Artificial domestication method for odonteus schuchnoi

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial domestication method for odontobutis suchneri. The method comprises the steps of fishing, temporary rearing in a net cage, running water transportation, indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment and culture in a culture pond. According to the method, the dissolved oxygen condition, the pH water temperature, the photoperiod and other environmental regulation and control means in the domestication process are controlled, a three-stage medicated bath scheme of citric acid, glutaraldehyde benzalkonium bromide and oxytetracycline is adopted, and praziquantel is adopted for targeted parasite expelling, that is, environmental stimulation is effectively reduced through environmental regulation and control and use of animal protection products, loss caused by stress and fight is reduced, and the economic benefit is increased. Meanwhile, physical damage caused in the fishing and transporting processes can be effectively treated. In addition, in consideration of the fact that food of the humping head fishes mainly comprises small invertebrates such as shells, snails, crabs and shrimps, bait conversion is completed through specially-made artificial feed and a domestication material management technology in the artificial domestication process. Therefore, the artificial domestication of the wild odontella schuchnoi is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and more specifically, to a method for artificial domestication of Choerodon schoenleinii. Background Art

[0002] Choerodon schoenleinii ( Choerodon schoenleinii ), with the English name Blackspot tuskfish, commonly known as "Qingyi", also known as Black-spotted tuskfish, Shilaoshi, and Shao's grunt, is one of the four famous fish in Hong Kong, China. It belongs to the genus Choerodon of the family Labridae in the order Perciformes. It is distributed throughout South Asia, the South China Sea, the coastal waters of Indonesia and Australia. Its body is elongated and oval in shape, and the contour of the back of the head is rounded; the upper jaw is shorter and does not reach the anterior margin of the eye when extended backward; there are 4 canine teeth on each of the upper and lower margins. The head is quite large, the dorsal margin is slightly steep, and it is slightly evenly rounded. The caudal fin is truncate. The body is dark blue, and the color of small fish is lighter. There are many irregular blue stripes on the upper half of the head and the base of the pectoral fin. There is a blue dot on each scale on the body side. There is a black spot slightly larger than the pupil on the last 2 hard spines of the dorsal fin. There are no blue spots on the head and scales of adult fish, but there is a blue saddle-shaped spot about 4 scales wide and 5 scales long below the origin of the dorsal fin. The dorsal fin has 13 hard spines, 7 soft rays, the anal fin has 3 hard spines, and 10 soft rays. The body length can reach 100 cm. It inhabits flat sandy or weedy areas near lagoons and coastal reefs, and deep-sea coral reefs, and is solitary. It mainly preys on hard-shelled prey including crustaceans, mollusks and sea urchins.

[0003] This fish is a commercial fish and is sold in live fish markets in various countries or regions. The fish meat is sticky and delicious, suitable for braised cooking. In addition, due to its bright body color, it is used as an ornamental fish. Qingyi fish is a common food fish in Southeast Asia, which makes Qingyi fish face heavy overfishing pressure. The destruction of its habitat coral reefs and the aquarium trade also threaten the survival of Qingyi fish. Qingyi fish faces greater threats in Southeast Asia. In the Philippines, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, methods such as blast fishing, poisoning fishing, and spear fishing have been used for a long time. In Malaysia, it is rarely used as a food fish, but it is priced highly in Sabah. In Australia, Qingyi fish is widely distributed and faces less threat, but it still faces certain commercial fishing pressure. It can be seen in the Great Barrier Reef, Shark Bay, Dampier, Broome, and along the coast of Victoria.

[0004] Australia has restrictions on the catch and size of Schwier's tuskfish, and protected areas such as the Great Barrier Reef also restrict fishing. Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and the Philippines have also established marine protected areas, but many of them are accused of insufficient supervision and little protection. Okinawa fishermen do not catch bluefin mullets that are less than 1 kilogram. In order to ease the fishing pressure on wild resources and protect the population of Schwier's tuskfish, the research on artificial breeding technology is particularly important. The premise of artificial breeding is to achieve the artificial domestication of Schwier's tuskfish. However, there is relatively little research on the artificial domestication of Schwier's tuskfish at home and abroad, and there is no mature technical system yet. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above defects and shortcomings in the prior art and provide a method for artificially taming Schwimmel's tuskfish.

[0006] The above-mentioned object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: An artificial domestication method of Schwier's tuskfish, comprising: catching, cage temporary rearing, live water transportation, indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment, and rearing in a breeding pond; The indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment is to bathe the Schulichthys scrofa transferred into the indoor temporary rearing pond with 0.5-2ppm citric acid for 2-3h on the first day without feeding; to bathe with 0.1-0.3ppm glutaraldehyde benzalkonium bromide for 2-4h / day from the 2nd to the 4th day, for 3 consecutive days to maintain the drug concentration in the temporary rearing pond; to bathe with 8-12ppm oxytetracycline for 2-3h on the 5th day; to feed with a small amount of special domestication bait from the 6th day to observe the feeding situation; to perform insecticide and anthelmintic treatment after the feeding is normal: bathe with 80-120ppm formaldehyde for 2-3h, 1-2 times a week; to feed with praziquantel with bait, with a dosage of 18-22mg / kg fish body weight, once a week, for 3-4 weeks, during which the behavior is observed every day, and samples are taken regularly to observe whether there are parasites on the gills and body surface; and to transfer to the breeding pond for breeding after the quarantine period ends; The special domestication bait is composed of eel powder, squid slurry and sandworm slurry in a mass ratio of 4-6:2-4:1-3; During the indoor temporary storage and quarantine treatment stage, the water body should maintain dissolved oxygen ≥ 6.5 mg / L, aeration, and pH value of 7.8-8.5; The water temperature during the domestication process was 20-28°C; The natural light cycle was simulated during the acclimation process: 12 h of light with an intensity of 1000-2000 lux and 12 h of darkness.

[0007] The inventor team found that several core technical problems need to be solved in the artificial domestication of wild Choerodon schoenleinii: (1) The stress response is intense during the artificial domestication of wild Choerodon schoenleinii; (2) The low feeding rate is caused by the poor palatability of traditional feed. To solve these two core technical problems, the present invention controls environmental regulation means such as dissolved oxygen conditions, pH water temperature, and photoperiod during the domestication process, and adopts a three-stage medicated bath scheme of citric acid + benzalkonium bromide glutaraldehyde + oxytetracycline and praziquantel targeted deworming. That is, through environmental regulation and the use of animal health products, environmental stimuli are effectively reduced, the losses caused by stress and fighting are reduced, and at the same time, the physical injuries caused by the fishing and transportation processes can be effectively treated. In addition, considering that the food of the Labridae mainly includes small invertebrates such as snails, crabs, shrimps, etc., during the artificial domestication process, the present invention completes the bait conversion through special artificial feed and feed management technology. Thus, the artificial domestication of wild Choerodon schoenleinii is realized.

[0008] Further, when transporting live fish, select Choerodon schoenleinii individuals with relatively complete fin rays and scales, no injuries on the body surface, and normal swimming.

[0009] Further, the light is blue-white light in the wavelength band of 400 - 500 nm, which promotes feeding and stabilizes biological rhythms.

[0010] Further, during the indoor temporary rearing, quarantine treatment, and the breeding pond breeding stage, the water body is regularly disinfected with 0.5 - 2 ppm of copper sulfate.

[0011] Further, the capture is carried out using a small surrounding net or a fixed net made of a soft mesh bag with a pore size of 10 - 30 mm.

[0012] Further, before indoor temporary rearing, the seawater in the temporary rearing pond is precipitated and sand-filtered, disinfected with 0.3 g / ㎡ of strong chlorine disinfectant for more than 24 hours, and aerated for 4 hours after being neutralized with the same concentration of sodium thiosulfate.

[0013] Further, the water volume of the temporary rearing pond for indoor temporary rearing is 10 m³ - 30 m³, so as to ensure that Choerodon schoenleinii has a relatively sufficient activity space.

[0014] Further, the water temperature during the domestication process is 20 - 24 °C.

[0015] Further, for the indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment, the Choerodon schoenleinii transferred into the indoor temporary rearing pond is first immersed in 1 ppm citric acid for 4 hours on the first day without feeding; from the 2nd to the 4th day, it is immersed in 0.2 ppm glutaraldehyde benzalkonium bromide for 4 hours per day for 3 consecutive days to maintain the drug concentration in the temporary rearing pond; on the 5th day, it is medicated with 10 ppm oxytetracycline for 2 hours; on the 6th day, it starts to be fed a small amount of special domestication bait, and the feeding situation is observed; after normal feeding, insecticidal and anti-parasitic treatments are carried out: immersed in 100 ppm formaldehyde for 2 hours, 1 - 2 times a week; praziquantel is fed with the bait, and the dosage is 20 mg / Kg fish body weight, once a week.

[0016] Further, the special domestication bait is composed of eel powder, squid slurry and sandworm slurry with a mass ratio of 5:3:2.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for artificial domestication of Choerodon schoenleinii, including: fishing, cage temporary rearing, live water transportation, indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment, and breeding pond cultivation. By controlling environmental regulation means such as dissolved oxygen conditions, pH water temperature, and photoperiod during the domestication process, and adopting a three-stage medicated bath scheme of citric acid + glutaraldehyde benzalkonium bromide + oxytetracycline and praziquantel targeted anti-parasitic treatment, that is, by environmental regulation and the use of animal health products, environmental stimulation is effectively reduced, losses caused by stress and fighting are reduced, and physical injuries caused by the fishing and transportation processes can also be effectively treated. In addition, considering that the food of the Labridae mainly includes small invertebrates such as snails, crabs, shrimps, etc., during the artificial domestication process, the present invention has completed the bait conversion through special artificial feed and feed management technology. Thus, the artificial domestication of wild Choerodon schoenleinii is realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is the survival rate of Choerodon schoenleinii when the domestication water temperature is 17 - 19 °C. The abscissa is time (unit: day), and the ordinate is the survival rate (unit: %).

[0019] Figure 2 It is the survival rate of Choerodon schoenleinii when the domestication water temperature is 20 - 22 °C. The abscissa is time (unit: day), and the ordinate is the survival rate (unit: %). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] The following further illustrates the present invention in conjunction with the specification drawings and specific embodiments, but the embodiments do not limit the present invention in any form. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the technical field.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples are all commercially available.

[0022] Example 1 Artificial domestication method of Schwimmyrtus schwimm 1. Fishing and cage culture In suitable natural sea areas, set up small purse seine nets or fixed nets with a mesh size of 10 to 30 mm and temporarily raise the harvested green mullet in seawater cages near the fishing area.

[0023] 2. Transportation Select individuals with relatively complete fins and scales, no injuries on the body surface, and normal swimming. Live water boats should be used for marine transportation. Transport vessels and vehicles need aerators (or oxygen cylinders), air stones, soft scoop nets, water scoops, shade cloths, and water drainage and replacement equipment. The water temperature for transportation should be controlled at 20-24℃.

[0024] 3. Indoor domestication facilities A square cement holding pond (25m2) with supporting water, electricity and gas facilities should be provided. 2 , 1.5m high), the water body of the temporary holding pond is more than 10m³, the seawater used should be precipitated and sand filtered, disinfected with 0.3g / ㎡ strong chlorine (trichloroisocyanuric acid) for more than 24h, and aerated for 4h after neutralization with the same concentration of sodium thiosulfate. During the indoor temporary holding and quarantine treatment stage, the water body should maintain dissolved oxygen ≥6.5mg / L, keep aerated, and the pH value should be 7.8-8.5. Simulate the natural light cycle, with 12 hours of light (intensity 1000-2000 lux) and 12 hours of darkness; use blue-white light (400-500 nm band) to promote feeding and biological rhythm stability; avoid direct sunlight, and set up a shaded area for fish to hide (PVC pipes and other shelters).

[0025] 4. Quarantine treatment The tsingyi fish transferred to the indoor temporary holding pond are isolated in batches and quarantined in the temporary holding pond. The size is selected according to the number of sea catches, preferably 10m³~30m³. Sewage is sucked out once a day, and the water is kept at a micro-flow and a water temperature of 20~24℃. Keep the environment dark and quiet, and remove dead and dying fish in time.

[0026] On the first day, soak the fish in 1ppm citric acid for 3 hours without feeding.

[0027] From the 2nd to the 4th day, 0.2ppm glutaraldehyde benzalkonium bromide was used for immersion bathing for 3h / day for 3 consecutive days to maintain the drug concentration in the temporary holding pond.

[0028] On the 5th day, the plants were bathed in 10 ppm oxytetracycline for 2 hours.

[0029] Starting from the 6th day, feed the fish with a small amount of homemade special acclimatization bait (eel powder: squid (beaten into pulp): sandworms (beaten into pulp) in a mass ratio of 5:3:2, rubbed into particles of appropriate size (if too dry, add appropriate amount of clean water to assist)), observe the feeding situation, and adjust the feeding amount according to the facility conditions.

[0030] After the feeding is normal, carry out insecticidal and anthelmintic treatments. For the insecticidal bath, the scheme is 100 ppm formaldehyde bath for 2 hours, once or twice a week. Praziquantel is fed with bait, and the dosage is 20 mg / Kg of fish body weight, once a week.

[0031] The quarantine period is 3 - 4 weeks. During the quarantine period, behavioral observations are carried out daily, and samples are taken regularly to observe whether there are parasites on the gills and body surface. After the quarantine period ends, transfer to the culture pond for cultivation. The 4 - week survival rate of Choerodon schoenleinii is about 80%.

[0032] Example 2 Artificial domestication method of Choerodon schoenleinii It is basically the same as Example 1, including: fishing, temporary culture in net cages, live water transportation, indoor temporary culture and quarantine treatment, and culture in culture ponds. The differences are as follows: During indoor temporary culture and quarantine treatment: On the first day, soak in 0.5 ppm citric acid for 3 hours without feeding.

[0033] From the 2nd to the 4th day, start using 0.1 ppm glutaraldehyde benzalkonium bromide for immersion bath for 4 hours per day for 3 consecutive days to maintain the drug concentration in the temporary culture pond.

[0034] On the 5th day, carry out a 2 - hour bath with 12 ppm oxytetracycline.

[0035] On the 6th day, start feeding a small amount with a self - made special domestication bait (eel powder: squid (ground into pulp): sandworm (ground into pulp), mass ratio = 4:2:3, rolled into granules of appropriate size for feeding (add an appropriate amount of clear water for assistance if it is too dry)), observe the feeding situation, and adjust the feeding amount according to the facility conditions.

[0036] After the feeding is normal, carry out insecticidal and anthelmintic treatments. For the insecticidal bath, the scheme is 120 ppm formaldehyde bath for 2 hours, once or twice a week. Praziquantel is fed with bait, and the dosage is 18 mg / Kg of fish body weight, once a week.

[0037] The quarantine period is 3 - 4 weeks. During the quarantine period, behavioral observations are carried out daily, and samples are taken regularly to observe whether there are parasites on the gills and body surface. After the quarantine period ends, transfer to the culture pond for cultivation. The 4 - week survival rate of Choerodon schoenleinii is about 75%.

[0038] Example 3 Artificial domestication method of Choerodon schoenleinii It is basically the same as Example 1, including: fishing, temporary culture in net cages, live water transportation, indoor temporary culture and quarantine treatment, and culture in culture ponds. The differences are as follows: During indoor temporary culture and quarantine treatment: On the first day, soak in 2 ppm citric acid for 2 hours without feeding.

[0039] From the 2nd to the 4th day, start using 0.3 ppm glutaraldehyde benzalkonium bromide for immersion bath for 2 hours per day for 3 consecutive days to maintain the drug concentration in the temporary culture pond.

[0040] On the 5th day, carry out a 3 - hour bath with 8 ppm oxytetracycline.

[0041] Starting from the 6th day, use self-made special domesticated bait (eel powder: squid (made into a pulp): sandworm (made into a pulp), mass ratio = 6:4:1, kneaded into granules of appropriate size for feeding (if it is too dry, add an appropriate amount of water for assistance)), and feed a small amount. Observe the feeding situation and adjust the feeding amount according to the facilities.

[0042] After the feeding is normal, carry out insecticidal and deworming treatments. The insecticidal bath plan is to bath with 80 ppm formaldehyde for 3 h, 1 - 2 times a week. Praziquantel is fed with the bait, and the dose is 22 mg / Kg of fish body weight, once a week.

[0043] The quarantine period is 3 - 4 weeks. During the quarantine period, behavioral observations are carried out daily, and samples are taken regularly to observe whether there are parasites on the gills and body surface. After the quarantine period ends, transfer to the culture pond for cultivation. The 4 - week survival rate of Choerodon schoenleinii is about 78%.

[0044] Comparative Example 1 An artificial domestication method for Choerodon schoenleinii is basically the same as that in Example 1, including: fishing, cage temporary cultivation, live water transportation, indoor temporary cultivation and quarantine treatment, and cultivation in the culture pond. The only difference is that the domestication water temperature is 17 - 19 °C or 20 - 22 °C. The results of the 4 - week survival rate of Choerodon schoenleinii are as Figures 1-2 shown, indicating that different temperatures have a significant impact on the survival rate. When the domestication water temperature is 20 - 22 °C, the survival rate of Choerodon schoenleinii (about 80%) is significantly higher than that when the domestication water temperature is 17 - 19 °C (about 45%).

[0045] Comparative Example 2 An artificial domestication method for Choerodon schoenleinii is basically the same as that in Example 1, including: fishing, cage temporary cultivation, live water transportation, indoor temporary cultivation and quarantine treatment, and cultivation in the culture pond. The only difference is that commercial compound feeds (Ruby grower feed C7, Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; or grouper compound feed C6, Guangdong Yuequn Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) and self-made special domesticated feed (eel powder: squid (made into a pulp): sandworm (made into a pulp) = 5:3:2, kneaded into granules of appropriate size for feeding (if it is too dry, add an appropriate amount of water for assistance)) are fed respectively. The results show that Choerodon schoenleinii does not like commercial compound feeds, there is basically no food - robbing phenomenon, the overall food intake is low, and it cannot be used for domestication; while the acceptance degree of the special domesticated bait of the present invention is relatively high. After feeding, it can be seen that the fish group concentrates on feeding, and the food intake accounts for about 1 - 1.5% of the fish body weight.

[0046] Comparative Example 3 An artificial domestication method for Choerodon schoenleinii is basically the same as that in Example 1, including: fishing, net cage temporary rearing, live water transportation, indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment, and pond culture. The only difference is that during indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment: instead of adopting a three-stage medicated bath plan of citric acid + benzalkonium bromide glutaraldehyde + oxytetracycline, only citric acid or benzalkonium bromide glutaraldehyde or oxytetracycline is used for medicated bath throughout the process; the results show that the 4-week survival rate of Choerodon schoenleinii is relatively low, less than 20%.

[0047] Comparative Example 4 An artificial domestication method for Choerodon schoenleinii is basically the same as that in Example 1, including: fishing, net cage temporary rearing, live water transportation, indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment, and pond culture. The only difference is that during the indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment stage, dissolved oxygen control is not carried out, the pH is not regulated, and the natural state is maintained. The results show that with the increase of domestication time, the dissolved oxygen is insufficient and the pH becomes lower, resulting in a relatively low 4-week survival rate of Choerodon schoenleinii, less than 20%.

[0048] Comparative Example 5 An artificial domestication method for Choerodon schoenleinii is basically the same as that in Example 1, including: fishing, net cage temporary rearing, live water transportation, indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment, and pond culture. The only difference is that the natural light cycle is not simulated and indoor shading domestication is carried out. The results show that with the increase of domestication time, the 4-week survival rate of Choerodon schoenleinii is relatively low, less than 40%.

Claims

1. A method for artificially domesticating Schwimmel's tuskfish, characterized in that: include: Fishing, cage culture, live water transportation, indoor culture and quarantine treatment, culture in aquaculture ponds; The indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment is to bathe the Schulichthys scrofa transferred into the indoor temporary rearing pond with 0.5-2ppm citric acid for 2-3h on the first day without feeding; to bathe with 0.1-0.3ppm glutaraldehyde benzalkonium bromide for 2-4h / day from the 2nd to the 4th day, for 3 consecutive days to maintain the drug concentration in the temporary rearing pond; to bathe with 8-12ppm oxytetracycline for 2-3h on the 5th day; to feed with a small amount of special domestication bait from the 6th day to observe the feeding situation; to perform insecticide and anthelmintic treatment after the feeding is normal: bathe with 80-120ppm formaldehyde for 2-3h, 1-2 times a week; to feed with praziquantel with bait, with a dosage of 18-22mg / kg fish body weight, once a week, for 3-4 weeks, during which the behavior is observed every day, and samples are taken regularly to observe whether there are parasites on the gills and body surface; and to transfer to the breeding pond for breeding after the quarantine period ends; The special domestication bait is composed of eel powder, squid slurry and sandworm slurry in a mass ratio of 4-6:2-4:1-3; During the indoor temporary storage and quarantine treatment stage, the water body should maintain dissolved oxygen ≥ 6.5 mg / L, aeration, and pH value of 7.8-8.5; The water temperature during the domestication process was 20-28°C; The natural light cycle was simulated during the acclimation process: 12 h of light with an intensity of 1000-2000 lux and 12 h of darkness.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the live water transportation, the individuals of Schwimmel's tuskfish with relatively intact fins and scales, no injuries on the body surface and normal swimming movements are selected.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The illumination is blue-white light in the 400-500nm wavelength band.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During indoor temporary breeding and quarantine treatment, and breeding pond breeding stages, 0.5-2ppm copper sulfate is used to regularly disinfect the water.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capture is carried out by using a small seine net or a fixed net with a soft mesh bag having an aperture of 10 to 30 mm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before temporary rearing indoors, the seawater in the holding pool is precipitated and sand filtered, disinfected with 0.3g / ㎡ strong chlorine for more than 24 hours, neutralized with the same concentration of sodium thiosulfate, and aerated for 4 hours.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water volume of the indoor temporary holding pond is 10m³~30m³.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water temperature during the domestication process is 20-24℃.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The indoor temporary rearing and quarantine treatment is to soak the Schulichthys choanoate transferred into the indoor temporary rearing pond in 1ppm citric acid for 4 hours on the first day without feeding; from the 2nd to the 4th day, soak it in 0.2ppm glutaraldehyde benzalkonium bromide for 4 hours / day, and use it for 3 consecutive days to maintain the drug concentration in the temporary rearing pond; on the 5th day, soak it in 10ppm oxytetracycline for 2 hours; from the 6th day, feed it in small amounts with special acclimation bait and observe the feeding situation; after the feeding is normal, carry out insecticide and anthelmintic treatment: soak it in 100ppm formaldehyde for 2 hours, 1 to 2 times a week; feed praziquantel with bait, the dosage is 20 mg / Kg fish body weight, once a week.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special domestication bait consists of eel powder, squid slurry and sandworm slurry in a mass ratio of 5:3:2.

Images