A noise and vibration energy collection system and dynamic monitoring method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a noise and vibration energy collection system and a dynamic monitoring method thereof, belonging to the field of energy conversion technology. The system comprises: a sound input unit, a monitoring housing, an energy conversion unit, a vibration sensing unit, and a storage control unit. The monitoring housing is provided with an acoustic resonance chamber, which is provided with a vibration sensing unit, an energy conversion unit, and a sound input unit from bottom to top. The vibration sensing unit and the energy conversion unit are respectively electrically connected to the storage control unit. The vibration sensing unit is used to obtain external vibration signals and generate AC signals, the energy conversion unit is used to obtain external noise signals and generate AC signals, and the storage control unit is used to obtain the AC signals generated by the vibration sensing unit and the energy conversion unit, respectively, to generate electrical energy to supply power to an external load and obtain the intensity of external vibration and noise. The system can achieve synchronous collection of noise and vibration energy and perform real-time dynamic monitoring of the intensity of external noise and vibration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of noise and vibration energy collection and monitoring, and particularly relates to a noise and vibration energy collection system and a dynamic monitoring method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the Internet of Things and micro-electromechanical technology, a large number of sensors need to be deployed to monitor the surrounding environmental information, whether in road traffic or industrial and construction sites. However, such sensors are difficult to update and maintain in some special occasions, and their sustainable energy supply mechanism has always been a key issue of concern to researchers.

[0003] On the other hand, noise and vibration are widely present in industrial and living environments, such as traffic noise and vibration generated by highways and railroads, noise and vibration generated by industry and construction, social life noise, natural noise, etc. Collecting and utilizing noise and vibration in the environment provides an innovative solution for researchers to explore the sustainable power supply of clean energy and sensors.

[0004] Traditional noise energy harvesters often collect noise energy through piezoelectric cantilever beams. Most noise energy harvesters have complex structures and low power density. In non-steady-state random noise environments, the energy collection efficiency is low, resulting in the noise energy not being effectively utilized.

[0005] In addition, the key problem facing current energy harvesting is that noise often coexists with environmental vibrations, and the direction of environmental vibration excitation is often constantly changing. However, there is currently no energy harvester that can collect environmental noise and vibrations at the same time, nor is there a device that can perform real-time dynamic monitoring of external environmental noise and vibrations at the same time. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a noise and vibration energy collection system and a dynamic monitoring method thereof, so as to realize the synchronous collection of noise and vibration energy and perform real-time dynamic monitoring of the intensity of external noise and vibration.

[0007] A noise and vibration energy collection system includes: a monitoring shell 2, a sound input unit 1, an energy conversion unit 3, at least three vibration sensing units 4, and a storage control unit 5;

[0008] The monitoring housing 2 includes: a monitoring shell 21 and a monitoring base 22;

[0009] The energy conversion unit 3 includes: a piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and a support base 32;

[0010] The vibration sensing unit 4 includes: a hammer-shaped bracket 41, a cone-shaped bracket 42, a groove-shaped bracket 43, a first flexible piezoelectric spring 44, a second flexible piezoelectric spring 45 and a third flexible piezoelectric spring 46;

[0011] The trough-shaped bracket 43 is composed of a first connecting rod 432, a second connecting rod 433 and a third connecting rod 431;

[0012] The second connecting rod 433 is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 432 at an angle of 90°, and the third connecting rod 431 is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 432 at an acute angle of 50°-70°;

[0013] Two ends of the second flexible piezoelectric spring 45 are fixedly connected to the second connecting rod 433 and the conical bracket 42 respectively;

[0014] The two ends of the third flexible piezoelectric spring 46 are fixedly connected to the large ends of the conical bracket 42 and the hammer bracket 41 respectively;

[0015] The two ends of the first flexible piezoelectric spring 44 are fixedly connected to the third connecting rod 431 and the large end of the hammer-shaped bracket 41 respectively;

[0016] The intersection of the extended lines of the first flexible piezoelectric spring 44 and the third flexible piezoelectric spring 46 is on the axis of the hammer-shaped bracket 41;

[0017] The first connecting rod 432 of the vibration sensing unit 4 is fixed on the line connecting the center of the monitoring base 22 and the periphery of the monitoring base 22; the small end of the hammer-shaped bracket 41 is vertically fixedly connected to the support base 32;

[0018] The sound input unit 1 is provided at the upper end of the monitoring housing 21 and above the energy conversion unit 3;

[0019] The flexible piezoelectric spring of the vibration sensing unit 4 and the energy conversion unit 3 are electrically connected to the storage control unit 5 respectively;

[0020] The monitoring housing 2 comprises: a monitoring shell 21 and a monitoring base 22, which are sealed and connected to form an acoustic resonance cavity 23;

[0021] The horizontal cross-sections of the monitoring housing 21 and the monitoring base 22 are circular or regular polygonal, and the ratio of the height of the monitoring housing 21 to the diameter of its inscribed circle is 2:1.

[0022] The outer surface of the sound input unit 1 is a conical surface, a pyramidal surface or a simulated conical spiral surface. If it is a simulated conical spiral surface, the spiral angle is 10°-15°;

[0023] The small opening end of the sound input unit 1 is arranged inward, and the large opening end thereof is sealed and connected to the inner side of the monitoring housing 21;

[0024] The area ratio of the large opening to the small opening is 2-3:1; the ratio of the height of the outer surface of the sound input unit 1 to the diameter of the inscribed circle of its large opening end is 1:1.2-1.5.

[0025] The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 is provided with a spherical cap space, which is connected to the acoustic resonance cavity 23;

[0026] The piezoelectric material in the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 is in a continuous elastic deformation preparation state, acquiring external noise signals and converting them into alternating current signals;

[0027] The ratio of the height of the spherical cap space to the diameter of its largest opening end is 1:10-20; the ratio of the area of the largest opening end of the spherical cap space to the horizontal cross-section of the acoustic resonance cavity 23 is 1:3-7;

[0028] The vibration sensing units 4 are evenly arranged on the monitoring base 22;

[0029] The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31, the first flexible piezoelectric spring 44, the third flexible piezoelectric spring 46 and the second flexible piezoelectric spring 45 are composed of piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric films or piezoelectric fibers;

[0030] The storage control unit 5 includes: a controller, a rectifier and filter module, an energy storage capacitor and a DC-DC conversion module;

[0031] The controller is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and the flexible piezoelectric spring in the vibration sensing unit 4, with the positive and negative electrodes thereof connected to the controller respectively. The controller obtains the AC signal generated by the vibration sensing unit 4 and the energy conversion unit 3, generates electrical energy to supply power to the external load, and obtains the intensity of external vibration and noise;

[0032] The rectifier and filter modules are electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and the flexible piezoelectric spring in the vibration sensing unit 4, respectively, and the AC signal to be processed is converted into a DC signal;

[0033] The energy storage capacitor is electrically connected to the rectifier and filter module, and is used to store the electrical energy of the DC signal;

[0034] The DC-DC conversion module is electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor, the controller and the external load respectively, and is used to obtain a direct current signal and perform characteristic conversion;

[0035] A dynamic monitoring method for a noise and vibration energy harvesting system, using the above-mentioned noise and vibration energy harvesting system:

[0036] 1) Performing frequency calibration and signal marking on the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 in the energy conversion unit 3 and the flexible piezoelectric spring in the vibration sensing unit 4;

[0037] 2) The rectifier and filter module and the controller respond to the external vibration energy judgment request data to obtain the noise AC signal of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and the vibration AC signal of the flexible piezoelectric spring;

[0038] 3) The controller filters and processes the noise AC signal and the vibration AC signal to obtain the intensity of the external vibration and noise, and transmits it to the external control center via the internal wireless module;

[0039] 4) The control center can make timely feedback responses based on the latest data received.

[0040] The intensity of the external vibration and noise includes: the intensity of the external vibration in the vertical direction, the intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction and the excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance cavity;

[0041] The intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction is obtained by formula (1) and formula (2):

[0042] (1)

[0043] (2)

[0044] Where: F1 is the intensity of external vibration in the horizontal direction, θ is the direction angle of external vibration in the horizontal direction, m is the equivalent mass of the flexible piezoelectric spring; c is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric spring; k is the equivalent stiffness of the flexible piezoelectric spring; α is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric spring; C P represents the equivalent capacitance of the flexible piezoelectric spring; R represents the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit in the vibration sensing unit; pij represents the vibration displacement of the j-th flexible piezoelectric spring on the i-th vibration sensing unit in its normal direction; Vij represents the output voltage of the j-th flexible piezoelectric spring on the i-th vibration sensing unit (i=1,2,3; j=1,2,3);

[0045] The intensity of the external vibration in the vertical direction is obtained by formula (3), formula (4), formula (5) and formula (6):

[0046] (3)

[0047] (4)

[0048] (5)

[0049] (6)

[0050] Wherein: F2 is the intensity of external vibration in the vertical direction, φ is the installation angle of the third flexible piezoelectric spring and the vertical direction, and ψ is the installation angle of the first flexible piezoelectric spring and the vertical direction;

[0051] The excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance chamber is obtained by formula (7) and formula (8):

[0052] (7)

[0053] (8)

[0054] Where: F3 is the excitation intensity transmitted from the hammer-shaped bracket to the energy conversion unit; F4 is the excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance cavity; z is the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; V is the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; m' is the equivalent mass of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; c' is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; k' is the equivalent stiffness of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; α' is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; C P ' is the equivalent capacitance of the piezoelectric pickup structure; R' is the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit.

[0055] The present invention discloses a noise and vibration energy collection system and a dynamic monitoring method thereof, comprising: a sound input unit, a monitoring shell, an energy conversion unit, a vibration sensing unit, and a storage control unit; an acoustic resonance chamber is provided in the monitoring shell, and a vibration sensing unit, an energy conversion unit, and a sound input unit are provided therein from bottom to top; the vibration sensing unit and the energy conversion unit are electrically connected to the storage control unit respectively; the vibration sensing unit is used to obtain an external vibration signal and generate an alternating current signal, the energy conversion unit is used to obtain an external noise signal and generate an alternating current signal, and the storage control unit is used to obtain the alternating current signals generated by the vibration sensing unit and the energy conversion unit respectively, generate electrical energy to supply power to an external load, and obtain the intensity of external vibration and noise. In summary, the present invention can realize the synchronous collection of noise and vibration energy, and perform real-time dynamic monitoring of the intensity of external noise and vibration.

[0056] The present invention provides a noise and vibration energy collection system and a dynamic monitoring method using the same, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0057] 1. The vibration sensing unit, energy conversion unit, and sound input unit are integrated into a monitoring housing with an acoustic resonance chamber and arranged sequentially along a specific direction, enabling the simultaneous collection of vibration and noise energy. This integrated design results in a compact system structure, capable of processing two different forms of energy simultaneously, vibration and noise, and possessing multifunctionality. Compared to traditional single-energy harvesting devices, it significantly improves the efficiency and scope of energy harvesting.

[0058] 2. The vibration sensing unit can acquire external vibration signals and generate AC signals, and the energy conversion unit can acquire external noise signals and generate AC signals. Both AC signals from different sources can be acquired by the storage control unit and generate electrical energy to power external loads; that is, the system can make full use of the vibration and noise energy in the environment and convert it into electrical energy, effectively solving the problem of energy shortage.

[0059] 3. The monitoring shell has an acoustic resonance cavity. This design can enhance the intensity of sound and improve the efficiency of the energy conversion unit in collecting noise signals. The acoustic resonance cavity can make sounds of specific frequencies resonate in the cavity, so that the energy conversion unit receives stronger noise signals, thereby improving the efficiency of noise energy collection and conversion, and further increasing the overall energy output of the system.

[0060] 4. In real-world environments, vibration and noise often coexist and vary widely. The system of the present invention can continuously collect energy under different environmental conditions, ensuring the stability and reliability of the energy supply. It can work effectively in both industrial and construction sites with frequent vibrations and in noisy highway and rail transit environments, thereby improving the system's application range and practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external three-dimensional structure of a noise and vibration energy harvesting system of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of a noise and vibration energy harvesting system of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of a noise and vibration energy harvesting system of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an energy conversion unit of a noise and vibration energy harvesting system of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a vibration sensing unit of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a trough-shaped bracket of a noise and vibration energy harvesting system of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a monitoring base of a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 8Schematic diagram A of the circuit connection of a noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to the present invention;

[0069] Figure 9 Schematic diagram B of a circuit connection of a noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to the present invention;

[0070] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the array arrangement structure of a noise and vibration energy harvesting system of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a vibration sensing unit in a noise and vibration energy collection system of the present invention.

[0072] In the attached figure:

[0073] 1. Voice input unit;

[0074] 2. Monitoring shell; 21. Monitoring housing; 22. Monitoring base; 221. Positioning slot; 23. Acoustic resonance chamber;

[0075] 3. Energy conversion unit; 31. Piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; 32. Support base;

[0076] 4. Vibration sensing unit; 41. Hammer-shaped bracket; 42. Conical bracket; 43. Grooved bracket; 44. First flexible piezoelectric spring; 45. Second flexible piezoelectric spring; 46. Third flexible piezoelectric spring; 431. Third connecting rod; 432. First connecting rod; 433. Second connecting rod;

[0077] 5. Storage control unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] Example 1:

[0079] See attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 3 , a noise and vibration energy collection system, comprising: a sound input unit 1, a monitoring shell 2, an energy conversion unit 3, a vibration sensing unit 4, and a storage control unit 5;

[0080] The monitoring housing 2 is provided with an acoustic resonance cavity 23, and the monitoring housing 2 is provided with a vibration sensing unit 4, an energy conversion unit 3 and a sound input unit 1 in order from bottom to top;

[0081] The vibration sensing unit 4 and the energy conversion unit 3 are electrically connected to the storage control unit 5 respectively.

[0082] Among them, the vibration sensing unit 4 is used to obtain external vibration signals and generate AC signals; the energy conversion unit 3 is used to obtain external noise signals and generate AC signals, and the storage control unit 5 is used to obtain the AC signals generated by the vibration sensing unit 4 and the energy conversion unit 3 respectively, and based on the AC signals, generate electrical energy to supply power to the external load, and obtain the intensity of external vibration and noise.

[0083] The acoustic resonance cavity 23 in the monitoring shell 2 can make the sound of a specific frequency resonate in the cavity, so that the energy conversion unit receives a stronger noise signal, improves the efficiency of the energy conversion unit 3 in collecting noise signals, and further increases the overall energy output of the system.

[0084] The monitoring housing 2 comprises: a monitoring shell 21 and a monitoring base 22, which are sealed and connected to form an acoustic resonance cavity 23;

[0085] The horizontal cross-sections of the monitoring housing 21 and the monitoring base 22 are both circular or regular polygonal, and the ratio of the height of the monitoring housing 21 to the diameter of its inscribed circle is 2:1.

[0086] The circular / regular polygonal structure of the monitoring housing 21 can evenly distribute the sound wave reflection path and avoid sound wave interference loss; the ratio of its height to its inscribed circle diameter is 2:1, which is close to the classic ratio of the Helmholtz resonator, and can form efficient resonance within a specific frequency band, enhance the sound pressure level in the cavity, and thus improve the energy conversion unit's ability to capture noise energy, which is particularly suitable for energy collection in narrowband noise environments.

[0087] The outer surface of the sound input unit 1 is a conical surface, a pyramidal surface or a simulated cone spiral surface, and the helical angle direction of the simulated cone spiral surface is left-handed or right-handed, and the helical angle is 10°-15°;

[0088] The small opening end of the sound input unit 1 is set inward, and its large opening end is sealed and connected to the inner side of the monitoring shell 21; the area ratio of the large opening and the small opening can be 2-3:1; the ratio of the height of the outer surface of the sound input unit 1 to the diameter of the inscribed circle of its large opening end is between 1:1.2-1.5.

[0089] Among them, the sound input unit 1 adopts a structure that gradually expands from the inside to the outside, which can effectively converge external sound waves into the cavity, and use the principle of acoustic diffusion to enhance the sound pressure level entering the resonance cavity; compared with the straight-cylinder design, this gradient inner diameter structure can guide more sound energy to be concentrated on the energy conversion unit, especially for low-frequency sound waves. It has better capture ability and significantly improves the noise energy collection efficiency.

[0090] The sound input unit 1 utilizes a conical, pyramidal, or simulated conical spiral surface with a 10-15° helix angle, guiding incident sound waves along a spiral trajectory into the acoustic resonance chamber. This structure utilizes the principle of spiral guidance to, on the one hand, extend the propagation path of sound waves within the cavity, increasing the interaction time between the sound waves and the energy conversion unit; on the other hand, the spiral trajectory helps disperse the direction of sound wave reflections, reducing interference loss. This allows for more efficient capture of broadband noise, improving overall energy collection efficiency.

[0091] The moderately long gradient channel of sound input unit 1 leverages the reflection and superposition effects of sound waves within the expanding duct to boost the sound pressure level while avoiding the energy attenuation caused by an excessively long channel. This proportional range matches the wavelength characteristics of common ambient noise, effectively guiding sound waves to form stable standing waves within the cavity and enhancing the energy conversion unit's acoustic energy reception efficiency.

[0092] See attached Figure 4 , the energy conversion unit 3 includes: a piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and a support base 32, the support base 32 is connected to the vibration sensing unit 4;

[0093] The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 is provided with a spherical cap space, which is connected to the acoustic resonance cavity 23. The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 utilizes the bending characteristics of the spherical cap space to keep the piezoelectric material in a continuous elastic deformation preparation state, so as to obtain external noise signals and generate noise AC signals.

[0094] The ratio of the height of the spherical cap space to the diameter of its largest opening end is 1:10-20; the ratio of the area of the largest opening end of the spherical cap space to the horizontal cross-section of the acoustic resonance cavity 23 is 1:3-7.

[0095] The spherical cap space of the piezoelectric pickup structure 31, through its unique geometric form, pre-applies a constant mechanical stress field to the internal piezoelectric pickup structure 31. This prestressed state is not simply a result of external force application, but rather utilizes the spatial curvature of the spherical cap surface to maintain the piezoelectric material in a state of continuous elastic deformation readiness. When subjected to environmental noise (dynamic excitation sources such as acoustic vibration and mechanical vibration), the prestressed piezoelectric pickup structure exhibits a significant nonlinear mechanical response, generating structural deformation several times greater than in the unprestressed state. Furthermore, the shape and proportions of the spherical cap space control the distribution of acoustic standing waves, forming a high-energy-density region within a specific frequency band, significantly improving the acoustic-to-electrical conversion efficiency of the piezoelectric material and making it particularly suitable for harvesting narrowband noise energy.

[0096] See attached Figure 5 -Attached Figure 7 The vibration sensing units 4 are provided with three, evenly distributed on the monitoring base 22, and can sense external vibration signals from different angles and directions;

[0097] The vibration sensing unit 4 includes: a hammer-shaped bracket 41, a cone-shaped bracket 42, a groove-shaped bracket 43, a first flexible piezoelectric spring 44, a second flexible piezoelectric spring 45 and a third flexible piezoelectric spring 46;

[0098] The upper end of the hammer-shaped bracket 41 is vertically connected to the support base 32, and the groove-shaped bracket 43 is horizontally arranged and fixed on the monitoring base 22;

[0099] One side of the lower end of the hammer-shaped bracket 41 is connected to the small end of the conical bracket 42 through a first flexible piezoelectric spring 44; the first flexible piezoelectric spring 44 is tilted inward;

[0100] The other side of the lower end of the hammer-shaped bracket 41 is connected to one end of the groove-shaped bracket 43 through a third flexible piezoelectric spring 46, and the third flexible piezoelectric spring 46 is arranged to be tilted outward;

[0101] The other end of the groove-shaped bracket 43 is connected to the large end of the conical bracket 42 through a second flexible piezoelectric spring 45, and the second flexible piezoelectric spring 45 is vertically arranged; thereby forming a closed loop structure;

[0102] Among them, the first flexible piezoelectric spring 44 and the third flexible piezoelectric spring 46 are used to obtain the vibration signal of the external vibration in the vertical direction and generate an AC signal, and the second flexible piezoelectric spring 45 is used to obtain the vibration signal of the external vibration in the horizontal direction and generate an AC signal.

[0103] The groove-shaped bracket 43 is composed of a first connecting rod 432, a second connecting rod 433 and a third connecting rod 431. The first connecting rod 432 is horizontally arranged and embedded in the positioning groove 221 of the monitoring base 22; the second connecting rod 433 is vertically arranged to the first connecting rod 432 and is connected to the second flexible piezoelectric spring 45; the third connecting rod 431 is arranged at an acute angle of 50°-70° to the first connecting rod 432, and is connected to the third flexible piezoelectric spring 46.

[0104] The connection points between the hammer-shaped bracket 41 , the conical bracket 42 , the groove-shaped bracket 43 and the flexible piezoelectric spring are all double-beveled clamping structures.

[0105] Among them, multiple evenly distributed vibration sensing units 4 are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the monitoring base, so that the system can fully capture vibrations in all directions, avoiding information omissions or insufficient energy collection due to a single vibration direction; for example, in a complex industrial environment, equipment may generate vibrations in multiple directions, and multiple vibration sensing units can ensure effective monitoring and energy conversion of these vibrations.

[0106] The hammer-shaped bracket 41, conical bracket 42, and slot-shaped bracket 43 are interconnected to form a stable mechanical closed-loop structure. The interlocking position of the slot-shaped bracket 43 and the positioning slot of the monitoring base 22 further enhances the stability of the overall structure and reduces signal errors or equipment damage caused by structural loosening during vibration. Even under strong vibration, this structure can remain relatively stable, ensuring that each flexible piezoelectric spring can function properly, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the system. For example, in an environment with both horizontal and diagonal vibrations, the slot-shaped bracket 43 can transmit these complex vibration signals to the corresponding flexible piezoelectric springs, enabling them to more fully convert vibration energy into electrical energy.

[0107] The double-slant clamping structure and size design of the hammer-shaped bracket 41, the conical bracket 42 and the groove-shaped bracket 43 can effectively transmit external vibration to the piezoelectric spring, and make the piezoelectric spring produce a larger vibration displacement, thereby outputting more electrical energy.

[0108] The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 , the first flexible piezoelectric spring 44 , the third flexible piezoelectric spring 46 and the second flexible piezoelectric spring 45 are composed of piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric films or piezoelectric fibers.

[0109] In this embodiment, the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 adopts a piezoelectric fiber composite material. The first flexible piezoelectric spring 44, the second flexible piezoelectric spring 45 and the third flexible piezoelectric spring 46 have the same structure. They are all made of piezoelectric ceramic particles embedded in a flexible polymer matrix. They have certain flexibility and elasticity, can bend or deform when subjected to external force, and can return to their original shape after the force disappears.

[0110] See attached Figure 8 and attached Figure 9 , the storage control unit 5 includes: a controller, a rectifier and filter module, an energy storage capacitor and a DC-DC conversion module;

[0111] The controller is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31, the three first flexible piezoelectric springs 44, the three second flexible piezoelectric springs 45, and the three third flexible piezoelectric springs 46, respectively, with their positive and negative electrodes connected to the controller respectively; it is used to obtain the generated noise AC signal and vibration AC signal, and obtain the intensity of external vibration and noise based on the noise AC signal and the vibration AC signal;

[0112] The controller uses a wireless integrated MCU whose core architecture includes a dual-core Cortex-M33, PowerQuad co-processor and a multi-protocol wireless module, supporting hardware-accelerated FFT, filtering and matrix operations;

[0113] The front end of the wireless integrated MCU is provided with a rectifier and filter circuit for converting the AC signal to be processed into a DC signal;

[0114] The rectifier and filter modules are electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and the multiple flexible piezoelectric springs in the vibration sensing unit 4. In practical applications, external vibrations and noise are unstable and random, resulting in uncertain AC signals. The rectifier and filter modules can convert these irregular AC signals into smooth, stable DC signals, ensuring reliable operation of the entire system.

[0115] The energy storage capacitor is electrically connected to the rectifier and filter module, and is used for storing electrical energy of a DC signal.

[0116] Since the energy of external vibration and noise is intermittent and unstable, when energy is generated, the energy storage capacitor can store excess electrical energy in time; when energy generation is insufficient, the energy storage capacitor can release the stored electrical energy to provide continuous power support for the controller and external loads; this energy storage and buffering mechanism ensures that the system can operate stably under different energy input conditions and improves energy utilization efficiency.

[0117] The DC-DC conversion module is electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor, the controller and the external load respectively. The DC-DC conversion module is used to obtain a direct current signal and perform characteristic conversion.

[0118] The DC-DC conversion module can convert the DC power output by the energy storage capacitor into a voltage that meets the voltage requirements of the controller and external loads according to actual needs. For example, the controller may require a lower operating voltage, while certain external loads may require a higher voltage. The DC-DC conversion module can flexibly adjust the voltage to achieve voltage adaptation, thereby improving the compatibility and versatility of the system.

[0119] See attached Figure 10 In this embodiment, the noise and vibration energy harvesting systems can be arranged in an array. Multiple energy harvesting systems in the array form a redundant structure. If one harvesting system fails, the others can continue to operate, ensuring that the system's noise and vibration monitoring capabilities are not completely lost.

[0120] The redundant design of the array arrangement employed in this embodiment improves system reliability and reduces the risk of overall system failure due to a single component failure. This makes it suitable for applications requiring high reliability, such as long-term environmental monitoring projects. The array arrangement enables the system to flexibly adjust the location and parameters of each collection system based on the energy distribution characteristics of the actual environment. For example, in areas near noise sources or with strong vibrations, the density of collection systems can be increased to more efficiently collect energy; whereas in areas with relatively weak energy, the number of collection systems can be appropriately reduced. This flexible arrangement improves the system's adaptability to complex environments and ensures efficient energy harvesting.

[0121] In addition, a dynamic monitoring method for a controller in the above-mentioned noise and vibration energy harvesting system is provided, comprising:

[0122] First, frequency calibration and signal marking are performed on the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 in the energy conversion unit 3 and the flexible piezoelectric spring in the vibration sensing unit 4;

[0123] Subsequently, in response to the external vibration energy judgment request data, the noise AC signal of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 and the vibration AC signals respectively generated by the three first flexible piezoelectric springs 44, the three second flexible piezoelectric springs 45 and the three third flexible piezoelectric springs 46 are obtained;

[0124] Then, based on the noise AC signal and the vibration AC signal, the intensity of the external vibration and noise is obtained and transmitted to the control center through the internal wireless module;

[0125] Based on the acquired noise AC and vibration AC signals, the controller can calculate the intensity of external vibration and noise. Due to the characteristics of piezoelectric materials, these electrical signals have a certain correspondence with the external vibration and noise intensity. Through analysis and processing using reasonable algorithms and models, relatively accurate intensity values can be obtained. This provides reliable data support for subsequent decision-making and control. Wireless transmission can quickly send data to the control center, ensuring real-time data.

[0126] Finally, the control center can respond promptly based on the latest data received, such as adjusting the operating status of the equipment, issuing early warning signals, etc.

[0127] The device system of the present invention is placed in a measured environment, the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure 31 in the energy conversion unit 3 is used to sense external noise signals, and the vibration sensing unit 4 is used to sense external vibration signals.

[0128] Under the stimulation of external vibration, the three groups of flexible piezoelectric springs in the vibration sensing unit 4 output a total of nine electrical signals, which are marked as follows:

[0129] , ,

[0130] , ,

[0131] Where A, B, and C represent the vibration displacement matrices of the nine flexible piezoelectric springs on the three vibration sensing units 4; A', B', and C' represent the output voltage matrices of the nine flexible piezoelectric springs on the three vibration sensing units; p ij Respectively represent the vibration displacement of each flexible piezoelectric spring in its normal direction; V ij Represents the output voltage of each flexible piezoelectric spring (i=1,2,3; j=1,2,3).

[0132] See attached Figure 3 and attached Figure 11 , the intensity of external vibration and noise includes: the intensity of external vibration in the vertical direction, the intensity of external vibration in the horizontal direction and the excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance cavity 23;

[0133] The intensity of external vibration in the horizontal direction is obtained by formula (1) and formula (2):

[0134] (1)

[0135] (2)

[0136] Where: F1 is the intensity of external vibration in the horizontal direction; θ is the direction angle of external vibration in the horizontal direction; m is the equivalent mass of the flexible piezoelectric spring; c is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric spring; k is the equivalent stiffness of the flexible piezoelectric spring; α is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric spring; C P represents the equivalent capacitance of the flexible piezoelectric spring; R represents the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit in the vibration sensing unit.

[0137] The intensity of external vibration in the vertical direction is obtained by formula (3), formula (4), formula (5) and formula (6):

[0138] (3)

[0139] (4)

[0140] (5)

[0141] (6)

[0142] Wherein: F2 is the intensity of external vibration in the vertical direction; φ is the installation angle of the third flexible piezoelectric spring and the vertical direction; ψ is the installation angle of the first flexible piezoelectric spring and the vertical direction;

[0143] Furthermore, formulas (1)-(6) are converted into data to obtain the deflection angles of the three hammer-shaped brackets 41:

[0144] , ,

[0145] Where: γ i (i=1,2,3) represents the deflection angle of the hammer bracket after being subjected to external excitation.

[0146] The excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance chamber is obtained by formula (7) and formula (8):

[0147] (7)

[0148] (8)

[0149] Where: F3 is the excitation intensity transmitted from the hammer-shaped bracket to the energy conversion unit; F4 is the excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance cavity; z is the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric pickup structure; V is the output voltage of the piezoelectric pickup structure; m' is the equivalent mass of the piezoelectric pickup structure; c' is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the piezoelectric pickup structure; k' is the equivalent stiffness of the piezoelectric pickup structure; α' is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the piezoelectric pickup structure; C P ' is the equivalent capacitance of the piezoelectric pickup structure; R' is the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit.

[0150] In summary, the noise and vibration energy harvesting system of the present invention integrates a vibration sensing unit, an energy conversion unit, and a sound input unit in a monitoring shell with an acoustic resonance cavity, and is arranged in sequence along a specific direction, thereby realizing the simultaneous harvesting of vibration energy and noise energy. This integrated design makes the system structure compact, capable of processing two different forms of energy, vibration and noise, at the same time, and possesses versatility. Compared with traditional single energy harvesting equipment, it greatly improves the efficiency and scope of energy harvesting. In actual environments, vibration and noise often exist simultaneously and vary in various ways. The system can continuously collect energy under different environmental conditions, ensuring the stability and reliability of energy supply. Whether in industrial and construction sites with frequent vibrations or in noisy highway and rail transit environments, it can work effectively, thereby improving the application scope and practicality of the system.

Claims

1. A noise and vibration energy harvesting system, characterized in that: include: A monitoring housing (2), a sound input unit (1), an energy conversion unit (3), at least three vibration sensing units (4), and a storage control unit (5); The monitoring housing (2) comprises: a monitoring shell (21) and a monitoring base (22); The energy conversion unit (3) comprises: a piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) and a support seat (32); The vibration sensing unit (4) comprises: A hammer-shaped bracket (41), a conical bracket (42), a groove-shaped bracket (43), a first flexible piezoelectric spring (44), a second flexible piezoelectric spring (45), and a third flexible piezoelectric spring (46); The trough-shaped bracket (43) is composed of a first connecting rod (432), a second connecting rod (433) and a third connecting rod (431); The second connecting rod (433) is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod (432) at an angle of 90°, and the third connecting rod (431) is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod (432) at an acute angle of 50°-70°; Two ends of the second flexible piezoelectric spring (45) are fixedly connected to the second connecting rod (433) and the conical bracket (42) respectively; Two ends of the third flexible piezoelectric spring (46) are fixedly connected to the large ends of the conical bracket (42) and the hammer bracket (41), respectively; Two ends of the first flexible piezoelectric spring (44) are fixedly connected to the third connecting rod (431) and the large end of the hammer-shaped bracket (41), respectively; The intersection of the longitudinal extension lines of the first flexible piezoelectric spring (44) and the third flexible piezoelectric spring (46) is on the axis of the hammer-shaped bracket 41; The first connecting rod (432) of the vibration sensing unit (4) is fixed on a line connecting the center of the monitoring base (22) and the periphery of the monitoring base (22); the small end of the hammer-shaped bracket (41) is vertically fixedly connected to the support base (32); The sound input unit (1) is arranged at the upper end of the monitoring housing (21), above the energy conversion unit (3); The flexible piezoelectric spring of the vibration sensing unit (4) and the energy conversion unit (3) are electrically connected to the storage control unit (5) respectively.

2. The noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring housing (2) comprises: a monitoring shell (21) and a monitoring base (22), which are sealed and connected to form an acoustic resonance cavity (23); The horizontal cross-sections of the monitoring housing (21) and the monitoring base (22) are circular or regular polygonal, and the ratio of the height of the monitoring housing (21) to the diameter of its inscribed circle is 2:

1.

3. A noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The outer surface of the sound input unit (1) is a conical surface, a pyramidal surface or a simulated conical spiral surface. If it is a simulated conical spiral surface, the spiral angle is 10°-15°; The small opening end of the sound input unit (1) is arranged inward, and the large opening end thereof is sealedly connected to the inner side of the monitoring housing (21); The area ratio of the large opening to the small opening is 2-3:1; the ratio of the height of the outer surface of the sound input unit (1) to the diameter of the inscribed circle at its large opening end is 1:1.2-1.

5.

4. The noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) is provided with a spherical cap space, which is connected to the acoustic resonance cavity (23); The piezoelectric material in the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) is in a continuous elastic deformation preparation state, acquiring an external noise signal and converting it into an alternating current signal; The ratio of the height of the spherical cap space to the diameter of its large opening end is 1:10-20; the ratio of the area of the large opening end of the spherical cap space to the horizontal cross section of the acoustic resonance cavity (23) is 1:3-7.

5. The noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vibration sensing units (4) are evenly arranged on the monitoring base (22).

6. The noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31), the first flexible piezoelectric spring (44), the third flexible piezoelectric spring (46) and the second flexible piezoelectric spring (45) are composed of piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric films or piezoelectric fibers.

7. The noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The storage control unit (5) comprises: a controller, a rectifier and filter module, an energy storage capacitor and a DC-DC conversion module; The controller is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) and the flexible piezoelectric spring in the vibration sensing unit (4), and the positive and negative electrodes thereof are connected to the controller respectively. The controller obtains the alternating current signal generated by the vibration sensing unit (4) and the energy conversion unit (3), generates electrical energy to supply power to the external load, and obtains the intensity of external vibration and noise; The rectification and filtering module is electrically connected to the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) and the flexible piezoelectric spring in the vibration sensing unit (4) respectively, and converts the AC signal to be processed into a DC signal; The energy storage capacitor is electrically connected to the rectifier and filter module, and is used to store the electrical energy of the DC signal; The DC-DC conversion module is electrically connected to the energy storage capacitor, the controller and the external load respectively. The DC-DC conversion module is used to obtain a direct current signal and perform characteristic conversion.

8. A dynamic monitoring method for a noise and vibration energy collection system, characterized by: A noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 7 is used: 1) performing frequency calibration and signal marking on the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) in the energy conversion unit (3) and the flexible piezoelectric spring in the vibration sensing unit (4); 2) the rectifier filter module and the controller respond to the external vibration energy judgment request data to obtain the noise AC signal of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure (31) and the vibration AC signal of the flexible piezoelectric spring; 3) The controller filters and processes the noise AC signal and the vibration AC signal to obtain the intensity of the external vibration and noise, and transmits it to the external control center via the internal wireless module; 4) The control center can make timely feedback responses based on the latest data received.

9. The method for dynamic monitoring of a noise and vibration energy harvesting system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The intensity of the external vibration and noise includes: the intensity of the external vibration in the vertical direction, the intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction and the excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance cavity; The intensity of the external vibration in the horizontal direction is obtained by formula (1) and formula (2): （1） （2） Where: F1 is the intensity of external vibration in the horizontal direction, θ is the direction angle of external vibration in the horizontal direction, m is the equivalent mass of the flexible piezoelectric spring; c is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric spring; k is the equivalent stiffness of the flexible piezoelectric spring; α is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the flexible piezoelectric spring; C P represents the equivalent capacitance of the flexible piezoelectric spring; R represents the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit in the vibration sensing unit; pij represents the vibration displacement of the j-th flexible piezoelectric spring on the i-th vibration sensing unit in its normal direction; Vij represents the output voltage of the j-th flexible piezoelectric spring on the i-th vibration sensing unit (i=1,2,3; j=1,2,3); The intensity of the external vibration in the vertical direction is obtained by formula (3), formula (4), formula (5) and formula (6): （3） （4） （5） （6） Wherein: F2 is the intensity of external vibration in the vertical direction, φ is the installation angle of the third flexible piezoelectric spring and the vertical direction, and ψ is the installation angle of the first flexible piezoelectric spring and the vertical direction; The excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance chamber is obtained by formula (7) and formula (8): （7） （8） Where: F3 is the excitation intensity transmitted from the hammer-shaped bracket to the energy conversion unit; F4 is the excitation intensity of the noise transmitted by the acoustic resonance cavity; z is the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; V is the output voltage of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; m' is the equivalent mass of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; c' is the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; k' is the equivalent stiffness of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; α' is the equivalent electromechanical coupling coefficient of the piezoelectric vibration pickup structure; C P ' is the equivalent capacitance of the piezoelectric pickup structure; R' is the equivalent resistance of the energy harvesting circuit.

Images