Construction and management method and application of forest, grass and poultry coupled ecological system

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing and managing a forest, grass and poultry coupled ecological system, which comprises the following steps of: A, constructing the forest, grass and poultry coupled ecological system, namely selecting a proper forest land, planning the forest land into two regions with similar floor areas, and respectively fencing the two regions; one area is used as a planting area, and the other area is used as a breeding area; b, managing a forest, grass and poultry coupled ecological system, including executing three mutually coupled modules B1, B2 and B3, and timely interchanging planting and breeding areas: B1 a plant planting module; b2, an ecological chicken free-ranging module; and B3, a composting module. The method follows a comprehensive ecological system management principle and a sustainable operation principle, the under-forest space is fully utilized, the soil quality is improved through under-forest free-ranging of ecological chickens, the meat and egg quality is improved through grass planting and chicken feeding, meanwhile, the free-ranging cost is saved, chicken manure is mixed with landscaping waste for composting treatment, forest-grass-poultry reciprocal symbiosis is achieved, and the ecological environment is improved. And ecological benefits and economic benefits of the forest land are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of biotechnology, and particularly to a method for constructing and managing a forest-grass-poultry coupled ecosystem and its application. Background Art

[0002] Under-forest economy is a three-dimensional compound planting and breeding mode that, without affecting the normal growth of forest trees and reducing their ecological functions, relies on forest land and garden land resources, is supported by modern technology, makes full use of the natural conditions under the forest, selects suitable microorganisms (fungi), plants and animals for reasonable planting and breeding, so as to construct a stable ecosystem, realize the biodiversity of forest land organisms and the sharing of agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry resources, and achieve the purpose of complementary advantages and circular development. Developing under-forest economy is of great significance at present. First, developing under-forest economy and making full use of the space resources under the forest can, to a certain extent, alleviate the problem of shortage of land resources faced by the current social and economic development. Second, developing under-forest economy can, to a certain extent, increase income, support forestry with forestry, and is of great significance to improving the ecological environment. Third, developing under-forest economy can produce more diverse green ecological and organic products to meet the growing consumption needs of people.

[0003] The development of under-forest economy mainly includes planting and breeding. Among them, forest-livestock and forest-poultry are relatively promising models in under-forest economy, which can make full use of the space under the forest and provide a vast activity place for poultry and livestock. However, the existing under-forest poultry farming methods often have many problems such as excessive breeding density, unreasonable layout, dirty and messy environment, etc. These problems lead to the destruction of forest land vegetation, the damage of ecological environment quality and low economic benefits. Therefore, a scientific and reasonable green development model that gives priority to forest land ecological protection is needed to achieve a win-win situation for forest land ecology and economy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to solve the many problems existing in current under-forest poultry farming, such as excessive breeding density, unreasonable layout, dirty and messy environment, etc., protect the destruction of forest land vegetation, improve the ecological environment quality and enhance the economic benefits.

[0005] Based on this, the present invention proposes a forest-grass-poultry coupling model that promotes a win-win situation for forest land ecology and economy, aiming to follow the principles of integrated ecosystem management and sustainable operation, make full use of the space under the forest, improve soil quality by free-range ecological chickens, improve the quality of meat and eggs by growing grass to feed chickens, while saving free-range costs, mixing chicken manure with forest land waste for composting treatment, forming a virtuous cycle system of chicken fertilizing the land, the land growing grass, the grass feeding chickens, and the chickens protecting the forest, realizing the mutualistic symbiosis of forest-grass-poultry and the double improvement of forest land ecology and economy.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention first provides a method for constructing and managing a forest-grass-poultry coupled ecosystem, including the following steps: A. Construct a forest-grass-poultry coupled ecosystem, including surveying and selecting suitable forest land, dividing it into two areas with similar floor areas and fencing them separately; using one area as the planting area and the other as the breeding area; B. Manage the forest-grass-poultry coupled ecosystem, including implementing the following three mutually coupled modules B1, B2, and B3, and swapping the planting and breeding areas in a timely manner: B1 Planting module: Plant shade-tolerant herbaceous plants that can be used as forage in the planting area, apply organic fertilizers from the B3 composting module according to the growth requirements of the plants, and directly use them as forage for chickens to eat or make feed after harvesting; B2 Free-range ecological chicken module: Place several movable chicken coops in the breeding area to carry out free-range breeding of ecological chickens. The chickens forage in the forest land, are supplemented with feed daily, and part of the feed can come from the B1 planting module; according to the changes in the soil and vegetation around the chicken coop and the accumulation of chicken manure under the chicken coop, change the placement position of the movable chicken coop to prevent the concentrated activities of the chicken flock from damaging the forest land; the chicken manure is incorporated into the soil after being scratched by the chickens and / or is air-dried and collected for use in the B3 composting module; B3 Composting module: Compost the garden green waste collected from the forest land in the breeding area after adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio with the chicken manure from the B2 free-range ecological chicken module to obtain organic fertilizers; The timely swapping of the planting and breeding areas means that when the herbaceous plants in the planting area grow to be able to withstand the pecking of chickens or when the breeding area has been completely radiated by the movable chicken coops (according to the previous research data, if the radiation area of the chicken coop is imagined as a circle, the radiation radius of the chicken coop is about 25 m), transfer the movable chicken coops and all the free-range chickens in the breeding area to the planting area, the planting area becomes the breeding area, and at the same time the breeding area becomes the planting area.

[0007] In the above method, for the selection of suitable forest land, select forest land with a slope not higher than 25°, forest canopy density not higher than 0.7, height of branches below the trees not lower than 1.2 m, relatively open understory space, no water accumulation, and the forest land soil is sandy soil or loam soil, with soil pH between 6.0 - 9.0, soil water content lower than 60%, and porosity lower than 40%.

[0008] In the above method, the area of the area is determined according to the standard that the breeding density of free-range ecological chickens is not higher than 40 per mu.

[0009] In the above method, for the fencing, use a rigid net with a height of 120 - 200 cm and a mesh diameter of 2.0 - 4.0 cm. The rigid net can be selected from any one or more of plastic nets, nickel-chromium nets, galvanized nets, etc.

[0010] In the above method, for the construction of the forest-grass-poultry coupled ecosystem in step A, it also includes configuring water for the forest land.

[0011] In the above method, the herbaceous plants in the B1 plant planting module are selected as shade-tolerant plants, and specifically, one or more of shade-tolerant plants such as chicory, alfalfa, and red fescue can be selected.

[0012] In the above method, for the free-range breeding of ecological chickens in the B2 ecological chicken free-range module, it also includes domestication of the chicken flock before starting the breeding until more than 95% of the chickens can independently return to the movable chicken coop to perch before starting the breeding.

[0013] In the above method, for the free-range breeding of ecological chickens in the B2 ecological chicken free-range module, it is carried out according to the following process: Open the coop door after dawn every day, provide drinking water, and let the chickens move freely and feed in the breeding area, and conduct supplementary feeding once in the afternoon; after dark every evening, the chickens return to the movable chicken coop to perch, and the coop door is closed.

[0014] In the above method, for the supplementary feeding, the amount of supplementary feeding is determined according to the body size of the chickens and the actual situation of the food resources in the forest land. The optional amount of supplementary feeding is 60 - 100 g per chicken per day.

[0015] In the above method, for the provision of drinking water, the water supply can be 100 - 150 g per chicken per day.

[0016] In the above method, for the replacement of the placement position of the movable chicken coop, it can be carried out regularly, such as moving the movable chicken coop 3 - 5 m every 7 days.

[0017] In the above method, the movable chicken coop in the B2 ecological chicken free-range module can adopt various multi-layer and movable chicken coops in the prior art, and more preferably a movable multi-layer chicken coop. Specifically, the following movable multi-layer laying hen coop can be selected, including: A frame, which is set as a multi-layer box type; egg outlets are opened on the side walls at both ends of each layer of the frame; A coop door, which is opened and closed and installed on the side wall of the frame; Wheels, which are rotatably installed at the bottom of the frame; A wire mesh rack, which is installed inside the frame; the space inside the frame is vertically divided into at least two layered spaces by the wire mesh rack; the end of the wire mesh rack inclines downward and extends out of the frame through the egg outlet, and an egg bin is arranged at the end of the wire mesh rack; A sewage collection funnel, which is installed in the layered space, and the bottom end of the sewage collection funnel in the upper layered space is arranged above the top end of the sewage collection funnel in the lower layered space; the layered space is horizontally divided into a perching and egg-laying room by the sewage collection funnel.

[0018] Preferably, an egg bin cover is arranged on the egg bin.

[0019] Preferably, one end of the egg storage cover is rotatably connected to the side wall of the frame, and the bottom end of the other end of the egg storage cover contacts the top edge of the egg storage.

[0020] Preferably, the egg storage cover is arranged as an inclined plate that slopes downward toward the other end.

[0021] Preferably, a ladder is arranged inside the frame, and adjacent layered spaces are connected by the ladder.

[0022] Preferably, the shed doors are respectively installed at the middle positions of the left and right side walls of the frame, and egg outlets are respectively opened on the front and rear side walls; the ladder is arranged in the middle of the frame, and the step width of the ladder is along the left - right direction; slopes that slope downward are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the net rack, and the front and rear ends of the net rack respectively extend out of the frame through the egg outlets; sewage collection funnels are respectively arranged on both sides of the ladder.

[0023] Preferably, a ceiling is arranged on the top of the frame.

[0024] Preferably, a water storage room is arranged inside the ceiling.

[0025] Preferably, the top end of the sewage collection funnel is connected to the bottom surface of the upper layer of the layered space.

[0026] Preferably, the wheels are arranged in four and are distributed in a rectangle; the net racks are arranged in at least two and are distributed vertically; one end of the shed door is rotatably connected to the side wall of the frame, and the other end is opened and closed with the side wall of the frame through a door lock.

[0027] In the above - mentioned method, the landscaping waste in the B3 composting module is tree branches, fallen leaves, etc.

[0028] In the above - mentioned method, the landscaping waste in the B3 composting module needs to be crushed to a particle size range of 2 - 15 mm before composting, and the water content and carbon - nitrogen ratio are adjusted to the appropriate composting range. Generally, the water content is about 60%, and the carbon - nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 25 - 35:1 by using chicken manure.

[0029] In the above - mentioned method, the timely interchange of the planting and breeding areas means that when the herbaceous plants in the planting area grow to be able to withstand the pecking of chickens, the movable chicken coops and all free - range chickens in the breeding area are transferred to the planting area. The planting area becomes the breeding area, and the B2 free - range chicken module and the B3 composting module are implemented on it. At the same time, the breeding area becomes the planting area, and the B1 plant planting module is implemented on it.

[0030] The present invention also provides the application of the construction and management method of the forest - grass - poultry coupled ecosystem, and the application is any one or more of the following: Y1. Application in protecting forest land vegetation; Y2. Application in improving the ecological environment quality of forest land; Y3. Application in improving the quality of chicken meat and / or eggs; Y4. Application in enhancing economic benefits.

[0031] The present invention has the following advantages: 1. Mutual symbiosis of forest, grass and poultry: The healthy growth of trees provides shade and shelter for the growth of chickens, and at the same time provides a vast free growth space, enabling the chicken flock to enjoy rare animal welfare. (1) The light, temperature, ventilation conditions and vast space under the forest provide an excellent living environment for poultry; the weeds and insects in the forest provide rich food resources for poultry; a large amount of oxygen produced by the photosynthesis of trees promotes the growth of poultry. (2) Chickens move freely under the forest during the day and defecate freely. The chicken manure is mixed into the soil to play a fertilizing role and promote plant growth; chickens like to scratch and play, which plays a role in loosening the soil and preserving soil moisture and promotes the growth of trees. Chickens feed on forest pests and their eggs, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases and promoting the healthy growth of trees. (3) The chicken manure produced by chickens is also collected for forage planting. Chicken manure contains rich nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. These components make chicken manure have high fertilizer efficiency and fertility; there are a large number of microorganisms in chicken manure, which can stimulate soil activity and promote plant growth.

[0032] 2. Ecological priority and green development: Using movable chicken coops to achieve free-range breeding of ecological chickens, promoting the formation of a virtuous cycle of "raising chickens in forest land, chickens producing chicken manure, and manure nourishing forest grass". Chickens play ecological roles such as fertilizing, loosening the soil, and killing insects, improving the soil quality of forest land, promoting the growth of trees and forage, effectively reducing the usage amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in forest land, and saving feed costs. The present invention successfully avoids the ecological risks caused by large-density chicken breeding, reasonably conducts regional planning, controls the free-range density, uses the site in a mobile and cyclic manner, and tries to achieve a uniform distribution of the chicken flock at an appropriate density to prevent damage to the forest land caused by excessive density. At the same time, the animal welfare of chickens is guaranteed, and high-quality, ecological, safe and reliable animal food can be produced, which is conducive to creating an ecological chicken brand with good economic benefits and forming a new pattern of win-win benefits for ecological cycle three-dimensional planting and breeding with double improvement of ecological and economic benefits. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1 The layout plan of the demonstration forest land in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 The mutual symbiosis relationship diagram of forest-grass-poultry in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 It is the coupling cycle schematic diagram of forest-grass-poultry in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the movable multi - layer laying hen house adopted in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Markings in the attached drawing: 1. Wheels, 2. Frame, 3. Net rack, 4. Ladder, 5. House door, 6. Door lock, 7. Roof, 8. Roosting and laying room, 9. Sewage collection funnel, 10. Egg storage, 11. Egg storage cover, 12. Water storage room.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the sewage collection funnel of the movable multi - layer laying hen house adopted in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 It is a winter photo of the demonstration forest land in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7 It is the questionnaire in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 8 It is the analysis result of the questionnaire in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Specific Embodiments

[0041] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The embodiments given are only for clarifying the present invention, rather than limiting the scope of the present invention. The following embodiments provided can be used as a guide for those of ordinary skill in the art to make further improvements and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention in any way.

[0042] Embodiment 1 Since March 2024, the applicant has carried out scientific and technological experimental demonstrations of the forest - grass - poultry model in the understory space of the landscape ecological forest in Daxing District Forest Farm, implementing the method for constructing and managing the forest - grass - poultry coupling ecosystem of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Investigation of forest land structure and soil 1.1 Investigation of forest community structure Carry out an investigation of the forest community structure of the test forest land according to the ecological research methods recorded in "Observation, Measurement and Analysis of Terrestrial Biotic Communities". Select plots with an area of not less than 10m × 10m, record environmental factors such as sunlight, temperature, humidity, etc.; investigate the species composition of plants and animals; analyze the spatial distribution pattern of the forest community, including vertical structure and horizontal structure; record and analyze the growth and development of plants and animals, including indicators such as tree height, breast diameter, crown width, and height under the branches.

[0043] In this embodiment, 3 plots of 10m×10m were selected in the demonstration forest land, and the distance between adjacent plots was more than 10m. Data such as sunlight, temperature, and humidity were recorded (the highest temperature was 17°C, the lowest temperature was 5°C, and the relative humidity was 39%). The slope of the selected forest land was below 5°. Through the investigation of the types of animals and plants, the spatial structure of the forest community, and the growth and development of animals and plants, it was found that the forest land was mainly composed of Pinus bungeana, Acer truncatum, Sophora japonica, and Populus tomentosa, with a plant spacing greater than 2m. There were basically no herbaceous plants under the forest, the forest canopy density was 0.5, the tree height of more than 90% of the trees was more than 3m, and the height below the branches was higher than 2m. Occasionally, wild dogs entered the forest land.

[0044] 1.2 Soil Testing According to the method recorded in "Investigation, Observation and Analysis of Terrestrial Biomes", soil samples were taken from the forest land. The standard was that the distance between adjacent sampling points was more than 10m, 3-5 sampling points were set, and the sampling depth was 0-10cm. In this embodiment, the distance between adjacent sampling points was more than 10m, 3 sampling points were set, and the sampling depth was 5 cm.

[0045] After the samples were collected, impurities such as stones and fallen leaves were removed, passed through a 2 mm sieve, air-dried, and then taken back to the laboratory. The pH value of the collected soil samples was measured with a pH meter to be 8.42±0.02, the soil moisture content was measured by the drying method to be 25%±5%, the soil bulk density was measured by the core cutter method to be 1.2±0.05 g / cm 3 , the soil conductivity was measured with a conductivity meter to be 77.4±3.2 µS / cm, the available nitrogen was measured by the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen diffusion method to be 85.2±1.3 mg / kg, the available phosphorus was measured with a UV spectrophotometer to be 37.7 ±2.6 mg / kg, the total carbon and total nitrogen contents were measured with an elemental analyzer to be 1.27%±0.05% and 0.07%±0.00% respectively, the total phosphorus content was measured with an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer to be 766.2±29.7 ppm, and the soil capillary porosity was 35.5%±3.5%.

[0046] Step Two: Site Planning 2.1 Site Selection and Configuration According to the investigation results of Step One, forest land with a slope not higher than 25°, a forest canopy density not higher than 0.7, and a tree height below the branches not lower than 1.2m was selected, requiring an open space under the forest and no water accumulation.

[0047] According to the investigation results of Step One, the forest land in this embodiment is suitable as a demonstration site.

[0048] 2.1.2 Soil Selection According to the investigation results of Step One, considering the soil acidity and alkalinity and nutrient status comprehensively, sandy soil or loam soil with a pH between 6.0-9.0 and a soil moisture content below 60% was preferably selected.

[0049] According to the investigation results of Step 1, the soil of this demonstration forest land is suitable for use as the soil of the demonstration site.

[0050] 2.2 Regional Division The site is divided into two areas: a planting area and a breeding area. The planting area is used for plant cultivation, and the breeding area is used for free-range ecological chickens. Both areas are fenced with plastic nets or nickel-chromium nets or galvanized nets with a height of 120 - 200 cm (mesh diameter 2.0 - 4.0 cm). The size of the area is determined according to the number of free-range ecological chickens, and the breeding density is not higher than 40 chickens per mu.

[0051] As Figure 1 shown, in this embodiment, the demonstration forest land is divided into two areas: a planting area and a breeding area. Each area covers an area of 40 mu. The planting area is used for plant cultivation, and the breeding area is used for free-range ecological chickens. Both areas are fenced with plastic nets with a height of 160 cm and a mesh diameter of 3 cm.

[0052] 2.3 Site Configuration Reasonably configure water and electricity according to the situation around the forest land. Connect water and electricity valves if conditions permit to achieve long-term water and electricity supply. Water is mainly used for watering the planted plants and providing drinking water for the free-range chickens in breeding, and electricity is mainly used for installing monitoring equipment, etc.; if conditions do not permit, only consider the water supply, and configure facilities such as transport vehicles and water storage buckets for the transportation and storage of breeding water and planting water.

[0053] In this embodiment, the original greening water pipeline valve of the demonstration forest land is used to connect a plastic hose for daily water supply to the chicken coop and watering the planting area. An electricity meter is installed by adding to the circuit of the fixed facilities outside the forest land, a socket is connected, and a 24-hour monitoring camera is installed. Additionally, 4 infrared cameras are distributed for wildlife monitoring.

[0054] Step Three: Plant Cultivation Plant shade-tolerant herbaceous plants that can be used as forage in the planting area, such as one or more of plants like chicory, alfalfa, and red fescue. Sow according to the planting requirements of these plants, and water according to the growth needs of the plants after sowing, and apply organic fertilizer (compost from Step Five).

[0055] In this embodiment, chicory, alfalfa, and red fescue are selected in the planting area and planted at the end of March. After planting, regularly observe the seedling situation, water in a timely manner, and apply organic fertilizer (compost from Step Five). The planted herbaceous plants are directly used as forage for chickens to eat or for Step Four.

[0056] Step Four: Free-range Ecological Chickens In the breeding area, a mobile chicken house is used to raise ecological chickens. Before starting breeding, the chickens are domesticated so that more than 95% of the chickens can return to the mobile chicken house to roost on their own. After the breeding begins, the breeders manage them according to the use process of the mobile chicken house. At night, all chickens enter the chicken house to roost. After dawn in the morning, the breeders open the door of the house, and the chickens move freely in the breeding area, eating food resources such as tender leaves of herbaceous plants, insects, and sand. During the free-range period, the chickens are fed once in the afternoon, part of which comes from the plants harvested in step three, and the rest is conventional chicken feed. The amount of supplementary feeding is determined according to the size of the chickens and the actual situation of the food resources in the forest. The recommended amount of supplementary feeding is 60-100g per chicken per day, and the recommended water supply is 100-150g per chicken per day. After dark in the evening, the chickens return to the chicken house to roost, and the breeders close the door and lock it. Repeat the above operations the next day.

[0057] Farmers should pay attention to the changes in the soil and vegetation around the chicken house and the accumulation of chicken manure under the chicken house. They can push the chicken house to a new location as needed or move it at a fixed period. The chicken manure under the chicken house can be quickly integrated into the soil after being scratched by free-range chickens, or it can be collected and used in step three or step five.

[0058] In this embodiment, four movable chicken houses are used in the breeding area to carry out the year-round free-range breeding of ecological chickens. The selected chicken varieties are Beijing oil chicken, black feather chicken and Hailan brown, all of which are hens, mixed breeding, and the selected chickens are about 200 days old, 300 chickens in each chicken house, a total of 1200, and the breeding density is 30 per mu. Before starting breeding, the domestication of the chickens is completed first, so that 99% of the chickens can return to the chicken house to roost independently. After the breeding begins, a fixed staff member completes the feeding and management of ecological chickens. At 7:30 am every day, open the chicken house door, check the water supply pipeline, and fill the 300 kg water tank above the chicken house with water. The chickens move freely under the forest, and feed once at about 3:00 pm (mainly chicory, alfalfa, and red fescue harvested from step three), and the feed dosage is 80g per chicken. Pick up eggs once around 10 am and around 3 pm. After dark in the evening, the chickens return to the chicken coop to roost, close the door, and lock the door. Repeat the above steps the next day.

[0059] Move the movable chicken house 3-5m every 7 days, and bag the chicken manure below the original chicken house after it is air-dried. Apply in step 3 or step 5 according to the plant growth requirements.

[0060] The movable laying hen house of this embodiment is the following movable multi-layer laying hen house (see Figure 4 , Figure 5 ): The movable multi-layer laying hen house used in this embodiment includes a frame 2, a house door 5, wheels 1, a wire rack 3, an egg bin 10, and a sewage collection funnel 9. The frame 2 is set as a multi-layer box type, made of galvanized square pipes, with a size of 2m×3m. An egg outlet is opened on the side wall of the frame 2. The house door 5 is installed on the side wall of the frame 2 in an openable and closable manner. The wheels 1 are rotatably installed at the bottom of the frame 2. The wire rack 3 is installed in the frame 2. The space inside the frame 2 is vertically divided into at least two stratified spaces by the wire rack 3. Two adjacent stratified spaces are connected by a ladder 4. The middle of the wire rack 3 is higher than both ends, that is, its ends are inclined downward and extend out of the frame 2 through the egg outlet, and an egg bin 10 is arranged at the ends of the wire rack 3. The sewage collection funnel 9 is set in a funnel shape. The sewage collection funnel 9 is installed in the stratified space, and the bottom end of the sewage collection funnel 9 in the upper stratified space is arranged above the top end of the sewage collection funnel 9 in the lower stratified space. The stratified space is horizontally divided into a roosting and laying room 8 by the sewage collection funnel 9.

[0061] In the movable multi-layer laying hen house of this embodiment, the interior of the frame 2 is divided into multiple vertically distributed stratified spaces by the wire rack 3, and each stratified space is horizontally divided into a roosting and laying room 8 by the sewage collection funnel 9, thereby forming a three-dimensional space suitable for group farming of free-range chickens. The inclined slope of the wire rack 3 can facilitate the eggs to slide into the egg bin 10 outside the frame 2, which is convenient for collecting eggs. The ladder 4 with an inclined slope facilitates the chickens to move freely between different layers. The sewage collection funnel 9 can facilitate the chicken manure on the wire rack 3 to be discharged from the chicken house, and the wheels 1 can facilitate the movement of the chicken house, which is beneficial to expanding the activity range of the free-range chickens and also convenient for evenly discharging the chicken manure into the soil of the free-range space.

[0062] Among them, because chickens have the nesting habit, they can be domesticated at the beginning of free-range farming. The domesticated chickens will voluntarily enter the chicken house and lay eggs in the roosting and laying room 8.

[0063] Among them, the height of each stratified space can be set to 400 - 500mm according to actual needs. The angle between the wire rack 3 and the horizontal plane can be 3 - 6°.

[0064] As Figure 4 shown, further, an egg bin cover 11 is arranged on the egg bin 10, and one end of the egg bin cover 11 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the frame 2.

[0065] For example, three sides of the outside of the egg bin 10 are provided with enclosing baffles, and one end of the egg bin cover 11 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the frame 2 through a hinge.

[0066] Specifically, the bottom end of the other end of the egg bin cover 11 contacts the top edge of the egg bin 10.

[0067] Specifically, the egg bin cover 11 is set as an inclined plate that slopes downward towards the other end.

[0068] In some other embodiments, the egg bin cover 11 has a concave-shaped structure and is slidably arranged on the egg bin 10. The two side surfaces of the egg bin cover 11 are buckled inside the egg bin 10 and contact the inner walls of the two side walls of the egg bin 10. When taking eggs, pushing the egg bin cover 11 inward can take the eggs; when pulling it outward, the egg bin 10 can be covered.

[0069] Furthermore, a ladder 4 is arranged inside the frame 2, and adjacent stratified spaces are connected by the ladder 4.

[0070] Such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, specifically, shed doors 5 are respectively installed at the middle positions of the left and right side walls of the frame 2, and egg outlets are respectively opened on the front and rear side walls; the ladder 4 is arranged between adjacent two layers of the frame 2, with a slope of 40 - 45°, and the width of the ladder 4 is along the left and right directions; inclined slopes are respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of the wire mesh frame 3, and the front and rear ends of the wire mesh frame 3 respectively extend out of the frame 2 through the egg outlets.

[0071] Among them, the front and rear directions respectively refer to Figure 4 the left and right directions shown, and the left and right directions respectively refer to Figure 5 the left and right directions shown.

[0072] For example, two sewage collection funnels 9 are respectively arranged in the stratified space, and the two sewage collection funnels 9 are respectively arranged on both sides of the ladder 4, so that the stratified space respectively forms a roosting and egg-laying room 8 on the outer sides of the two sewage collection funnels 9; at both ends of the bottom surface of the roosting and egg-laying room 8, that is, the front and rear ends of the wire mesh frame 3 respectively extend out of the frame 2 through the egg outlets and form an egg bin 10.

[0073] The egg bin 10 is formed by the extended wire mesh frame 3 and the frame 2 into a rectangular space, and the egg bin cover 11 is set as a rectangular lid that can rotate up and down and cover the egg bin 10, which can not only protect the eggs from wind, sun and rain, but also prevent small wild animals from entering the chicken coop from here.

[0074] According to the climate conditions of the free-range site, the frame 2 can be made of steel, the wire mesh frame 3 can be made of wire mesh, and the shed door 5 can be made of board.

[0075] Such as Figure 4 As shown, further, a ceiling 7 is arranged at the top of the frame 2. A water storage room 12 is arranged inside the ceiling 7.

[0076] Among them, the ceiling 7 can be set as a pointed roof structure to form the water storage room 12, and a water storage tank or a water storage bag can be placed. A water line can be arranged in the chicken coop and a nipple-type water dispenser can be installed. For example, a water storage tank is placed on the water storage room, the water tank is externally connected to the water line, the water line is bundled on the wire mesh frame 3 with a binding band, and the nipple-type water dispenser is embedded in the water line. The water line can be set as a water pipe.

[0077] Such as Figure 4 andFigure 5 As shown, specifically, the top of the sewage collecting funnel 9 is respectively connected to the bottom surface of the upper layered space, that is, the top of the sewage collecting funnel 9 is connected to the upper grid 3, which is conducive to the chicken manure in the upper sewage collecting funnel 9 falling into the lower sewage collecting funnel 9 in a concentrated and fixed manner, and finally falling to the ground. At the same time, the sewage collecting funnel 9 is connected between the grids 3 on the top surface of the layered space, which plays a role in dividing the layered space and preventing chickens from being overly concentrated in a local area.

[0078] like Figure 4 As shown, specifically, four wheels 1 are provided and distributed in a rectangular shape; at least two grid frames 3 are provided and distributed up and down; one end of the door 5 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the frame 2, and the other end is connected to the side wall of the frame 2 through a door lock 6 for opening and closing.

[0079] In addition, the shed door 5 can also adopt the automatic opening and closing shed door of the prior art, which can automatically open and close the shed door at a fixed time to reduce the labor intensity of the breeding staff.

[0080] For example, if the number of grid frames 3 is five, the frame 2 is divided into four layered spaces from bottom to top. When in use, about six hundred free-range chickens are placed in the chicken house. After dawn in the morning, the breeder opens the door 5, and the chickens in the chicken house walk out of the chicken house, move freely in the free-range space, and eat food resources such as grass seeds and insects. During this period, they can replenish water and feed as needed, and pick up eggs in time; after dark in the evening, the chickens return to the chicken house to roost under the nesting habit, and the breeder closes the door 5 and locks the door lock 6. During use, the breeder pays attention to the changes in the soil, vegetation, etc. around the chicken house and the accumulation of chicken manure under the chicken house, and pushes the chicken house to change its placement as needed, or it can be moved at a fixed period. The chicken manure under the chicken house can be quickly integrated into the soil after being scratched by the free-range chickens, or it can be manually assisted to shovel or mixed into the soil.

[0081] Step 5: Composting of dead branches and leaves In the breeding area, combined with the actual forest land, the tree branches, fallen leaves and other landscaping waste are crushed with a pulverizer to make the particle size range between 2-15 mm. After crushing, adjust the moisture and carbon-nitrogen ratio, add water to control the moisture content at about 60%, and use the chicken manure produced in step 4 to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25-35:1, and then pile it into a pile for open-air fermentation. During the fermentation process, turn the pile and replenish water in time to ensure ventilation and moisture content. Use an automatic temperature and humidity recorder to record the internal temperature of the fermentation pile, and pay attention to adjust the fermentation temperature between 40-65°C until all organic matter has been broken and deformed, bagged for use, and applied in step three according to plant growth needs.

[0082] In this embodiment, at a corner of the breeding area, garden green waste such as tree branches and fallen leaves is crushed by a crusher. The particle size of the crushed waste is 5 mm, and water is added to control the water content to about 60%. The chicken manure generated in step four is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the waste to 30:1. Then, it is piled into a stack with a length × width × height = 1.5 m × 1.5 m × 1 m for open-air fermentation. During the fermentation process, turning the pile and replenishing water are carried out every 10 - 15 days to ensure the ventilation volume and moisture content. An automatic temperature and humidity recorder is used to record the internal temperature of the fermentation pile, and the fermentation temperature is adjusted to about 50 °C until all the organic matter has been finely crushed and deformed, then it is bagged and applied in step three according to the plant growth requirements.

[0083] Step six: Recycling.

[0084] 6.1 Forest-poultry cycle Ecological chicken free-range is carried out under the forest according to step four, and the movable chicken coop is moved regularly or irregularly to drive the chicken flock to transfer accordingly.

[0085] In this embodiment, the movable chicken coop is moved once every 7 days to prevent the concentrated activities of the chicken flock from damaging the forest land.

[0086] 6.2 Planting-breeding cycle When the plants in the planting area grow to a certain height and can tolerate the pecking of chickens, the movable chicken coop and all the free-range chickens in the breeding area are transferred to the planting area, and the planting area becomes the breeding area. The chickens freely feed on the planted forage. The breeding personnel pay attention to observing the changes in the soil, vegetation, etc. around the chicken coop and the accumulation of chicken manure under the chicken coop, and push the chicken coop to change the placement position as needed, or it can also be moved at fixed intervals.

[0087] The original breeding area becomes the planting area, and plant planting is carried out according to step three. When the plants grow to a certain height and can tolerate the pecking of chickens, an exchange is carried out again. After the exchange, the pecked plants can recuperate and gradually resume growth under the action of soil fertility and compensatory growth.

[0088] In this embodiment, when the plants in the planting area grow to more than 20 cm or the breeding area has been completely radiated by the movable chicken coop (according to the previous research data, if the radiation area of the chicken coop is imagined as a circle, the radiation radius of the chicken coop is about 25 m), the movable chicken coop and all the free-range chickens in the breeding area are transferred to the planting area, and the planting area becomes the breeding area.

[0089] The original breeding area becomes the planting area, and plant planting is carried out according to step three. When the plants grow to more than 20 cm or the breeding area has been completely radiated by the movable chicken coop (according to the previous research data, if the radiation area of the chicken coop is imagined as a circle, the radiation radius of the chicken coop is about 25 m), an exchange is carried out again.

[0090] 6.3 Manure Recycling The withered branches and fallen leaves produced by the forest trees are composted through Step 5, and organic fertilizers can be made. When the organic fertilizers are applied to the soil or planting areas, the soil fertility can be improved, the soil quality of the forest land can be enhanced, and the growth of forest trees can be promoted.

[0091] In this embodiment, the forest trees are regularly pruned according to the maintenance plan of the landscape ecological forest, the withered branches and fallen leaves are regularly collected, composted through Step 5 to make organic fertilizers, and the organic fertilizers are applied to the soil or to the planting areas according to the needs of plants.

[0092] The implementation time of this embodiment is from March 2024 to March 2025. After this embodiment is carried out, the main arbor trees in the forest land grow normally, and the nutrient content in the soil under the forest increases significantly. The feed consumption and egg production are counted starting from October 2024. At this time, Daxing District, Beijing is in the autumn and winter seasons (see the photo of the early winter in Figure 6 ). Affected by seasonal factors such as low winter temperature, the feed consumption is 80 g per chicken per day, and more than 30% can be saved in summer; the egg production of chickens is 200 - 400 eggs per day, and the quality of the eggs is significantly higher than that of the commonly seen caged eggs in the market, specifically manifested in aspects such as a high proportion of egg yolks, a deep color of egg yolks, and a high viscosity of egg whites (see the attached questionnaire in Figure 7 , and the result analysis table in Figure 8 ).

[0093] In summary, the present invention follows the principles of integrated ecosystem management and sustainable operation, makes full use of the space under the forest, improves the soil quality by free-range ecological chickens under the forest, improves the quality of meat and eggs by growing grass to feed chickens, while saving the free-range cost. The chicken manure is mixed with garden green waste for composting treatment, forming a virtuous cycle system of chicken manure fertilizing the land, the land growing grass, the grass feeding chickens, and the chickens protecting the forest (see Figure 3 ), realizing the mutual benefit and symbiosis of forest - grass - poultry (see Figure 2 ), and doubling the ecological and economic benefits of the forest land.

[0094] The above details the present invention. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the purpose and scope of the present invention and without unnecessary experiments, the present invention can be implemented within a relatively wide range under equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions. Although specific embodiments of the present invention are given, it should be understood that the present invention can be further improved. In general, according to the principle of the present invention, this application intends to include any changes, uses, or improvements to the present invention, including changes made using conventional techniques known in the art that are outside the scope disclosed in this application. Some basic features can be applied according to the scope of the following appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for constructing and managing a forest-grass-poultry coupling ecosystem, characterized in that: The steps include: A. Constructing a forest-grass-poultry coupled ecosystem, including investigating and selecting suitable forest land, dividing it into two areas of similar size and fencing them separately; one area is used for planting and the other for breeding; B. Manage the forest-grass-poultry coupled ecosystem, including the implementation of the following three mutually coupled modules B1, B2, and B3, and timely exchange of planting and breeding areas: B1 Plant Planting Module: Plant shade-tolerant herbaceous plants that can be used as forage in the planting area. Apply organic fertilizer from the B3 composting module according to the growth needs of the plants, which can be directly used as forage for chickens or harvested and made into feed; B2 ecological chicken free-range module: several movable chicken houses are placed in the breeding area to carry out ecological chicken free-range breeding. The chickens feed in the woodland and are fed daily. Part of the feed can come from the B1 plant planting module; the placement of the movable chicken houses is changed according to the changes in the soil and vegetation around the chicken houses and the accumulation of chicken manure under the chicken houses to prevent the concentrated activities of the chickens from causing damage to the woodland; the chicken manure is scratched by the chickens and then integrated into the soil and / or air-dried and collected for use in the B3 composting module; B3 Composting Module: In the breeding area, the landscaping waste collected from the forest land is composted with the chicken manure from the B2 ecological chicken free-range module after adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to obtain organic fertilizer; The timely exchange of the planting and breeding areas is that when the herbaceous plants in the planting area grow to a point where they can withstand the pecking of chickens or the breeding area has been completely irradiated by the movable chicken coop, the movable chicken coop and all the free-range chickens in the breeding area are transferred to the planting area, and the planting area becomes the breeding area, and at the same time the breeding area becomes the planting area.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The suitable forest land is selected with a slope not higher than 25°, a forest stand density not higher than 0.7, a height under tree branches not lower than 1.2m, a relatively open space under the forest without water accumulation, sandy or loamy soil, a soil pH between 6.0-9.0, a soil moisture content less than 60%, and a porosity less than 40%.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The area of ​​the said region is determined based on the standard that the ecological free-range chicken breeding density is not higher than 40 chickens per mu.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The fence is made of a hard net with a height of 120-200 cm and a mesh diameter of 2.0-4.0 cm.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The herbaceous plants in the plant planting module B1 are selected from one or more shade-tolerant plants.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The free-range farming of ecological chickens described in the B2 ecological chicken free-range farming module also includes taming the flock of chickens until more than 95% of the chickens can return to the movable chicken house to roost on their own before starting breeding.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The free-range farming of ecological chickens described in B2 Ecological Chicken Free-range Farming Module is carried out according to the following process: Every morning after dawn, the door of the shed is opened and drinking water is provided. The chickens are free to move and feed in the breeding area, and are fed once in the afternoon. Every evening after dark, the chickens return to the movable chicken house to roost and the door of the shed is closed.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The replacement of the placement position of the movable chicken house is performed regularly.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The movable chicken house is a movable multi-layer laying hen house as follows, comprising: The frame (2) is configured as a multi-layer box; the side walls at both ends of each layer of the frame (2) are provided with egg outlets; A door (5) is mounted on the side wall of the frame (2) for opening and closing; A wheel (1) rotatably mounted on the bottom of the frame (2); A grid frame (3) is installed inside the frame (2); the space inside the frame (2) is divided into at least two layered spaces by the grid frame (3); the end of the grid frame (3) is tilted downward and extends out of the frame (2) through the egg outlet, and an egg bin (10) is provided at the end of the grid frame (3); A sewage collecting funnel (9) is installed in the layered space, and the bottom end of the sewage collecting funnel (9) of the upper layered space is arranged above the top end of the sewage collecting funnel (9) of the lower layered space; the layered space is laterally separated by the sewage collecting funnel (9) into a habitat and egg-laying room (8).

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The application is any one or more of the following: Y1. Application in protecting forest vegetation; Y2. Application in improving the ecological environment quality of forest land; Y3. Application in improving the quality of chicken and / or eggs; Y4. Application in improving economic benefits.

Images