A smart irrigation water and fertilizer application device

Abstract

The application discloses a water and fertilizer fertilizing device for intelligent irrigation, and relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilization. The water and fertilizer fertilizing device comprises a data acquisition mechanism, a user interaction system, a data acquisition processing system connected to the data acquisition mechanism, and a user interaction system electrically connected to the data acquisition processing system. The water and fertilizer fertilizing device further comprises an intelligent judgment system, an execution control system, a water and fertilizer deployment mechanism and an irrigation mechanism. In the application, the data validity judgment mechanism is combined to ensure the data authenticity and avoid misjudgment caused by sensor failure. The unmanned aerial vehicle acquisition component automatically samples when the soil is abnormal, and the manual detection and multi-source data fusion processing are combined to improve the response capability to complex soil changes. The image acquisition unmanned aerial vehicle analyzes the plant leaf state and growth condition, cooperates with the soil data to generate a differentiated water and fertilizer scheme, and solves the problem of matching the nutrient demand of plants in different physiological stages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilization technology, specifically to an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device and its control system. Background Technology

[0002] In agricultural planting, especially in large-scale monoculture, water and fertilizer application devices can be used to supply fertilizer on demand according to the needs of different growth stages of crops. This can greatly improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use, avoid resource waste, and reduce production costs. At the same time, through precise irrigation and fertilization, a stable and suitable growing environment can be created for crops, promoting their vigorous growth, increasing crop yield and quality, and enhancing their resistance to diseases and pests.

[0003] For example, CN118715968A discloses a micro-sprinkler irrigation device for intelligent irrigation, including a rotating micro-sprinkler assembly and a water supply assembly for supplying water to the rotating micro-sprinkler assembly. The rotating micro-sprinkler assembly includes a micro-sprinkler pipe, and a rotating micro-sprinkler head is fixedly installed on the top of the micro-sprinkler pipe. The micro-sprinkler pipe includes a bottom section, a middle section and a top section, and a rotation adjustment component is fixedly installed between the bottom section and the middle section and between the middle section and the top section.

[0004] However, in existing technologies, the collection of soil and plant growth information is crucial for realizing the intelligent operation of irrigation and fertilization devices. Only by collecting sufficient data can the timing and amount of irrigation and fertilization be rationally determined. However, existing intelligent irrigation and fertilization devices can only collect air temperature and humidity in the field microclimate and soil moisture after sprinkler irrigation. The effective operation of intelligent irrigation and fertilization devices requires a comprehensive understanding of the soil, plant, and atmospheric continuum. Collecting only air temperature and humidity in the field microclimate and soil moisture after sprinkler irrigation lacks data on soil nutrient status and plant physiological state. Plants have different fertilizer requirements at different physiological stages, and the physiological function of plants also affects their fertilizer requirements. Due to the lack of data on soil nutrient status and plant physiological state, it is impossible to accurately know the current soil fertility and the needs of plants at each stage. This leads to inaccurate matching of fertilization, which can easily cause nutrient imbalance, resulting in blind over-fertilization or under-fertilization. The former wastes resources, while the latter causes plants to lack nutrients. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent irrigation and fertilization device and its control system, to solve the problem that existing intelligent irrigation and fertilization devices can only collect air temperature and humidity in the field microclimate and soil moisture after sprinkler irrigation. The effective operation of intelligent irrigation and fertilization devices requires a comprehensive understanding of the information of the soil, plants, and atmospheric continuum. Collecting only air temperature and humidity in the field microclimate and soil moisture after sprinkler irrigation lacks data on soil nutrient status and plant physiological state. Due to the lack of data on soil nutrient status and plant physiological state, it is impossible to accurately know the existing soil fertility and the needs of plants at each stage. This leads to inaccurate matching of fertilization, which can easily cause nutrient imbalance, resulting in blind over-fertilization or under-fertilization. The former wastes resources, and the latter causes plants to lack nutrients.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device, comprising a data acquisition mechanism and a user interaction system. The data acquisition mechanism is externally connected to a data acquisition and processing system, which is electrically connected to the user interaction system. It also includes an intelligent judgment system, an execution control system, a water and fertilizer dispensing mechanism, and an irrigation mechanism. The data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected to the intelligent judgment system, the intelligent judgment system is electrically connected to the execution control system, and the execution control system is electrically connected to a real-time data feedback system. The data acquisition mechanism includes a drone acquisition component, a soil element detection sensor, a soil environment detection sensor, and a meteorological data acquisition device. The system consists of an image acquisition drone and a soil acquisition drone. The image acquisition drone is used to collect image information of plants, and the soil acquisition drone is used to collect soil samples from plant growth. The drone acquisition components, soil element detection sensors, soil environment detection sensors, and meteorological data acquisition devices are all electrically connected to the data acquisition and processing system. The data acquisition and processing system processes the data collected by the data acquisition mechanism and transmits it to the intelligent judgment system. The intelligent judgment system judges the data to determine and generate a water and fertilizer irrigation plan for the plants, and transmits the water and fertilizer irrigation plan to the execution control system. The execution control system controls the operation of the water and fertilizer dispensing mechanism, the irrigation mechanism, and the fertilizer supply mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the user interaction system consists of a system initialization module, a digital twin loading module, an anomaly warning module, and an automated irrigation module. The system initialization module is used to automatically check device connections and load user configurations when the system starts. The digital twin loading module maps farmland scenes in real time based on multi-source data fusion and 3D modeling technology, constructing a 3D model of the farmland scene and mapping it to a mobile terminal or computer terminal. The anomaly warning module is based on real-time collected soil data, plant growth status image data, and meteorological data, integrating crop growth models, historical data, and meteorological forecast data, using machine learning algorithms to dynamically identify abnormal states, and triggering alarms through threshold comparison and statistical analysis. The automated irrigation module is used to automatically control the operation of the control system according to preset rules.

[0008] Preferably, the intelligent judgment system comprises an edge computing preprocessing module, a cloud model iteration module, a problem judgment module, and an instruction generation module. Based on real-time collected soil and meteorological data, the intelligent judgment system filters invalid data through the edge computing preprocessing module before uploading it to the cloud model iteration module for feature extraction and pattern recognition. Machine learning algorithms are used to dynamically optimize control strategies and identify abnormal states. The edge computing preprocessing module processes raw data and filters invalid information using real-time stream processing technology. The cloud model iteration module, relying on the MLOps technology stack, dynamically adjusts model parameters through historical data backtraining and real-time feedback streams, achieving automated iteration and seamless updates of the algorithm version. The problem judgment module determines the problems existing in the plants and soil based on the calculation results of the cloud model iteration module. The instruction generation module generates water and fertilizer irrigation plans and control instructions based on the problem judgment results of the plants and soil, and transmits the plans and control instructions to the automated irrigation module.

[0009] Preferably, the execution control system adjusts the irrigation flow, fertilizer ratio, and root zone environmental parameters in real time by driving the irrigation flow adjustment module, fertilizer ratio adjustment module, and root zone environment adjustment module based on the control instructions generated by the intelligent judgment system. The real-time data feedback system transmits the real-time data of water and fertilizer irrigation to the execution control system and the user interaction system based on the Internet of Things sensor network.

[0010] Preferably, the upper part of the water and fertilizer mixing mechanism is fixedly connected to a fertilizer supply mechanism, and the bottom of the water and fertilizer mixing mechanism is connected to a water supply pipe. A flow meter and a valve are respectively installed on the surface of the water supply pipe. The water and fertilizer mixing mechanism includes a mixing tank. The upper part of the mixing tank is provided with a feed inlet, and a mixing component is installed on the upper part of the mixing tank. The mixing component is located at the center of the mixing tank. A liquid supply pump is also installed on the side of the mixing tank. A connecting main pipe is installed on the upper part of the liquid supply pump. A connecting branch pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting main pipe, and a No. 5 control valve is installed on the surface of the connecting main pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the fertilizer supply mechanism includes a fixed base, a telescopic rod fixedly connected to the upper part of the fixed base, a mounting frame fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod, and a spring provided on the surface of the telescopic rod. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the fixed base, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the mounting frame. A pressure sensor is installed between the mounting frame and the fixed base. A motor is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting frame, and a feeding pipe is fixedly connected to the other side of the mounting frame. A storage hopper is fixedly connected to the upper part of the feeding pipe. An auger rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. Multiple grinding rollers are rotatably connected to the end of the auger rod, and a grinding plate is fixedly connected to the end of the feeding pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the irrigation mechanism includes a first connecting pipe, the upper part of which is fixedly connected to a connecting branch pipe. The first connecting pipe is a U-shaped pipe, and a first control valve and multiple second connecting pipes are respectively installed on both sides of the U-shaped pipe. A sprinkler assembly is fixedly connected to the end of the second connecting pipe, and a second control valve is installed on the surface of the second connecting pipe.

[0013] Preferably, two No. 3 connecting pipes are fixedly connected to the surface of the No. 1 connecting pipe, and a No. 3 control valve and multiple No. 4 connecting pipes are fixedly connected to the surface of the two No. 3 connecting pipes respectively. The No. 3 control valve is used to control the water inlet of the multiple No. 4 connecting pipes. A drip irrigation component is fixedly connected to the end of the No. 4 connecting pipe, and a No. 4 control valve is fixedly connected to the surface of the No. 4 connecting pipe.

[0014] Preferably, a lifting mechanism is fixedly connected to the bottom of the irrigation assembly. The lifting mechanism includes a housing, a piston rod is slidably connected inside the housing, the top end of the piston rod passes through the housing and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the irrigation assembly, a limit ring is also fixedly connected inside the housing, the limit ring is located at the bottom of the piston rod, and a No. 5 connecting pipe and a No. 6 connecting pipe are fixedly connected to the surface of the housing respectively. A No. 6 control valve is installed on the surface of the No. 5 connecting pipe, a No. 7 control valve is installed on the surface of the No. 6 connecting pipe, and the No. 5 connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the No. 1 connecting pipe.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. In this invention, key nutrient data such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are acquired in real time through soil element detection sensors. Combined with temperature, humidity, and pH detected by soil environment detection sensors, this invention overcomes the limitations of traditional devices that only monitor air temperature and humidity and soil moisture after spraying. This provides data support for precision fertilization. Redundant soil element detection sensors and redundant soil environment detection sensors can re-collect invalid data items. Combined with a data validity judgment mechanism, this ensures data authenticity and avoids misjudgments caused by sensor failures. The drone data acquisition component automatically samples when the soil is abnormal. Combined with manual detection and multi-source data fusion processing, this improves the responsiveness to complex soil changes. The image acquisition drone analyzes the state and growth of plant leaves and generates differentiated water and fertilizer solutions in conjunction with soil data, solving the problem of matching the nutritional needs of plants at different physiological stages. This solution achieves coordinated monitoring and precise control of the soil, plant, and atmospheric continuum through multi-source data fusion, intelligent decision-making, and redundancy verification, effectively improving the scientific and economical nature of water and fertilizer management.

[0017] 2. In this invention, the redundant design of the water and fertilizer mixing mechanism and the irrigation mechanism ensures the continuous operation capability of the device under abnormal working conditions. Combined with the real-time monitoring and fault area location function of the data acquisition mechanism, the reliability and maintenance efficiency of irrigation operation are significantly improved. The fertilizer supply mechanism, together with the mixing box and mixing components, achieves precise ratio and uniform mixing of fertilizer. With the stable delivery of the liquid supply pump, the concentration of water and fertilizer solution is controllable, solving the problem of uneven fertilization in traditional fertilization. The modular design of the sprinkler and drip irrigation components, combined with the multi-level zone control of the first control valve, the third control valve, the second control valve and the fourth control valve, can implement differentiated irrigation for different areas and different plants.

[0018] 3. In this invention, the sprinkler assembly uses a hydraulic lifting structure between the piston rod and the housing, combined with an electronic pressure gauge to monitor the height in real time. The spraying height can be dynamically adjusted according to the plant growth cycle, such as low-height precision spraying during the seedling stage and high-level coverage during the mature stage, ensuring uniform adhesion of foliar fertilizer and improving nutrient absorption efficiency. The opening and closing control of control valves No. 6 and No. 7 enables rapid locking and resetting of the sprinkler assembly, avoiding the cumbersome operation of traditional mechanical adjustment and improving operational flexibility. The motor-driven auger rod works in conjunction with the grinding roller to crush the clumps of fertilizer in the storage hopper and transport them to the mixing tank through the feeding pipe, effectively solving the problem of concentration deviation caused by insufficient fertilizer dissolution and ensuring the accuracy of water-fertilizer ratio. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system flow of an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device according to the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the data acquisition mechanism in an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a top view of the irrigation mechanism in an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the irrigation mechanism in an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the lifting mechanism in an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of the lifting mechanism in an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the water and fertilizer dispensing mechanism in an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the fertilizer supply mechanism in an intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Data acquisition mechanism; 11. UAV data acquisition component; 12. Soil element detection sensor; 13. Soil environment detection sensor; 2. Irrigation mechanism; 21. Connecting pipe No. 1; 22. Control valve No. 1; 23. Connecting pipe No. 2; 24. Control valve No. 2; 25. Sprinkler irrigation component; 26. Connecting pipe No. 3; 27. Control valve No. 3; 28. Connecting pipe No. 4; 29. ​​Control valve No. 4; 210. Drip irrigation component; 3. Water and fertilizer mixing mechanism; 31. Mixing tank; 32. Mixing component; 33. Liquid supply pump 34. Connecting main pipe; 35. Connecting branch pipe; 36. Control valve No. 5; 4. Fertilizer supply mechanism; 41. Fixed base; 42. Telescopic rod; 43. Spring; 44. Pressure sensor; 45. Mounting bracket; 46. Feeding pipe; 47. Screw rod; 48. Grinding roller; 49. Grinding plate; 410. Storage hopper; 411. Motor; 5. Lifting mechanism; 51. Housing; 52. Piston rod; 53. Limiting ring; 54. Connecting pipe No. 5; 55. Control valve No. 6; 56. Connecting pipe No. 6; 57. Control valve No. 7. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1: Refer to Figures 1-9 As shown: An intelligent irrigation and fertilization device includes a data acquisition mechanism 1, a user interaction system, and an external data acquisition and processing system connected to the data acquisition and processing system. The data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected to the user interaction system. It also includes an intelligent judgment system, an execution control system, a water and fertilizer dispensing mechanism 3, and an irrigation mechanism 2. The data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected to the intelligent judgment system, the intelligent judgment system is electrically connected to the execution control system, and the execution control system is electrically connected to a real-time data feedback system. The data acquisition mechanism 1 includes a drone acquisition component 11, a soil element detection sensor 12, a soil environment detection sensor 13, and a meteorological data acquisition device. The drone acquisition component 11 consists of an image acquisition drone and a soil acquisition drone. The image acquisition drone is used to collect image information of plants, and the soil acquisition drone is used to collect soil samples of plant growth. The drone acquisition component 11, soil element detection sensor 12, soil environment detection sensor 13 and meteorological data acquisition device are all electrically connected to the data acquisition and processing system. The data acquisition and processing system performs real-time edge noise reduction, cloud secondary anomaly detection and feature engineering on the data collected by the data acquisition mechanism 1, and transmits the processed data to the intelligent judgment system. The intelligent judgment system is used to judge and determine the data, generate a water and fertilizer irrigation plan for the plants, and transmit the water and fertilizer irrigation plan to the execution control system. The execution control system is used to control the operation of the water and fertilizer dispensing mechanism 3, the irrigation mechanism 2 and the fertilizer supply mechanism 4.

[0031] The user interaction system consists of a system initialization module, a digital twin loading module, an anomaly warning module, and an automated irrigation module. The system initialization module automatically checks device connections and loads user configurations upon system startup. The digital twin loading module uses multi-source data fusion and 3D modeling technology to map real-time farmland scenes, constructing 3D models of farmland scenes and mapping them to mobile or computer terminals. The anomaly warning module uses real-time collected soil data, plant growth status image data, and meteorological data, integrating crop growth models, historical data, and meteorological forecast data. It employs machine learning algorithms to dynamically identify abnormal states such as drought and fertilizer damage risks, triggering alarms through threshold comparisons (e.g., soil moisture <40%) and statistical analysis (e.g., EC values ​​exceeding twice the average for three consecutive days). The automated irrigation module automatically controls the system operation according to preset rules. The intelligent judgment system consists of an edge computing preprocessing module, a cloud model iteration module, a problem judgment module, and an instruction generation module. The intelligent judgment system uses real-time collected soil and meteorological data, processed by the edge computing preprocessing module... After filtering out invalid data, it is uploaded to the cloud-based model iteration module for feature extraction and pattern recognition. Machine learning algorithms are used to dynamically optimize control strategies and identify abnormal states. The edge computing preprocessing module processes raw data and filters invalid information based on real-time stream processing technology. The cloud-based model iteration module relies on the MLOps technology stack (such as continuous integration / deployment CI / CD pipelines, automated model monitoring and A / B testing) to dynamically adjust model parameters through historical data backtraining and real-time feedback streams, achieving automated iteration and seamless updates of algorithm versions. The problem judgment module determines the problems existing in plants and soil based on the calculation results of the cloud-based model iteration module. The instruction generation module generates water and fertilizer irrigation plans and control instructions based on the problem judgment results of plants and soil, and transmits the plans and control instructions to the automated irrigation module. The execution control system, based on the control instructions generated by the intelligent judgment system, drives the irrigation flow adjustment module, fertilizer ratio adjustment module and root zone environment adjustment module to adjust irrigation flow, fertilizer ratio and root zone environment parameters in real time. The real-time data feedback system transmits real-time water and fertilizer irrigation data to the execution control system and user interaction system based on the Internet of Things sensor network.

[0032] In this embodiment, when managing water and fertilizer for the planted plants, multiple soil element detection sensors 12 and soil environment detection sensors 13 are installed in the soil. These are classified as necessary soil element detection sensors 12 and necessary soil environment detection sensors 13, and redundant soil element detection sensors 12 and redundant soil environment detection sensors 13. The necessary soil element detection sensors 12 measure the elements required for plant growth in the soil and collect relevant information, such as macroelements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The necessary soil environment detection sensors 13 collect data such as soil temperature, humidity, and pH value, and transmit the data to an external data acquisition and processing system.

[0033] First, the data acquisition and processing system determines the validity of the data collected by the necessary soil element detection sensor 12 and the necessary soil environment detection sensor 13. The validity of the data can be determined by the amount of data deviation within a set interval data acquisition time period. For example, if the soil moisture suddenly drops from 90% to 60% after a half-hour interval, the data is invalid. The validity of the data can also be determined by the reasonableness of the data. For example, if the soil temperature is 30 degrees Celsius and the ambient temperature is minus 5 degrees Celsius, the data is invalid. The validity of the data can be verified by combining the two methods. When the collected data is valid, the data acquisition and processing system continues to process the collected data. When the collected data is invalid, the redundant soil element detection sensor 12 or the redundant soil environment detection sensor 13 will re-collect the detection items corresponding to the invalid data to ensure that the collected data is true and valid.

[0034] If the calculation results of the data acquisition and processing system are consistent with the calculation results of the optimization model based on historical data and real-time feedback, it indicates that the soil change is normal. The intelligent judgment system extracts the characteristic information of the soil change. If the change is abnormal, the soil acquisition drone in the drone acquisition component 11 will sample the abnormal soil. The planting personnel will further test the sampled soil. After the test is completed, the test results will be input into the user interaction system. The intelligent judgment system will extract the manually input soil change characteristic information and perform multi-source consistency processing on the characteristics. The edge computing preprocessing module and the cloud model iteration module will generate specific water and fertilizer irrigation plans for the soil change characteristics.

[0035] While collecting soil data, images of plants are taken by drones, and the data is transmitted to the data acquisition and processing system. Similarly, the operation plan is obtained through the above process, and the specific water and fertilizer irrigation plan is determined based on the leaf condition and growth status of the plants.

[0036] By collecting meteorological information, soil moisture evaporation, crop transpiration, and fertilizer absorption efficiency can be predicted in advance, allowing irrigation plans to be dynamically adjusted. For example, if there is high temperature, low humidity, and no rain, the irrigation amount can be increased and nitrogen fertilizer can be supplemented. If there is rain and low temperature, irrigation can be suspended and the fertilization time can be postponed. Water conservation can be achieved by linking real-time meteorological data with automated irrigation modules.

[0037] The soil element detection sensor 12 acquires key nutrient data such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in real time. Combined with the temperature, humidity, and pH detected by the soil environment detection sensor 13, it breaks through the limitations of traditional devices that only monitor air temperature and humidity and soil moisture after spraying, providing data support for precision fertilization. The redundant soil element detection sensor 12 and redundant soil environment detection sensor 13 can re-collect data on invalid data items. Combined with the data validity judgment mechanism, the authenticity of the data is ensured, and misjudgments caused by sensor failure are avoided. The drone acquisition component 11 automatically samples when the soil is abnormal. Combined with manual detection and multi-source data fusion processing, the response capability to complex soil changes is improved. The image acquisition drone analyzes the state and growth of plant leaves and generates differentiated water and fertilizer solutions in conjunction with soil data, solving the problem of matching the nutritional needs of plants at different physiological stages. This solution realizes the coordinated monitoring and precise control of the soil, plant, and atmospheric continuum through multi-source data fusion, intelligent decision-making, and redundancy verification, effectively improving the scientific and economic aspects of water and fertilizer management.

[0038] During irrigation, the irrigation flow regulation module controls the irrigation flow according to the water and fertilizer plan, the fertilizer ratio regulation module mixes water and fertilizer of the corresponding concentration according to the fertilizer concentration requirements in the water and fertilizer plan, and the root zone environment regulation module regulates the soil temperature, humidity and pH by monitoring the soil environment through the soil environment detection sensor 13.

[0039] Example 2: Figures 1-9As shown, multiple water and fertilizer mixing mechanisms 3 are respectively fixedly connected to fertilizer supply mechanisms 4 on their upper parts. These mechanisms are divided into essential and redundant units. Each water and fertilizer mixing mechanism 3 has a water supply pipe connected to its bottom, with flow meters and valves installed on its surface. Each mechanism includes a mixing tank 31 with a feed inlet at its upper part and a mixing assembly 32 installed at its center. A liquid supply pump 33 is also installed on the side of the mixing tank 31, with a connecting main pipe 34 installed on its upper part. A connecting branch pipe 35 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting main pipe 34, and a control valve 36 is installed on its surface. The multiple irrigation mechanisms 2 are divided into essential and redundant units. Structure 2, irrigation mechanism 2 includes a first connecting pipe 21, the upper part of which is fixedly connected to a connecting branch pipe 35. The first connecting pipe 21 is a U-shaped pipe, and a first control valve 22 and multiple second connecting pipes 23 are respectively installed on both sides of the U-shaped pipe. The end of the second connecting pipe 23 is fixedly connected to a sprinkler assembly 25, and a second control valve 24 is installed on the surface of the second connecting pipe 23. Two third connecting pipes 26 are fixedly connected to the surface of the first connecting pipe 21. A third control valve 27 and multiple fourth connecting pipes 28 are fixedly connected to the surface of the two third connecting pipes 26 respectively. The third control valve 27 is used to control the water inlet of the multiple fourth connecting pipes 28. The end of the fourth connecting pipe 28 is fixedly connected to a drip irrigation assembly 210, and a fourth control valve 29 is fixedly connected to the surface of the fourth connecting pipe 28.

[0040] In this embodiment, after the water and fertilizer mixing mechanism 3 completes the solution ratio according to the irrigation plan, the water and fertilizer mixing mechanism 3 cooperates with the irrigation mechanism 2 to carry out irrigation operations. The data acquisition mechanism 1 monitors the fertilization status. When an irrigation abnormality is detected, the redundant water and fertilizer mixing mechanism 3 can be activated to cooperate with the irrigation mechanism 2 to carry out irrigation operations. When the redundant water and fertilizer mixing mechanism 3 and the irrigation mechanism 2 cannot complete the set irrigation operations, an alarm is issued to the personnel through the user interaction system. The data acquisition mechanism 1 collects data on the areas where irrigation has not been completed and identifies the problem area through the user interaction system, which facilitates personnel to investigate. During the overall operation, when the output data edge verification fails, personnel directly intervene to handle the problem and quickly eliminate the fault. Edge verification failure means that the real-time data verification executed on the edge computing device fails the preset rules.

[0041] Before water and fertilizer irrigation, the control system adds the required fertilizer to the mixing tank 31 through the fertilizer supply mechanism 4 according to the water and fertilizer irrigation plan. Then, a certain amount of water is injected into the mixing tank 31 through the water supply pipe. The water and fertilizer are mixed by the mixing component 32. Then, water and fertilizer are supplied through the liquid supply pump 33. The plants can be sprayed and irrigated through the sprinkler assembly 25. At the same time, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed. The plants can be drip-irrigated through the drip irrigation assembly 210 to achieve the purpose of water saving, precise irrigation, and precise fertilizer application. When it is necessary to adjust the soil pH, pH adjustment materials or acidic or alkaline fertilizers can be added to the fertilizer supply mechanism 4 to adjust the soil pH during water and fertilizer irrigation.

[0042] By collecting plant and soil information data through data acquisition device 1, the growth status of plants in different areas of the planting land and information such as soil elements and humidity can be accurately determined. By closing or opening control valve 22 and control valve 27, the water and fertilizer irrigation in different planting areas can be independently controlled and adjusted. By closing or opening control valve 24 and control valve 29, one or several plants in different areas can be precisely sprinkled or drip-irrigated. When only water irrigation is needed, water can be directly injected into mixing tank 31. By pre-burying geothermal exchange coils in the planting area, the soil temperature can be regulated, thereby providing a suitable environment for the root zone.

[0043] The redundant design of the water and fertilizer mixing mechanism 3 and the irrigation mechanism 2 ensures the system's continuous operation capability under abnormal conditions. Combined with the real-time monitoring and fault location function of the data acquisition mechanism 1, the reliability and maintenance efficiency of irrigation operations are significantly improved. The fertilizer supply mechanism 4, together with the mixing tank 31 and the mixing component 32, achieves precise proportioning and uniform mixing of fertilizer. With the stable delivery of the liquid supply pump 33, the concentration of the water and fertilizer solution is controllable, solving the problem of uneven fertilization in traditional fertilization. The modular design of the sprinkler irrigation component 25 and the drip irrigation component 210, combined with the multi-level zone control of the first control valve 22, the third control valve 27, the second control valve 24, and the fourth control valve 29, can implement differentiated irrigation for different areas and different plants. The multi-dimensional data perception capability of the data acquisition mechanism 1 supports the dynamic adjustment of irrigation strategies by the user interaction system. Combined with edge computing real-time verification and manual intervention mechanisms, the scientific nature and flexibility of system decision-making are ensured.

[0044] Example 3: Figures 3-9As shown, the fertilizer supply mechanism 4 includes a fixed base 41, a telescopic rod 42 fixedly connected to the upper part of the fixed base 41, a mounting frame 45 fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic rod 42, and a spring 43 provided on the surface of the telescopic rod 42. One end of the spring 43 is fixedly connected to the fixed base 41, and the other end of the spring 43 is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 45. A pressure sensor 44 is installed between the mounting frame 45 and the fixed base 41. A motor 411 is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting frame 45, and a feeding pipe 46 is fixedly connected to the other side of the mounting frame 45. A storage hopper 410 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the feeding pipe 46. An auger rod 47 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 411. Multiple grinding rollers 48 are rotatably connected to the end of the auger rod 47. A grinding plate 49 is fixedly connected to the end of the feeding pipe 46.

[0045] A lifting mechanism 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sprinkler assembly 25. The lifting mechanism 5 includes a housing 51. A piston rod 52 is slidably connected inside the housing 51. The top end of the piston rod 52 passes through the housing 51 and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sprinkler assembly 25. A limit ring 53 is also fixedly connected inside the housing 51. The limit ring 53 is located at the bottom of the piston rod 52. A No. 5 connecting pipe 54 and a No. 6 connecting pipe 56 are fixedly connected to the surface of the housing 51 respectively. A No. 6 control valve 55 is installed on the surface of the No. 5 connecting pipe 54, and a No. 7 control valve 57 is installed on the surface of the No. 6 connecting pipe 56. The No. 5 connecting pipe 54 is fixedly connected to the No. 1 connecting pipe 21.

[0046] In this embodiment, when the plant is at different growth stages and heights, the height of the irrigation component 25 needs to be adjusted when applying foliar fertilizer. At this time, by opening the irrigation component 25, the pressurized solution inside the first connecting pipe 21 is introduced into the housing 51. At this time, the piston rod 52 moves upward along the housing 51, thereby raising the height of the irrigation component 25. At the same time, an electronic pressure gauge can be installed on the upper part of the housing 51 to monitor the pressure inside the housing 51 and thus determine the rising height of the piston rod 52, thereby determining the height of the irrigation component 25. When the irrigation component 25 reaches the appropriate height, the sixth control valve 55 is closed to keep the irrigation component 25 at the appropriate height. By opening the seventh control valve 57, the solution inside the housing 51 flows out, the pressure inside the housing 51 is restored to balance, and the piston rod 52 falls. At this time, the irrigation component 25 completes the reset.

[0047] When the fertilizer supply mechanism 4 supplies fertilizer, the motor 411 drives the auger rod 47 to rotate, and feeds the fertilizer stored in the storage hopper 410 into the mixing tank 31 through the feeding pipe 46 and the grinding plate 49. When the auger rod 47 rotates, it will drive the grinding roller 48 to rotate. The grinding roller 48 and the grinding plate 49 grind and crush the lumps of fertilizer, so as to prevent the lumps of fertilizer from entering the mixing tank 31 and not being completely dissolved during mixing, resulting in insufficient fertilizer concentration.

[0048] The sprinkler assembly 25 uses a hydraulic lifting structure between the piston rod 52 and the housing 51, combined with real-time height monitoring by an electronic pressure gauge, to dynamically adjust the spraying height according to the plant growth cycle. For example, it can perform precise spraying at a low height during the seedling stage and high-level coverage during the mature stage, ensuring uniform adhesion of foliar fertilizer and improving nutrient absorption efficiency. The opening and closing control of control valves 6 and 7 enables the sprinkler assembly 25 to be quickly locked and reset, avoiding the cumbersome operation of traditional mechanical adjustment and improving operational flexibility. The motor 411 drives the auger rod 47 and the grinding roller 48 to work together with the grinding plate 49 to crush the clumps of fertilizer in the storage hopper 410 and transport them to the mixing tank 31 through the feeding pipe 46. This effectively solves the problem of concentration deviation caused by insufficient fertilizer dissolution and ensures the accuracy of water-fertilizer ratio.

[0049] The working principle and usage of this device are as follows: When managing water and fertilizer for planted plants, multiple soil element detection sensors 12 and soil environment detection sensors 13 are installed in the soil. These sensors are categorized into essential soil element detection sensors 12, essential soil environment detection sensors 13, and redundant soil element detection sensors 12 and redundant soil environment detection sensors 13. The essential soil element detection sensors 12 measure the elements required for plant growth in the soil and collect relevant information, such as macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The essential soil environment detection sensors 13 then monitor the soil temperature. Data such as humidity and pH value are collected and transmitted to an external data acquisition and processing system. First, the data acquisition and processing system determines the validity of the data collected by the necessary soil element detection sensor 12 and the necessary soil environment detection sensor 13. The validity of the data can be determined by the amount of data deviation within a set interval data acquisition time period. When the collected data is valid, the data acquisition and processing system continues to process the collected data. When the collected data is invalid, the corresponding invalid data detection items are collected again by the redundant soil element detection sensor 12 or the redundant soil environment detection sensor 13 to ensure that the collected data is true and valid.

[0050] While collecting soil data, images of plants are taken by drones, and the data is transmitted to the data acquisition and processing system. Similarly, the operation plan is obtained through the above process, and the specific water and fertilizer irrigation plan is determined based on the leaf condition and growth status of the plants.

[0051] By collecting meteorological information, soil moisture evaporation, crop transpiration, and fertilizer absorption efficiency can be predicted in advance, allowing irrigation plans to be dynamically adjusted. For example, if there is high temperature, low humidity, and no rain, the irrigation amount can be increased and nitrogen fertilizer can be supplemented. If there is rain and low temperature, irrigation can be suspended and the fertilization time can be postponed. Water conservation can be achieved by linking real-time meteorological data with automated irrigation modules.

[0052] After the water and fertilizer mixing mechanism 3 completes the solution ratio according to the irrigation plan, the water and fertilizer mixing mechanism 3 cooperates with the irrigation mechanism 2 to carry out irrigation operations. Before the water and fertilizer irrigation is carried out, the execution control system adds the required fertilizer to the mixing tank 31 in a quantitative manner according to the water irrigation plan through the fertilizer supply mechanism 4, and then injects a quantitative amount of water into the mixing tank 31 through the water supply pipe. The water and fertilizer are mixed by the mixing component 32, and then the water and fertilizer are supplied by the liquid supply pump 33. The plants can be sprayed and irrigated by the sprinkler assembly 25, and foliar fertilizer can be sprayed at the same time.

[0053] When only water is needed to irrigate the plants, water can be directly injected into the mixing tank 31. When the plants are at different growth stages and heights, the height of the spray irrigation component 25 needs to be adjusted when applying foliar fertilizer. The height of the spray irrigation component 25 can be adjusted by the lifting mechanism 5.

[0054] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent irrigation water and fertilizer application device, comprising a data acquisition mechanism (1), a user interaction system, the data acquisition mechanism (1) is externally connected with a data acquisition and processing system, and the data acquisition and processing system is electrically connected with the user interaction system, characterized in that: Also include intelligent judgment system, execution control system, water and fertilizer deployment mechanism (3) and irrigation mechanism (2), data acquisition processing system and intelligent judgment system electric connection, intelligent judgment system and execution control system electric connection, execution control system and real-time data feedback system electric connection; The data acquisition mechanism (1) includes unmanned aerial vehicle acquisition assembly (11), soil element detection sensor (12), soil environment detection sensor (13) and weather data collector, and the four are electrically connected with data acquisition processing system, unmanned aerial vehicle acquisition assembly (11) is composed of image acquisition unmanned aerial vehicle for collecting image information of plants and soil acquisition unmanned aerial vehicle for collecting soil samples for plant growth; The data acquisition processing system carries out edge real-time noise reduction, cloud secondary anomaly detection and feature engineering on the data collected by the data acquisition mechanism (1), and transmits the processed data to the intelligent judgment system, the intelligent judgment system is used for determining the data, generating the water and fertilizer irrigation scheme of the plant, and transmitting the water and fertilizer irrigation scheme to the execution control system, the execution control system is used for controlling the operation of the water and fertilizer deployment mechanism (3), irrigation mechanism (2) and fertilizer supply mechanism (4); The user interaction system is composed of system initialization module, digital twin loading module, abnormal early warning prompt module and automatic irrigation module, the system initialization module is used for automatically checking equipment connection, loading user configuration when the system starts, the digital twin loading module maps farmland real scene in real time based on multi-source data fusion and three-dimensional modeling technology, constructs farmland real scene into 3D model and maps to mobile terminal or computer terminal, the abnormal early warning prompt module is based on real-time collected soil data, plant growth state image data and weather data, fuses crop growth model, historical data and weather prediction data, dynamically identifies abnormal state by machine learning algorithm, and triggers alarm through threshold comparison and statistical analysis, the automatic irrigation module is used for automatically controlling the operation of the execution control system according to the preset rule; The intelligent judgment system is composed of edge computing preprocessing module, cloud model iteration module, problem judgment module and instruction generation module, the intelligent judgment system is based on real-time collected soil data information and weather data, filters invalid data through the edge computing preprocessing module, uploads to the cloud model iteration module for feature extraction and pattern recognition, dynamically optimizes the control strategy by machine learning algorithm, and identifies abnormal state; The edge computing preprocessing module processes original data and filters invalid information based on real-time stream processing technology; the cloud model iteration module relies on MLOps technology stack, dynamically adjusts model parameters through historical data back training and real-time feedback flow, realizes automatic iteration and seamless update of algorithm version; the problem judgment module determines the problems existing in plants and soil according to the calculation result of the cloud model iteration module, the instruction generation module generates water and fertilizer irrigation scheme and control instruction according to the problem judgment result of plants and soil, and transmits the scheme and control instruction to the automatic irrigation module; The data acquisition mechanism (1) includes unmanned aerial vehicle acquisition assembly (11), soil element detection sensor (12), soil environment detection sensor (13) and weather data collector, and the four are electrically connected with data acquisition processing system, unmanned aerial vehicle acquisition assembly (11) is composed of image acquisition unmanned aerial vehicle for collecting image information of plants and soil acquisition unmanned aerial vehicle for collecting soil samples for plant growth; The data acquisition processing system carries out edge real-time noise reduction, cloud secondary anomaly detection and feature engineering on the data collected by the data acquisition mechanism (1), and transmits the processed data to the intelligent judgment system, the intelligent judgment system is used for determining the data, generating the water and fertilizer irrigation scheme of the plant, and transmitting the water and fertilizer irrigation scheme to the execution control system, the execution control system is used for controlling the operation of the water and fertilizer deployment mechanism (3), irrigation mechanism (2) and fertilizer supply mechanism (4); The user interaction system is composed of system initialization module, digital twin loading module, abnormal early warning prompt module and automatic irrigation module, the system initialization module is used for automatically checking equipment connection, loading user configuration when the system starts, the digital twin loading module maps farmland real scene in real time based on multi-source data fusion and three-dimensional modeling technology, constructs farmland real scene into 3D model and maps to mobile terminal or computer terminal, the abnormal early warning prompt module is based on real-time collected soil data, plant growth state image data and weather data, fuses crop growth model, historical data and weather prediction data, dynamically identifies abnormal state by machine learning algorithm, and triggers alarm through threshold comparison and statistical analysis, the automatic irrigation module is used for automatically controlling the operation of the execution control system according to the preset rule; The intelligent judgment system is composed of edge computing preprocessing module, cloud model iteration module, problem judgment module and instruction generation module, the intelligent judgment system is based on real-time collected soil data information and weather data, filters invalid data through the edge computing preprocessing module, uploads to the cloud model iteration module for feature extraction and pattern recognition, dynamically optimizes the control strategy by machine learning algorithm, and identifies abnormal state; The edge computing preprocessing module processes original data and filters invalid information based on real-time stream processing technology; the cloud model iteration module relies on MLOps technology stack, dynamically adjusts model parameters through historical data back training and real-time feedback flow, realizes automatic iteration and seamless update of algorithm version; the problem judgment module determines the problems existing in plants and soil according to the calculation result of the cloud model iteration module, the instruction generation module generates water and fertilizer irrigation scheme and control instruction according to the problem judgment result of plants and soil, and transmits the scheme and control instruction to the automatic irrigation module; The data acquisition mechanism (1) monitors the executed fertilization state, when the irrigation anomaly is monitored, the water and fertilizer deployment mechanism (3) with redundant design is started to cooperate with the irrigation mechanism (2) to carry out irrigation operation, when the water and fertilizer deployment mechanism (3) with redundant design and the irrigation mechanism (2) cannot complete the set irrigation operation, the user interactive system sends an alarm to the personnel, the data acquisition mechanism (1) collects the data of the area which has not completed irrigation and determines the problem area through the user interactive system, when the output data edge verification fails, the personnel directly intervene in the treatment, and the edge verification failure indicates that the real-time data verification performed on the edge computing device fails to pass the preset rules.

2. The water and fertilizer application device for intelligent irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The execution control system adjusts irrigation flow, fertilizer ratio and root zone environment parameters in real time based on the regulation and control instructions generated by the intelligent judgment system, and the real-time data feedback system transmits real-time data of water and fertilizer irrigation to the execution control system and the user interactive system based on the Internet of Things sensor network.

3. The water and fertilizer application device for intelligent irrigation of claim 1, wherein: The water and fertilizer deployment mechanism (3) is fixedly connected with the fertilizer supply mechanism (4) at the upper part, and the water supply pipe is connected to the bottom of the water and fertilizer deployment mechanism (3), and the flowmeter and the valve are installed on the surface of the water supply pipe; The water and fertilizer deployment mechanism (3) comprises a stirring box (31), the upper part of the stirring box (31) is provided with a feeding port, and the upper part of the stirring box (31) is provided with a stirring assembly (32), the stirring assembly (32) is located at the center of the stirring box (31), and the side of the stirring box (31) is also provided with a liquid supply pump (33), the upper part of the liquid supply pump (33) is provided with a connecting main pipe (34), the other end of the connecting main pipe (34) is fixedly connected with a connecting branch pipe (35), and the connecting main pipe (34) is provided with a No.5 control valve (36).

4. The water and fertilizer application device for intelligent irrigation of claim 3, characterized in that: The fertilizer supply mechanism (4) comprises a fixed base (41), the upper part of the fixed base (41) is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod (42), the top of the telescopic rod (42) is fixedly connected with a mounting bracket (45), the surface of the telescopic rod (42) is provided with a spring (43), one end of the spring (43) is fixedly connected with the fixed base (41), the other end of the spring (43) is fixedly connected with the mounting bracket (45), a pressure sensor (44) is arranged between the mounting bracket (45) and the fixed base (41), one side of the mounting bracket (45) is fixedly connected with a motor (411), the other side of the mounting bracket (45) is fixedly connected with a feeding pipe (46), the upper part of the feeding pipe (46) is fixedly connected with a storage hopper (410), the output end of the motor (411) is fixedly connected with an auger rod (47), the end of the auger rod (47) is rotatably connected with a plurality of grinding rollers (48), and the end of the feeding pipe (46) is fixedly connected with a grinding plate (49).

5. The water and fertilizer application device for intelligent irrigation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation mechanism (2) includes a first connecting pipe (21), the upper part of the first connecting pipe (21) is fixedly connected with a connecting branch pipe (35), the first connecting pipe (21) is a U-shaped pipe, the two sides of the U-shaped pipe are respectively provided with a first control valve (22) and a plurality of second connecting pipes (23), the end of the second connecting pipe (23) is fixedly connected with a sprinkling irrigation assembly (25), and the surface of the second connecting pipe (23) is provided with a second control valve (24).

6. The water and fertilizer application device for intelligent irrigation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The surface of the first connecting pipe (21) is fixedly connected with two third connecting pipes (26), the surfaces of the two third connecting pipes (26) are respectively fixedly connected with a third control valve (27) and a plurality of fourth connecting pipes (28), the third control valve (27) is used for controlling the water inlet of the plurality of fourth connecting pipes (28), the end of the fourth connecting pipe (28) is fixedly connected with a drip irrigation assembly (210), and the surface of the fourth connecting pipe (28) is fixedly connected with a fourth control valve (29).

7. The water and fertilizer application device for intelligent irrigation of claim 6, wherein: The bottom of the sprinkling irrigation assembly (25) is fixedly connected with a lifting mechanism (5), the lifting mechanism (5) includes a shell (51), the shell (51) is internally and slidably connected with a piston rod (52), the top end of the piston rod (52) penetrates through the shell (51) and is fixedly connected with the bottom of the sprinkling irrigation assembly (25), the shell (51) is further internally and fixedly connected with a limiting ring (53), the limiting ring (53) is located at the bottom of the piston rod (52), the surface of the shell (51) is respectively fixedly connected with a fifth connecting pipe (54) and a sixth connecting pipe (56), the surface of the fifth connecting pipe (54) is provided with a sixth control valve (55), the surface of the sixth connecting pipe (56) is provided with a seventh control valve (57), and the fifth connecting pipe (54) is fixedly connected with the first connecting pipe (21).

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