Method for promoting continuous high yield of old seedlings of trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting continuous high yield of old seedlings of trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. The method can induce new roots on old roots, and comprises the following steps: pretreatment of trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim plants; preparing a rooting bag; new root induction; field management of new roots of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim. The method solves the problems that the degraded yield of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim plants is low and the comprehensive benefit of new seedling replacement is poor in the prior art. By means of the method, the seedling cost is saved by 600 yuan per mu, the yield of trichosanthes kirilowii maxim seeds in the decline stage and the seedling changing stage in two years is increased by about 80 yuan, and the income is increased by 1600 yuan according to the market price of 20 yuan / yuan; the cost of two times of weeding is predicted to be 640 yuan, the cost is saved and the efficiency is increased by more than 2840 yuan through comprehensive calculation, the cost is saved and the efficiency is increased per mu by more than 1420 yuan on average every year in two years, the benefit is remarkable, and the market prospect is huge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for high yield of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., in particular to a method for promoting continuous high yield of old seedlings of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. Background Art

[0002] Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. comes from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. and Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms of the genus Trichosanthes in the Cucurbitaceae family. It is a perennial herbaceous vine with dioecious plants. The fruits (whole Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.), seeds (Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. seeds), pericarp (Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. pericarp) and roots (radix trichosanthis) can all be used as medicine, having the effects of moistening the lungs, resolving phlegm, dispersing stagnation and loosening the bowels, and being effective against coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, AIDS and cancer, etc. Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. seeds have the effects of entering the lungs, resolving phlegm, moistening the lungs and relieving sore throat, loosening the bowels and promoting digestion, nourishing the stomach and protecting the stomach, etc. They can be used to treat cough, asthma and wheezing caused by dryness of the lungs; they can also promote the secretion of digestive juices, promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, improve constipation and dry stools; they can be used to treat dyspepsia and loss of appetite caused by stomach deficiency syndrome. Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. is a delicious snack food and also has rich medicinal and health care values. It is distributed all over the country, mainly produced in Anhui, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Jiangsu and other places, with a planting area of about more than 500,000 mu.

[0003] Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. is a perennial rootstock plant, with benefits for multiple years after one-year planting and benefits in the same year of planting. Generally, after 3 - 6 years of planting, it needs to be replanted and re-planted. The main reason for changing seedlings is that after Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. forms enlarged roots, new roots grow from the morphological lower end of the enlarged root mass, and it is not easy for new roots to grow at the rhizome part. After a long planting time, the substances in the old root mass become aged, especially after overwintering, a large amount of organic acids and other substances that are not conducive to plant growth accumulate. After planting, the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. will become enlarged and fleshy, producing root masses with a diameter of more than 10 cm. After the absorbing roots absorb nutrients and water, they need to pass through the root masses to transport the nutrients to the above-ground parts. As the planting years increase, the root masses age, and the fleshy root masses accumulate organic acids and other substances that are not conducive to plant growth, resulting in the destruction of the internal nutrient transport cells, affecting the absorption and transportation of water and nutrients, and causing the above-ground parts of the roots to not obtain the required nutrients. Therefore, the phenomenon of old seedling degradation occurs after many years of planting, affecting the growth of plants and ultimately leading to a decrease in yield.

[0004] Old seedling degradation is a normal phenomenon in the growth and metabolism of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. plants. A single Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. plant can produce hundreds or thousands of seeds. The mother plant decays after 3 - 4 years of growth, leaving growth space for the offspring to achieve renewal. However, for Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. planting, it will seriously affect the yield. Regarding the problem of old root degradation, the traditional method is to directly change seedlings. The method of changing seedlings refers to removing the old seedlings and then planting new seedlings, which requires the cost of seedlings and a large amount of labor. The newly planted small seedlings grow weakly in the first 1 - 2 years. As a result, the weeds on the ground are likely to run wild, increasing the management cost and having a low yield, with poor comprehensive benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting the continuous high yield of old Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. plants, which solves the problems of low yield and poor comprehensive benefits of the existing management methods for the degradation of old plants. The method of the present invention induces new roots to improve the nutrient transportation of the plants, significantly enhances the growth ability of the plants, extends the high-yield period of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. by 2 - 10 years, and has a remarkable effect of increasing production and income.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for promoting the continuous high yield of old Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. plants, which method comprises: (1) Pretreatment of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. plants Select Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. plants that have grown for 3 - 5 years and are in the decline period. In March - July, when the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. climbs the trellis and the vine is more than 1 meter long, weeds are cleared, the branches are lowered, and girdling or semi - girdling is carried out at the branches more than 20 cm away from the root tuber to obtain the treated branches with wounds. (2) Preparation of the rooting package The rooting package contains a rooting agent and an adsorbent, and the rooting agent is fully absorbed into the adsorbent. The adsorbent is floral foam, water - absorbing sponge, water - retaining agent or clay; the components of the rooting agent are any two or more of naphthalene acetic acid, 2,4 - dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indole - 3 - butyric acid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, brassinolide and ibuprofen. (3) Induction of new roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. In April - August, after clamping the treated branches with wounds with the rooting package, they are buried in a moist soil pit, and both ends of the branches at the wound are exposed on the soil surface. (4) Field management of the new roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. The rooting package buried in the soil is kept moist, and dilution of the rooting agent is avoided. After 1 week of moisturizing, new roots can be induced at the wound in the rooting package. One month later, the new roots begin to swell, and the new roots exposed on the soil surface need to be covered with soil in time, and fertilization can be carried out around the new roots. In winter, the new roots need to be kept warm and protected from freezing. For those with well - developed new roots, the old roots are removed in time; when spring comes the next year, select the well - growing tender buds on the new roots as the main vines, and remove other bud strips.

[0007] Preferably, in step (2), the rooting agent contains naphthalene acetic acid, 2,4 - dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indole - 3 - butyric acid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, brassinolide and ibuprofen.

[0008] More preferably, the component content of the rooting agent is: in every 1000 mL of the rooting agent, the mass ratio of naphthalene acetic acid, 2,4 - dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indole - 3 - butyric acid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, brassinolide and ibuprofen is (0.01 - 10.0)∶(0.01 - 0.5)∶(5 - 500)∶(0.01 - 5)∶(0.01 - 1.0)∶(0 - 1000).

[0009] Preferably, the rooting agent further comprises a bactericide for preventing and controlling pests and diseases; the bactericide is carbendazim at 12.5% diluted 200 - 300 times or hymexazol at 30% diluted 1000 times.

[0010] More preferably, the diameter of the rooting package is 2 - 12 cm and the length is 2 - 15 cm.

[0011] Preferably, in step (3), the thickness of the buried moist soil pit is 2 - 6 cm; in step (4), the number of tender buds is 1 - 2; the humidity for moisture retention is 85% - 92%.

[0012] A method for promoting the continuous high yield of old Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings of the present invention solves the problems of low yield and poor comprehensive benefits of the existing management methods for old seedling degradation, and has the following advantages: 1. For a single plant, it has the function of improving and replacing the root system: Under the condition of ensuring that the old roots are in a growing state, the present invention induces new roots on the branches not far from the old root system. After cultivation and management, new roots are obtained, thereby improving the state of the root system and significantly increasing the yield in the year of induction. If the original old roots have root pests and diseases, after inducing new roots by this method, the old roots with pests and diseases can be replaced, achieving the effect of changing the rootstock, thereby enhancing the high-yield potential of the entire Trichosanthes kirilowii population.

[0013] 2. The replacement of old and new roots is carried out in an orderly manner, maximizing the guarantee of yield: By this method, new roots are induced in the new soil not far from the old roots to replace the old roots, avoiding continuous cropping obstacles. If the old roots are removed every other year, the nutrients in the old roots can be transferred and utilized; at the same time, the new roots induced during the vigorous growth period of Trichosanthes kirilowii have participated in the nutrient transportation and absorption in the same year, and have stronger activity compared with the old roots in the degradation period, providing more nutrients for the above-ground part, with greater growth and higher yield. In winter, some old roots can be removed to avoid the influence of old roots on the plant growth in the second year. After root replacement, the new roots have grown into the soil in the first year, and Trichosanthes kirilowii has strong growth potential, and the stems and leaves can cover the shed, achieving the effect of high yield.

[0014] 3. It can successfully solve the problem of replacing old and new roots: Compared with the traditional method, the present invention induces new roots during the vigorous growth period or the decline period of Trichosanthes kirilowii. The growth of the above-ground part is still relatively large, and the amount of induced new roots is large. Each induction can produce about 4 new roots, and they are induced during the peak production period of Trichosanthes kirilowii. The demarcation between the old roots and the new roots is significant in the second year, and it is very easy to distinguish between the old roots and the new roots, and the old roots can be easily removed.

[0015] 5. It can continuously replace the old roots in an infinite loop to achieve continuous high yield for many years: Induce new roots once every 3 to 5 years. By continuously inducing new roots, theoretically, it can reproduce infinitely, achieving the goal of replacing the roots without replacing the seedlings and maintaining continuous high yield. In production, it is also possible to extend the seedling replacement to more than 10 years to ensure that Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. is in a state of continuous high yield.

[0016] 6. It can achieve high yield while reducing costs, increasing efficiency and income: Using the method of the present invention, the seedling cost per mu is saved by 600 yuan, and the yield of about 80 catties of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. seeds in the 2-year decline period and seedling replacement period is increased. Calculated at the market price of 20 yuan / catty, the increased income is 1600 yuan; the weeding cost is also reduced by about 640 yuan for 2 times. Calculated comprehensively, the cost is reduced and the efficiency is increased by more than 2840 yuan. The average annual cost reduction and efficiency increase per mu is more than 1420 yuan in 2 years, and the benefit is significant. If the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. seedlings are replaced every 5 years, compared with the method of removing the old roots and replacing with new seedlings, this method can reduce costs and increase efficiency by more than 500 yuan per year on average. Especially for Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. varieties with difficult root growth, such as Fructus Trichosanthis Kirilowii, if it can be popularized and applied to the planting of Fructus Trichosanthis Kirilowii, with a planting area of 210,000 mu (data in 2021), it can save costs and increase efficiency by more than 100 million yuan for the Fructus Trichosanthis Kirilowii industry every year. Therefore, the market prospect is huge. Detailed implementation mode

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1 A method for promoting continuous high yield of old Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. seedlings. The variety implemented is Yue Lou No. 4, and the location is Chengdu. This method specifically includes: (1) Pretreatment of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. plants Select Yue Lou No. 4 plants that have grown for 4 years and have entered the decline period from the full fruit period. In late April, when the melon vines are more than 1 meter long, clean the weeds around the plants, and girdle or semi-girdle the branches at a position more than 20 cm away from the root tuber to obtain the treated branches with wounds; (2) Preparation of the rooting package The rooting package includes a rooting agent and an adsorbent. The main components and contents of the rooting agent are: every 1000 mL of the rooting agent contains 2 mg of naphthaleneacetic acid, 200 mg of indolebutyric acid, 0.2 mg of fresh amine ester and 0.2 mg of brassinolide, and the rest is water. The adsorbent of the rooting agent is flower mud, and the flower mud is cut into cubes with a width of 6 cm, a height of 6 cm and a length of 12 cm. The adsorbent fully absorbs the rooting agent to make it in a saturated state, and the rooting package is made.

[0019] (3) Induction of new roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. From April to August, after clamping the processed branches with wounds using a rooting package, bury them in a moist soil pit, cover with 2 - 6 cm of soil, and expose both ends of the branches above the soil surface; (4)Field management of the new roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. The rooting package buried in the soil needs to be kept moist, watered in small amounts at multiple times, and the humidity for moisture retention is 85% - 92%. Watering should not be too hasty or excessive to avoid dilution of the rooting agent. After 1 week of moisture retention, new roots can be induced on the wounds inside the rooting package. During this period, pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases. 12.5% synergistic carbendazim diluted 200 - 300 times or 30% hymexazol diluted 1000 times can be added to the rooting agent to prevent root rot and anthracnose;

[0020] After 1 month, the new roots start to swell, and the new roots exposed above the soil surface need to be covered with soil in time, and fertilization can be carried out around the new roots; When winter comes and the new roots have developed well, remove the old roots in time; the new roots need to be kept warm and protected from freezing. When spring comes the next year, select 1 - 2 strong shoots growing from the new roots as the main vines and remove other shoot branches.

[0021] Comparative Example 1: Directly replace the seedling for planting to replace the old seedling (Yuelou No. 4) The difference from Example 1, a method for promoting continuous high yield of old Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. seedlings, is that: There are no operations in steps (1) - (4), and it is just a conventional planting without changing the seedlings.

[0022] Example 2 A method for promoting continuous high yield of old Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. seedlings is basically the same as Example 1, with the differences being: The variety implemented is Yuelou No. 3; In step (1), it has been growing for 5 years and has entered the decline period from the full - fruit period.

[0023] In step (2), the main components and contents of the rooting agent are: per 1000 mL of rooting agent, it contains 5 mg of naphthalene acetic acid, 0.5 mg of 2,4 - dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 5 mg of indole - 3 - butyric acid, 0.01 mg of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 1.0 mg of brassinolide, and 50 mg of ibuprofen.

[0024] In step (2), the adsorbent of the rooting agent is a water - absorbing sponge, and a rooting package with a diameter of 8 cm and a length of 12 cm is made by adsorbing with the water - absorbing sponge.

[0025] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 2, a method for promoting continuous high yield of old Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. seedlings, is that: There are no operations in steps (1) - (4), and it is just to remove the previous old seedlings and then plant new seedlings.

[0026] Experimental Example 1 Analyze the planting yield and benefits The number of new roots, the number and diameter of fleshy roots, and the mu yield of the methods in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were counted, and the specific results are as follows: By using the method of Example 1, an average of 4 fibrous roots were induced per plant. After management and maintenance, in the spring of the second year, 2 fleshy roots, one large and one small, were formed. The largest diameter of the large fleshy root was 4.0 cm. The yield in the year of induction, when converted to mu yield, was 112 catties, an increase of 20 catties compared to 92 catties in the year before induction; the yield in the second year reached 124 catties. Compared with Comparative Example 1 with a mu yield of 80 catties without seedling replacement, Example 1 increased by 44 catties; compared with Comparative Example 2 with a mu yield of 64 catties after seedling replacement, Example 1 increased by 60 catties; compared with Comparative Example 2 with seedling replacement, Example 1 increased a total of 80 catties in yield within 2 years. Calculated at the purchase price of 20 yuan / catty, the increased income was 1,600 yuan. The cost of seedling replacement was saved by 600 yuan / mu, and the weeding cost for 2 times was 640 yuan, with a total reduction in expenditure of 1,240 yuan. Therefore, adding the expenditure of Comparative Example 2, the method of Example 1 increased production and efficiency by more than 2,840 yuan in total for 2 years.

[0027] Therefore, Example 1 saved 600 yuan in seedling cost per mu, increased the yield of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds by about 80 catties in the 2-year decline period and seedling replacement period. Calculated at the market price of 20 yuan / catty, the increased income was 1,600 yuan; it also reduced the weeding cost for 2 times, which was expected to be 640 yuan. Calculated comprehensively, the cost was reduced and efficiency was increased by more than 2,840 yuan. The average annual cost reduction and efficiency increase per mu was more than 1,420 yuan for 2 years, and the benefit was significant. Calculated by changing once every 5 years, compared with removing old roots and directly replacing them with new roots, this method increased the income by more than 568 yuan per year on average. Especially for Trichosanthes kirilowii varieties with difficult root growth, the effect was remarkable. If it was widely applied to the cultivation of Trichosanthes kirilowii, with 210,000 mu of Trichosanthes kirilowii cultivation (data in 2021), it could save costs and increase efficiency by more than 100 million yuan for the Trichosanthes kirilowii industry every year. Therefore, the market prospect is huge.

[0028] By using the method of Example 2, an average of 4.2 fibrous roots were induced per plant. After management and maintenance, in the spring of the second year, 1-3 fleshy roots were formed. The yield in the year of induction, when converted to mu yield, was 110 catties. Compared with Comparative Example 3 with a mu yield of 89 catties without seedling replacement, Example 2 increased the yield by 21 catties; the annual yield of Example 2 in the second year reached 121 catties, an increase of 63 catties compared with Comparative Example 1 with a mu yield of 58 catties in the second year without seedling replacement; compared with Comparative Example 2 with a mu yield of 70 catties in the second year after seedling replacement, it increased by 51 catties. After 2 years, compared with Comparative Example 1 without seedling replacement, Example 2 increased the yield by 84 catties; compared with Comparative Example 2 with seedling replacement, Example 2 increased the yield by 72 catties. Calculated at the purchase price of 20 yuan / catty, the maximum increased income was 1,440 yuan. The cost of seedling replacement was saved by 600 yuan / mu, and the weeding cost for 2 times was 640 yuan, with a total reduction in expenditure of 1,240 yuan. Therefore, adding the expenditure of Comparative Example 2, the method of Example 2 increased production and efficiency by 2,680 yuan in total for 2 years.

[0029] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be recognized that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After those skilled in the art have read the above content, various modifications and alternatives to the present invention will be obvious. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for promoting sustained high yield of old Trichosanthes seedlings, characterized in that: The method includes: (1) Pretreatment of Trichosanthes plants Select 3-5-year-old Trichosanthes plants in the declining period. From March to July, when the Trichosanthes are on the shelves and the vines are more than 1 meter long, clear the weeds, press down the branches, and perform girdling or semi-girdling at the branches more than 20 cm away from the root tuber to obtain the branches with wounds treated; (2) Configuration of rooting package The rooting process includes a rooting agent and an adsorbent, and the rooting agent is fully absorbed into the adsorbent, so that the adsorbent is in a saturated state, thereby obtaining a rooting package; The adsorbent is flower mud, water-absorbing sponge, water-retaining agent or clay; the ingredients of the rooting agent include any two or more of naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, chloranthate, brassinolide and ibuprofen; (3) Induction of new roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii From April to August, use rooting bags to clamp the wounded branches and bury them in moist soil pits, with the wound ends of the branches exposed above the soil surface. (4) Field management of new roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii Keep the rooting bag buried in the soil moist. After one week of moisturizing, new roots can be induced on the wound inside the rooting bag. After 1 month, the new roots begin to swell. The new roots exposed on the soil surface need to be covered with soil in time, and fertilizer can be applied around the new roots. In winter, the new roots should be kept warm and protected from freezing. If the new roots are well developed, the old roots should be removed in time. When the spring of the second year comes, choose the young shoots that grow well on the new roots as the main vines and remove other shoots.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the rooting agent comprises naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, chloranthate, brassinolide and ibuprofen.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that In every 1000 mL of the rooting agent, the mass ratio of naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, cyanamide, brassinolide and ibuprofen is (0.01-10.0): (0.01-0.5): (5-500): (0.01-5): (0.01-1.0): (0-1000).

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The rooting agent also includes a fungicide; the fungicide is 12.5% ​​carbendazim diluted 200 to 300 times or 30% oxazolidinone diluted 1000 times.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rooting bag has a diameter of 2 to 12 cm and a length of 2 to 15 cm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (3), the thickness of the buried moist soil pit is 2 to 6 cm.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (4), the number of the tender shoots is 1 to 2; and the moisturizing humidity is 85% to 92%.