at 15 - 30 °C, which can meet the requirements of the flowering and fruit-setting periods of tomatoes. Since heat-tolerant varieties are selected for thick-skinned melons, the temperature inside the greenhouse is maintained at 25 - 35 °C from July to September, which can meet the requirements of the entire growth period of melons. From September to November, the temperature inside the greenhouse is maintained at 18 - 35 °C, which can meet the requirements of the entire growth period of corn. Secondly, rotating three different families of vegetable crops, namely Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Poaceae, is to overcome the continuous cropping obstacles caused by planting a single crop, and corn can absorb excess nutrients and the corn stalks can be returned to the field. Thirdly, cherry tomatoes, thick-skinned melons, and sweet waxy corn have always been popular among the public, and there is a rich variety of seeds with moderate prices. If the planted products have high yields and excellent qualities, they will have great competitiveness in the market.

[0061] In step 2 mentioned above, by utilizing the heat preservation function of the greenhouse, a suitable growth environment for tomatoes is provided to ensure normal flower bud differentiation during the growth period of tomatoes. Pollination of tomatoes is carried out by an oscillating pollinator or pollination of melons is carried out by bees, which is labor-saving, produces no deformed fruits, reduces the occurrence of gray mold, and can improve the fruit-setting rate and fruit quality of tomatoes or melons. For pest and disease control of tomatoes or melons by an electric powder spraying machine, the utilization rate of pesticides can be improved, it is labor-saving, and the pest and disease control effect is good.

[0062] In step 3 mentioned above, the number of corn plants planted in the greenhouse is 2,860 - 3,020 plants / 667 m 2 , and the weight of the chopped particles of corn stalks is 1,110 - 1,270 kg / 667 m 2 , the application amount of cow dung organic fertilizer is 1,590 - 1,750 kg / 667 m 2 , and the compound fertilizer is 25 kg / 667 m 2, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of corn stalks is 72-75:1, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of cow dung organic fertilizer is 13-15:1. Mix "corn stalks, cow dung organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer" with soil in the above mass ratio for composting. Its carbon-nitrogen ratio is 23-30:1, and the fermentation can be quickly decomposed, which is beneficial to nutrient retention. The fertilizer efficiency of the fermented organic fertilizer is the best; for melons, compared with tomatoes, the base fertilizer and top dressing are applied, and the compound fertilizer and inorganic water-soluble fertilizer are both reduced by 50%, but the melon yield, fruit soluble solids and taste and flavor remain unchanged; the purpose of planting corn is one is to reduce soil salinity (absorb the remaining nutrients in the soil of the previous crop that have not been fully utilized); second, the corn stalks are chopped and returned to the field. After fermentation and decomposition, organic matter and minerals are slowly released into the soil, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0063] When composting organic fertilizer, cow dung is selected as the fermentation raw material for two main reasons: on the one hand, although chicken manure has the advantages of high nutrient content and strong quick-acting properties, it has a high salt content, may contain antibiotics, heavy metals or carry root-knot nematodes. Although the nutrient content of cow dung is not as high as that of chicken manure, cow dung has good safety, rich organic matter content, can provide long-term fertility for the soil, and can promote the reproduction of soil microorganisms. On the other hand, the cost is low. The cost of the organic fertilizer fermented from cow dung is 280-300 yuan / 1000 kg, and the price of commercial organic fertilizer on the current market is 800-1000 yuan / 1000 kg. The aerobic fermentation method is to select a greenhouse covered with plastic film. The four sides of the greenhouse are open and well-ventilated. Spread the cow dung, add the biological bacteria to the sprayer, dilute it with water and spray it evenly on the cow dung (cow dung: biological bacteria = 1000 kg: 5 L), stir evenly, pile it into an approximate cuboid shape with a width of 3-5 m and a height of 1-1.2 m, and then cover it with a sunshade net. Stir it once every 3-5 days and stir it 4-6 times. After 30-40 days of fermentation, the cow dung is basically decomposed. The reason for choosing aerobic fermentation is that most of the products after fermentation do not have a pungent smell, do not flow sewage, do not breed flies and maggots, and the environmental sanitation has been greatly improved. During anaerobic fermentation, most of the intermediate products often produce unpleasant odors.

[0064] For the commercial organic liquid fertilizers currently on the market, there are mainly organic seaweed liquid fertilizers, chitin seaweed organic water-soluble fertilizers, etc., with a price of 8 - 10 yuan / kg. However, the cost of fermenting organic liquid fertilizers using peanut bran or rapeseed bran is low, at 0.4 - 0.6 yuan / kg. The aerobic fermentation method adopted in this example selects the size of the container or pool according to the amount of organic liquid fertilizer required for the planting area. According to the raw material ratio, mass ratio (water: peanut bran or rapeseed bran: molasses or brown sugar: liquid Bacillus subtilis = 500:40:15:1), take well water or groundwater, peanut bran or rapeseed bran, molasses or brown sugar, and liquid Bacillus subtilis, pour them into the container or pool, mix and stir evenly, cover with an insect-proof net, and carry out aerobic fermentation. Then stir 1 - 2 times a day, and after 30 days, stir once every 2 - 3 days. Stirring is to provide the oxygen required for the decomposition of various proteins in peanut bran or rapeseed bran, and also to convert the contained nitrogen into various nutrients for the crops. After 30 - 40 days of fermentation, the organic liquid fertilizer is basically decomposed, presenting a dark brown or soy sauce-colored liquid, with residues sinking to the bottom and no foul smell. The fermented organic liquid fertilizer contains abundant macronutrients N, P, K, various micronutrients such as Ca, Fe, Zn, etc., as well as some nucleic acids or monosaccharides, free amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and a large number of Bacillus subtilis, which can provide the nutrient elements required for crop growth and enhance the abilities of drought resistance, cold resistance, and disease resistance. Bacillus subtilis can also inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the soil.

[0065] In summary, through the "three-crop rotation mode of early-spring tomato - summer muskmelon - late-autumn corn", the present invention selects three different families of vegetable crops, namely Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Gramineae, for rotation to overcome the continuous cropping obstacles caused by planting single crops. Moreover, corn can absorb excess nutrients and the corn stalks can be returned to the field. Pollination of tomatoes is carried out by an oscillating pollinator or muskmelons are pollinated by bees, which saves labor, produces no deformed fruits, reduces the occurrence of gray mold, and can improve the fruit setting rate and fruit quality of tomatoes. The utilization rate of pesticides can be improved by using an electric powder spraying machine for pest and disease control of tomatoes or muskmelons, which saves labor and has good pest and disease control effects. By mixing "corn stalks, cow dung organic fertilizer, and compound fertilizer" with the soil for composting, with a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 23 - 30:1, the fermentation can be quickly decomposed, which is beneficial to nutrient retention, and the organic fertilizer after fermentation has the best fertilizer efficiency. When applying basal fertilizers and topdressings to muskmelons, compared with tomatoes, the application rates of compound fertilizer and inorganic water-soluble fertilizer are both reduced by 50%, but the yield, soluble solids content, and taste and flavor of muskmelons remain unchanged. Planting corn can reduce soil salinity and absorb the remaining nutrients in the soil that were not fully utilized by the previous crop. After the corn stalks are chopped and returned to the field, after fermentation and decomposition, organic matter and minerals are slowly released into the soil, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Selecting cow dung as the fermentation raw material has a low cost of organic fertilizer fermentation, good safety, rich organic matter content, can provide long-term fertility for the soil, and can promote the reproduction of soil microorganisms. Selecting peanut bran or rapeseed bran as the main raw material for fermenting organic liquid fertilizer has a low fermentation cost, can provide the nutrient elements required for crop growth, enhance the ability of drought resistance, frost resistance, and disease resistance, and Bacillus subtilis can also inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the soil.

[0066] The following will be further described with specific examples.

[0067] Example

[0068] 1. Effects of different fertilization measures on the botanical traits, growth potential, soluble solids content, and yield of tomatoes.

[0069] Taking the planting of Jinfei as an example, Jinfei (cherry tomato, provided by Nongyou Seedlings (China) Co., Ltd.), with a planting density of 1600 plants / 667m 2 ; Two treatments were set for basal fertilizers:

[0070] Treatment 1, applying "1700 kg of organic fertilizer + 25 kg of compound fertilizer" per 667m 2 ;

[0071] Treatment 2, applying the decomposed product of composting "1100 kg of corn stalks + 1700 kg of organic fertilizer + 25 kg of compound fertilizer" mixed with the soil per 667m 2 ;

[0072] The topdressing methods for both Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 were the same: applying 60 kg of organic liquid fertilizer per 667m 2(Fermented from peanut bran, molasses, liquid Bacillus subtilis and water) + inorganic water-soluble fertilizer (balanced type 20-20-20 + TE) powder, 5 kg / 667 m 2 During the fruiting period of tomatoes, take the inorganic water-soluble fertilizer, dissolve it, filter the organic liquid fertilizer, then add them to the mixing tank respectively, inject water to dilute and mix evenly, topdress once every 8-10 days, for a total of 8-10 times.

[0073] After the cherry tomato Jinfei is planted and the vines are suspended, the two-vine pruning method is adopted. 30 days after planting, use a vernier caliper to measure the stem diameter, count the total number of leaves on the main branch, and observe the leaf color and growth potential; 180 days after planting, observe the fruit-setting ability of tomatoes, measure the soluble solid content, which is measured by the refractometer method (NY / T 2637-2014), count the number of spikes per plant, weigh the total fruit weight, calculate the average single fruit weight, and convert it to 667 m 2 Yield, and determine its taste and flavor by tasting. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1 Effects of different fertilization measures on the botanical traits, growth potential, soluble solid content and yield of tomatoes

[0075]

[0076] As can be seen from Table 1, 30 days after tomato planting, the stem diameter, leaf color and total number of leaves on the main branch of treatment 2 are better than those of treatment 1; 180 days after planting, the soluble solids, taste and flavor, number of fruits per spike, number of spikes per plant, single fruit weight and yield are all higher than those of treatment 1; compared with treatment 1, the yield increased by 28.5%.

[0077] 2. Effects of different fertilization measures on the botanical traits, growth potential, soluble solid content and yield of melons.

[0078] Taking Guimi 12 as an example for planting, Guimi 12 (thick-skinned melon, provided by Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), the planting density is 1500 plants / 667 m 2 ; Set 2 treatments for fertilization:

[0079] Treatment 1, basal fertilizer (apply "1700 kg of organic fertilizer + 25 kg of compound fertilizer" per 667 m 2 ), topdressing (60 kg of organic liquid fertilizer / 667 m 2 + 5 kg of inorganic water-soluble fertilizer / 667 m 2 , applied 4 times during the fruit-setting period).

[0080] Treatment 2, basal fertilizer (apply "1700 kg of organic fertilizer + 12.5 kg of compound fertilizer" per 667 m 2 , the compound fertilizer is reduced by 50%), topdressing (60 kg of organic liquid fertilizer / 667 m 2 + 2.5 kg of inorganic water-soluble fertilizer / 667 m 2, reduce the application of inorganic water-soluble fertilizer by 50%, and apply 4 times in total during the fruit setting period).

[0081] 30 days after planting, the botanical characteristics and growth potential of Guimi No. 12 were measured. At the harvest time, the soluble solids content and yield of Guimi No. 12 were measured. The detection methods of each indicator were the same as above. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0082] Table 2 Effects of different fertilization measures on melon botanical traits, growth potential, soluble solids content and yield

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] As shown in Table 2, 30 days after melons were planted, there was no difference in the growth potential of stem diameter, leaf color and total number of leaves on the main vine between Treatment 2 and Treatment 1; there was no difference in the soluble solids, taste and flavor, and single fruit weight between Treatment 2 and Treatment 1 at harvest time; the yield increased by 0.63% compared with Treatment 2. It can be seen that the effect of reducing the application of 50% compound fertilizer and inorganic water-soluble fertilizer in Treatment 2 on the botanical traits, growth potential, soluble solids content and yield of melons was negligible.

[0086] 3. Comparison of changes in soil pH, nutrients and water-soluble salts after comprehensive fertilization of different crops.

[0087] In the same greenhouse, in order to better coordinate the nutrient requirements of different crops of "tomato-melon-corn", a complete crop rotation cycle is used to regulate soil nutrients through comprehensive fertilization. Taking the planting of early spring cherry tomatoes Jinfei, summer thick-skinned melon Guimi No. 12, and late autumn sweet corn Yuefennuo No. 2 as an example, early spring tomatoes are planted in early January, summer melons are planted in mid-July, and late autumn corn is planted at the end of September. Three treatments and one control are set up, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown:

[0088] Treatment 1, basal fertilizer applied during the tomato growth period (per 667m 2 Apply "1100kg corn stalks + 1700kg organic fertilizer + 25kg compound fertilizer" mixed with soil for composting) and topdressing (organic liquid fertilizer 60kg / 667m 2 +Inorganic water-soluble fertilizer 5kg / 667m 2 , 10 times in total during the fruiting period), after tomato harvest, soil was collected from 5 points in the greenhouse and mixed evenly, with a sampling soil layer thickness of 0 to 20 cm;

[0089] Treatment 2, basal fertilizer applied during the melon growth period (per 667m 2 Apply "1700kg organic fertilizer + 12.5kg compound fertilizer", reduce compound fertilizer by 50%), topdressing (organic liquid fertilizer 60kg / 667m2 + Inorganic water-soluble fertilizer 2.5 kg / 667 m 2 , with a 50% reduction in inorganic water-soluble fertilizer and a total of 4 applications during the fruit-setting period. After the melons were harvested, soil was collected at 5 points in the greenhouse, mixed evenly, and the sampling soil layer thickness was 0 - 20 cm;

[0090] Treatment 3: No basal fertilizer or top dressing was applied during the maize growth cycle. After the maize was harvested, soil was collected at 5 points in the greenhouse, mixed evenly, and the sampling soil layer thickness was 0 - 20 cm;

[0091] Treatment 4 (CK): The original soil in the greenhouse. In the greenhouse, soil was collected at 5 points, mixed evenly, and the sampling soil layer thickness was 0 - 20 cm.

[0092] After the soil samples were collected, soil pH value, organic matter, hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total water-soluble salts were measured. Among them, the method for measuring soil pH value was "Determination of pH Value in Soil" NY / T 1377 - 2007; the method for measuring organic matter was "Soil Testing - Part 6: Determination of Soil Organic Matter" NY / T 1121.6 - 2006; the method for measuring hydrolyzable nitrogen was "Determination of Nitrogen in Forest Soils" LY / T 1228 - 2015, "Soil Testing - Part 24: Determination of Total Nitrogen in Soil - Automatic Kjeldahl Method" NY / T 1121.24 - 2012; the method for measuring available phosphorus was "Soil Testing - Part 7: Determination of Available Phosphorus in Soil" NY / T1121.7 - 2014, "Determination Method of Total Phosphorus in Soil" NY / T88 - 1988; the method for measuring available potassium was "Determination of Available and Slowly Available Potassium in Soil" NY / T889 - 2004, "Determination Method of Total Potassium in Soil" (Appendix A Sodium Hydroxide Fusion Method) NY / T 87 - 1988; the method for measuring total water-soluble salts was "Soil Testing - Part 16: Determination of Total Water-soluble Salts in Soil" NY / T 1121.16 - 2006. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0093] Table 3 Comparison of Changes in Soil pH, Nutrients, and Water-soluble Salts after Comprehensive Fertilization of Different Crops

[0094]

[0095] As can be seen from Table 3, the pH values among the treatments were between 6.28 and 6.96, and the soil acidity and alkalinity were normal. From Treatment 1 to Treatment 4, the measured values of each index showed a downward trend. The total water-soluble salts in Treatment 1 was 2.6 g / kg, resulting in secondary salinization; in Treatment 2, due to absorbing the surplus nutrients in the soil of the previous crop and reducing the compound fertilizer and inorganic flushing fertilizer by 50% respectively, the total water-soluble salts was 2.3 g / kg, only resulting in slight secondary salinization; in Treatment 3, no fertilizer was applied, and due to absorbing the surplus nutrients in the soil of the previous crop, the total water-soluble salts was 1.6 g / kg, and the soil salt content was normal.

[0096] It can be seen that through comprehensive soil fertility improvement, the present invention regulates the soil nutrients of the three crops of "tomato - melon - corn" planted, can make full use of the surplus nutrients in the soil of the previous crop in the greenhouse, and solve the problem of secondary salinization of the greenhouse soil.

[0097] 4. Economic benefit analysis.

[0098] For the "early spring tomato - summer melon - late autumn corn three - crop rotation mode", the costs mainly include costs such as seedlings, labor, and agricultural materials. The costs are calculated according to the average value of the actual market prices in the recent 3 years. Net income = total income - total cost, per 667 m 2 The costs, total income, and net income are shown in Table 4 below:

[0099] Table 4 Economic benefit analysis of the "early spring tomato - summer melon - late autumn corn three - crop rotation mode"

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] In summary, the present invention solves the problem of secondary salinization of the greenhouse soil and maintains the continuous health of the soil; it also grows fruits with high yield, good quality, flavor, good appearance, delicious taste and health, creating good economic benefits (net annual income of 40,600 yuan per 667 m 2 ), and establishes an ecological, healthy, green and harmonious cultivation mode.

[0103] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above - mentioned embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above - mentioned embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive fertilization method for three crop rotations in a greenhouse, characterized in that: The steps include: In the greenhouse, three different crops, tomatoes, melons and corn, were selected for crop rotation. Early spring tomatoes were planted in early January, summer melons were planted in mid-July, and late autumn corn was planted at the end of September, forming a three-crop rotation pattern of early spring tomatoes, summer melons and late autumn corn. The base fertilizer for early spring tomatoes is the decomposed material mixed with corn stalks, organic fertilizer, and compound fertilizer and soil. The topdressing for early spring tomatoes is a mixture of inorganic water-soluble fertilizer and organic liquid fertilizer. The base fertilizer for summer melons is organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer. The topdressing for summer melons is a mixture of inorganic water-soluble fertilizer and organic liquid fertilizer. The late autumn corn is fertilized without fertilizer.

2. The comprehensive fertilization method for three crop rotations in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application of basal fertilizer for early spring tomatoes includes the following specific methods: crushing corn stalks into particles, spreading the particles evenly on the ground in a greenhouse, then sprinkling organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer on the particles, and then evenly mixing the particles, the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer with the soil to obtain a mixture, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is 23 to 30:1, covering the ground with a film, irrigating to keep the water content of the mixture at 50 to 60%, and composting for 40 to 50 days.

3. The comprehensive fertilization method for three crop rotations in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application rate of corn stalks in the basal fertilizer application of early spring tomatoes is 1110-1270 kg / 667 m 2 , the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the corn stalk is 72-75:1; The organic fertilizer used in the basal fertilizer application of early spring tomatoes includes at least one of cow dung, sheep dung and horse dung; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1590-1750kg / 667m 2 , the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the organic fertilizer is 13 to 15:1; The application rate of compound fertilizer in the base fertilizer application of early spring tomato is 23-26 kg / 667 m 2 .

4. The comprehensive fertilization method for three crop rotations in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The topdressing of early spring tomatoes includes the following specific methods: during the tomato fruiting period, the inorganic water-soluble fertilizer mixed with organic liquid fertilizer is applied once every 8 to 10 days, for a total of 8 to 10 times; the application rate of the organic liquid fertilizer is 55 to 65 kg / 667 m 2 The application amount of the inorganic water-soluble fertilizer is 5-6 kg / 667 m 2 .

5. The comprehensive fertilization method for three crop rotations in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application rate of organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer of summer melon is 1700~1800kg / 667m 2 ; The base fertilizer for summer melon is medium compound fertilizer, and the application rate is 11.5-13.0 kg / 667 m 2 .

6. The comprehensive fertilization method for three crop rotations in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application of topdressing to summer melons includes the following specific methods: when the melons are in the fruit-setting period and the melons grow to a size of 50 to 70 g, apply the inorganic water-soluble fertilizer mixed with organic liquid fertilizer once every 5 to 7 days, for a total of 3 to 4 times.

7. A comprehensive fertilization method for three crop rotations in a greenhouse according to claim 6, characterized in that: The application rate of inorganic water-soluble fertilizer in the topdressing of summer melon is 2.5-3.0 kg / 667 m 2 The application amount of the organic liquid fertilizer is 55-65 kg / 667 m 2 .

8. A comprehensive fertilization method for three crop rotations in a greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The raw materials of the organic liquid fertilizer in the application of topdressing to early spring tomatoes and the application of topdressing to summer melons include water, gluten, sugar and liquid Bacillus subtilis; The preparation of the organic liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing water, gluten, sugar and liquid Bacillus subtilis, and performing aerobic fermentation for 30 to 40 days.

9. The comprehensive fertilization method for three crop rotations in a greenhouse according to claim 8, characterized in that: The gluten includes at least one of peanut bran and rapeseed bran; the sugar includes at least one of molasses and brown sugar.

10. The comprehensive fertilization method for three crop rotations in a greenhouse according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the water, the gluten, the sugar and the liquid Bacillus subtilis is 500-600:40-45:15-18:1; The number of live bacteria of the liquid Bacillus subtilis is 15 to 30 million / g.

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