Dry lake basin ecological comprehensive restoration and intelligent monitoring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a dry lake basin ecological comprehensive restoration and intelligent monitoring method, and the dry lake basin ecological comprehensive restoration method comprises the steps: carrying out the soil replacement transplantation of a native plant in a dry lake basin, and achieving the edge-locking desertification control in the dry lake basin; indigenous plants are planted on the edge of the dry lake basin in the circumferential direction, and a sand material sealing and controlling plant strip is formed; quicksand on the earth surface is fixed by sowing psammophytes on the quicksand land on the periphery of the dry lake basin and the like; and building a plant sand-fixing grid by planting sand-fixing trees and shrubs in the upwind area on the periphery of the dry lake basin, covering a sand-fixing net and the like. The method can significantly improve the wind prevention and sand fixation efficiency of the area around the dry lake basin, effectively reduces the frequency of wind and sand disasters, provides a solid guarantee for area safety, powerfully promotes the optimization of the soil structure and the natural recovery of vegetation, enhances the water and fertilizer retention capability of soil, and improves the water and fertilizer retention capability of the soil. And the service functions, such as water conservation, climate regulation and the like, of a regional ecological system are also remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological comprehensive restoration and intelligent monitoring method for dry lake basins. Background Art

[0002] Dry lake basins are typical desert landforms in the northwest region of China, mainly composed of silt, clay, and evaporite crusts. They are also one of the important sources of sandstorms. Due to the exhaustion of water sources, the surface of the dry lake basin area is exposed, the soil is loose, and it is extremely easy to be transformed into a sand source area, posing a severe challenge to the surrounding ecological environment and human activities. The climate in this area is arid and the wind is strong, providing sufficient dynamic conditions for sand activities. In the arid environment, the soil moisture evaporates rapidly, resulting in loose soil, which is easily blown by the wind. Sand and dust not only erode the soil, damage vegetation, and exacerbate land desertification, but also carry a large amount of saline-alkali dust, polluting the surrounding ecological environment. In addition, sand and dust reduce visibility, affect traffic safety, especially around transportation arteries such as highways and railways, and may also cause damage to traffic facilities. Sand and dust cover farmland, affecting the growth of crops, reducing yields, and exacerbating the saline-alkalization problem of farmland soil.

[0003] Although existing sand control methods such as windbreak walls and afforestation are effective to a certain extent, they are costly and difficult to continuously play their roles under extremely arid conditions, and there are many defects. For example, under extremely arid conditions, straw checkerboards are prone to rot and fail, and windbreak walls need to be frequently maintained due to sand accumulation and cannot adapt to the dynamic changes of dune movement. Another example is that existing vegetation restoration technologies rely on external water source replenishment, while the water resources in the dry lake basin area are extremely scarce, resulting in low vegetation survival rates and high restoration costs. Moreover, existing vegetation restoration technologies mostly use single-species planting and lack adaptive screening for the extreme environment of dry lake basins, resulting in low vegetation survival rates and difficult-to-play ecological functions. In addition, existing sand control technologies lack a dynamic coupling monitoring mechanism for soil salinization and wind erosion processes and cannot adjust restoration strategies in a timely manner, resulting in difficult-to-sustain restoration effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological comprehensive restoration method and an intelligent monitoring method for dry lake basins to overcome the defects of the prior art.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides an ecological comprehensive restoration method for dry lake basins, including: S1, evenly opening a plurality of transplanting holes on the surface inside the dry lake basin, dispersing and transplanting the native plants in the dry lake basin into the plurality of transplanting holes in the form of soil transplantation, and covering at least the plurality of transplanting holes with a water retention film, and then propagating the transplanted plants to achieve sand control by locking the edge inside the dry lake basin; S2. Plant native plants circumferentially along the edge of the dry lake basin to form a sand control plant strip. The sand control plant strip includes a first annular area, a second annular area, and a third annular area that are sequentially distributed along the direction from the inside to the outside of the dry lake basin. Herbaceous plants are planted in the first annular area, shrubs and herbaceous plants are interplanted in the second annular area to form a first living sand barrier, and trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants are interplanted in the third annular area to form a second living sand barrier; S3. Sow psammophytes on the drifting sand land outside the dry lake basin, then evenly cover the ground surface with gravel, and then intermittently irrigate with a mobile auxiliary irrigation device to fix the surface drifting sand; S4. Plant sand-fixing trees and shrubs in the upwind area outside the dry lake basin, sow psammophytic herbaceous plants, and cover the ground surface with a sand-fixing net to construct a plant sand-fixing grid.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, among them: the multiple transplanting holes in S1 are divided into multiple groups, and the three transplanting holes in each group are arranged in a triangular pattern, and the distance between them is 0.5-1.5 times the diameter of the transplanting hole, which is beneficial to promoting the formation of new shrub sand dunes inside the dry lake basin and improving the sand control efficiency.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, among them: the width of the first annular area is 5-50m, the width of the second annular area is 10-50m, and the width of the third annular area is 15-50m.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, among them: the herbaceous plants in step S2 include Astragalus adsurgens, Hedysarum laeve, Caragana korshinskii, Alhagi sparsifolia, or Phragmites australis, the shrubs include Haloxylon ammodendron, Caragana korshinskii, or Calligonum mongolicum, the trees include Populus euphratica, Elaeagnus angustifolia, or Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and the top of the shrubs is close to the lower part of the tree crown of the trees.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, among them: the planting density of the shrubs in the second annular area is greater than the planting density of the shrubs in the third annular area.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, among them: straw checkerboards are arranged on the ground of the first annular area, and herbaceous plants are planted in the area surrounded by the straw checkerboards.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, among them: a method for ecological intelligent monitoring of a dry lake basin, step S2 specifically includes: according to the topographic features around the dry lake basin, select the types and / or planting densities of the trees and / or shrubs to be planted in the second annular area and / or the third annular area, so that the formed first living sand barrier and / or second living sand barrier have the optimal sand blocking and sand fixing efficiency; As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein: the restoration method further includes: Chemically stabilizing the drifting sand around the shrub dunes upwind of the dry lake basin; And / or, applying a soil conditioner to the soil inside and around the dry lake basin, the soil conditioner including one or more of a water-retaining agent, a microbial agent, and a fertilizer.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein: a dry lake basin ecological intelligent monitoring method is used for intelligent monitoring of the dry lake basin ecological restoration area, and the dry lake basin ecological intelligent monitoring method includes: Step 1, deploying a variety of environmental monitoring sensors in the dry lake basin ecological restoration area to monitor the environmental parameters of the dry lake basin ecological restoration area in real time; Step 2, data processing and strategy generation of the intelligent management module S21, data recording and processing: The intelligent management module collects and stores the data of the environmental monitoring sensors in real time, performs data cleaning and preprocessing to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data; S22, prediction of the trend of sand and wind activities: Based on the wind direction and wind speed data in the historical period, using statistical models and machine learning algorithms, predict the trend of sand and wind activities in the future period, and generate corresponding sand and wind prevention strategies according to the prediction results, such as adjusting the vegetation planting density and species, and increasing sand fixation measures, etc.; S23, soil improvement and vegetation planting strategy: According to the soil property data monitored in real time, the intelligent management module selects the vegetation species suitable for planting in the soil improvement area and generates corresponding plant planting strategies. For example, for areas with low soil humidity, drought-tolerant plants are selected; for areas with serious desertification, plants with strong sand fixation ability are selected; Step 3, evaluation of the ecological restoration effect and strategy adjustment S31, regular evaluation: The intelligent management module regularly evaluates the ecological restoration effect based on the environmental parameters within the selected time period.

[0014] S32, strategy adjustment: According to the evaluation results, the intelligent management module automatically adjusts the ecological restoration strategy.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein: the wind speed and wind direction sensor is used to monitor the wind speed and wind direction of the dry lake basin ecological restoration area to evaluate the trend and intensity of sand and wind activities; The soil sensor is used to monitor the soil humidity of the dry lake basin ecological restoration area to provide data support for vegetation growth; The vegetation coverage rate and growth conditions of the dry lake basin ecological restoration area are monitored by remote sensing equipment through remote sensing monitoring and field monitoring methods; And / or, the regular evaluation in step S31 includes vegetation coverage rate, soil improvement degree, and reduction of sand and wind activities; And / or, the specific adjustment of the ecological restoration strategy in step S32 includes: if the vegetation coverage rate in a certain area does not reach the expectation, increase the vegetation planting density or adjust the planting species; if the sand and wind activities are still frequent, strengthen the sand fixation measures or adjust the vegetation layout.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. By constructing a triple vegetation barrier composed of herbaceous plants, mixed herbaceous and shrub plants, and mixed arbor, shrub, and herbaceous plants at the edge of the dry lake basin, the present invention effectively reduces the wind speed, blocks and fixes the movement of sand substances, significantly reduces the occurrence frequency of sand and wind disasters, and provides a solid safety guarantee for the surrounding area.

[0017] 2. The setting of transplanting holes and the covering of water-retaining membranes in the present invention help to maintain soil humidity and create more favorable conditions for plant growth. At the same time, the growth of plant roots and the decomposition of residues can improve the soil structure, increase the organic matter content of the soil, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, reduce soil erosion. Meanwhile, the use of native plant transplantation and the planting of local plants are more suitable for the local environment, improve the survival rate of vegetation. A reasonable vegetation layout and planting density contribute to the formation of a stable plant community, promote the natural succession and restoration of vegetation, and enhance the stability and service function of the regional ecosystem.

[0018] 3. The diverse vegetation structure in the present invention provides rich habitats and food sources for different organisms, attracts organisms such as birds and insects to inhabit here, forms a more complex ecological system food chain, promotes the development of biodiversity, improves the stability and anti-interference ability of the ecological system. At the same time, the combination of multi-layer vegetation and soil improvement forms an interdependent and mutually promoting ecological system. The growth of plants can improve the soil conditions, and the improved soil is conducive to the growth and reproduction of plants. Through this virtuous cycle, a more stable and sustainable ecological system is constructed.

[0019] 4. By sowing psammophytes on the shifting sand land and covering with gravel, and combining with the intermittent irrigation of mobile auxiliary irrigation equipment, the present invention can effectively fix the surface shifting sand, prevent it from moving with the wind, reduce the harm of sand and wind activities to the surrounding environment, protect important areas such as transportation arteries and farmland. And by constructing a plant sand fixation grid and vegetation strips, a solid protective barrier is formed on the periphery of the dry lake basin, reducing the damage of sand and wind to transportation facilities, reducing potential traffic safety hazards. At the same time, it avoids sand and wind covering farmland, ensures the normal growth of crops, and reduces the salinization problem of farmland soil.

[0020] 5. To a certain extent, the present invention optimizes ecological restoration measures, reduces the dependence on high-cost treatment methods such as traditional frequently maintained windbreak walls and vegetation restoration that rely on a large amount of external water sources, reduces the overall cost of ecological restoration, improves resource utilization efficiency. At the same time, the application of intelligent monitoring methods makes the ecological restoration process more scientific and efficient. Through real-time monitoring of environmental parameters and data analysis, problems can be discovered in a timely manner and restoration strategies can be adjusted to ensure that various restoration measures can quickly take effect, improving the efficiency and effect of ecological restoration.

[0021] 6. The present invention combines traditional ecological restoration technologies with modern intelligent monitoring technologies, realizes refined control and efficient management of the ecological restoration process, uses machine learning algorithms to predict the trend of sand and wind activities, provides a scientific basis for formulating vegetation planting strategies, improves the scientificity and pertinence of ecological restoration. At the same time, the present invention provides a set of technical solutions with demonstration significance, which is applicable to the restoration work of dry lake basins and other similar ecologically fragile areas. Its operation method is relatively simple, the technology is highly replicable, and it is easy to promote and apply in different regions, which is of great significance for promoting the continuous improvement of the regional ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for description in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings. Among them: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the plant planting area of the dry lake basin ecological comprehensive restoration method of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the steps of the dry lake basin ecological comprehensive restoration method of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of the steps of the dry lake basin ecological intelligent monitoring method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] In view of the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a dry lake basin ecological comprehensive restoration method and an intelligent monitoring method, aiming to improve the windbreak and sand fixation efficiency of the surrounding areas of the dry lake basin, reduce the frequent occurrence rate of sand and wind disasters, provide a solid guarantee for regional safety, and at the same time promote the optimization of soil structure and the natural restoration of vegetation, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, and enhance the service functions of the regional ecological system, such as water conservation and climate regulation.

[0026] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the following provides a detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0027] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be practiced in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0028] Refer to Figures 1-3 , for an embodiment of the present invention, a method for comprehensive ecological restoration and intelligent monitoring of a dry lake basin is provided, including: I. Construction Preparation 1.1 Ecological Investigation and Planning: Conduct a detailed ecological investigation on the dry lake basin and its surrounding areas, including soil type, humidity, salinity, vegetation distribution, and sandstorm activity patterns. According to the investigation results, formulate a scientific and reasonable ecological restoration plan, determine the layout of transplanting holes, plant species selection, width of the circular area, scope of sand drift control, and sand fixation measures in the upwind area; 1.2 Material Preparation: According to the plan, prepare the required plant seedlings (native plants, indigenous plants, psammophytes), water retention film, imported soil, gravel, sand fixation net, chemical sand fixation agent, soil conditioner (water retention agent, microbial inoculant, fertilizer), environmental monitoring sensors (wind speed and direction sensor, soil sensor), intelligent management equipment, and mobile auxiliary irrigation equipment materials; 1.3 Site Cleaning: Conduct site cleaning in the interior, edge, and peripheral areas of the dry lake basin, including removing weeds, garbage, and stone obstacles to create good construction conditions for subsequent ecological restoration work; II. Implementation of Ecological Restoration Method 2.1 Transplanting and Propagation of Native Plants in the Dry Lake Basin 2.1.1 Opening Transplanting Holes: On the surface of the interior of the dry lake basin, according to the pre-designed layout, evenly open multiple transplanting holes. The size and depth of the transplanting holes should be determined according to the root size and growth habits of native plants to ensure that there is sufficient growth space for the plants after transplantation.

[0029] 2.1.2 Transplanting with Imported Soil: Transplant the native plants in the dry lake basin into multiple transplanting holes in a dispersed manner by transplanting with imported soil. The imported soil should be selected to be similar to the original growth environment of the native plants to improve the survival rate of the plants. During the transplantation process, attention should be paid to protecting the roots of the plants to avoid damage.

[0030] 2.1.3 Cover with water-retaining film: Cover the transplanting holes with a water-retaining film. The water-retaining film should be made of materials with good light transmittance, strong air permeability and good water-retaining performance. When covering, pay attention to compacting the edges of the film to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. Through the water-retaining film, reduce soil moisture evaporation, maintain soil humidity, and create favorable conditions for plant growth.

[0031] 2.1.4 Plant propagation: Propagate the native plants after transplantation. Propagation methods such as cutting, dividing plants, and sowing can be used to increase the number of plants, gradually expand the vegetation coverage area, and achieve sand control by locking the edges inside the dry lake basin.

[0032] 2.2 Construction of plant strips for sand material control at the edge of the dry lake basin 2.2.1 The first circular area: Determine the width of the first circular area along the inner circumference of the edge of the dry lake basin to be 5 - 50 m. Plant herbaceous plants in this area, such as Astragalus adsurgens, Hedysarum laeve, Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. mongolica, Alhagi sparsifolia or Phragmites australis. The herbaceous plants can be planted by hole planting or trench planting. The planting density is determined according to the plant species and growth habits. At the same time, lay straw checkerboards on the ground in the first circular area. The straw checkerboards are woven from materials such as wheat straw and rice straw, and are square or rectangular, surrounding the herbaceous plants, playing the role of fixing sand and reducing wind erosion.

[0033] 2.2.2 The second circular area: Determine the width of the second circular area outside the first circular area to be 10 - 50 m. Interplant shrubs and herbaceous plants in this area to form the first living sand barrier. Shrubs can be selected from Haloxylon ammodendron, Caragana korshinskii or Calligonum mongolicum. Herbaceous plants can continue to select some of the species in the first circular area or add other species with strong adaptability. The planting density of shrubs should be greater than that of shrubs in the third circular area to form a dense shrubbery and improve the sand fixation effect. When planting, pay attention to the matching and layout of plants so that the shrubs and herbaceous plants are intertwined to form a stable vegetation community.

[0034] 2.2.3 The third circular area: Determine the width of the third circular area outside the second circular area to be 15 - 50 m. Interplant trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in this area to form the second living sand barrier. Trees can be selected from Populus euphratica, Elaeagnus angustifolia or Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Their height is relatively high, which can form an upper-layer vegetation coverage; shrubs and herbaceous plants are planted under and around the trees to form a multi-layered vegetation structure, enhancing the wind prevention and sand fixation ability. The tops of the shrubs should be close to the lower part of the tree crowns to ensure the coordination and stability of the entire vegetation community.

[0035] 2.3 Treatment of shifting sand areas outside the dry lake basin 2.3.1 Seeding of sand-dwelling plants: In the quicksand land outside the dry lake basin, select sand-dwelling plants that are adapted to the quicksand environment for sowing, such as Artemisia ordosica, Artemisia sphaerocephala, and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. Before sowing, the quicksand land should be properly prepared, such as leveling the land and removing stones. Sowing can be done by broadcasting or row sowing, and the sowing amount and sowing depth should be determined according to the characteristics of the plant seeds and their growth habits.

[0036] 2.3.2 Gravel covering: Evenly cover the quicksand after sowing with a layer of gravel. The particle size of the gravel is generally 5-20mm, and the covering thickness is 3-8cm. Gravel covering can reduce wind erosion of sand and reduce the mobility of sand. At the same time, it can maintain soil moisture, which is conducive to the germination and growth of sand-dwelling plant seeds.

[0037] 2.3.3 Mobile assisted irrigation: Use mobile assisted irrigation equipment to carry out intermittent irrigation on quicksand land. The irrigation equipment can be flexibly arranged according to the area and shape of the quicksand land, such as using mobile sprinkler equipment or drip irrigation equipment. The irrigation cycle and irrigation amount should be determined according to the water demand characteristics of sand plants and soil moisture conditions. Generally, the irrigation frequency and irrigation amount are increased during the key periods of plant growth, such as seed germination and seedling stage, to ensure the normal growth and development of plants.

[0038] 2.4 Planting of sand-fixing trees and shrubs in the upwind area outside the dry lake basin 2.4.1 Planting of sand-fixing trees and shrubs: In the upwind area outside the dry lake basin, select trees and shrubs with strong sand-fixing ability for planting, such as Salix psammophila and Tamarix chinensis. Before planting, the land in the area should be properly prepared, such as deep plowing and fertilization, to improve soil conditions and increase the survival rate of plants. The planting density of trees and shrubs should be determined according to the growth habits and crown size of the plants. Generally, the spacing between trees and rows is 3-5m, and the spacing between shrubs is 1-2m. When planting, attention should be paid to the selection and treatment of seedlings, and plants with well-developed root systems and strong seedlings should be selected. Appropriate pruning and soaking should be carried out before planting to increase the survival rate of seedlings.

[0039] 2.4.2 Seeding of sand-dwelling herbaceous plants: While planting sand-fixing trees and shrubs, sand-dwelling herbaceous plants such as Astragalus membranaceus and Asparagus cochinchinensis are sown on the surface. The sowing of herbaceous plants can be carried out simultaneously with the planting of trees and shrubs, or they can be sown after the planting of trees and shrubs. The sowing amount and sowing depth should be determined according to the characteristics of the grass seeds and soil conditions.

[0040] 2.4.3 Sand fixation net coverage: After planting sand-fixing trees, shrubs and sowing psammophytic herbs on the ground surface, cover it with a sand fixation net. The sand fixation net can be made of nylon net or polypropylene net, and the mesh size is generally 3 - 5 cm × 3 - 5 cm. When covering, the sand fixation net should be closely attached to the ground and fixed with soil blocks, stones, etc. to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. The coverage of the sand fixation net can effectively reduce the erosion of wind and sand on the soil, protect plant seeds and seedlings, and improve the survival rate of vegetation growth.

[0041] III. Deployment of Intelligent Monitoring System 3.1 Arrangement of environmental monitoring sensors: Reasonably arrange a variety of environmental monitoring sensors in the dry lake basin ecological restoration area to achieve comprehensive and real-time monitoring of the restoration area. In each ecological restoration area inside, on the edge and outside of the dry lake basin, set up wind speed and direction sensors to monitor the changes in wind speed and direction and evaluate the trend and intensity of sand and wind activities; set up soil sensors to monitor the physical and chemical properties of the soil and provide data support for vegetation growth.

[0042] 3.2 Installation and debugging of intelligent management module: Install the intelligent management module in the monitoring center or management station of the ecological restoration area, connect it with each environmental monitoring sensor through a wired or wireless communication network to achieve real-time data transmission and reception, and debug and configure the intelligent management module to ensure its normal operation and accurate processing of monitoring data.

[0043] 3.3 Integration and operation of intelligent monitoring system: Integrate environmental monitoring sensors, intelligent management modules and related data transmission devices to form a complete intelligent monitoring system. During the operation of the system, the intelligent management module collects and stores the data of environmental monitoring sensors in real time, and performs operations such as data cleaning and preprocessing to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data. Through the analysis of historical data, using statistical models and machine learning algorithms, predict the trend of sand and wind activities in the future period, and generate corresponding sand and wind prevention and control strategies according to the prediction results, such as adjusting the vegetation planting density and species, increasing sand fixation measures, etc. At the same time, according to the real-time monitored soil property data, the intelligent management module selects the appropriate vegetation species to be planted in the soil improvement area and generates corresponding plant planting strategies.

[0044] IV. Evaluation of Restoration Effect and Strategy Adjustment 4.1 Regular evaluation: The intelligent management module regularly evaluates the ecological restoration effect of the dry lake basin according to the set evaluation period. The evaluation indicators include vegetation coverage rate, soil improvement degree, reduction of sand and wind activities and changes in biodiversity. Through various methods such as field monitoring, remote sensing monitoring and sensor data collection, obtain relevant evaluation data and conduct comprehensive analysis and evaluation.

[0045] 4.2 Strategy Adjustment: Based on the results of regular evaluations, the intelligent management module automatically adjusts the ecological restoration strategy. When the vegetation coverage rate in a certain area fails to reach the expected target, the vegetation planting density in that area is increased or the planting species are adjusted, and plants more suitable for the local environmental conditions are selected for replanting; when sand activities are still relatively frequent, the sand fixation measures in that area are strengthened, such as increasing the laying area of straw checkerboards, increasing the coverage density of sand fixation nets, or planting more plants with stronger sand fixation ability; when the effect of soil improvement is not obvious, the types and application amounts of soil improvers are adjusted, or other soil improvement measures are adopted, such as deep plowing the land, planting green manure plants, etc., to improve soil quality and promote vegetation growth.

[0046] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not restrictive. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for comprehensive ecological restoration of dry lake basins, characterized in that: include: S1, evenly opening a plurality of transplanting holes on the surface of the dry lake basin, and transplanting native plants in the dry lake basin into the plurality of transplanting holes in a dispersed manner by transplanting foreign soil, and at least covering the plurality of transplanting holes with a water-retaining film, and then propagating the transplanted plants to achieve edge locking and sand control in the dry lake basin; S2, planting native plants along the circumferential direction at the edge of the dry lake basin to form a sand material-enclosed plant strip, wherein the sand material-enclosed plant strip includes a first annular area, a second annular area and a third annular area distributed in sequence from the inside of the dry lake basin to the periphery, wherein herbaceous plants are planted in the first annular area, shrubs and herbaceous plants are intermixedly planted in the second annular area to form a first living screen, and trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants are intermixedly planted in the third annular area to form a second living screen; S3, sowing sand plants on the quicksand land outside the dry lake basin, then evenly covering the surface with gravel, and then intermittently irrigating with mobile auxiliary irrigation equipment to fix the quicksand on the surface; S4, plant sand-fixing trees and shrubs in the upwind area outside the dry lake basin, sow sand-loving herbs, and cover the surface with sand-fixing nets to construct a plant sand-fixing grid.

2. The method for comprehensive ecological restoration of dry lake basins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple transplanting holes in S1 are divided into multiple groups, and the three transplanting holes in each group are arranged in a herringbone shape, and the distance between each other is 0.5-1.5 times the diameter of the transplanting hole.

3. The method for comprehensive ecological restoration of dry lake basins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the first annular region is 5-50 m, the width of the second annular region is 10-50 m, and the width of the third annular region is 15-50 m.

4. The method for comprehensive ecological restoration of dry lake basins according to claim 3, characterized in that: The herbaceous plants in step S2 include Astragalus membranaceus, Astragalus sinensis, Astragalus truncatula, Camel thorn or Phragmites australis, the shrubs include Haloxylon ammodendron, Caragana microphylla or Calligonum mongolica, the trees include Populus euphratica, Elaeagnus angustifolia or Pinus sylvestris, and the tops of the shrubs are close to the lower part of the tree leaf canopies.

5. The method for comprehensive ecological restoration of dry lake basins according to claim 4, characterized in that: The planting density of shrubs in the second annular area is greater than the planting density of shrubs in the third annular area.

6. The method for comprehensive ecological restoration of dry lake basins according to claim 5, characterized in that: Grass grids are arranged on the ground of the first annular area, and herbaceous plants are planted in the area surrounded by the grass grids.

7. The method for comprehensive ecological restoration of dry lake basins according to any one of claims 1, 3-5, characterized in that: Step S2 specifically includes: according to the terrain characteristics around the dry lake basin, selecting the types and / or planting density of trees and / or shrubs to be planted in the second annular area and / or the third annular area, so that the formed first living screen and / or second living screen have the optimal sand blocking and sand fixation efficiency.

8. The method for comprehensive ecological restoration of dry lake basins according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The repair method further comprises: Chemical sand fixation treatment is carried out on the quicksand around the shrub sand piles upwind of the dry lake basin; And / or, applying soil conditioners to the soil inside and around the dry lake basin, wherein the soil conditioners include one or more of water retaining agents, microbial agents, and fertilizers.

9. A dry lake basin ecological intelligent monitoring method, used for intelligent monitoring of dry lake basin ecological restoration areas, characterized in that: The dry lake basin ecological restoration area is formed by ecological restoration of the interior and surrounding areas of the dry lake basin using the method described in any one of claims 1 to 8; Furthermore, the dry lake basin ecological intelligent monitoring method comprises: Step 1: deploying a variety of environmental monitoring sensors in the dry lake basin ecological restoration area to monitor the environmental parameters of the dry lake basin ecological restoration area in real time; Step 2: Data processing and strategy generation of the intelligent management module S21, data recording and processing: The intelligent management module collects and stores data from environmental monitoring sensors in real time, performs data cleaning and preprocessing, and ensures the accuracy and integrity of the data; S22, forecast of wind and sand activity trends: Based on the wind direction and speed data in the historical period, using statistical models and machine learning algorithms, forecast the trend of wind and sand activity in the future period, and generate corresponding wind and sand prevention and control strategies based on the forecast results, such as adjusting the density and type of vegetation planting, increasing sand fixation measures, etc.; S23, soil improvement and vegetation planting strategy: Based on the real-time monitored soil property data, the intelligent management module selects the vegetation types suitable for planting in the soil improvement area and generates corresponding plant planting strategies. For example, for areas with low soil moisture, drought-resistant plants are selected; for areas with severe desertification, plants with strong sand fixation ability are selected; Step 3: Ecological restoration effect evaluation and strategy adjustment S31, regular evaluation: The intelligent management module regularly evaluates the ecological restoration effect based on environmental parameters within the selected period; S32, strategy adjustment: Based on the evaluation results, the intelligent management module automatically adjusts the ecological restoration strategy.

10. The dry lake basin ecological intelligent monitoring method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: Step 1 specifically includes: Using wind speed and direction sensors to monitor wind speed and direction in the dry lake basin ecological restoration area to assess the trend and intensity of wind and sand activities; Using soil sensors to monitor soil moisture in the dry lake basin ecological restoration area to provide data support for vegetation growth; Monitor the vegetation coverage and growth in the dry lake basin ecological restoration area by remote sensing equipment and on-site monitoring; And / or, the step S31 includes regularly evaluating vegetation coverage, soil improvement degree, and reduction of wind and sand activities; And / or, the specific adjustment of the ecological restoration strategy in step S32 includes: if the vegetation coverage rate of a certain area does not meet expectations, increasing the vegetation planting density or adjusting the planting type; if wind and sand activities are still frequent, strengthening sand fixation measures or adjusting the vegetation layout.

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