Method and system for testing effective distribution range of pre-tightening force of anchor rod

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for testing an effective distribution range of a pre-tightening force of an anchor rod. The testing method comprises the following steps: manufacturing at least two transparent test pieces; respectively and homogeneously smearing a layer of graphene powder on the refracting surfaces of the first test piece and the second test piece; emitting an incident light beam through a laser emitting device, enabling the incident light beam to sequentially penetrate through a polarizer and different positions of an incident light surface of the first test piece or the second test piece, and recording the positions of different laser points of refracting light surfaces of the first test piece and the second test piece; calculating volumes v1 and v1'formed inside the first test piece without applying the pre-tightening force according to a solid figure formed by a connecting line of the incidence point and the emergence point, and obtaining a light transmittance coefficient k1 of the first test piece material; applying a pre-tightening force to the second test piece; calculating volumes v2 and v2'of the second test piece formed in the interior where the pre-tightening force is applied according to a solid figure formed by a connecting line of the incidence point and the emergence point, and obtaining a light transmittance coefficient k2 of the second test piece material; and calculating to obtain the spatial diffusion range eta of the pre-tightening force.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for determining the pre-tightening force range of rock-like materials, and particularly to a test method and system for the effective distribution range of bolt pre-tightening force. Background Art

[0002] Rocks have experienced long geological tectonic actions, and coupled with the relatively complex geological conditions where the rocks are located, it is difficult to obtain original rock samples. Physical similarity model tests are commonly used research methods and are also important means for geotechnical scientists to solve related complex engineering problems. Currently, in order to overcome the opacity and invisibility of traditional rock mass similarity materials, relevant scholars have invented transparent rock mass similarity materials to replace traditional rock mass similarity materials.

[0003] The characteristics of rock-like transparent materials are low raw material costs, simple production processes, easy adjustment of test conditions and schemes, and can reflect the physical and mechanical properties of rocks to a certain extent. Therefore, relevant research on rock-like materials can be carried out to replace rock materials.

[0004] The traditional method for determining the pre-tightening force range of rock-like transparent material specimens is to detect the pre-tightening force range by embedding some strain gauges or sensors during the production process. This not only causes original damage to the specimens, is prone to stress concentration, and it is difficult to obtain the expected results, but also the arrangement of strain gauges is prone to deviation during the specimen production process, thus affecting the test results.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a test method and system for the effective distribution range of bolt pre-tightening force. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This solution aims at the problems and requirements mentioned above, and proposes a test method and system for the effective distribution range of bolt pre-tightening force. Due to the following technical features, the above technical objectives can be achieved, and many other technical effects can be brought.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to propose a test method for the effective distribution range of bolt pre-tightening force, including the following steps:

[0008] S10: Select a suitable epoxy resin as the aggregate and water as the binder, and mix the aggregate and the binder according to a specified ratio to make at least two transparent specimens of the same size; wherein, at least one of the specimens without a drilled hole is the first specimen, and at least another specimen with a drilled hole is the second specimen;

[0009] S20: Place at least two test pieces in a curing box for curing to make their light transmittance good. Emit an incident light beam through a laser emitting device, successively pass through a polarizer and different positions on the incident light surface of the first test piece or the second test piece, and record the positions of different laser points on the refraction light surfaces of the first test piece and the second test piece; wherein, the projection of the drilled hole in the direction of the incident light beam overlaps with the incident light surface or the refraction light surface of the second test piece.

[0010] S30: Calculate the volumes v1 and v2 formed inside the first test piece and the second test piece according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point and the exit point, wherein, v1 is the volume formed when the light beam does not deflect, and v2 is the volume formed when the light beam does not deflect.

[0011] S40: Uniformly apply a layer of graphene powder on the refraction light surfaces of the first test piece and the second test piece respectively. Emit an incident light beam through a laser emitting device, successively pass through a polarizer and different positions on the incident light surface of the first test piece, and record the positions of different laser points on the refraction light surface of the first test piece.

[0012] S50: Calculate the volume v1′ formed inside the first test piece without applying a pre-tightening force according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point and the exit point, wherein, v1′ is the volume formed when the light beam deflects; and combine with the volume v1 formed when the light beam does not deflect to obtain the light transmittance coefficient k1 of the material of the first test piece.

[0013] S60: Apply a pre-tightening force to the second test piece. Emit an incident light beam through a laser emitting device, successively pass through a polarizer and different positions on the incident light surface of the second test piece, and record the positions of the same laser points on the refraction light surface of the second test piece, and at the same time ensure the integrity of the graphene powder coating on the refraction light surface of the second test piece.

[0014] S70: Calculate the volume v2′ formed inside the second test piece when the pre-tightening force is applied according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point and the exit point, wherein, v2′ is the volume formed when the light beam deflects, and combine with the volume v2 formed when the light beam does not deflect to obtain the light transmittance coefficient k2 of the material of the second test piece, and obtain the total volume v of the second test piece.

[0015] S80: Calculate the spatial diffusion range η of the pre-tightening force based on the light transmittance coefficients k1 and k2 of the first test piece and the second test piece, the volume v2′ of the second test piece after applying the pre-tightening force, and the total volume v of the second test piece.

[0016] In addition, according to the test method and system for the effective distribution range of the bolt pre-tightening force of the present invention, the following technical features may also be included:

[0017] In an example of the present invention, in the step S10, it further includes: preliminarily performing a laser penetration test on the test piece to determine whether it has good light transmission characteristics. If so, proceed to the next step; otherwise, continue to prepare the test piece to preliminarily screen out the first test piece and the second test piece with good light transmission characteristics.

[0018] In an example of the present invention, in the steps S40 and S60, the specific steps for the laser emission device to emit an incident light beam passing through the first test piece or the second test piece are as follows:

[0019] By adjusting the polarizing mirror, make the incident light beam pass through the calibration position coordinate point on the incident light surface of the first test piece or the second test piece;

[0020] When the color of the graphene powder on the refraction light surface of the first test piece or the second test piece significantly changes, promptly draw a graph to record the position coordinates of the exit point, and then perform the transmission process operation at the position of the next point until all coordinate points are tested;

[0021] Record and draw the position coordinates of the exit point on the refraction light surface of the first test piece or the second test piece.

[0022] In an example of the present invention, in the step S50, the expression of the light transmission coefficient k1 of the first test piece material is:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, v1′ is the volume formed inside the first test piece without applying a pre-tightening force, and v1 is the volume formed inside the first test piece without applying a pre-tightening force.

[0025] In an example of the present invention, in the step S70, the expression of the light transmission coefficient k2 of the second test piece material is:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, v2′ is the volume formed inside the second test piece without applying a pre-tightening force, and v2 is the volume formed inside the second test piece without applying a pre-tightening force.

[0028] In an example of the present invention, in the step S80, the expression of the spatial diffusion range η of the pre-tightening force is:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, k1 is the light transmission coefficient of the first test piece material, k2 is the light transmission coefficient of the second test piece material, v2 is the volume formed inside the second test piece without applying a pre-tightening force, v is the total volume of the second test piece, and λ is the environmental coefficient.

[0031] Another object of the present invention is to provide a test system for the effective distribution range of the pre-tightening force of an anchor rod, comprising:

[0032] A specimen manufacturing device configured to select a suitable epoxy resin as the aggregate and water as the binder, and mix the aggregate and the binder according to a specified ratio to make at least two transparent specimens of the same size; wherein, at least one of the specimens has no drilled hole as the first specimen, and at least another specimen has a drilled hole formed as the second specimen;

[0033] A first laser test device configured to place at least two specimens in a curing box to cure them to have good light transmittance, emit an incident light beam through a laser emitting device, sequentially penetrate a polarizer, and different positions on the incident light surface of the first specimen or the second specimen, and record the positions of different laser points on the refraction light surface of the first specimen and the second specimen; wherein, the projection of the drilled hole in the direction of the incident light beam overlaps with the incident light surface or the refraction light surface of the second specimen;

[0034] A volume calculation device configured to calculate the volumes v1 and v2 formed inside the first specimen and the second specimen according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point and the exit point, wherein, v1 is the volume formed when the light beam does not deflect, and v2 is the volume formed when the light beam does not deflect;

[0035] A second laser test device configured to evenly apply a layer of graphene powder on the refraction light surfaces of the first specimen and the second specimen respectively, emit an incident light beam through a laser emitting device, sequentially penetrate a polarizer, and different positions on the incident light surface of the first specimen, and record the positions of different laser points on the refraction light surface of the first specimen;

[0036] A first specimen calculation device configured to calculate the volume v1' formed inside the first specimen without applying pre-tightening force according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point and the exit point, wherein, v1' is the volume formed when the light beam deflects; and combine with the volume v1 formed when the light beam does not deflect to obtain the light transmittance coefficient k1 of the first specimen material;

[0037] A third laser test device configured to apply a pre-tightening force to the second specimen, emit an incident light beam through a laser emitting device, sequentially penetrate a polarizer, and different positions on the incident light surface of the second specimen, and record the positions of different laser points on the refraction light surface of the second specimen, while ensuring the integrity of the graphene powder coating on the refraction light surface of the second specimen;

[0038] The second specimen calculation device is configured to calculate the volume v2' formed inside the second specimen under the application of a pre-tightening force according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point and the exit point, where v2' is the volume formed by the deflection of the light beam, and in combination with the volume v2 formed when the light beam does not deflect, obtain the light transmittance coefficient k2 of the second specimen material, and obtain the total volume v of the second specimen;

[0039] The diffusion range calculation device is configured to calculate the spatial diffusion range η of the pre-tightening force based on the light transmittance coefficients k1 and k2 of the first specimen and the second specimen, the volume v2' of the second specimen after applying the pre-tightening force, and the total volume v of the second specimen.

[0040] In an example of the present invention, the specimen manufacturing device further includes: a judgment unit configured to initially perform a laser penetration test on the specimen to judge whether it has good light transmittance characteristics. If so, proceed to the next step; otherwise, continue to prepare the specimen to initially screen out the first specimen and the second specimen with good light transmittance characteristics.

[0041] In an example of the present invention, both the second laser test device and the third laser test device include:

[0042] The incident positioning unit is configured to make the incident light beam pass through the calibration position coordinate point of the incident light surface of the first specimen or the second specimen by adjusting the polarizing mirror;

[0043] The position coordinate unit is configured to, when the color of the graphene powder on the refraction light surface of the first specimen or the second specimen significantly changes, promptly draw a graph to record the position coordinates of the exit point, and then perform the transmission process operation at the position of the next point until all coordinate points have been tested;

[0044] The recording and drawing unit is configured to record and draw the position coordinates of the exit point on the refraction light surface of the first specimen or the second specimen.

[0045] In an example of the present invention, the expression of the spatial diffusion range η of the pre-tightening force is:

[0046]

[0047] In the formula, k1 is the light transmittance coefficient of the first specimen material, k2 is the light transmittance coefficient of the second specimen material, v2 is the volume formed inside the second specimen without applying the pre-tightening force, v is the total volume of the second specimen, and λ is the environmental coefficient.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] (1) The present invention avoids the original damage caused by embedding strain gauges or pressure sensors during the production of rock-like transparent specimens, making the test results closer to those of real rock specimens.

[0050] (2) Since the present invention quantifies the spatial diffusion range of the pre-tightening force by transmitting light beams through the specimen based on the optical effect, a layer of graphene powder is evenly smeared on the refractive light surface of the specimen. When the graphene powder is irradiated by blue light or ultraviolet light beams, the electrons in the graphene will undergo transitions and energy changes, and these changes will be reflected in the color of the graphene. The position of the refracted light beam can be determined by the color change of the graphene powder before (grayish black) and after (emerald green), and its area and volume can be obtained, and then the spatial diffusion range of the pre-tightening force can be deduced inversely.

[0051] (3) Since the present invention calculates the internal force condition of the rock-like transparent specimen based on the volume change and takes into account the environmental coefficient, the magnitude of the pre-tightening force applied in the experiment can be obtained more accurately and directly.

[0052] In the following, the optimal embodiments of implementing the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to facilitate the understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Among them, the drawings are only used to show some embodiments of the present invention, rather than limiting all embodiments of the present invention thereto.

[0054] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of a transparent specimen according to an embodiment of the present invention

[0055] Figure 2 Schematic diagram for solving the incident light surface area s1 of the first specimen according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 For Figure 1 Left view of

[0057] Figure 4 Schematic diagram for solving the incident light surface area s2 of the second specimen according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 For Figure 4 Left view of

[0059] Figure 6 Structural schematic diagram of the first specimen without pre-tightening force test according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 7 Schematic diagram for solving the refractive light surface area s1' of the first specimen according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 8 is Figure 7 the right view of;

[0062] Figure 9 is the structural schematic diagram of the second test piece according to the embodiment of the present invention without performing the pre-tightening force test;

[0063] Figure 10 is the schematic diagram for solving the refraction light surface area s2' of the second test piece according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 11 is Figure 10 the right view of.

[0065] List of reference numerals:

[0066] transparent test piece 100;

[0067] first test piece 10;

[0068] second test piece 20;

[0069] drilled hole 30;

[0070] bolt 40;

[0071] tray 50;

[0072] incident light surface 101;

[0073] refraction light surface 102;

[0074] incident point 103;

[0075] exit point 104;

[0076] laser emission device 200;

[0077] polarizer 300. Detailed implementation manners

[0078] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the technical solutions of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same components. It should be noted that the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0079] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meanings as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first", "second" and similar terms used in the specification and claims of this patent application for invention do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, terms such as "a" or "an" do not necessarily denote a quantity limitation. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the elements or items appearing before this term cover the elements or items listed after this term and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or items. Terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0080] A test method for the effective distribution range of the pre-tightening force of an anchor rod according to the first aspect of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0081] S10: Select a suitable epoxy resin as the aggregate and water as the binder, and mix the aggregate and the binder in a specified ratio to make at least two transparent specimens 100 of the same size; wherein, at least one of the specimens is not drilled to form a first specimen 10, and at least one of the other specimens is drilled to form a second specimen 20;

[0082] S20: Place at least two specimens in a curing box to cure them to have good light transmittance. The laser emitting device 200 emits an incident light beam, which successively passes through different positions of the polarizer 300 and the incident light surface 101 of the first specimen 10 or the second specimen 20, and records the positions of different laser points on the refraction light surface 102 of the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20; wherein, the projection of the drill hole 30 in the direction of the incident light beam overlaps with the incident light surface 101 or the refraction light surface 102 of the second specimen 20;

[0083] S30: Calculate the volumes v1 and v2 formed inside the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20 according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point 103 and the exit point 104, wherein, v1 is the volume formed when the light beam does not deflect, and v2 is the volume formed when the light beam does not deflect;

[0084] S40: Uniformly apply a layer of graphene powder on the refraction light surface 102 of the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20 respectively. The laser emitting device 200 emits an incident light beam, which successively passes through different positions of the polarizer 300 and the incident light surface 101 of the first specimen 10, and records the positions of different laser points on the refraction light surface 102 of the first specimen 10;

[0085] S50: Calculate the volume v1' formed inside the first specimen 10 without applying a pre-tightening force according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point 103 and the exit point 104, where v1' is the volume formed by the deflection of the light beam; and combine the volume v1 formed when the light beam does not deflect to obtain the light transmittance coefficient k1 of the material of the first specimen 10.

[0086] S60: Apply a pre-tightening force to the second specimen 20, emit an incident light beam through the laser emitting device 200, successively penetrate different positions of the polarization mirror 300 and the incident light surface 101 of the second specimen 20, and record the positions of different laser points on the refraction light surface 102 of the second specimen 20, while ensuring the integrity of the graphene powder coating on the refraction light surface 102 of the second specimen 20.

[0087] S70: Calculate the volume v2' formed inside the second specimen 20 when the pre-tightening force is applied according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point 103 and the exit point 104, where v2' is the volume formed by the deflection of the light beam, and combine the volume v2 formed when the light beam does not deflect to obtain the light transmittance coefficient k2 of the material of the second specimen 20, and obtain the total volume v of the second specimen 20.

[0088] S80: Calculate the spatial diffusion range η of the pre-tightening force based on the light transmittance coefficients k1 and k2 of the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20, the volume v2' of the second specimen 20 after applying the pre-tightening force, and the total volume v of the second specimen 20.

[0089] This testing method avoids the original damage caused by embedding strain gauges or pressure sensors during the production of the rock-like transparent specimen 100, making the test results closer to those of real rock specimens; since this testing method quantifies the spatial diffusion range of the pre-tightening force by transmitting the light beam based on the optical effect, a layer of graphene powder is evenly smeared on the refraction light surface 102 of the specimen. Under the irradiation of a blue light or ultraviolet light beam, the electrons in the graphene will undergo transitions and energy changes, and these changes will be reflected in the color of the graphene. The position of the refracted light beam can be determined through the color change of the graphene powder before (grayish black) and after (emerald green), and its area and volume can be obtained, and then the spatial diffusion range of the pre-tightening force can be deduced; since this testing method calculates the internal stress situation of the rock-like transparent specimen 100 based on volume changes and takes into account the environmental coefficient, the magnitude of the pre-tightening force applied in the experiment can be directly obtained more accurately.

[0090] In an example of the present invention, in the step S10, it further includes: preliminarily performing a laser penetration test on the specimen to determine whether it has good light transmission characteristics. If so, proceed to the next step; otherwise, continue to prepare the specimen to preliminarily screen out the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20 with good light transmission characteristics.

[0091] In an example of the present invention, in the steps S40 and S60, the laser emission device 200 emits an incident light beam passing through the first specimen 10 or the second specimen 20, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0092] By adjusting the polarizer 300, the incident light beam passes through the calibration position coordinate point of the incident light surface 101 of the first specimen 10 or the second specimen 20;

[0093] When the color of the graphene powder on the refraction light surface 102 of the first specimen 10 or the second specimen 20 significantly changes, promptly draw a graph to record the position coordinates of the exit point, and then perform the transmission process operation at the position of the next point until all coordinate points are tested;

[0094] Record and draw the position coordinates of the exit point of the refraction light surface 102 of the first specimen 10 or the second specimen 20.

[0095] In an example of the present invention, in the step S50, the expression of the light transmission coefficient k1 of the material of the first specimen 10 is:

[0096]

[0097] In the formula, v1′ is the volume formed inside the first specimen 10 without applying a pre-tightening force, and v1 is the volume formed inside the first specimen 10 without applying a pre-tightening force.

[0098] In an example of the present invention, in the step S70, the expression of the light transmission coefficient k2 of the material of the second specimen 20 is:

[0099]

[0100] In the formula, v2′ is the volume formed inside the second specimen 20 without applying a pre-tightening force, and v2 is the volume formed inside the second specimen 20 without applying a pre-tightening force.

[0101] In an example of the present invention, in the step S80, the expression of the spatial diffusion range η of the pre-tightening force is:

[0102]

[0103] In the formula, k1 is the light transmittance coefficient of the material of the first specimen 10, k2 is the light transmittance coefficient of the material of the second specimen 20, v2 is the volume formed inside the second specimen 20 without applying a pre-tightening force, v is the total volume of the second specimen 20, and λ is the environmental coefficient.

[0104] A test system for the effective distribution range of the pre-tightening force of an anchor rod according to the second aspect of the present invention includes:

[0105] A specimen manufacturing device configured to select a suitable epoxy resin as the aggregate and water as the binder, and mix the aggregate and the binder according to a specified ratio to make at least two transparent specimens 100 of the same size; wherein, at least one of the specimens is not drilled to form the first specimen 10, and at least one of the other specimens is drilled to form the second specimen 20;

[0106] A first laser test device configured to cure at least two specimens in a curing box to make their light transmittance good, emit an incident beam through a laser emitting device 200, sequentially penetrate different positions of a polarizing mirror 300 and the incident light surface 101 of the first specimen 10 or the second specimen 20, and record the positions of different laser points on the refraction light surface 102 of the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20; wherein, the projection of the drill hole 30 in the direction of the incident beam overlaps with the incident light surface 101 or the refraction light surface 102 of the second specimen 20;

[0107] A volume calculation device configured to calculate the volumes v1 and v2 formed inside the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20 according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connection line of the incident point 103 and the exit point 104, wherein, v1 is the volume formed when the light beam does not deflect, and v2 is the volume formed when the light beam does not deflect;

[0108] A second laser test device configured to evenly apply a layer of graphene powder on the refraction light surface 102 of the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20 respectively, emit an incident beam through a laser emitting device 200, sequentially penetrate different positions of the incident light surface 101 of the first specimen 10, and record the positions of different laser points on the refraction light surface 102 of the first specimen 10;

[0109] A first specimen calculation device configured to calculate the volume v1' formed inside the first specimen 10 without applying a pre-tightening force according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connection line of the incident point 103 and the exit point 104, wherein, v1' is the volume formed when the light beam deflects; and combine the volume v1 formed when the light beam does not deflect to obtain the light transmittance coefficient k1 of the material of the first specimen 10;

[0110] The third laser test device is configured to apply a pre-tightening force to the second specimen 20, emit an incident light beam through the laser emission device 200, successively penetrate different positions of the polarization mirror 300 and the incident light surface 101 of the second specimen 20, and record the positions of different laser points on the refraction light surface 102 of the second specimen 20, while ensuring the integrity of the graphene powder coating on the refraction light surface 102 of the second specimen 20;

[0111] The second specimen calculation device is configured to calculate the volume v2' formed inside the second specimen 20 under the application of the pre-tightening force according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connection line of the incident point 103 and the exit point 104. Among them, v2' is the volume formed by the deflection of the light beam, and by combining the volume v2 formed when the light beam does not deflect, the light transmittance coefficient k2 of the material of the second specimen 20 is obtained, and the total volume v of the second specimen 20 is obtained;

[0112] The diffusion range calculation device is configured to calculate the spatial diffusion range η of the pre-tightening force based on the light transmittance coefficients k1 and k2 of the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20, the volume v2' of the second specimen 20 after applying the pre-tightening force, and the total volume v of the second specimen 20.

[0113] This test system avoids the original damage caused by embedding strain gauges or pressure sensors during the production process of the rock-like transparent specimen 100, making the test results closer to those of real rock specimens; since this test system quantifies the spatial diffusion range of the pre-tightening force by transmitting the light beam based on the optical effect, a layer of graphene powder is evenly smeared on the refraction light surface 102 of the specimen. Under the irradiation of a blue light or ultraviolet light beam, the electrons in the graphene will undergo transitions and energy changes, and these changes will be reflected in the color of the graphene. The position of the refraction light beam can be determined by the color change of the graphene powder before (grayish black) and after (emerald green), and its area and volume can be obtained, and then the spatial diffusion range of the pre-tightening force can be deduced; since this test system calculates the internal force condition of the rock-like transparent specimen 100 based on the volume change, and considering the environmental coefficient, the magnitude of the pre-tightening force applied in the experiment can be directly obtained more accurately.

[0114] In an example of the present invention, the specimen production device further includes: a judgment unit, which is configured to perform a preliminary laser penetration test on the specimen to judge whether it has good light transmission characteristics. If so, proceed to the next step; otherwise, continue to prepare the specimen to preliminarily screen out the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20 with good light transmission characteristics.

[0115] In an example of the present invention, both the second laser test device and the third laser test device include:

[0116] The incident positioning unit is configured to make the incident light beam pass through the calibration position coordinate point on the incident light surface 101 of the first specimen 10 or the second specimen 20 by adjusting the polarizing mirror 300;

[0117] The position coordinate unit is configured to, after the color of the graphene powder on the refraction light surface 102 of the first specimen 10 or the second specimen 20 significantly changes, promptly draw a graph to record the position coordinates of the exit point, and then perform the transmission process operation at the position of the next point until all coordinate points are tested;

[0118] The recording and drawing unit is configured to record and draw the position coordinates of the exit point on the refraction light surface 102 of the first specimen 10 or the second specimen 20.

[0119] In an example of the present invention, the expression of the spatial diffusion range η of the pre-tightening force is:

[0120]

[0121] In the formula, k1 is the light transmittance coefficient of the material of the first specimen 10, k2 is the light transmittance coefficient of the material of the second specimen 20, v2 is the volume formed inside the second specimen 20 without applying the pre-tightening force, v is the total volume of the second specimen 20, and λ is the environmental coefficient.

[0122] Specific case

[0123] The implementation case takes the target specimen size of 100mm×100mm×100mm as an example;

[0124] S1. As Figure 1 shown, select oxygen resin as the aggregate and water as the binder, and pour and make 2 specimens with side lengths of 100mm×100mm×100mm; before adding the raw materials into the mold, a release agent needs to be evenly applied inside the mold to facilitate subsequent demolding work. After standing at room temperature for 24H, observe the coagulation film situation on the surface of the specimen. After determining that it is initially cured and reaches the demolding condition, perform demolding to obtain the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20; among them, in one of the two specimens, use drilling equipment 30 to drill a hole with a diameter of 15mm and a depth of 75mm to form the second specimen 20. Among them, during the drilling process, special attention needs to be paid to the hole diameter direction and depth;

[0125] S2. Initially perform a laser penetration test on the obtained first specimen 10 and second specimen 20 to see if they have good light transmission characteristics. If so, proceed to the next test; otherwise, it is not possible. Initially screen out the first specimen 10 and the second specimen 20 with good light transmission characteristics;

[0126] S3. Cure the qualified test specimens obtained above under the conditions of a temperature of 20 ± 2°C for 7 days. During this process, avoid the influence of external forces and high-temperature environments on the test specimens to obtain the target test specimens. At this time, it is considered that the interior of the test specimens is homogeneous and has good light transmission characteristics;

[0127] S4. Before the first test specimen 10 is subjected to the pre-tightening force test, determine the area after connecting the positions of different incident points 103 on the incident light surface 101 of the test specimen. Among them, 7 test position points are selected, which are roughly distributed in a "U" shape. The spacing is 30 mm in the same row and column. The specific positions are as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown. It can be known that: s1 = 60 × 60 = 3600 mm 2 , v1 = s1 × h1 = 3600 × 100 = 360000 mm 3 ;

[0128] S5. Before the second test specimen 20 is subjected to the laser transmission test, determine the area after connecting the positions of different incident points 103 on the incident light surface 101 of the test specimen. Among them, 7 test position points are selected, which are roughly distributed in a "U" shape. The spacing is 30 mm in the same row and column. The specific positions are as Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown. It can be known that: s2 = 60 × 60 = 3600 mm 2 , v2 = s2 × h2 = 3600 × 100 = 360000 mm 3 ;

[0129] S6. Homogeneously apply a layer of graphene powder to the refraction light surfaces 102 of the first test specimen 10 and the second test specimen 20 in the above steps so as to capture the positions of the refracted light beams on the refraction light surfaces 102;

[0130] S7. To obtain the light transmittance coefficient k1 of the transparent first test specimen 10 before the pre-tightening force experiment, place the target test specimen on a suitable platform, and place a polarizing mirror 300 and a laser emitting device in front of the transparent test specimen 100. The specific positions of the equipment in the process are as Figure 6 shown;

[0131] S8. Among them, the function of the polarizing mirror 300 is to enable the light beam to vertically enter the transparent material at the specific point positions on the incident light surface 101. Adjust the light beam of the laser emitting device to ultraviolet light so that the intensity is such that it can penetrate the transparent material,

[0132] S9. By adjusting the polarizing mirror 300, make the incident light beam vertically enter the transparent test specimen 100 at the 7 position coordinate points selected in step S4 above;

[0133] S10. After the color of the graphene powder on the refractive light surface 102 of the transparent first specimen 10 significantly changes, promptly draw a graph to record the position coordinates of the exit points, and then conduct the transmission process at the position of the next point until all coordinate points have been tested;

[0134] S11. After completing the above step S10, record and draw the position coordinates of the exit points on the refractive light surface 102, as Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown;

[0135] S12. As Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, by connecting the relevant point coordinates, obtain the area s1' = 3241 mm 2 , v1' = s1' × h1 = 3241 × 100 = 324100 mm 3 ;

[0136] S13. Calculate and obtain the light transmittance coefficient

[0137] S14. To obtain the light transmittance coefficient k2 of the second specimen 20 after the pre-tightening force experiment, place the second specimen 20 on a suitable platform, and a polarizing mirror 300 and a laser emission device are placed in front of the second specimen 20. The specific positions of the equipment in the process are as Figure 9 shown

[0138] S15. The function of adjusting the polarizing mirror 300 is to enable the light beam to perpendicularly enter the transparent material at a specific point position on the incident light surface 101. Adjust the light beam of the laser emission device to ultraviolet light so that it can pass through the transparent material and the intensity is such that it can penetrate the transparent material;

[0139] S16. Select anchor bolts 40 and trays 50 with appropriate diameters and conduct a pre-tightening force test on the second specimen 20,

[0140] S17. After completing the above steps, by adjusting the polarizing mirror 300, make the incident light beam perpendicularly enter the second specimen 20 at the 7 position coordinate points selected in the above step S5 in sequence;

[0141] S18. After completing the above step S17, when the color of the graphene powder on the refractive light surface 102 of the second specimen 20 significantly changes, promptly draw a graph to record the position coordinates of the exit points, and then conduct the transmission process at the position of the next point until all coordinate points have been tested;

[0142] S19. After completing the above step S18, record and draw the position coordinates of the exit points on the refractive light surface 102, as Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown;

[0143] S20. As Figure 10and Figure 11 As shown in Figure 11 , by connecting the relevant point coordinates, the area of the irregular figure is obtained as s2′ = 3432 mm 2 , v2′ = s2′ × h2 = 3432 × 100 = 343200 mm 3 ;

[0144] S21. Calculate and obtain the light transmittance coefficient

[0145] S22. The volume of the transparent second specimen 20 itself can be known from the cube volume calculation formula as v = 100 × 100 × 100 = 1000000 mm 3

[0146] S23. Considering that the value range of the environmental coefficient λ is 0.9 - 1.0, and at this time λ takes 0.95, substitute the parameters obtained in the above steps into the formula:

[0147]

[0148] S24. From the η value in S23, it can be seen that in this example, the diffusion range of the bolt pre - tightening force of the transparent specimen 100 accounts for about 27.98% of the volume of the entire specimen.

[0149] In the above text, the exemplary embodiments of the test method and system for the effective distribution range of bolt pre - tightening force proposed by the present invention are described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art can understand that without departing from the concept of the present invention, various modifications and variations can be made to the above - mentioned specific embodiments, and various combinations can be made to the various technical features and structures proposed by the present invention, without exceeding the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for testing the effective distribution range of anchor bolt preload force, characterized in that: The steps include: S10: selecting a suitable epoxy resin as an aggregate and water as a binder, and mixing the aggregate and the binder in a specified ratio to form at least two transparent test pieces (100) of the same size; wherein at least one of the test pieces has no drill hole (30) formed therein to form a first test piece (10), and at least another of the test pieces has a drill hole (30) formed therein to form a second test piece (20); S20: placing at least two test pieces in a curing box for curing to improve their light transmittance, emitting an incident light beam through a laser emitting device (200), sequentially passing through a polarizing filter (300) and different positions of an incident light surface (101) of a first test piece (10) or a second test piece (20), and recording positions of different laser points on a refracted light surface (102) of the first test piece (10) and a second test piece (20); wherein a projection of the drill hole (30) in the direction of the incident light beam overlaps with the incident light surface (101) or the refracted light surface (102) of the second test piece (20); S30: Calculating the volumes v1 and v2 formed inside the first test piece (10) and the second test piece (20) according to the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point (103) and the exit point (104), wherein v1 is the volume formed when the light beam is not deflected, and v2 is the volume formed when the light beam is not deflected; S40: a layer of graphene powder is uniformly applied on the refractive light surfaces (102) of the first test piece (10) and the second test piece (20), respectively, an incident light beam is emitted through a laser emitting device (200), and the incident light beam sequentially passes through a polarizing filter (300) and different positions of the incident light surface (101) of the first test piece (10), and the positions of different laser points on the refractive light surface (102) of the first test piece (10) are recorded; S50: calculating the volume v1′ formed inside the first test piece (10) when no preload force is applied based on the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point (103) and the exit point (104), wherein v1′ is the volume formed when the light beam is deflected; and calculating the light transmittance k1 of the material of the first test piece (10) in combination with the volume v1 formed when the light beam is not deflected; S60: applying a preload force to the second test piece (20), emitting an incident light beam through a laser emitting device (200), sequentially passing through a polarizing filter (300) and different positions of an incident light surface (101) of the second test piece (20), and recording positions of different laser points on a refracted light surface (102) of the second test piece (20), while ensuring the integrity of the graphene powder coating on the refracted light surface (102) of the second test piece (20); S70: Calculate the volume v2′ formed inside the second test piece (20) when the preload force is applied based on the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point (103) and the exit point (104), wherein v2′ is the volume formed by the deflection of the light beam, and combine it with the volume v2 formed by the non-deflection of the light beam to obtain the light transmittance k2 of the material of the second test piece (20), and obtain the total volume v of the second test piece (20); S80: Calculate the spatial diffusion range η of the preload force based on the transmittance coefficients k1 and k2 of the first test piece (10) and the second test piece (20), the volume v2′ of the second test piece (20) after the preload force is applied, and the total volume v of the second test piece (20).

2. The method for testing the effective distribution range of anchor bolt preload force according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S10, it also includes: performing a preliminary laser penetration test on the specimen to determine whether it has good light transmission characteristics. If so, proceed to the next step; otherwise, continue preparing the specimen to preliminarily screen out the first specimen (10) and the second specimen (20) with good light transmission characteristics.

3. The method for testing the effective distribution range of anchor bolt preload force according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the steps S40 and S60, the laser emitting device (200) emits an incident light beam to penetrate the first test piece (10) or the second test piece (20) and specifically comprises the following steps: By adjusting the polarizer (300), the incident light beam is made to pass through the calibrated position coordinate point of the incident light surface (101) of the first test piece (10) or the second test piece (20); When the color of the graphene powder on the refractive light surface (102) of the first test piece (10) or the second test piece (20) changes significantly, a chart is promptly drawn to record the position coordinates of the emission point, and then the transmission process operation of the next point position is performed until all coordinate points are tested; The position coordinates of the emission point of the refractive light surface (102) of the first test piece (10) or the second test piece (20) are recorded and plotted.

4. The method for testing the effective distribution range of anchor bolt preload force according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S50, the light transmittance k1 of the material of the first test piece (10) is expressed as: In the formula, v1′ is the volume formed inside the first test piece (10) when no preload is applied, and v1 is the volume formed inside the first test piece (10) when no preload is applied.

5. The method for testing the effective distribution range of anchor bolt preload force according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S70, the light transmittance k2 of the material of the second test piece (20) is expressed as: In the formula, v2′ is the volume formed inside the second test piece (20) when no preload is applied, and v2 is the volume formed inside the second test piece (20) when no preload is applied.

6. The method for testing the effective distribution range of anchor bolt preload force according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S80, the expression of the spatial diffusion range η of the preload force is: In the formula, k1 is the light transmittance of the material of the first specimen (10), k2 is the light transmittance of the material of the second specimen (20), v2 is the volume formed inside the second specimen (20) without applying the preload force, v is the total volume of the second specimen (20), and λ is the environmental coefficient.

7. A testing system for the effective distribution range of anchor bolt preload force, characterized in that: include: A test piece making device is configured to select a suitable epoxy resin as an aggregate and water as a binder, and mix the aggregate and the binder in a specified ratio to form at least two transparent test pieces (100) of the same size; wherein at least one of the test pieces has no drill hole (30) formed therein to form a first test piece (10), and at least another of the test pieces has a drill hole (30) formed therein to form a second test piece (20); The first laser test device is configured to place at least two test pieces in a curing box for curing to improve their light transmittance, emit an incident light beam through a laser emitting device (200), sequentially pass through a polarizer (300), and different positions of an incident light surface (101) of a first test piece (10) or a second test piece (20), and record the positions of different laser points on the refracted light surface (102) of the first test piece (10) and the second test piece (20); wherein a projection of the drill hole (30) in the direction of the incident light beam overlaps with the incident light surface (101) or the refracted light surface (102) of the second test piece (20); A volume calculation device is configured to calculate the volumes v1 and v2 formed inside the first test piece (10) and the second test piece (20) according to a three-dimensional figure formed by a connecting line of the incident point (103) and the exit point (104), wherein v1 is the volume formed when the light beam is not deflected, and v2 is the volume formed when the light beam is not deflected; A second laser test device is configured to uniformly apply a layer of graphene powder on the refractive light surfaces (102) of the first test piece (10) and the second test piece (20), respectively, emit an incident light beam through a laser emitting device (200), sequentially pass through a polarizing filter (300) and different positions of the incident light surface (101) of the first test piece (10), and record the positions of different laser points on the refractive light surface (102) of the first test piece (10); The first test piece (10) calculation device is configured to calculate the volume v1′ formed inside the first test piece (10) when no preload force is applied, based on a three-dimensional figure formed by a connecting line between an incident point (103) and an exit point (104), wherein v1′ is a volume formed when the light beam is deflected; and to calculate the light transmittance k1 of the material of the first test piece (10) in combination with the volume v1 formed when the light beam is not deflected; A third laser test device is configured to apply a preload force to the second test piece (20), emit an incident light beam through a laser emitting device (200), sequentially pass through a polarizer (300) and different positions of an incident light surface (101) of the second test piece (20), and record positions of different laser points on a refractive light surface (102) of the second test piece (20), while ensuring the integrity of a graphene powder coating on the refractive light surface (102) of the second test piece (20); The second specimen calculation device is configured to calculate the volume v2′ formed inside the second specimen (20) when the preload force is applied based on the three-dimensional figure formed by the connecting line of the incident point (103) and the exit point (104), wherein v2′ is the volume formed by the deflection of the light beam, and in combination with the volume v2 formed by the non-deflection of the light beam, the light transmittance coefficient k2 of the material of the second specimen (20) is obtained, and the total volume v of the second specimen (20) is obtained; A diffusion range calculation device is configured to calculate the spatial diffusion range η of the preload force based on the transmittance coefficients k1 and k2 of the first test piece (10) and the second test piece (20), the volume v2′ of the second test piece (20) after the preload force is applied, and the total volume v of the second test piece (20).

8. The anchor bolt preload effective distribution range testing system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The test piece preparation device also includes: a judgment unit, which is configured to perform a preliminary laser penetration test on the test piece to determine whether it has good light transmission characteristics. If so, proceed to the next step; otherwise, continue to prepare the test piece to preliminarily screen out a first test piece (10) and a second test piece (20) with good light transmission characteristics.

9. The anchor bolt preload effective distribution range testing system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second laser test device and the third laser test device both include: An incident positioning unit is configured to adjust the polarizer (300) so that the incident light beam passes through a calibrated position coordinate point of the incident light surface (101) of the first test piece (10) or the second test piece (20); A position coordinate unit is configured to promptly draw a chart to record the position coordinates of the emission point when the color of the graphene powder on the refractive light surface (102) of the first test piece (10) or the second test piece (20) obviously changes, and then perform a transmission process operation at the next point position until all coordinate points are tested; The recording and drawing unit is configured to record and draw the position coordinates of the emission point of the refractive light surface (102) of the first test piece (10) or the second test piece (20).

10. The anchor bolt preload effective distribution range testing system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The expression of the spatial diffusion range η of the preload force is: In the formula, k1 is the light transmittance of the material of the first specimen (10), k2 is the light transmittance of the material of the second specimen (20), v2 is the volume formed inside the second specimen (20) without applying the preload force, v is the total volume of the second specimen (20), and λ is the environmental coefficient.

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