Cantilever type heading machine and small-section tunnel construction method

Abstract

The invention provides a cantilever type heading machine and a small-section tunnel construction method.The cantilever type heading machine comprises a machine body, a cutting mechanism and a conveying part, the cutting mechanism comprises an adjusting head, a cantilever and a drill bit, one end of the machine body is connected with the adjusting head, the adjusting head is connected with the cantilever, the cantilever is connected with the drill bit, and the drill bit is movably connected with a plurality of cutting teeth; the dust collection mechanism comprises an air collection barrel and an air suction assembly, the cantilever is sleeved with the air collection barrel, the air collection barrel is connected with the air suction assembly, a transfer trolley is arranged at one end of the machine body, a slag outlet is formed in the bottom of the transfer trolley, the side, away from the machine body, of the slag outlet is rotationally connected with a bottom plate, the end, facing the machine body, of the bottom plate is connected with a pull rope, and a slag inlet is formed in the top of the transfer trolley. The cantilever is sleeved with the air collecting barrel, so that the air collecting barrel is always kept close to an excavation point, and dust collection is efficient and stable; the transfer trolley can load muck, and the position of the bottom plate can be adjusted by adjusting the pull rope so that the muck can be discharged or the position of the muck can be changed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of roadheaders, and particularly relates to a boom roadheader and a construction method for small-section tunnels. Background Art

[0002] A boom roadheader is a combined unit that can perform cutting, loading and transportation, self-propelling, and spray dust removal. It mainly consists of six major parts: a cutting unit, a loading unit, a transportation unit, a main body unit, a traveling unit, and a rear stabilizing unit, as well as four major systems: a hydraulic system, a water system, a lubrication system, and an electrical system. The advantage of a boom roadheader is that it can reduce the repeated disturbance to the surrounding rock during excavation, which is beneficial to protecting the natural bearing capacity of the surrounding rock.

[0003] Currently, during the construction process of a boom roadheader, a large amount of dust is generated at the heading face, seriously affecting the operation of construction workers. Moreover, the muck discharged by the boom roadheader falls on the bottom surface at the rear end of the machine. If an excavator or a forklift is used to transfer the muck, it is not only time-consuming and laborious, increasing costs, but also the excavator or forklift is affected by the size of the tunnel section and is not easy to move back and forth and change directions.

[0004] Existing boom roadheaders are equipped with dust collection devices. The dust collection devices are usually independent of the cutting unit and are arranged at the front end of the roadheader body. However, during the excavation process of the boom roadheader, the contact points with the heading face change along with the excavation route, and the positions where the dust scatters also change accordingly. The dust absorption efficiency of the dust collection device also varies, and the position of the dust collection device needs to be adjusted before each excavation, making it difficult to collect dust stably and efficiently. In addition, the efficiency of transferring the muck discharged by the existing boom roadheader is low, and when there is a large amount of muck, it is easy to cause muck accumulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a boom roadheader and a construction method for small-section tunnels, aiming to solve the problems that it is difficult for the existing boom roadheader to collect dust stably and efficiently and transfer muck.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A cantilever roadheader, comprising a machine body, a cutting mechanism and a transportation unit. The cutting mechanism includes an adjusting head, a cantilever and a drill bit. One end of the machine body is connected to the adjusting head, the adjusting head is connected to the cantilever, one end of the cantilever facing away from the adjusting head is connected to the drill bit, and the drill bit is movably connected with a plurality of picks. The dust collection mechanism includes a wind collecting cylinder and a suction component. The wind collecting cylinder is sleeved on the cantilever, and the wind collecting cylinder is connected to the suction component. The transportation unit is arranged on the machine body, one end of the transportation unit close to the cutting mechanism is connected to a slag inlet section, and one end of the transportation unit away from the cutting mechanism is connected to a slag outlet section to transport the muck from the slag inlet section to the slag outlet section. A transfer vehicle is arranged at one end of the machine body away from the cutting mechanism. A slag outlet is arranged at the bottom of the transfer vehicle. The bottom of one end of the transfer vehicle away from the machine body is rotatably connected to a bottom plate, and the bottom plate is adapted to the slag outlet. One end of the bottom plate facing the machine body is connected to a pull rope to open and close the slag outlet by the bottom plate. The pull rope is movably connected to one end of the transfer vehicle facing the machine body. A slag inlet is arranged at the top of the transfer vehicle, and the slag inlet corresponds to the position of the slag outlet section.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By sleeving the wind collecting cylinder on the cantilever, the wind collecting cylinder can move along with the cantilever and the drill bit and always keep close to the excavation point, and the dust collection effect can be kept efficient and stable; The slag inlet of the transfer vehicle corresponds to the slag outlet section, and can load muck. By adjusting the pull rope, the position of the bottom plate can be adjusted. When the bottom plate descends, the slag outlet opens to discharge muck. When the bottom plate ascends, it can guide the muck to fall to one side of the transfer vehicle away from the machine body, changing the position of the muck, avoiding the muck accumulation from affecting the slag discharge and transfer efficiency, and avoiding blockage due to too much muck during slag discharge.

[0009] Further, the drill bit includes a drill bit body and a plurality of mounting seats connected to the drill bit body. A plurality of mounting grooves are formed on the drill bit body, and the picks are movably connected in the mounting grooves. Through holes are formed on the mounting seats, and the through holes communicate with the mounting grooves and are adapted to the picks.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of slots are formed on the mounting seats for connecting plug connectors, and a plurality of locking holes adapted to one end of the plug connectors are formed on the side walls of the picks.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of ventilation holes are formed on the wind collecting cylinder. The suction component includes a suction hose, a fan and a dust collector. One end of the wind collecting cylinder away from the drill bit communicates with the suction hose, one end of the suction hose away from the wind collecting cylinder communicates with the dust collector, the dust collector communicates with the fan through an air duct, and the bottom end of the dust collector is connected to the adjusting head.

[0012] Furthermore, a slag holding cavity is arranged in the transfer vehicle. The slag inlet and the slag outlet are both communicated with the slag holding cavity. A vibration motor is arranged on the side of the bottom plate facing away from the slag holding cavity. Two baffles are oppositely arranged on the side of the bottom plate facing the slag holding cavity, and the two baffles are respectively adapted to the opposite inner side walls of the transfer vehicle.

[0013] Furthermore, pulleys are arranged at the top end of the side of the transfer vehicle close to the machine body. A driving motor is arranged on the outer wall of the side of the transfer vehicle close to the machine body. The output end of the driving motor is connected to a winding and unwinding roller. One end of the pulling rope facing away from the bottom plate passes out through the slag inlet, bypasses the pulley, and is connected to the winding and unwinding roller, so as to wind and unwind the pulling rope through the driving motor.

[0014] Furthermore, the slag inlet part is connected to a power supply device. The power supply device includes a connecting mechanism and a bearing part. The connecting mechanism is detachably connected to the slag inlet part. One end of the connecting mechanism facing away from the slag inlet part is connected to the bearing part. A generator, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic pump driving motor and a hydraulic oil tank are arranged at the top end of the bearing part. The generator is electrically connected to the hydraulic pump driving motor. The hydraulic pump driving motor is connected to the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump is communicated with the hydraulic oil tank through an oil suction pipe. The hydraulic pump is communicated with a first hose. The hydraulic oil tank is communicated with a second hose. A traveling part is arranged at the bottom of the machine body. Both the first hose and the second hose are connected to the traveling part.

[0015] Furthermore, the connecting mechanism includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part. The first connecting part includes a rotating shaft, a first sleeve and a transition rod. One end of the rotating shaft is connected to the bearing part through a fixing block. The first sleeve is sleeved outside the rotating shaft. The side wall of the first sleeve is connected to the transition rod. The second connecting part includes a first rod body, a plurality of second sleeves and a plurality of second rod bodies. One end of the transition rod facing away from the first sleeve is connected to the first rod body. A plurality of the second sleeves are connected to the first rod body. The second rod bodies are movably connected inside the second sleeves. One end of the second rod body facing away from the second sleeve is detachably connected to a third sleeve. The third sleeve is connected to the slag inlet part.

[0016] Still further, a plurality of fixing holes are formed at one end of the second rod body facing away from the third sleeve. The fixing holes are used for inserting pins to fix the second rod body.

[0017] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a small-section tunnel construction method, which is applied to the roadheader in the above technical solution, and includes the following steps:

[0018] Assemble the machine body, cutting mechanism, transportation unit and dust collection mechanism including an air collecting cylinder and a suction component outside the tunnel to form a roadheader, and move the roadheader into the tunnel. The air collecting cylinder is sleeved on the cantilever of the cutting mechanism, and the suction component is connected to the adjustment head of the cutting mechanism;

[0019] Arrange a slag inlet at one end of the transportation unit close to the cutting mechanism, and make one side of the slag inlet abut against the ground. Arrange a slag outlet at the end of the transportation unit far from the cutting mechanism to transport the muck from the slag inlet to the slag outlet;

[0020] Obtain the geological characteristics of the heading face to adjust the relative positions of a plurality of picks and the drill bit in the cutting mechanism;

[0021] Arrange a transfer vehicle at one end of the machine body far from the cutting mechanism, and make the slag inlet of the transfer vehicle located below the slag outlet. Adjust the pulling rope of the transfer vehicle to fix one end of the bottom plate of the transfer vehicle facing the machine body at a position higher than the slag outlet of the transfer vehicle;

[0022] Use the adjustment head to direct the cantilever to the arch foot, start the drill bit and the transportation unit, and excavate at the arch foot;

[0023] If there is no local large block collapse during the excavation, let the cutting mechanism excavate along the S line from the arch foot to the arch top;

[0024] If there is local large block collapse during the excavation, let the cutting mechanism excavate along the S line from the arch top to the arch foot;

[0025] If the muck fills one end of the transfer vehicle far from the machine body, fix the bottom plate at a position flush with the slag outlet by adjusting the pulling rope;

[0026] If the muck fills both ends of the transfer vehicle, transport the transfer vehicle out of the tunnel, and fix the bottom plate at a position lower than the slag outlet by adjusting the pulling rope to unload the muck. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the roadheader in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connection mode of the drill bit and picks in the roadheader in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the machine body and the transfer vehicle in the roadheader in the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4Structural schematic diagram of the transfer vehicle in the roadheader of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 Structural schematic diagram of the body and power supply device in the roadheader of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 Structural schematic diagram of the connecting mechanism in the roadheader of the first embodiment of the present invention

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the installation position of the infrared pointing instrument group in the small-section tunnel construction method of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the S line in the small-section tunnel construction method of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Description of main component symbols:

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] The following specific embodiments will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with the above-mentioned drawings. Specific embodiments

[0039] For ease of understanding the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings. Several embodiments of the present invention are given in the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0040] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0042] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6, the roadheader in the embodiments of the present invention includes a machine body 100, a cutting mechanism and a transportation part. The cutting mechanism includes an adjusting head 210, a cantilever 220 and a drill bit 230. One end of the machine body 100 is connected to the adjusting head 210, the adjusting head 210 is connected to the cantilever 220, one end of the cantilever 220 facing away from the adjusting head 210 is connected to the drill bit 230, the drill bit 230 is movably connected with a plurality of picks 233. The drill bit 230 includes a drill bit body 231 and a plurality of mounting seats 232 connected to the drill bit body 231. A plurality of mounting grooves 240 are formed on the drill bit body 231, and the picks 233 are movably connected in the mounting grooves 240. Through holes are formed on the mounting seats 232, the through holes are communicated with the mounting grooves 240 and are adapted to the picks 233. A plurality of slots 241 are formed on the mounting seats 232, and the slots 241 are used for connecting plug connectors 234. A plurality of locking holes adapted to one end of the plug connectors 234 are formed on the side wall of the picks 233. Preferably, when the roadheader is excavating, the arc surface on the drill bit body 231 faces the heading face, the mounting grooves 240 are cylindrical through holes, the mounting seats 232 are coaxial with the mounting grooves 240, the mounting seats 232 and the plug connectors 234 are beneficial to stabilizing the positions of the picks 233. The plurality of slots 241 are all arranged in a straight line, and the axis of the slots 241 is perpendicular to the axis of the through holes. It can be understood that by adjusting the length of the picks 233 exposed from the mounting seats 232, the drill bit 230 can be adjusted for different geological conditions. For example, for the working conditions of rich cement shale geology, increasing the length of the picks 233 exposed from the mounting seats 232 can reduce the influence of bit sticking. It is also possible to adjust the density of the picks 233 on the drill bit 230 by removing the picks 233, and it is convenient to maintain and replace the picks 233.

[0043] The dust collection mechanism includes a wind collecting cylinder 410 and a suction component. The wind collecting cylinder 410 is sleeved on the cantilever 220. A plurality of ventilation holes 411 are formed in the wind collecting cylinder 410. The wind collecting cylinder 410 is connected to the suction component. The suction component includes a fan 420, a dust collector 430, and a suction hose 440. One end of the wind collecting cylinder 410 away from the drill bit 230 communicates with the suction hose 440. One end of the suction hose 440 away from the wind collecting cylinder 410 communicates with the dust collector 430. The dust collector 430 communicates with the fan 420 through an air duct 450. The bottom end of the dust collector 430 is connected to the adjusting head 210. Preferably, the wind collecting cylinder 410 is located at one end of the cantilever 220 close to the drill bit 230. A negative pressure is formed inside the wind collecting cylinder 410. The air on the heading face enters the cylinder through the ventilation holes 411 on the wind collecting cylinder 410 and enters the dust collector 430 through the suction hose 440, which can effectively reduce the dust content on the heading face, is beneficial to reducing the obstruction of the line of sight by dust during the construction process, and improves the air. It can be understood that since the wind collecting cylinder 410 is sleeved on the cantilever 220, when the cantilever 220 changes its position to move the drill bit 230 for excavation at different positions on the heading face, dust collection can be carried out following the cantilever 220. The dust collection position is more accurate and does not require manual adjustment, and the dust collection efficiency is greatly increased.

[0044] The transportation part is arranged on the machine body 100. One end of the transportation part close to the cutting mechanism is connected to the slag inlet part 310, and one end of the transportation part away from the cutting mechanism is connected to the slag outlet part 320 to transport the muck from the slag inlet part 310 to the slag outlet part 320. Preferably, referring to Figure 1 , the transportation part passes through the machine body 100. The slag inlet part 310 includes a bucket and a cleaning device. The bucket is attached to the ground to facilitate the collection of muck. A plurality of sweeper bars are arranged on the cleaning device and can rotate relative to the bucket to sweep the muck above the bucket so as to convey the muck to the tail of the roadheader through the transportation part and fall out from the slag outlet part 320.

[0045] A transfer vehicle 510 is provided at one end of the machine body 100 away from the cutting mechanism. A slag discharge port 511 is provided at the bottom of the transfer vehicle 510. The bottom of one end of the transfer vehicle 510 away from the machine body 100 is rotatably connected to a bottom plate 513. The bottom plate 513 is adapted to the slag discharge port 511. A slag inlet is provided at the top of the transfer vehicle 510. The slag inlet corresponds to the position of the slag discharge part 320. A slag containing cavity is provided inside the transfer vehicle 510. The slag inlet and the slag discharge port 511 are both communicated with the slag containing cavity. A vibration motor 530 is provided on one side of the bottom plate 513 facing away from the slag containing cavity. Two baffles 514 are oppositely provided on one side of the bottom plate 513 facing the slag containing cavity. The two baffles 514 are respectively adapted to the opposite inner side walls of the transfer vehicle 510. Preferably, the vehicle body of the transfer vehicle 510 is a cuboid. The vehicle body is mainly composed of a surrounding wall 512 and a plurality of transfer wheels. The plurality of transfer wheels are provided outside the surrounding wall 512. The slag discharge port 511 is formed by enclosing the bottom of the surrounding wall 512. The bottom plate 513 is adapted to the bottom surface of the cuboid. One end of the bottom plate 513 is connected to the inner side wall of the surrounding wall 512 by a hinge. The slag inlet is formed by enclosing the surrounding wall 512 and a cover plate 570. The baffles 514 are arranged along the length direction of the bottom plate 513. A detachable connecting rod can be provided on the side of the surrounding wall 512 facing the machine body 100 to connect the transfer vehicle 510 to the machine body 100. It can be understood that the transfer vehicle 510 is beneficial to timely transport the muck generated during the excavation out of the tunnel, and the transportation is relatively convenient without manual turning. The adaptation of the bottom plate 513 to the slag discharge port 511 and the combination with the baffles 514 are beneficial to prevent the muck from falling through the gap between the bottom plate 513 and the surrounding wall 512.

[0046] One end of the bottom plate 513 facing the machine body 100 is connected to a pulling rope 520 to open and close the slag discharge port 511 by the bottom plate 513. The pulling rope 520 is movably connected to one end of the transfer vehicle 510 facing the machine body 100. A pulley 560 is provided at the top of one side of the transfer vehicle 510 close to the machine body 100. A driving motor 550 is provided on the outer wall of one side of the transfer vehicle 510 close to the machine body 100. The output end of the driving motor 550 is connected to a winding and unwinding roller 540. One end of the pulling rope 520 facing away from the bottom plate 513 passes out through the slag inlet, bypasses the pulley 560, and is connected to the winding and unwinding roller 540 to wind and unwind the pulling rope 520 through the driving motor 550. Preferably, the pulley 560 is a fixed pulley. It can be understood that, please refer to Figure 4When the slag enters the transfer vehicle 510, the bottom plate 513 is pulled up toward one end of the machine body 100 by the pull rope 520, so that the slag can be guided to fall into the slag holding chamber and then continue to move toward the end of the transfer vehicle 510 facing away from the machine body 100, and the vibration motor 530 is used to assist in shaking the slag on the bottom plate 513 to prevent the slag from accumulating below the slag inlet, which has a negative impact on the process of transferring the slag, and the pull rope 520 can be used to make more adaptive adjustments to the distribution of the slag in the transfer vehicle 510; when the slag is unloaded from the transfer vehicle 510, the pull rope 520 is adjusted to make one end of the bottom plate 513 facing the machine body 100 lower than the other end, and the slag outlet 511 is opened to unload the slag, and the vibration motor 530 can also be used to assist in helping the slag to roll down faster. There is no need for manual slag unloading or manual distribution of the slag during the process, which can greatly improve the construction efficiency.

[0047] The slag feeding part 310 is connected to a power supply device, which includes a bearing part 610 and a connecting mechanism 640. The connecting mechanism 640 is detachable and connected to the slag feeding part 310. The end of the connecting mechanism 640 facing away from the slag feeding part 310 is connected to the bearing part 610. A generator 620, a hydraulic pump 631, a hydraulic pump driving motor 632 and a hydraulic oil tank 633 are arranged at the top of the bearing part 610. The generator 620 is electrically connected to the hydraulic pump driving motor 632, and the hydraulic pump driving motor 632 is connected to the hydraulic pump 631. The hydraulic pump 631 is connected to the hydraulic oil tank 633 through an oil suction pipe 634. The hydraulic pump 631 is connected to a first hose 635, and the hydraulic oil tank 633 is connected to a second hose 636. A walking part 700 is arranged at the bottom of the body 100, and the first hose 635 and the second hose 636 are both connected to the walking part 700. Preferably, the bearing portion 610 includes a vehicle body 611 and a plurality of wheels 612, the vehicle body 611 is provided with the generator 620, the hydraulic pump 631, the hydraulic pump drive motor 632 and the hydraulic oil tank 633, the first hose 635 and the second hose 636 are both connected to the hydraulic motor on the walking portion 700, and are both provided with valves for controlling the on-off of the pipeline. It can be understood that the generator 620 can provide energy for the walking and excavation of the cantilever tunneling machine. It is difficult to assemble a traditional cantilever tunneling machine in a tunnel with a smaller cross-section, and the scheme of assembling outside the tunnel and then moving into the tunnel requires continuous migration of special transformers and special high-voltage cables. By providing a detachable power supply device that can move with the body 100, it is convenient for the cantilever tunneling machine to move into the tunnel, and there is no need for manual handling of equipment, which can improve construction efficiency and save manpower.

[0048] The connecting mechanism 640 includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion. The first connecting portion includes a transition rod 641, a first sleeve 642, and a rotating shaft 643. One end of the rotating shaft 643 is connected to the bearing portion 610 through a fixing block. The first sleeve 642 is sleeved outside the rotating shaft 643, and the side wall of the first sleeve 642 is connected to the transition rod 641. The second connecting portion includes a first rod body 644, a plurality of second sleeves 646, and a plurality of second rod bodies 645. One end of the transition rod 641 facing away from the first sleeve 642 is connected to the first rod body 644. A plurality of the second sleeves 646 are connected to the first rod body 644. The second rod bodies 645 are movably connected inside the second sleeves 646. One end of the second rod body 645 facing away from the second sleeve 646 is detachably connected to a third sleeve 648. The third sleeve 648 is connected to the slag inlet portion 310. A plurality of fixing holes are formed at one end of the second rod body 645 facing away from the third sleeve 648. The fixing holes are used for inserting pins 647 to fix the second rod body 645. Preferably, the number of the second sleeves 646 and the second rod bodies 645 is both 2. The distance between adjacent fixing holes on the second rod body 645 is adapted to the length of the second sleeve 646 to fix the relative position between the second sleeve 646 and the second rod body 645 through the pin 647. One end of the second rod body 645 facing away from the second sleeve 646 is provided with threads, and the third sleeve 648 is a threaded sleeve. It can be understood that the power supply device is convenient to adjust and disassemble, and is relatively flexible, and is suitable for repeated use in various scenarios.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a construction method for a small cross-section tunnel, which is applied to the cantilever roadheader described in the above embodiment. The method includes the following steps:

[0050] S10: Assemble the machine body, the cutting mechanism, the transportation portion, and the dust collection mechanism including the air collecting cylinder and the air suction component outside the tunnel to form a cantilever roadheader, and make the cantilever roadheader enter the tunnel. The air collecting cylinder is sleeved on the cantilever in the cutting mechanism, and the air suction component is connected to the adjusting head in the cutting mechanism;

[0051] Preferably, after assembly, the power supply device is connected to provide power for the self-propelling of the cantilever roadheader.

[0052] S20: A slag inlet portion is provided at one end of the transportation portion close to the cutting mechanism, and one side of the slag inlet portion is abutted against the ground. A slag outlet portion is provided at one end of the transportation portion away from the cutting mechanism to transport the muck from the slag inlet portion to the slag outlet portion;

[0053] Understandably, the slag inlet part 310 abuts against the ground to prevent some muck from being missed during transportation.

[0054] S30: Obtain the geological characteristics of the tunnel face to adjust the relative positions of several picks and the drill bit in the cutting mechanism;

[0055] Preferably, for the working condition of rich water shale geology, increase the length of the pick 233 exposed from the mounting seat 232 to reduce the influence of drill sticking. Adjusting the relative positions of several picks 233 and the drill bit 230 further includes adjusting the density of the picks 233 on the drill bit 230.

[0056] S40: Set a transfer vehicle at one end of the machine body away from the cutting mechanism, and make the slag inlet of the transfer vehicle located below the slag outlet part. Adjust the pulling rope of the transfer vehicle to fix one end of the bottom plate of the transfer vehicle facing the machine body at a position higher than the slag outlet of the transfer vehicle;

[0057] A slag holding cavity is arranged in the transfer vehicle 510 for holding muck. After one end of the bottom plate 513 is raised, it is beneficial for the muck to first fall into the end far from the machine body 100, preventing the muck from accumulating near the slag inlet.

[0058] S50: Make the cantilever point to the arch foot through the adjusting head, start the drill bit and the transportation part, and excavate at the arch foot;

[0059] Preferably, please refer to Figure 7 , an infrared pointing instrument group is arranged on the initial support of the tunnel face. The infrared pointing instrument group includes a first infrared pointing instrument arranged at the top of the initial support and several second infrared pointing instruments arranged on opposite sides of the initial support. The several second infrared pointing instruments are arranged oppositely. The first infrared pointing instrument is located on the central axis of the tunnel face. By arranging the infrared pointing instrument group 800, it can provide a direction for the excavation path and implement more precise excavation.

[0060] S60: If there is no local large block collapse during the excavation process, make the cutting mechanism excavate along the S line from the arch foot to the arch top;

[0061] Preferably, under the pointing of the infrared pointing instrument group, make the drill bit 230 excavate along the S line from the arch foot to the arch top. Understandably, excavating from bottom to top is beneficial to improving the effect of the free face, using the self-weight of the rock mass to loosen downward, reducing the tunneling resistance, and reducing the wear of the drill bit 230 and improving the tunneling efficiency.

[0062] S70: If there is local large block collapse during the excavation process, make the cutting mechanism excavate along the S line from the arch top to the arch foot;

[0063] Preferably, under the direction of the infrared pointing instrument group, excavation is carried out along the S line from the vault to the arch foot. It can be understood that if there is local large-scale caving, by excavating from top to bottom, local rock caving can be effectively avoided, and the safety of the construction process can be improved.

[0064] S80: If the muck fills one end of the transfer vehicle far from the machine body, the bottom plate is fixed at a position flush with the muck outlet by adjusting the pulling rope;

[0065] It can be understood that the pulling rope 520 is adjusted to balance the distribution of the muck in the transfer vehicle 510.

[0066] S90: If the muck fills both ends of the transfer vehicle, the transfer vehicle is transported out of the tunnel, and the bottom plate is fixed at a position lower than the muck outlet by adjusting the pulling rope to discharge the muck.

[0067] In the description of this specification, the description of reference terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0068] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A cantilever type tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a machine body, a cutting mechanism and a transport part, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises an adjusting head, a cantilever and a drill bit, one end of the machine body is connected to the adjusting head, the adjusting head is connected to the cantilever, the end of the cantilever facing away from the adjusting head is connected to the drill bit, the drill bit is movably connected to a plurality of cutting teeth, the dust collecting mechanism comprises an air collecting cylinder and an air suction component, the air collecting cylinder is sleeved on the cantilever, the air collecting cylinder is connected to the air suction component, the transport part is arranged on the machine body, the end of the transport part close to the cutting mechanism is connected to the slag feeding part, and the transport part is far away from the cutting mechanism One end of the mechanism is connected to the slag discharge part to transport the slag from the slag inlet part to the slag discharge part, a transfer car is arranged at the end of the body away from the cutting mechanism, a slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the transfer car, the bottom of the end of the transfer car away from the body is rotatably connected to the bottom plate, the bottom plate is adapted to the slag discharge port, a pull rope is connected to the end of the bottom plate facing the body to make the bottom plate open and close the slag discharge port, the pull rope is movably connected to the end of the transfer car facing the body, a slag inlet is arranged on the top of the transfer car, and the slag inlet corresponds to the position of the slag discharge part.

2. The cantilever type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill bit includes a drill bit body and a plurality of mounting seats connected to the drill bit body. The drill bit body is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves, in which the pick is movably connected. The mounting seats are provided with through holes, which are connected to the mounting grooves and adapted to the pick.

3. The cantilever type tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting seat is provided with a plurality of slots for connecting the plug-in components, and the side wall of the pick is provided with a plurality of locking holes adapted to one end of the plug-in components.

4. The cantilever type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of ventilation holes are provided on the air collecting tube, and the air suction assembly comprises an air suction hose, a fan and a dust collector. The end of the air collecting tube away from the drill bit is connected to the air suction hose, and the end of the air suction hose away from the air collecting tube is connected to the dust collector. The dust collector is connected to the fan via an air duct, and the bottom end of the dust collector is connected to the regulating head.

5. The cantilever type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slag holding chamber is arranged in the transfer vehicle, the slag inlet and the slag outlet are both connected to the slag holding chamber, a vibration motor is arranged on the side of the bottom plate facing away from the slag holding chamber, and two baffles are arranged opposite to each other on the side of the bottom plate facing the slag holding chamber, and the two baffles are respectively adapted to the opposite inner side walls of the transfer vehicle.

6. The cantilever type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pulley is arranged on the top of one side of the transfer vehicle close to the machine body, and a driving motor is arranged on the outer wall of one side of the transfer vehicle close to the machine body. The output end of the driving motor is connected to the retracting roller, and the end of the pull rope facing away from the bottom plate passes through the slag inlet, bypasses the pulley, and is connected to the retracting roller so as to retract and release the pull rope through the driving motor.

7. The cantilever type tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slag feeding part is connected to a power supply device, which includes a connecting mechanism and a bearing part. The connecting mechanism is detachable and connected to the slag feeding part. The end of the connecting mechanism facing away from the slag feeding part is connected to the bearing part. A generator, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic pump driving motor and a hydraulic oil tank are arranged on the top of the bearing part. The generator is electrically connected to the hydraulic pump driving motor, and the hydraulic pump driving motor is connected to the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump is connected to the hydraulic oil tank through an oil suction pipe, the hydraulic pump is connected to a first hose, and the hydraulic oil tank is connected to a second hose. A walking part is arranged at the bottom of the machine body, and the first hose and the second hose are both connected to the walking part.

8. The cantilever type tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The connecting mechanism includes a first connecting part and a second connecting part, the first connecting part includes a rotating shaft, a first sleeve and a transition rod, one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the bearing part through a fixed block, the first sleeve is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, the side wall of the first sleeve is connected to the transition rod, the second connecting part includes a first rod body, a plurality of second sleeves and a plurality of second rod bodies, the end of the transition rod facing away from the first sleeve is connected to the first rod body, a plurality of second sleeves are connected to the first rod body, the second rod body is movably connected to the second sleeve, the end of the second rod body facing away from the second sleeve is disassembled and connected to the third sleeve, and the third sleeve is connected to the slag feeding part.

9. The cantilever type tunnel boring machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of fixing holes are formed at one end of the second rod body facing away from the third sleeve, and the fixing holes are used for inserting pins to fix the second rod body.

10. A small-section tunnel construction method, applied to the cantilever tunnel boring machine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Assembling a machine body, a cutting mechanism, a transport part and a dust collecting mechanism including an air collecting tube and an air suction assembly outside a tunnel to form a cantilevered tunnel boring machine, and allowing the cantilevered tunnel boring machine to enter a tunnel, wherein the air collecting tube is sleeved on the cantilever in the cutting mechanism, and the air suction assembly is connected to the regulating head in the cutting mechanism; A slag feeding part is arranged at one end of the transport part close to the cutting mechanism, and one side of the slag feeding part is made to abut against the ground, and a slag discharging part is arranged at one end of the transport part away from the cutting mechanism, so as to transport the slag from the slag feeding part to the slag discharging part; Acquiring geological features of the tunnel face to adjust the relative positions of a plurality of picks and the drill bit in the cutting mechanism; A transfer vehicle is arranged at one end of the machine body away from the cutting mechanism, and a slag inlet of the transfer vehicle is located below the slag discharge portion, and a pull rope of the transfer vehicle is adjusted to fix an end of the bottom plate of the transfer vehicle toward the machine body at a position higher than the slag discharge port of the transfer vehicle; The cantilever is directed toward the arch foot by the adjusting head, and the drill bit and the transport part are started to excavate at the arch foot; If there is no local large-scale collapse during the excavation process, the cutting mechanism is made to excavate along the S line from the arch foot to the arch top; If there is a local collapse of large blocks during the excavation process, the cutting mechanism is made to excavate along the S line from the arch top to the arch foot; If the slag fills up the end of the transfer vehicle away from the body, the bottom plate is fixed to a position flush with the slag outlet by adjusting the pull rope; If the slag fills up both ends of the transfer vehicle, the transfer vehicle is transported out of the tunnel, and the bottom plate is fixed at a position lower than the slag outlet by adjusting the pull rope to unload the slag.

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