Disease and pest resistant oyster mushroom culture material and cultivation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oyster mushroom culture, and discloses a disease and pest resistant oyster mushroom culture material and a cultivation method thereof. The disease and pest resistant oyster mushroom culture material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40-50% of corncob extract, 30-40% of cottonseed hull, 3-6% of bran, 1-5% of soybean meal, 4-8% of pepper oil residue, 0.1-1% of lime and 0.1-1% of gypsum. The water content of the oyster mushroom culture material is 55-65%, and the pH value is 5.5-6.0. According to the disease and pest resistant oyster mushroom culture material and the cultivation method thereof, the pepper oil residues and the corncob leaching liquor can inhibit growth of infectious microbes, and mold pollution in the oyster mushroom growth process is reduced; the Chinese prickly ash has the effects of warming middle-jiao and promoting qi circulation, dispelling cold, relieving pain, killing insects and the like, and the smell of the Chinese prickly ash can play a role in expelling insects, so that the yield and quality of the oyster mushrooms are improved; by optimizing the addition amount of soybean meal, the utilization rate of the compost is increased, the fruiting period is shortened, and the per unit area yield is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation, and particularly relates to a disease- and pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material and a cultivation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Pleurotus ostreatus is a fungus of the genus Pleurotus in the family Pleurotaceae. The fruiting bodies grow in clusters or in layers, and the caps grow in a tiled manner in clusters, fan-shaped, shell-shaped, or irregular funnel-shaped. The caps are fleshy, thick, and soft. It is an edible mushroom, rich in nutrients, and has the effects of dispelling wind and cold, relaxing muscles and activating collaterals. It is beneficial for preventing cancer, regulating women's menopausal syndrome, improving human metabolism, and enhancing physical fitness.

[0003] The growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus have strict requirements for environmental conditions, mainly including temperature, humidity, pH, light, etc. However, during the cultivation process of Pleurotus ostreatus, it will be contaminated by some miscellaneous bacteria. Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus niger, etc. are the main miscellaneous bacteria that harm the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus. A large number of Penicillium and Aspergillus niger spores float over the Pleurotus ostreatus and mushroom cultivation bases, looking for a suitable environment to grow and reproduce. These miscellaneous bacteria are considered the main reasons for the significant reduction in mushroom production. At present, in the production process of edible fungi, the control of miscellaneous bacteria such as Trichoderma viride generally adopts biological control. Since the genetic relationship between edible fungi such as Pleurotus ostreatus and pathogenic fungi is relatively close, the control effect of biological control of miscellaneous bacteria is not very ideal. Chemical control is likely to cause environmental pollution and endanger food safety problems. Therefore, the disease control of edible fungi is more difficult than the pest control of other crops.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a disease- and pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material and a cultivation method thereof. By adding active substances such as pepper oil residue to the cultivation material, the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria such as Trichoderma and Penicillium can be effectively reduced, and the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus can be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a disease- and pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material and a cultivation method thereof. The pepper oil residue and corn cob extract can inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria and reduce the mold pollution during the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus; pepper has the effects of warming the middle energizer, promoting qi movement, dispelling cold, relieving pain, and killing insects. The smell of pepper can play a role in repelling insects, improving the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus; and by optimizing the addition amount of soybean meal, the utilization rate of the cultivation material is improved, the fruiting period is shortened, and the single yield is increased.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a disease- and pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material, which comprises the following raw materials in weight percentages: 40-50% of corn cob extract, 30-40% of cottonseed hulls, 3-6% of wheat bran, 1-5% of soybean meal, 4-8% of pepper oil residue, 0.1-1% of lime, and 0.1-1% of gypsum; the water content of the Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material is 55-65%, and the pH is 5.5-6.0.

[0007] Further, a pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium comprises raw materials in the following weight percentages: 45% of corncob extract, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 5% of wheat bran, 3% of soybean meal, 5% of prickly ash oil residue, 1% of lime, and 1% of gypsum; the water content of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium is 65%.

[0008] Further, the prickly ash oil residue is a solid powder obtained by frying prickly ash, filtering, grinding, and drying, and the particle size of the prickly ash oil residue is less than 2 mm.

[0009] Further, the particle sizes of the cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, and soybean meal are 1 - 3 mm.

[0010] Further, the corncob extract is a fermentation broth obtained by fermenting corncobs and then filtering.

[0011] Further, the preparation method of the corncob extract is as follows:

[0012] Step 1, weigh 84 parts of corncobs, 10 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of urea, 5 parts of gypsum, and the balance is water;

[0013] Step 2, put the raw materials into a fermentation tank for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 25 - 30 °C, the fermentation time is 3 - 4 days, the humidity is 65 - 70%, and the temperature and humidity are adjusted by ventilation;

[0014] Step 3, after the fermentation ends, filter to obtain a filtrate and filter residue;

[0015] Step 4, let the filtrate stand at room temperature for 8 - 12 h to obtain a supernatant, which is the corncob extract.

[0016] Further, in Step 1, the ratio of material to water is 1:2 - 2.5.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium, and the steps are as follows:

[0018] Stir the gypsum, lime, and wheat bran evenly in proportion, then add the cottonseed hulls and soybean meal and stir evenly, and then add the corncob extract and prickly ash oil residue and stir evenly to make the water content of the mixture 55 - 65% and the pH 5.5 - 6.0.

[0019] The present invention also provides a cultivation method for the above-mentioned pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium, which comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step 1, transfer the test tube strain to a Petri dish PDA solid medium for subculture and place it in a constant temperature of 24 °C for 5 - 7 d;

[0021] Step 2, prepare the Pleurotus ostreatus original strain and cultivated strain, using the cottonseed hull medium;

[0022] Step 3: Use the round end of a sterilized sterile pipette tip to punch holes in the solid medium to obtain mycelial discs.

[0023] Step 4: Inoculate the mycelial discs into the original seed culture bags, place them at a constant temperature of 24°C with the humidity controlled at 40%-50%, and culture for 15-20 days until the mycelium fills the bags.

[0024] Step 5: Bag the disease- and pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium, 4-4.2 g per bag, inoculate with Pleurotus ostreatus strain, control the temperature at 22°C - 24°C and the humidity at 50%-60%, and adjust the light and ventilation conditions to promote the growth of the mycelium in the bags.

[0025] Step 6: Mushroom management and harvesting.

[0026] Furthermore, the formula of the cottonseed hull medium in Step 2 is 60% cottonseed hulls, 20% sawdust, 15% wheat bran, 3% corn flour, 2% gypsum, and 55% moisture.

[0027] The advantages and positive effects of the disease- and pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium and its cultivation method of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. In the present invention, by adding pepper oil residue and corn cob extract, the effective antibacterial substances in the pepper oil residue and corn cob extract synergize to jointly enhance the antibacterial performance of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium, thereby reducing the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria during the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and improving the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus.

[0029] 2. The volatile substances in the pepper oil residue of the present invention, such as limonene and myrcene, can emit special odors, playing the role of antibacterial and insecticidal, and improving the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus.

[0030] 3. In the process of inoculating the strain in the present invention, the round end of a sterilized pipette tip is used to punch holes in the solid medium. Compared with the existing iron punch, the pipette tip has a uniform size, and at the same time, the pipette tip can be sterilized by high-pressure steam, better avoiding the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria. The existing iron punch can only be sterilized by burning with an alcohol lamp, and incomplete burning sterilization is likely to cause the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria, affecting the growth of mushrooms.

[0031] 4. In the present invention, according to the addition of pepper, and at the same time in combination with the addition of soybean meal, the soybean meal contains 40%-50% crude protein and is rich in amino acids (such as glutamic acid and lysine), which is an important nitrogen source for edible fungi to synthesize mycelial protein, and can accelerate the germination and colonization of mycelium. The protein and carbohydrates in soybean meal can stimulate edible fungi to secrete protease, cellulase, etc., accelerating the decomposition of complex organic substances such as lignin and cellulose, and releasing absorbable small-molecule nutrients. By optimizing the addition amount of soybean meal, the utilization rate of the culture medium can be improved, the mushrooming period can be shortened, and the single yield can be increased.

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below through embodiments.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

[0035] All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The experimental methods without specific conditions noted in the following embodiments are usually determined according to national standards. The experimental instruments, equipment, and reagents not noted as sources in the following embodiments are all commercially available raw materials.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined or explained, all the professional and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those familiar to those skilled in the art. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to the described content can be applied to the method of the present invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0037] A Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium resistant to diseases and pests comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 40 - 50% of corn cob extract, 30 - 40% of cottonseed hulls, 3 - 6% of wheat bran, 1 - 5% of soybean meal, 4 - 8% of prickly ash oil residue, 0.1 - 1% of lime, and 0.1 - 1% of gypsum; the water content of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium is 55 - 65%, and the pH is 5.5 - 6.0.

[0038] Furthermore, a Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium resistant to diseases and pests comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45% of corn cob extract, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 5% of wheat bran, 3% of soybean meal, 5% of prickly ash oil residue, 1% of lime, and 1% of gypsum; the water content of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium is 65%.

[0039] The prickly ash oil residue is a solid obtained by frying prickly ash, filtering, grinding, and drying, and the particle size of the prickly ash oil residue is less than 2 mm. The particle sizes of the cottonseed hulls, soybean meal, and wheat bran are 1 - 3 mm. The corn cob extract is a fermentation broth obtained by fermenting corn cobs and filtering.

[0040] The preparation method of the corn cob extract is as follows:

[0041] Step 1, weigh 84 parts of corn cobs, 10 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of urea, 5 parts of gypsum, and the balance is water; the ratio of material to water is 1:2 - 2.5;

[0042] Step 2: Put the raw materials into the fermentation tank for fermentation. The fermentation temperature is 25 - 30°C, the fermentation time is 3 - 4 days, the humidity is 65 - 70%, and the temperature and humidity are adjusted by ventilation.

[0043] Step 3: After fermentation, filter to obtain the filtrate and filter residue.

[0044] Step 4: Let the filtrate stand at room temperature for 8 - 12 h to obtain the supernatant, which is the corncob extract.

[0045] A method for making a pest - resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium, the steps are as follows:

[0046] Mix gypsum, lime, and wheat bran evenly in proportion, then add cottonseed hulls and soybean meal and mix evenly. Then add the corncob extract and pepper oil residue and mix evenly to make the water content of the mixture 55 - 65% and the pH 5.5 - 6.0.

[0047] A cultivation method for a pest - resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium, including the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Transfer and expand the test - tube strain to the PDA solid medium in a petri dish and place it in a constant - temperature incubator at 24°C for 5 - 7 d.

[0049] Step 2: Make the original strain and cultivated strain of Pleurotus ostreatus. Use the cottonseed hull medium. The formula of the cottonseed hull medium is 60% cottonseed hulls, 20% sawdust, 15% wheat bran, 3% corn flour, 2% gypsum, and the water content is 55%.

[0050] Step 3: Use the round end of a sterilized sterile pipette tip to punch holes in the solid medium to obtain mycelium discs.

[0051] Step 4: Inoculate the mycelium discs into the original - strain culture bags and place them in a constant - temperature environment at 24°C with the humidity controlled at 40% - 50% for 15 - 20 d to make the mycelium fill the culture bags.

[0052] Step 5: Pack the pest - resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium into bags, 4 - 4.2 g per bag, inoculate with Pleurotus ostreatus strain, control the temperature at 22°C - 24°C and the humidity at 50% - 60%, and adjust the light and ventilation conditions to promote the mycelium growth in the culture bags.

[0053] Step 6: Mushroom - fruiting management and harvesting.

[0054] Mushroom - fruiting management:

[0055] 1. Mushroom - fruiting method. Adopt the vertical mushroom - fruiting method of stacking 5 - 6 layers of culture bags, which can improve land utilization rate. Adopt the method of opening the mouth for mushroom - fruiting.

[0056] 2. Mushroom fruiting stage management. After the mycelium fills the bag, after a period of time, a large amount of yellowish-brown water droplets will appear in the bag, which is a precursor to mushroom fruiting. At this time, it is appropriate to transfer to the mushroom fruiting management stage in a timely manner, that is, the fruiting body formation stage, which is a crucial period for high yield. Environmental regulation mainly includes one pull (temperature difference), three increases (humidity, light, air), etc.

[0057] (1) Widen the temperature difference and stimulate mushroom fruiting. Pleurotus ostreatus is a temperature-variable fruiting mushroom. Increasing the temperature difference stimulation is beneficial to mushroom fruiting. Use the low temperature in the morning and evening to increase the ventilation volume, lower the temperature, and widen the day-night temperature difference to 8 - 10 °C to stimulate mushroom fruiting. In the low temperature season, pay attention to warming and moisturizing during the day and strengthen ventilation and cooling at night; when the temperature is higher than 20 °C, the methods of strengthening ventilation and spraying water for cooling can be used to widen the temperature difference and stimulate mushroom fruiting.

[0058] (2) Strengthen humidity regulation. The mushroom fruiting place should be sprayed with water frequently to keep the relative air humidity at 85% - 95%. After mushroom buds appear on the surface of the material, special attention should be paid to spraying water, spraying and humidifying the space and the ground, and do not spray water directly on the mushroom buds. Only when the mushroom buds differentiate into caps and stalks can a small amount, fine, and frequent spray of atomized water be carried out.

[0059] (3) Strengthen ventilation and air exchange. In the low temperature season, ventilation and air exchange are generally carried out in the afternoon, once a day, about 30 minutes each time; when the temperature is high, ventilation and air exchange are mostly carried out in the morning and evening, 2 - 3 times a day, 20 - 30 minutes each time. Ventilation and air exchange must be carried out slowly to avoid the wind directly blowing on the mushroom bodies, so as to prevent the mushroom bodies from losing water and the edges curling and turning outwards.

[0060] (4) Increase light. Scattered light can induce early and more mushroom fruiting, while darkness will not result in mushroom fruiting; if the light is insufficient, there will be less mushroom fruiting, long stalks, small caps, light colors, and deformities. Generally, it is appropriate to maintain a light intensity of "three parts sunny and seven parts shady" in the mushroom shed, but there should be no direct sunlight to avoid sunburning the mushroom bodies.

[0061] Harvesting:

[0062] When the mushroom caps are fully expanded, the color gradually changes from dark to light, the concave part is white, and hairs begin to appear, it can be harvested and packed in baskets for transportation.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] A pest-resistant and disease-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium includes the following raw materials by weight percentage: 40% corn cob extract, 30% cottonseed hulls, 3% wheat bran, 1% soybean meal, 4% Chinese prickly ash oil residue, 1% lime, 1% gypsum; the water content of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium is 65%.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] A pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium, comprising the following raw materials by weight percentage: 45% of corncob extract, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 5% of wheat bran, 3% of soybean meal, 5% of prickly ash oil residue, 1% of lime, and 1% of gypsum; the water content of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium is 65%.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] A pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium, comprising the following raw materials by weight percentage: 50% of corncob extract, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 6% of wheat bran, 5% of soybean meal, 8% of prickly ash oil residue, 1% of lime, and 1% of gypsum; the water content of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium is 65%.

[0069] Control Example 1

[0070] A pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium, comprising the following raw materials by weight percentage: 45% of corncob extract, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 5% of wheat bran, 3% of soybean meal, 5% of rapeseed oil residue, 1% of lime, and 1% of gypsum; the water content of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium is 65%.

[0071] Control Example 2

[0072] A pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium, comprising the following raw materials by weight percentage: 45% of corncob extract, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 5% of wheat bran, 3% of soybean meal, 5% of flaxseed oil residue, 1% of lime, and 1% of gypsum; the water content of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium is 65%.

[0073] Control Example 3

[0074] A pest-resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium, comprising the following raw materials by weight percentage: 45% of corncobs, 40% of cottonseed hulls, 5% of wheat bran, 3% of soybean meal, 5% of flaxseed oil residue, 1% of lime, and 1% of gypsum; the water content of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium is 65%.

[0075] Antibacterial test

[0076] Take an appropriate amount of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium prepared in Examples 1-3 and Control Examples 1-3, centrifuge to obtain the supernatant, add the supernatant to the PDA medium at a concentration of 90% to make a solid medium, then inoculate Penicillium and Trichoderma (isolated from the infected Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium) into the medium, culture at 28°C for 3 days, repeat each group 3 times, use the cross-streak method to record the hyphal growth length, and calculate the antibacterial rate. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Antibacterial rate (%) = (colony radius of the control group - colony radius of the treatment group) / colony radius of the control group × 100%.

[0078] Table 1

[0079] Antibacterial rate / % Penicillium Trichoderma Example 1 82％ 86％ Example 2 85％ 89％ Example 3 81％ 84％ Comparative Example 1 73％ 70％ Comparative Example 2 71％ 65％ Comparative Example 3 50％ 42％

[0080] As can be seen from Table 1, in Examples 1, 2, and 3, both the prickly ash oil residue and the corn cob extract were added, and the antibacterial rates of the culture medium against Penicillium and Trichoderma were both above 80%, indicating that the culture medium added with the prickly ash oil residue and the corn cob extract had excellent antibacterial effects against Penicillium and Trichoderma, and could significantly inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria such as Penicillium and Trichoderma.

[0081] Compared with Comparative Example 1, the prickly ash oil residue was added in Example 2, and its antibacterial effect was better, indicating that the antibacterial effect of the culture medium added with the prickly ash oil residue was superior to that of the culture medium added with rapeseed oil residue.

[0082] Compared with Comparative Example 2, the prickly ash oil residue was added in Example 2, and its antibacterial effect was better, indicating that the antibacterial effect of the culture medium added with the prickly ash oil residue was superior to that of the culture medium added with flaxseed oil residue.

[0083] Compared with Comparative Example 3, the corn cob extract and the prickly ash oil residue were added in Example 2, and the antibacterial effect was much greater than that of Comparative Example 3, indicating that the effective antibacterial substances in the corn cob extract and the prickly ash oil residue had a synergistic antibacterial effect, and the two worked together to improve the disease and pest resistance of the Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium.

[0084] Therefore, for the disease and pest resistant Pleurotus ostreatus culture medium and its cultivation method of the present invention, the prickly ash oil residue and the corn cob extract can inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria and reduce the mold contamination during the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus; Prickly ash has the effects of warming the middle energizer, promoting qi flow, dispelling cold, relieving pain, killing insects, etc., and the smell of prickly ash can play a role in repelling insects, improving the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus; and by optimizing the addition amount of soybean meal, the utilization rate of the culture medium is improved, the fruiting period is shortened, and the single yield is increased.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify or equivalently replace the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A disease- and insect-resistant oyster mushroom culture material, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following weight percentages: 40-50% corncob extract, 30-40% cottonseed hull, 3-6% bran, 1-5% soybean meal, 4-8% pepper oil residue, 0.1-1% lime and 0.1-1% gypsum; the water content of the oyster mushroom culture material is 55-65% and the pH value is 5.5-6.

0.

2. The disease- and insect-resistant oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following weight percentages: 45% corncob extract, 40% cottonseed hull, 5% bran, 3% soybean meal, 5% pepper oil residue, 1% lime and 1% gypsum; the water content of the oyster mushroom culture material is 65%.

3. The disease- and insect-resistant oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pepper oil residue is a solid powder obtained by frying pepper, filtering, grinding and drying, and the particle size of the pepper oil residue is less than 2 mm.

4. The disease- and insect-resistant oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle sizes of the cottonseed hull, bran and soybean meal are 1-3 mm.

5. The disease- and insect-resistant oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corncob extract is a fermentation liquid obtained by filtering the fermented corncob.

6. The disease- and insect-resistant oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the corncob extract is as follows: Step 1, weigh 84 parts of corn cobs, 10 parts of bran, 1 part of urea, 5 parts of gypsum, and the balance is water; Step 2, putting the raw materials into a fermentation tank for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 25-30°C, the fermentation time is 3-4 days, the humidity is 65-70%, and the temperature and humidity are adjusted by ventilation; Step 3, after the fermentation is completed, filtering to obtain a filtrate and a filter residue; Step 4, placing the filtrate at room temperature for 8-12 hours to obtain a supernatant, which is the corncob extract.

7. The disease- and insect-resistant oyster mushroom culture medium according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 1, the material-water ratio is 1:2-2.

5.

8. The method for preparing a disease- and insect-resistant mushroom culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Here are the steps: Mix gypsum, lime and bran in proportion, then add cottonseed hulls and soybean meal and mix evenly, then add corncob extract and pepper oil residue and mix evenly, so that the water content of the mixture is 55-65% and the pH is 5.5-6.

0.

9. A method for cultivating a disease- and insect-resistant mushroom culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, transfer the test tube bacteria to the culture dish PDA solid culture medium and culture it at 24°C for 5-7 days; Step 2, preparing the original species and cultivated species of Pleurotus ostreatus by using cottonseed hull culture medium; Step 3, using the round end of a sterilized aseptic pipette tip to punch holes on the solid culture medium to obtain mycelium discs; Step 4, inoculating the mycelium disc into the original seed culture bag, placing it at a constant temperature of 24° C. and controlling the humidity at 40%-50%, and culturing it for 15-20 days to allow the mycelium to fill the bag; Step 5, bagging the disease-resistant and insect-resistant oyster mushroom culture material, 4-4.2 g per bag, inoculating the oyster mushroom strains, controlling the temperature at 22° C.-24° C., the humidity at 50%-60%, adjusting the lighting and ventilation conditions, and promoting the spawning of the mushroom bags; Step 6: Mushroom management and harvesting.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The formula of the cottonseed hull culture medium in step 2 is 60% cottonseed hull, 20% sawdust, 15% bran, 3% corn flour, 2% gypsum and 55% water.