Planting method of southern suaeda glauca on coastal mud flat and application of planting method

Abstract

The invention provides a method for planting southern suaeda glauca on a coastal mud flat and application of the method, and belongs to the technical field of southern suaeda glauca planting. The planting method comprises the following steps: selecting a mud flat with the elevation greater than or equal to 2.7 m, piling mud flat soil into a trapezoidal strip or a round mound, and planting the suaeda glauca at the top end of the trapezoidal strip or the round mound. The scientific and systematic planting method is provided for the planting problem of the common seepweed herb in the coastal mud flat in ecological restoration, the survival rate of the common seepweed herb in the south can be effectively increased, and the survival rate of the common seepweed herb in the south after being planted for 4 months is increased to 43% or above from current less than 5%. According to the method, the vegetation covering effect of the suaeda glauca can be optimized, so that the stable and sustainable development of a mud flat ecological system is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of Suaeda salsa planting, and in particular relates to a planting method of Suaeda salsa on coastal tidal flats and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Suaeda salsa is a native plant with strong adaptability and significant ecological benefits, which is widely distributed in coastal tidal flats in southern China. As an important part of the tidal flat ecosystem, Suaeda salsa plays an important role in soil salinization control, biodiversity protection and ecological restoration. In recent years, with the implementation of the campaign to eliminate Spartina alterniflora in coastal areas, Suaeda salsa has been widely used in coastal tidal flat ecological restoration projects. However, in the southern region, due to the complex terrain and high rainfall, it is easy to cause waterlogging, aggravate salt leaching or local salinization, and destroy the root environment of Suaeda salsa. If the planting method is improper, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa is low during the actual planting process, and large-scale death often occurs. This not only reduces the efficiency of coastal tidal flat ecological restoration projects, but also significantly increases the cost of manpower, material resources and financial resources. Therefore, how to optimize the planting method of Suaeda salsa and improve its survival rate and growth quality has become a key issue to be solved in the field of tidal flat ecological restoration. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting Suaeda salsa on coastal tidal flats, which can effectively improve the survival rate and growth quality of Suaeda salsa.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for planting Suaeda salsa on coastal tidal flats comprises the following steps: selecting a tidal flat with a beach surface elevation of ≥2.7m, piling up tidal flat soil into trapezoidal strips or circular soil mounds, and planting Suaeda salsa on the top of the trapezoidal strips or circular soil mounds.

[0006] Preferably, the salinity of the tidal flat is less than 30‰.

[0007] Preferably, when the tidal flat soil is piled into trapezoidal strips, the width of the trapezoidal strips is 100 to 120 cm at the top, 150 to 200 cm at the bottom, and the height is ≥30 cm.

[0008] Preferably, when the tidal flat soil is piled into a circular mound, the diameter of the top of the circular mound is 100-150 cm, the diameter of the bottom is 200-250 cm, and the height is ≥30 cm.

[0009] Preferably, the distance between two adjacent trapezoidal strips is 60 to 100 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the distance between two adjacent circular soil mounds is 60 to 100 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the Suaeda salsa is planted in the way of 5-25 plants per cluster.

[0012] Preferably, the distance between clusters of Suaeda salsa is ≥60 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the Suaeda salsa is a seedling with a seedling height of 15-20 cm.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the described planting method in restoring wetland ecosystems.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The present invention provides a planting method for Suaeda salsa on coastal tidal flats. Aiming at the planting problem of Suaeda salsa on coastal tidal flats in ecological restoration, the present invention provides a scientific and systematic planting method, which can effectively improve the survival rate of Suaeda salsa, increasing the survival rate of Suaeda salsa after 4 months of planting from less than 5% currently to more than 43%. The present invention can optimize the vegetation coverage effect of Suaeda salsa, thereby promoting the stability and sustainable development of the tidal flat ecosystem. The planting method provided by the present invention not only provides a new idea for tidal flat ecological restoration, but also provides an important technical guarantee for the implementation of ecological restoration projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of trapezoidal strip planting. Among them, the upper figure is a schematic cross-sectional view of the trapezoidal strip, and the lower figure is a schematic diagram of the test area;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of circular mound planting. Among them, the upper figure is a schematic cross-sectional view of the circular mound, and the lower figure is a schematic diagram of the test area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The present invention provides a planting method for Suaeda salsa on coastal tidal flats, including the following steps: Select a tidal flat with a beach elevation ≥2.7 m, pile up the tidal flat soil into a trapezoidal strip or a circular mound, and plant Suaeda salsa at the top of the trapezoidal strip or the circular mound.

[0020] In the present invention, it is preferable to select a high-tide beach with a high and flat terrain. Planting Suaeda salsa on the selected beach surface can effectively improve its survival rate.

[0021] In the present invention, it is preferable that the salinity of the tidal flat is <30‰. When piling up the tidal flat soil into a trapezoidal strip (such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, preferably, the top width of the trapezoidal strip is 100 - 120 cm, the bottom width is 150 - 200 cm, and the height is ≥ 30 cm. More preferably, the top width is 110 cm, the bottom width is 170 - 180 cm, and the height is 30 - 50 cm; the distance between two adjacent trapezoidal strips is 60 - 100 cm, preferably 80 cm; the cross-section of the trapezoidal strip (as shown in the upper figure of Figure 1 is perpendicular to the direction of the tide. When piling up the tidal flat soil into a circular mound (as shown in Figure 2 ), preferably, the top diameter of the circular mound is 100 - 150 cm, the bottom diameter is 200 - 250 cm, and the height is ≥ 30 cm. More preferably, the top diameter is 120 - 140 cm, the bottom diameter is 220 - 230 cm, and the height is 30 - 50 cm. The distance between two adjacent circular mounds is 60 - 100 cm, preferably 80 cm. In the present invention, the distance refers to the distance between the bottoms of adjacent trapezoidal strips or circular mounds.

[0022] In coastal areas, the dynamic change of soil salinity is large. Moreover, in southern regions, the terrain is complex, the rainfall is high, which easily leads to waterlogging, exacerbates salt leaching or local salinization, destroys the root environment of Suaeda australis in the south, and makes it difficult for Suaeda australis to adapt to the saline-alkali environment after planting, resulting in a low survival rate. Through micro-topography optimization, the present invention regulates the local water and salt distribution, reduces waterlogging, and stabilizes the salt concentration in the root zone, which can improve the adaptability of Suaeda australis seedlings, and significantly improve the survival rate of planting on tidal flats with a salinity < 30‰.

[0023] In the present invention, preferably, the seedlings of Suaeda australis are cultivated well in a seawater nursery before planting. The seedlings are preferably cultivated in a seedling bag, and preferably 1 - 5 plants of Suaeda australis are planted in each seedling bag. The seedling bag is preferably 15 - 20 cm high and 10 - 16 cm in diameter, and preferably 3 - 6 holes are punched in the bag wall. As an implementable way, the seedling bag is made of polyethylene. The seedling bag of the present invention has good air permeability and can ensure the good growth of Suaeda australis.

[0024] In the present invention, it is preferred to plant the Suaeda australis seedlings with good growth, straight seedling stems, and a seedling height of 15 - 20 cm; the planting time of Suaeda australis is preferably from the first day to the tenth day of the fifth lunar month. The planting time selected in the present invention has suitable temperature, which is suitable for the colonization of Suaeda australis seedlings. Moreover, the planting time selected in the present invention has more rainfall, providing good conditions for the survival of Suaeda australis. Suaeda australis is preferably planted in the way of 5 - 25 plants per cluster. When planting, it is directly planted with nursery bags. For example, 1 - 5 nursery bags are used as one cluster for planting. Preferably, the bottom of the nursery bag is cut off during planting to increase the water permeability of the nursery bag. Preferably, the distance between clusters of Suaeda australis is ≥60 cm, and more preferably, the distance is 60 - 90 cm. By planting multiple plants of Suaeda australis as one cluster in the present invention, the survival rate of seedlings and the growth height are improved. The planting distance of Suaeda australis in the present invention is beneficial for the plants to better carry out photosynthesis. At the same time, the planting distance in the present invention also makes the tidal flat soil have an appropriately sized exposed bare flat, which is beneficial for the foraging activities of benthic organisms and water birds.

[0025] The present invention also provides the application of the described planting method in the restoration of wetland ecosystems. The planting method described in the present invention reduces environmental stress, ensures the growth requirements of Suaeda australis throughout its life cycle, enables Suaeda australis to adapt to the complex climate and soil conditions in the south, and can effectively optimize the vegetation coverage effect of Suaeda australis. The application of the planting method in wetland conservation is beneficial for restoring damaged or degraded wetland ecosystems and wildlife habitats, and enriching the biodiversity of coastal wetlands.

[0026] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A planting method for Suaeda australis in coastal tidal flats includes the following steps:

[0029] Select a 1-acre tidal flat near the shore in the Taiwanese Investment Zone of Quanzhou City. The terrain is high and flat, with an elevation of 2.7 m, and it is flooded only during the spring tide period every month. The salinity of this tidal flat is 19‰.

[0030] Select the Suaeda australis seedlings that have been previously cultivated in a seawater nursery. The seedlings are cultivated in polyethylene nursery bags, with 5 plants in each nursery bag. The size of the nursery bag is 18 cm in height and 12 cm in diameter, and there are 6 holes in the bag wall. Select the seedlings with good growth, straight seedling stems, and a seedling height of 15 cm.

[0031] In June 2023, use an excavator to dig and turn the tidal flat, and build trapezoidal strips with sea mud in the direction perpendicular to the sea water (the cross-section of the trapezoidal strip is perpendicular to the sea water direction). The top of the trapezoidal strip is 120 cm, the bottom is 200 cm, the height is 30 cm, and the distance between the bottoms of adjacent two trapezoidal strips is 60 cm. Compact the soil pile.

[0032] After the Dragon Boat Festival, start planting after the spring tide. Cut off the bottom of each seedling bag and plant it on the trapezoidal strip in the way of 5 seedling bags in a cluster. The distance between clusters is 70 cm.

[0033] After planting, enter the management and protection period, regularly maintain the sample plot, remove weeds and pests, and prevent damage caused by fishermen's activities such as digging mudskippers.

[0034] After planting, measure the survival rate and growth height of the seedlings at 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months to determine the final survival rate.

[0035] The results show that in the test area, 1 month after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa is as high as 97.50%, and the average height of the seedlings is 21.8 cm; 2 months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa remains at 90.83%, and the average height of the seedlings is 23.5 cm; 4 months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa drops to 60%, and the average height of the seedlings reaches 30.6 cm. Through measures such as sea mud piling, rapid drainage, and intensive planting, a special micro-topography is created, providing a more suitable habitat environment for the survival of Suaeda salsa, greatly improving the survival rate of Suaeda salsa, and promoting the growth of the plants.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] A method for planting Suaeda salsa in coastal tidal flats, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0038] In June 2023, use an excavator to dig and turn the tidal flat, and build circular soil piles with sea mud in the direction perpendicular to the sea water. The top diameter of the circular soil pile is 150 cm, the bottom diameter is 250 cm, the height is 30 cm, and the distance between the bottoms of adjacent two circular soil piles is 60 cm. Compact the soil pile.

[0039] 1 month after planting in the test area, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa reaches 92.59%, and the average height of the seedlings is 20 cm; 2 months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa drops to 75.31%, and the average height of the seedlings is 22.3 cm; 4 months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa drops to 59.26%, and the average height of the seedlings reaches 29.2 cm. Through measures such as sea mud piling, rapid drainage, and intensive planting, a special micro-topography is created, providing a more suitable habitat environment for the survival of Suaeda salsa, greatly improving the survival rate of Suaeda salsa, and promoting the growth of the plants.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] A method for planting Suaeda australis in coastal tidal flats, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0042] It is planted in the way that a single seedling bag forms a cluster.

[0043] One month after planting in the test area, the survival rate of Suaeda australis is as high as 88.56%, and the average height of the seedlings is 18.2 cm; two months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis remains at 71.90%, and the average height of the seedlings is 24.6 cm; four months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis drops to 43.30%, and the average height of the seedlings reaches 29.8 cm. By means of measures such as piling up sea mud, rapid drainage, and intensive planting to create a special micro-topography, the survival rate of Suaeda australis has increased to some extent, but the planting effect is not as good as the planting method of five seedling bags forming a cluster in Example 1.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] A method for planting Suaeda australis in coastal tidal flats, which is different from Example 2 in that:

[0046] It is planted in the way that a single seedling bag forms a cluster.

[0047] One month after planting in the test area, the survival rate of Suaeda australis reaches 85.19%, and the average height of the seedlings is 18.1 cm; two months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis drops to 75.31%, and the average height of the seedlings is 21.8 cm; four months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis drops to 46.79%, and the average height of the seedlings reaches 28.4 cm. By means of measures such as piling up sea mud, rapid drainage, and intensive planting to create a special micro-topography, the survival rate of Suaeda australis has increased to some extent, but the planting effect is not as good as the planting method of five seedling bags forming a cluster in Example 2.

[0048] Example 5

[0049] A method for planting Suaeda australis in coastal tidal flats, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0050] It is planted in the way that three seedling bags form a cluster.

[0051] One month after planting in the test area, the survival rate of Suaeda australis reaches 87.50%, and the average height of the seedlings is 19.2 cm; two months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis remains at 84.17%, and the average height of the seedlings is 25.4 cm; four months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis drops to 60.83%, and the average height of the seedlings reaches 31.0 cm.

[0052] Example 6

[0053] A planting method for Suaeda australis in coastal tidal flats, which is different from Example 2 in that:

[0054] It is planted in the way of three seedling bags in a cluster.

[0055] One month after planting in the test area, the survival rate of Suaeda australis reached 91.36%, and the average height of the seedlings was 18.7 cm; two months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis dropped to 82.72%, and the average height of the seedlings was 22.1 cm; four months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis dropped to 53.09%, and the average height of the seedlings reached 29.0 cm.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] A planting method for Suaeda australis in coastal tidal flats, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0058] An offshore area with a low and flat terrain about 100 m away from the shore is selected in the Taiwanese Investment Zone of Quanzhou City, with an area of 1 mu and an elevation of 2.2 m. The salinity of this tidal flat is 21‰.

[0059] One month after planting in the test area, the survival rate of Suaeda australis was as high as 94.79%, and the average height of the seedlings was 18.5 cm; two months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis remained at 65.63%, and the average height of the seedlings was 22.9 cm; four months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis dropped to 30%, and the average height of the seedlings reached 26.7 cm. The relatively low elevation of the offshore area caused the seedlings to be flooded for a long time, affecting the survival rate and growth height of Suaeda australis.

[0060] Comparative Example 2

[0061] A planting method for Suaeda australis in coastal tidal flats, which is different from Example 2 in that:

[0062] An offshore area with a low and flat terrain about 100 m away from the shore is selected in the Taiwanese Investment Zone of Quanzhou City, with an area of 1 mu and an elevation of 2.2 m. The salinity of this tidal flat is 21‰.

[0063] One month after planting in the test area, the survival rate of Suaeda australis was as high as 71.60%, and the average height of the seedlings was 19 cm; two months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis dropped to 46.91%, and the average height of the seedlings was 23.2 cm; four months after planting, the survival rate of Suaeda australis dropped to 24.69%, and the average height of the seedlings was 25.0 cm. The relatively low elevation of the offshore area caused the seedlings to be flooded for a long time on the one hand and was not conducive to rapid drainage on the other hand, affecting the survival rate and growth height of Suaeda australis.

[0064] Comparative Example 3

[0065] A method for planting Suaeda salsa on coastal tidal flats, which is different from Comparative Example 1 in that: the single seedling-raising bag method is adopted for planting.

[0066] After 1 month of planting in the test area, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa was 53.13%, and the average height of the seedlings was 18.5 cm; after 2 months of planting, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa decreased to 29.17%, and the average height of the seedlings was 22.9 cm; after 4 months of planting, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa was only 5.83%, and the average height of the seedlings was 26.7 cm. The survival rate of the single seedling-raising bag planting in the first month was relatively low and then decreased rapidly.

[0067] Comparative Example 4

[0068] A method for planting Suaeda salsa on coastal tidal flats, which is different from Comparative Example 2 in that: the single seedling-raising bag method is adopted for planting.

[0069] After 1 month of planting in the test area, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa was 61.73%, and the average height of the seedlings was 17.9 cm; after 2 months of planting, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa decreased to 39.51%, and the average height of the seedlings was 22.6 cm; after 4 months of planting, the survival rate of Suaeda salsa was only 17.28%, and the average height of the seedlings was 24.4 cm. The survival rate of the single seedling-raising bag planting in the first month was relatively low and then decreased rapidly.

[0070] Comparative Example 5

[0071] A method for planting Suaeda salsa on coastal tidal flats, which is different from Example 1 in that:

[0072] No trapezoidal strips were built with sea mud, and Suaeda salsa was directly planted on the tidal flat after the spring tide: on the tidal flat, it was planted in the form of a single seedling-raising bag as a cluster, and three planting methods with cluster spacings of 25 cm, 50 cm, and 75 cm were adopted respectively.

[0073] After planting, it entered the management and protection period, and the sample plots were regularly maintained and weeds, pests and diseases were removed to prevent damage caused by activities such as fishermen digging mudskippers.

[0074] The test results show that after 1 month of planting in the test area, the survival rates of Suaeda australis with cluster spacings of 25 cm, 50 cm, and 75 cm are 74.10%, 73.24%, and 35.94% respectively, and the average heights of the seedlings are 18.7 cm, 19.3 cm, and 20.0 cm respectively; after 2 months of planting, the survival rates of spacings of 25 cm, 50 cm, and 75 cm drop to 29.57%, 31.13%, and 15.48% respectively, and the average heights of the seedlings are 21.0 cm, 22.8 cm, and 21.9 cm respectively; after 4 months of planting, the survival rates of spacings of 25 cm, 50 cm, and 75 cm drop to 0.67%, 0.23%, and 0% respectively, and the average heights of the seedlings with spacings of 25 cm and 50 cm are 23.3 cm and 23.5 cm respectively. That is, the planting method without any micro-topography transformation is not conducive to the survival of Suaeda australis.

[0075] Comparative Example 6

[0076] A planting method for Suaeda australis in coastal tidal flats, different from Comparative Example 1 in that:

[0077] Instead of piling up sea mud into trapezoidal strips, Suaeda australis is directly planted in the near-shore area after the spring tide: it is planted on the tidal flat in the way that each single seedling bag forms a cluster, and three planting methods with cluster spacings of 25 cm, 50 cm, and 75 cm are adopted respectively.

[0078] After planting, it enters the management and protection period, and the sample plots are regularly maintained and weeds, pests and diseases are removed to prevent damage caused by activities such as fishermen digging mudskippers.

[0079] The test results show that after 1 month of planting in the near-shore test area, the survival rates of Suaeda australis with cluster spacings of 25 cm, 50 cm, and 75 cm are 47.34%, 42.77%, and 22.08% respectively, and the average heights of the seedlings are 17.2 cm, 17.7 cm, and 16.8 cm respectively; after 2 months of planting, the survival rates of spacings of 25 cm, 50 cm, and 75 cm drop to 9.79%, 10.60%, and 8.15% respectively, and the average heights of the seedlings are 19.8 cm, 20.6 cm, and 22.3 cm respectively; after 4 months of planting, the survival rates of spacings of 25 cm, 50 cm, and 75 cm drop to 2.55%, 3.29%, and 2.92% respectively, and the average heights of the seedlings are 26.2 cm, 21.3 cm, and 24.9 cm respectively. The planting method without any micro-topography transformation is not conducive to the survival of Suaeda australis.

[0080] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can still be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting Suaeda salsa on coastal tidal flats, characterized in that: The steps include: Select tidal flats with a beach surface elevation of ≥2.7m, pile the tidal flat soil into trapezoidal strips or circular mounds, and plant southern saltwort on the top of the trapezoidal strips or circular mounds.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salinity of the tidal flat is less than 30‰.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the tidal flat soil is piled up into a trapezoidal strip, the width of the trapezoidal strip is 100 to 120 cm at the top, 150 to 200 cm at the bottom, and the height is ≥30 cm.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the tidal flat soil is piled up into a circular soil mound, the diameter of the top of the circular soil mound is 100-150 cm, the diameter of the bottom is 200-250 cm, and the height is ≥30 cm.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent trapezoidal strips is 60 to 100 cm.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between two adjacent circular mounds is 60 to 100 cm.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Suaeda salsa is planted in a cluster of 5 to 25 plants.

8. The planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The distance between clusters of southern saltwort is ≥60cm.

9. The planting method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The Suaeda salsa is a seedling with a seedling height of 15 to 20 cm.

10. Use of the planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in restoring wetland ecosystems.

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