Hard plastic foam resistant to atomic oxygen erosion
By introducing cage polysilsesquioxane (POSS) as a modifier into the rigid plastic foam material, an anti-atomic oxygen-eroded foam material can maintain performance in an atomic oxygen environment was prepared, which solved the problem of spacecraft materials being eroded by atomic oxygen in low Earth orbit, and achieved both corrosion resistance and high performance of the material.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311825743.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-27
AI Technical Summary
Due to the erosion of atomic oxygen in low-Earth orbit, the spacecraft has lost material mass, degraded performance and shortened service life. Existing foam materials do not have the effect of resisting atomic oxygen.
A rigid plastic foam material containing cage polysilsesquioxane (POSS) as a modifier is prepared by polymerization foaming process to form a foam material with high Si-O bonds and bond energy, enhancing its anti-atomic oxygen erosion ability.
This material is not easily destroyed in an atomic oxygen environment, has self-healing ability, significantly improving its resistance to atomic oxygen, while maintaining high intensity and high temperature performance.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the technical field of material preparation, and particularly to a rigid plastic foam material with an anti-atomic oxygen erosion effect, its preparation method and application. Background Art
[0002] In recent years, with the progress of technology and the increase in people's understanding, the aerospace field also needs to develop towards high-precision, high-integration, and high-power directions to match the growing demands. This requires spacecraft, especially space stations and satellites that are in space for a long time, to have better quality and longer service life. However, vehicles operating in low Earth orbit are severely damaged by atomic oxygen (AO) in the environment. It can erode the polymer materials on the surface of spacecraft, resulting in polymer mass loss, performance degradation, and even failure, seriously affecting the reliability and durability of space stations and hindering the development of the aerospace industry.
[0003] After oxygen molecules are irradiated by solar ultraviolet rays, they undergo photodissociation to generate AO. Since the operating speed of spacecraft in orbit is relatively high, if they collide with AO, their relative kinetic energy can be as high as 4 - 5 eV; AO also has extremely strong oxidizing and reactive activities and is extremely likely to interact with materials, thus eroding aircraft. When AO erodes into the interior of the aircraft, it will trigger the "scouring" phenomenon, and further erode the internal structure of the aircraft, causing phenomena such as cracks, embrittlement, mass loss, and deformation in the internal materials.
[0004] Ordinary foam materials do not have the function of resisting atomic oxygen. When the external materials of the aircraft are eroded, the internal foam structure is extremely likely to be corroded, reducing the mechanical and thermal properties of the foam material, thereby reducing the service life of the spacecraft. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a rigid plastic foam material with an anti-atomic oxygen erosion effect and its preparation method, which can maintain the mechanical properties such as high strength and high temperature resistance of the foam material while also having good anti-atomic oxygen erosion function, and can be applied to the field of aerospace materials.
[0006] Specifically, this application relates to a preparation method of a rigid plastic foam material with anti-atomic oxygen erosion, which includes preparing a material mixture by mixing a polymer, an initiator, a modifier, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, and a nucleating agent according to a certain mass ratio, then carrying out a polymerization reaction, and then heating and foaming to obtain the rigid plastic foam material with anti-atomic oxygen erosion. Among them, the polymer is a mixture containing acrylic compounds, acrylonitrile compounds, and copolymerization reactants, and the modifier includes cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.
[0007] Further, in the preparation method, the mass ratio of the polymer, initiator, modifier, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, and nucleating agent is 20-70:1-5:1-20:1-10:1-5:1-5.
[0008] Further preferably, the mass ratio of the polymer to the modifier is 10:1-4:1.
[0009] Further, the mass ratio of the acrylic compound, acrylonitrile compound, and copolymer in the polymer is 30-50:20-30:1-15. The acrylic compound is acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, the acrylonitrile compound is acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile, and the copolymer is one or more of acrylate compounds, amide compounds, anhydride compounds, or styrene.
[0010] Further, the modifier in the preparation method is obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of a silane coupling agent, an organic solvent, and deionized water in an acidic environment.
[0011] Further, the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, organic solvent, and deionized water is 0.1-10:30-70:10-30.
[0012] Further, the silane coupling agent is selected from one or more of KH-540, KH-550, KH-792, KH-230, SI-151, SI-171, USI-801, MTMS, phenyltrichlorosilane, or G-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
[0013] Further, the organic solvent is selected from one or more of chloroform, acetone, methanol, or ethanol.
[0014] Further, in the preparation method, the initiator is selected from one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile, dimethyl azobisisobutyrate, lauroyl peroxide, or dicumyl peroxide. The crosslinking agent is selected from polyol-based, metal oxide-based, or metal salt-based crosslinking agents. The foaming agent is selected from one or more of isopropanol, tert-butanol, tert-pentanol, urea, methylurea, dimethylurea, isobutanol, n-butanol, or hexanol. The nucleating agent is selected from one or more of carbamide, formamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, or titanium dioxide.
[0015] This application also relates to a rigid plastic foam material resistant to atomic oxygen erosion, which includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-70 parts of polymer, 1-5 parts of initiator, 1-20 parts of modifier, 1-10 parts of foaming agent, 1-5 parts of crosslinking agent, and 1-5 parts of nucleating agent.
[0016] Further preferably, the mass ratio of the polymer to the modifier is 10:1 - 4:1.
[0017] Furthermore, the polymer is a mixture composed of acrylic compounds, acrylonitrile compounds and copolymerization reactants, and the modifier includes cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.
[0018] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the acrylic compounds, acrylonitrile compounds and copolymerization reactants in the polymer is 30 - 50:20 - 30:1 - 15.
[0019] Furthermore, the acrylic compound is acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, the acrylonitrile compound is acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile, and the copolymerization reactant is one or more of acrylate compounds, amide compounds, anhydride compounds or styrene.
[0020] Furthermore, in the rigid plastic foam material, the modifier is obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of a silane coupling agent, an organic solvent and deionized water in an acidic environment.
[0021] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, the organic solvent and the deionized water is 0.1 - 10:30 - 70:10 - 30.
[0022] Furthermore, the rigid plastic foam material is prepared by the preparation method described in this application.
[0023] This application also relates to the application of the rigid plastic foam material resistant to atomic oxygen erosion in aerospace and materials resistant to atomic oxygen erosion.
[0024] Effects of the Invention
[0025] The rigid plastic foam material with atomic oxygen erosion resistance provided by this application uses cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) as a modifier, and is polymerized and foamed with rigid plastic raw materials. The foam material obtained contains a large number of Si - O bonds and has a high bond energy, is not easily damaged in an atomic oxygen environment, and has a "self-healing" ability, so that AO cannot perform deep etching, thus greatly improving the AO resistance of the material.
[0026] At the same time, the material modified by POSS can form intermolecular or hydrogen bond forces between polymers, hinder the movement of chain segments in polymer molecules, and enhance the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the material. Description of the Drawings
[0027] Figure 1 SEM image of the cross-section of the material after the AO erosion experiment Detailed Embodiments
[0028] The following further describes the present application in detail in conjunction with specific embodiments. The provided embodiments are for the purpose of enabling a more thorough understanding of the present application and being able to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.
[0029] It should be noted that in the specification and claims, certain terms are used to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art should understand that technicians may use different nouns to refer to the same component. The specification and claims do not use the difference in nouns as a way to distinguish components, but rather use the difference in the functions of components as the criterion for distinction. For example, the terms "comprising" or "including" mentioned throughout the specification and claims are open-ended terms, so they should be interpreted as "including but not limited to". The subsequent description in the specification is the preferred embodiment for implementing the present application. However, the description is for the purpose of the general principles of the specification and is not used to limit the scope of the present application. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to what is defined by the appended claims.
[0030] The present application provides a preparation method of a hard plastic foam material resistant to atomic oxygen erosion, including preparing a material mixture by mixing a polymer, an initiator, a modifier, a foaming agent, a cross-linking agent, and a nucleating agent according to a certain mass ratio, and then carrying out a polymerization reaction and heating and foaming to obtain the hard plastic foam material resistant to atomic oxygen erosion. Among them, the polymer is a mixture containing acrylic compounds, acrylonitrile compounds, and copolymerization reactants, and the modifier includes cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.
[0031] In a specific embodiment, the acrylic compound in the polymer is acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, and the acrylonitrile compound is acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile.
[0032] In a specific embodiment, the copolymerization reactant is a monomer component that can copolymerize with the acrylic compound and the acrylonitrile compound.
[0033] In a specific embodiment, the copolymerization reactant is one or more of acrylic ester compounds, amide compounds, anhydride compounds, or styrene.
[0034] In a specific embodiment, the acrylic ester compound is selected from methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate, etc., the amide compound is selected from methacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide, etc., and the anhydride compound is selected from maleic anhydride or phthalic anhydride, etc.
[0035] In the present application, the polymer may contain the raw material components of conventional hard foam plastics, such as the raw materials for preparing PMI, PET, PMMA and other materials.
[0036] In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the acrylic compound, acrylonitrile compound, and comonomer in the polymer is 30 - 50:20 - 30:1 - 15. For example, it can be 40 - 50:25 - 30:5 - 10, or 35 - 40:25 - 30:5 - 10, or 40 - 45:20 - 25:5 - 10, or 30 - 40:20 - 25:5 - 10.
[0037] In an alternative embodiment, the mass ratio of the acrylic compound, acrylonitrile compound, and comonomer is 30:25:5. In another alternative embodiment, the mass ratio of the acrylic compound, acrylonitrile compound, and comonomer is 40:20:10.
[0038] In a specific embodiment, in the preparation method, the mass ratio of the polymer, initiator, modifier, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, and nucleating agent is 20 - 70:1 - 5:1 - 20:1 - 10:1 - 5:1 - 5. For example, it can be 40 - 60:1 - 5:5 - 15:1 - 10:1 - 5:1 - 5, or 50 - 70:1 - 5:10 - 20:1 - 10:1 - 5:1 - 5, or 30 - 50:1 - 5:1 - 10:1 - 5:1 - 5:1 - 5.
[0039] In some specific embodiments, the mass ratio of the polymer to the modifier is 10:1 - 4:1, for example, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1. In some preferred embodiments, the mass ratio of the polymer to the modifier is 7:1 - 5:1
[0040] In an embodiment of the present application, the modifier in the preparation method is obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of a silane coupling agent, an organic solvent, and deionized water in an acidic environment.
[0041] In a specific embodiment, the silane coupling agent is selected from one or more of KH - 540, KH - 550, KH - 792, KH - 230, SI - 151, SI - 171, USI - 801, MTMS, phenyltrichlorosilane, or γ - aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
[0042] In a specific embodiment, the organic solvent is selected from one or more of chloroform, acetone, methanol, or ethanol.
[0043] In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, organic solvent, and deionized water is 0.1 - 10:30 - 70:10 - 30. For example, it can be 1 - 10:35 - 55:10 - 15, or 0.5 - 5:40 - 50:10 - 20, or 5 - 10:35 - 55:10 - 20.
[0044] In an embodiment of the present application, the crosslinking agent in the preparation method is selected from polyol-based, metal oxide-based or metal salt-based crosslinking agents.
[0045] In a specific embodiment, the initiator described in the present application is selected from one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile, dimethyl azobisisobutyrate, lauroyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.
[0046] In a specific embodiment, the crosslinking agent described in the present application is selected from polyol-based, metal oxide-based or metal salt-based crosslinking agents.
[0047] In some specific embodiments, the polyol-based crosslinking agent may be selected from PEG1000, PEG2000, PPG1000 or PPG2000, the metal oxide-based crosslinking agent may be selected from calcium oxide, magnesium oxide or zinc oxide, and the metal salt-based crosslinking agent may be selected from metal salts of methacrylic acid or metal salts of acrylic acid.
[0048] In a specific embodiment, the foaming agent described in the present application is selected from one or more of isopropanol, tert-butanol, tert-amyl alcohol, urea, methylurea, dimethylurea, isobutanol, n-butanol or hexanol.
[0049] In a specific embodiment, the nucleating agent described in the present application is selected from one or more of carbamide, formamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, titanium dioxide.
[0050] The present application also provides a rigid plastic foam material resistant to atomic oxygen erosion, wherein the rigid plastic foam material resistant to atomic oxygen erosion comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-70 parts of polymer, 1-5 parts of initiator, 1-20 parts of modifier, 1-10 parts of foaming agent, 1-5 parts of crosslinking agent, 1-5 parts of nucleating agent.
[0051] In some specific embodiments, the mass ratio of the polymer to the modifier in the raw materials is 10:1 - 4:1.
[0052] In a specific embodiment, the polymer is a mixture comprising acrylic acid compounds, acrylonitrile compounds and copolymerization reactants, and the modifier includes cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.
[0053] In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the acrylic acid compounds, acrylonitrile compounds and copolymerization reactants in the polymer is 30-50:20-30:1-15.
[0054] In a specific embodiment, the acrylic compound is acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, the acrylonitrile compound is acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile, and the copolymerization reactant is a monomer component capable of copolymerizing with the acrylic compound and the acrylonitrile compound.
[0055] In a specific embodiment, the copolymerization reactant is one or more of acrylate compounds, amide compounds, anhydride compounds or styrene.
[0056] In a specific embodiment, in the rigid plastic foam material, the modifier is obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of a silane coupling agent, an organic solvent and deionized water in an acidic environment.
[0057] In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, the organic solvent and the deionized water is 0.1 - 10:30 - 70:10 - 30.
[0058] In a specific embodiment, the rigid plastic foam material is prepared by the preparation method provided in this application.
[0059] This application also provides the application of the rigid plastic foam material resistant to atomic oxygen erosion in aerospace and materials resistant to atomic oxygen erosion.
[0060] The preparation method of the rigid plastic foam material resistant to atomic oxygen erosion provided by this application uses cage-type polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) as a modifier to carry out polymerization foaming with the raw materials of rigid plastics. The modified foam material prepared by this method can greatly improve the AO resistance ability, enhance the mechanical properties and thermal stability. This foam material with both excellent mechanical properties of rigid foam and good atomic oxygen resistance can be applied to the aerospace field to improve the service life of spacecraft and has good application prospects.
[0061] Examples
[0062] This application generally and / or specifically describes the materials and test methods used in the experiments. In the following examples, unless otherwise specifically stated, the raw materials and instruments are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained commercially or conventional experimental instruments.
[0063] Example 1 Preparation of Rigid Plastic Foam Material Resistant to Atomic Oxygen
[0064] (1) Preparation of modifier: Add KH-540, acetone and deionized water to a three-necked flask according to the mass ratio in Table 1, then add concentrated hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3 - 5, and react at 40 °C for 24 h. A white solid is precipitated and washed with acetone to obtain the modifier.
[0065] (2) Preparation of the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material: Add the polymer raw material, initiator, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, nucleating agent, and the modifier POSS prepared in step (1) according to the mass parts in Table 1 into a reaction kettle, and mechanically stir to obtain a material mixture. Inject the material mixture into a mold, carry out a water bath polymerization reaction in a 45°C water tank for 240 h, place it in a 130°C oven for heat treatment for 50 h, and heat and foam in a 210°C oven for 2 h to obtain the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material.
[0066] Example 2 Preparation of the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material
[0067] (1) Preparation of the modifier: Add KH-540, acetone, and deionized water into a three-necked flask according to the mass ratio in Table 1, then add concentrated hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3 - 5, and react at 40°C for 24 h. White solid precipitates, and after washing with acetone, the modifier is obtained.
[0068] (2) Preparation of the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material: Add the polymer raw material, initiator, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, nucleating agent, and the modifier POSS prepared in step (1) according to the mass parts in Table 1 into a reaction kettle, and mechanically stir to obtain a material mixture. Inject the material mixture into a mold, carry out a water bath polymerization reaction in a 45°C water tank for 240 h, place it in a 130°C oven for heat treatment for 50 h, and heat and foam in a 210°C oven for 2 h to obtain the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material.
[0069] Example 3 Preparation of the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material
[0070] (1) Preparation of the modifier: Add KH-540, acetone, and deionized water into a three-necked flask according to the mass ratio in Table 1, then add concentrated hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3 - 5, and react at 40°C for 24 h. White solid precipitates, and after washing with acetone, the modifier is obtained.
[0071] (2) Preparation of the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material: Add the polymer raw material, initiator, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, nucleating agent, and the modifier POSS prepared in step (1) according to the mass parts in Table 1 into a reaction kettle, and mechanically stir to obtain a material mixture. Inject the material mixture into a mold, carry out a water bath polymerization reaction in a 45°C water tank for 240 h, place it in a 130°C oven for heat treatment for 50 h, and heat and foam in a 210°C oven for 2 h to obtain the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material.
[0072] Example 4 Preparation of the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material
[0073] (1) Preparation of modifier: KH-540, acetone, and deionized water were added to a three-necked flask according to the mass ratio in Table 1, and then concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pH value to 3-5. The reaction was carried out at 40 °C for 24 h. A white solid was precipitated and washed with acetone to obtain the modifier.
[0074] (2) Preparation of anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material: The polymer raw material, initiator, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, nucleating agent, and the modifier POSS prepared in step (1) were added to a reaction kettle according to the mass parts in Table 1, and mechanically stirred to obtain a material mixture. The material mixture was injected into a mold, and a water bath polymerization reaction was carried out in a 45 °C water tank for 240 h, then placed in a 130 °C oven for heat treatment for 50 h, and heated and foamed in a 210 °C oven for 2 h to obtain the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material.
[0075] Preparation of anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material in Example 5
[0076] (1) Preparation of modifier: Phenyltrichlorosilane, acetone, and deionized water were added to a three-necked flask according to the mass ratio in Table 1, and then concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pH value to 3-5. The reaction was carried out at 40 °C for 24 h. A white solid was precipitated and washed with acetone to obtain the modifier.
[0077] (2) Preparation of anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material: The polymer raw material, initiator, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, nucleating agent, and the modifier POSS prepared in step (1) were added to a reaction kettle according to the mass parts in Table 1, and mechanically stirred to obtain a material mixture. The material mixture was injected into a mold, and a water bath polymerization reaction was carried out in a 45 °C water tank for 240 h, then placed in a 130 °C oven for heat treatment for 50 h, and heated and foamed in a 210 °C oven for 2 h to obtain the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material.
[0078] Preparation of anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material in Example 6
[0079] (1) Preparation of modifier: KH-540, acetone, and deionized water were added to a three-necked flask according to the mass ratio in Table 1, and then concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pH value to 3-5. The reaction was carried out at 40 °C for 24 h. A white solid was precipitated and washed with acetone to obtain the modifier.
[0080] (2) Preparation of anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material: Add the polymer raw material, initiator, foaming agent, cross-linking agent, nucleating agent and the modifier POSS prepared in step (1) according to the mass parts in Table 1 into the reaction kettle, mechanically stir to obtain a material mixture, inject the material mixture into the mold, carry out a water bath polymerization reaction in a 45 °C water tank for 240 h, put it into a 130 °C oven for heat treatment for 50 h, and heat and foam in a 210 °C oven for 2 h to obtain the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material.
[0081] Example 7 Preparation of anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material
[0082] (1) Preparation of modifier: Add KH-540, acetone, and deionized water into a three-necked flask according to the mass ratio in Table 1, then add concentrated hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value to 3-5, and react at 40 °C for 24 h. White solid precipitates, and after washing with acetone, the modifier is obtained.
[0083] (2) Preparation of anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material: Add the polymer raw material, initiator, foaming agent, cross-linking agent, nucleating agent and the modifier POSS prepared in step (1) according to the mass parts in Table 1 into the reaction kettle, mechanically stir to obtain a material mixture, inject the material mixture into the mold, carry out a water bath polymerization reaction in a 45 °C water tank for 240 h, put it into a 130 °C oven for heat treatment for 50 h, and heat and foam in a 210 °C oven for 2 h to obtain the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material.
[0084] Preparation of rigid plastic foam material for comparative example
[0085] Add the polymer raw material, initiator, foaming agent, cross-linking agent, nucleating agent according to the mass parts in Table 1 into the reaction kettle, mechanically stir to obtain a material mixture, inject the material mixture into the mold, carry out a water bath polymerization reaction in a 45 °C water tank for 240 h, put it into a 130 °C oven for heat treatment for 50 h, and heat and foam in a 210 °C oven for 2 h to obtain the anti-atomic oxygen rigid plastic foam material.
[0086] Table 1 Raw material composition and mass parts of each example
[0087]
[0088]
[0089] Experimental example Material property determination
[0090] Perform mechanical and anti-atomic oxygen property tests on the rigid plastic foam materials obtained in the above examples and comparative examples, and the results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 1 as follows.
[0091] Among them, the apparent density is determined in accordance with "GB / T 6343-2009 Determination of Apparent Density of Cellular Plastics and Rubbers"; the tensile strength is determined in accordance with "ASTM-D638-2010 Tensile Testing of Plastics"; the compressive strength is determined in accordance with "GB / T8813-2008 Determination of Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular Plastics"; the heat distortion temperature is determined in accordance with "DIN 53424-1978 High Temperature Dimensional Stability under Flexural and Compressive Stress".
[0092] Atomic oxygen resistance performance detection method: It is determined by a filament discharge electromagnetic field confinement type atomic oxygen effect ground simulation device. This device releases electrons through a hot cathode filament. After the electrons are accelerated by the electric field, they collide with oxygen molecules to generate oxygen plasma, which includes a large amount of atomic oxygen. The main performance parameters during the test are as follows: the vacuum pressure in the irradiation chamber is about 0.15 Pa; the discharge voltage is 120 V; the discharge current is 140 mA.
[0093] Determination or calculation method of atomic oxygen erosion rate:
[0094] Among them, E is the atomic oxygen erosion rate of the material, Ms and Mf respectively represent the mass before and after the action of atomic oxygen, A is the area of the sample acting with atomic oxygen, ρ is the density of the sample, and F is the cumulative flux of the material acting with atomic oxygen.
[0095] Table 2 Test Results of Material Mechanical Properties
[0096]
[0097] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of SEM scanning of the cross-section of the foam materials of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 after the atomic oxygen resistance performance test. It can be seen from the figure that after the ordinary PMI foam material (a) is eroded by AO, the surface shows uneven deformation, cracks are generated, embrittlement and mass loss occur, while after the foam of Example 1 (b) is eroded by AO, a dense protective film is formed on the surface, preventing AO from further corroding into the interior of the foam.
[0098] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and it is not a limitation of the present application in other forms. Any person skilled in the art may use the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present application without departing from the technical solution content of the present application still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.
Claims
1. A preparation method of a hard plastic foam material resistant to atomic oxygen erosion, which includes preparing a material mixture by mixing a polymer, an initiator, a modifier, a foaming agent, a crosslinking agent, and a nucleating agent according to a certain mass ratio, then carrying out a polymerization reaction, and then heating and foaming to obtain the hard plastic foam material resistant to atomic oxygen erosion, wherein, The polymer is a mixture comprising acrylic compounds, acrylonitrile compounds and copolymerization reactants, and the modifier includes cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein The mass ratio of the polymer, initiator, modifier, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, and nucleating agent is 20-70:1-5:1-20:1-10:1-5:1-5. Preferably, the mass ratio of the polymer to the modifier is 10:1-4:
1.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, The mass ratio of acrylic compounds, acrylonitrile compounds and copolymerization reactants in the polymer is 30-50:20-30:1-15. The acrylic compounds are acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, the acrylonitrile compounds are acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile, and the copolymerization reactants are one or more of acrylate compounds, amide compounds, anhydride compounds or styrene.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, The modifier is obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of a silane coupling agent, an organic solvent and deionized water in an acidic environment.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein, The mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, organic solvent and deionized water is 0.1-10:30-70:10-30.
6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein, The silane coupling agent is selected from one or more of KH-540, KH-550, KH-792, KH-230, SI-151, SI-171, USI-801, MTMS, phenyltrichlorosilane or G-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
7. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein The organic solvent is selected from one or more of chloroform, acetone, methanol or ethanol.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, The initiator is selected from one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptonitrile, dimethyl azobisisobutyrate, lauroyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide. The crosslinking agent is selected from polyol-based, metal oxide-based or metal salt-based crosslinking agents. The foaming agent is selected from one or more of isopropanol, tert-butanol, tert-pentanol, urea, methylurea, dimethylurea, isobutanol, n-butanol or hexanol. The nucleating agent is selected from one or more of carbamide, formamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, titanium dioxide.
9. A rigid plastic foam material resistant to atomic oxygen erosion, wherein, It includes the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-70 parts of polymer, 1-5 parts of initiator, 1-20 parts of modifier, 1-10 parts of foaming agent, 1-5 parts of crosslinking agent, 1-5 parts of nucleating agent. Preferably, the mass ratio of the polymer to the modifier is 10:1-4:1; The polymer is a mixture comprising acrylic compounds, acrylonitrile compounds and copolymerization reactants, and the modifier includes cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.
10. The rigid plastic foam material according to claim 9, wherein, The mass ratio of acrylic compounds, acrylonitrile compounds and copolymerization reactants in the polymer is 30-50:20-30:1-15. The acrylic compounds are acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, the acrylonitrile compounds are acrylonitrile and / or methacrylonitrile, and the copolymerization reactants are one or more of acrylate compounds, amide compounds, anhydride compounds or styrene.
11. The rigid plastic foam material according to claim 9, wherein, The modifier is obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of a silane coupling agent, an organic solvent and deionized water in an acidic environment.
12. The preparation method according to claim 11, wherein, The mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, organic solvent and deionized water is 0.1-10:30-70:10-30.
13. The rigid plastic foam material according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the rigid plastic foam material is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
14. Application of the rigid plastic foam material according to any one of claims 9 to 13 in aerospace and materials resistant to atomic oxygen erosion.