Automatic opening and closing control method for external circuit breaker of electric energy meter

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic opening and closing control method for an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out the real-time data collection through the electric energy meter, and then calculating the instantaneous power of each sampling point; meanwhile, setting a dynamic time window, and adjusting the size of the time window by adopting a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on a power change rate; in the dynamic time window, calculating the average power in the dynamic time window by using the instantaneous power values of all sampling points in the current time window; a baseline power model based on periodic fluctuation and phase disturbance is constructed to calculate baseline power, and power deviation is calculated according to the difference between the actual average power consumption power and the baseline power; and judging whether abnormal fluctuation exists based on the power deviation and triggering an opening and closing control strategy of the external circuit breaker of the electric energy meter. The method has the advantages that power fluctuation is reflected in time, the power calculation result is accurate, the flexible response capability is good, and the opening and closing opportunity is more appropriate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of control methods, and particularly relates to a control method for opening and closing a circuit breaker. Background Art

[0002] Traditional electricity meters are mainly used for electricity metering, real-time display of electricity usage, and charging according to users' electricity consumption. However, with the growth of electricity demand and the increasing complexity of power load management, traditional electricity meters can no longer fully meet the requirements of modern power systems, especially in aspects such as power equipment protection, load control, and system security. In order to improve the safety, reliability, and flexibility of the power system, the automatic opening and closing control technology for an external circuit breaker of an electricity meter has emerged. By combining the electricity meter with an external circuit breaker, this technology can automatically control the circuit breaker in case of abnormal situations, cut off the power supply in time to prevent electrical accidents, and automatically restore power supply after troubleshooting, thereby reducing human intervention and improving the reliability and economy of power supply.

[0003] With the continuous progress of technology and the expansion of application scenarios, the automatic opening and closing control method for an external circuit breaker of an electricity meter will be applied in a wider range of fields, promoting the development of the power system towards a more intelligent and efficient direction.

[0004] However, the existing control methods for external circuit breakers of traditional electricity meters mainly rely on simple power metering and fixed control logic, and cannot fully adapt to the growing electricity demand and the increasingly complex load management requirements. Especially in dynamic electricity consumption scenarios, there are the following problems: 1. The existing method uses a fixed time window for power averaging calculation, ignoring the dynamic characteristics of power changes and unable to reflect power fluctuations in a timely manner.

[0005] 2. The existing method uses a fixed time interval for data acquisition, which is prone to errors and repetitive effects on data acquisition caused by periodic interference (such as periodic fluctuations in the operation of equipment), resulting in inaccurate power calculation results.

[0006] 3. The existing method does not consider the uncertainties and sudden fluctuations in users' electricity consumption behaviors, such as seasonal changes, emergencies, etc., and lacks the flexible response ability to the diversity of users' behaviors.

[0007] 4. The existing method triggers the opening or closing of the external circuit breaker of the electricity meter based on the instantaneous power deviation value, and the recovery time is usually fixed, ignoring the change trend of power deviation, resulting in overly frequent triggering of the circuit breaker during short-term power fluctuations and affecting the stability of the power system.

[0008] 5. In the existing on-off control, the recovery time is usually fixed, and the change in power deviation is not fully considered during closing, resulting in premature or delayed closing, which in turn affects the safety and efficiency of electrical equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention proposes an automatic on-off control method for an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter, and its purpose is to solve the problems that the existing method cannot timely reflect power fluctuations, has poor accuracy of power calculation results, insufficient flexible response ability, frequent triggering of actions, and inappropriate closing time.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: An automatic on-off control method for an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Real-time data is collected through the electric energy meter, and then the instantaneous power of each sampling point is calculated; at the same time, a dynamic time window is set, and a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on the power change rate is used to adjust the size of the time window; within the dynamic time window, the average power within the current time window is calculated using the instantaneous power values of all sampling points within the current time window. Step S2: A baseline power model based on periodic fluctuations and phase perturbations is constructed to calculate the baseline power, and the power deviation is calculated based on the difference between the actual average power consumption and the baseline power. Step S3: Based on the power deviation, it is determined whether there is an abnormal fluctuation and the on-off control strategy of the external circuit breaker of the electric energy meter is triggered.

[0011] As a further improvement of the automatic on-off control method for the external circuit breaker of the electric energy meter: in step S1, the sampling time interval during data collection is a non-uniform and random time interval.

[0012] As a further improvement of the automatic on-off control method for the external circuit breaker of the electric energy meter: in step S1, the collected data includes current and voltage; the instantaneous power is the product of voltage and current, which reflects the actual power transmitted in the power grid at a certain moment.

[0013] As a further improvement of the automatic on-off control method for the external circuit breaker of the electric energy meter: in step S1, the dynamic adjustment mechanism based on the power change rate means that at each sampling moment, the size of the time window is adjusted according to the change in the current instantaneous power and the instantaneous power at the historical sampling moment. When the power change is large, the time window becomes shorter to quickly reflect the power change, and when the power change is small, the time window is extended to smooth the power change and avoid the influence of excessive short-term fluctuations on the calculation results.

[0014] As a further improvement to the method for automatically controlling the opening and closing of the external circuit breaker of the electricity meter: in step S2, the baseline power model based on periodic fluctuations and phase perturbations reflects the changes in the electricity consumption demand of users in different time periods by simulating periodic fluctuations with different frequencies, amplitudes, and phases, and simulates the uncertainty and sudden fluctuations in users' electricity consumption behaviors through phase perturbations.

[0015] As a further improvement to the method for automatically controlling the opening and closing of the external circuit breaker of the electricity meter: in step S2, the baseline power model based on periodic fluctuations and phase perturbations decomposes the electricity consumption pattern into multiple periodic fluctuation components, and each periodic component simulates the electricity consumption characteristics of users in a certain time period respectively; the amplitude of each periodic fluctuation component is used to control the electricity consumption intensity within the time period, the frequency is used to control the length of the period, and the phase is used to determine the starting point of the periodic fluctuation. Finally, a complete electricity consumption fluctuation pattern is obtained through weighted superposition.

[0016] As a further improvement to the method for automatically controlling the opening and closing of the external circuit breaker of the electricity meter: in step S2, for each periodic fluctuation component, an enabling indication function is set respectively. The enabling indication function is introduced to reflect whether the value of the periodic fluctuation component takes effect. If the time point is within the period range, the enabling indication function value is 1 indicating effectiveness, otherwise it is 0 indicating ineffectiveness, so that each periodic fluctuation component can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific time period.

[0017] As a further improvement to the method for automatically controlling the opening and closing of the external circuit breaker of the electricity meter: in step S2, the phase of each periodic component is adjusted using phase perturbations respectively, so that within a specific time period, the change in the phase can reflect the sudden fluctuations in users' behaviors.

[0018] As a further improvement to the method for automatically controlling the opening and closing of the external circuit breaker of the electricity meter: in step S3, the opening trigger logic is triggered based on the change trend of power deviation: first, calculate the power deviation at the current moment, that is, the difference between the actual power and the baseline power. If the current power deviation exceeds the set threshold, the opening will be triggered; an exponential decay factor is introduced in the calculation process of the power deviation to adjust according to the time since the last opening, so that short-term power fluctuations will not trigger the opening frequently.

[0019] As a further improvement to the method for automatically controlling the opening and closing of the external circuit breaker of the electricity meter: in step S3, an intelligent correction delay mechanism is introduced in the closing trigger logic to dynamically adjust the recovery time threshold. If the current time has exceeded the recovery time threshold since the last opening time, the closing will be executed; The dynamic adjustment method of the recovery time threshold is as follows: If the current power deviation is large, extend the recovery time threshold to ensure that no new load impact is encountered during closing. If the power deviation is small or tends to be stable, shorten the recovery time threshold to enable closing to occur as early as possible. At the same time, adjust the recovery time threshold according to the sign of the power deviation, and different responses will be made for positive and negative deviations to adjust the length of the recovery time threshold.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following positive effects: 1. The present invention proposes a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on the power change rate, automatically adjusts the size of the time window according to the power change situation at each sampling moment, ensures that the power calculation result is not affected by short-term noise, can timely capture the power change trend, better reflects the power fluctuation, and avoids the errors and inaccuracies brought by the traditional fixed time window method.

[0021] 2. Through the non-uniform and random design of the sampling time interval, the present invention obtains more real power data, effectively reduces periodic interference and repetitive effects, improves the accuracy and reliability of the data, and makes the power calculation result more accurate.

[0022] 3. By decomposing the electricity consumption behavior into multiple periodic fluctuation components and adding phase perturbation to reflect the sudden electricity consumption demand of users, the present invention can accurately simulate the change characteristics of user electricity consumption, including seasonal fluctuations, sudden fluctuations, and uncertainties, avoids the lag effect of the traditional static model, and improves the accuracy and flexible response ability of the baseline power.

[0023] 4. By analyzing the change trend of the power deviation and dynamically adjusting the opening and closing times in combination with historical data, the present invention avoids frequent and unreasonable opening and closing operations, improves the control adaptability and robustness of the external circuit breaker of the electric energy meter, and ensures the efficient and safe operation of power equipment. The present invention also reduces the risk of mis-triggering and premature closing by introducing an exponential decay and intelligent correction delay mechanism, and extends the service life of the equipment.

[0024] 5. The present invention dynamically adjusts the recovery time according to the magnitude and sign of the power deviation, ensures that the recovery time is neither too early nor too late, avoids new load impacts, enhances the flexibility and accuracy of the recovery process, improves the adaptability to load changes, and thus reduces the risk of equipment damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0027] As Figure 1 , an automatic opening and closing control method for an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter, the steps include: Step S1: Collect real-time data through the electric energy meter, and then calculate the instantaneous power of each sampling point. Set a dynamic time window, and adopt a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on the power change rate to adjust the size of the dynamic time window. Within the dynamic time window, calculate the average power within the dynamic time window using the instantaneous power values of all sampling points within the current time window.

[0028] Specifically, the collected data includes current and voltage. To avoid the influence of periodic interference, the sampling time interval is not fixed, but is designed with non-uniform and random time intervals. By sampling at different time points, the errors and repetitive effects caused by periodic interference are avoided. Specifically, the electricity consumption is usually not completely stable, but is dynamically affected by various factors (such as user behavior, equipment operation status, external environment). Fixed-interval sampling may not be able to capture sudden power fluctuations in a timely manner, resulting in error accumulation. Random-interval sampling combined with dynamic time window adjustment can more flexibly adapt to these changes, ensure that the sampling points cover key change moments, and thus reduce the errors caused by missing important data points.

[0029] After the data is collected, calculate the instantaneous power of each sampling point. The instantaneous power is the product of voltage and current, which reflects the actual power transmitted in the power grid at a certain moment. The calculation formula is as follows: ; Where represents the instantaneous power at ; represents the voltage at ; represents the current at ; Since the traditional power calculation method is based on the average calculation of power over a fixed time window, ignoring the actual situation of power changes, it may not be able to effectively handle the problem of large power fluctuations in the power system. In order to make the power calculation accurate, the present invention designs a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on the power change rate. Specifically, at each sampling moment, the size of the time window is adjusted according to the change in the current instantaneous power and the instantaneous power at the historical sampling moment. When the power changes greatly, the time window will become shorter to quickly reflect the power change; while when the power changes little, the time window will be extended to smooth the power change and avoid the influence of excessive short-term fluctuations on the calculation result. By adaptively and dynamically adjusting the length of the time window according to the power change rate, it can ensure that the power calculation result is not disturbed by short-term noise and can also timely capture the power change trend.

[0030] The calculation formula for the dynamic time window size is: ; Where, represents the size of the dynamic time window, that is, the length of the time window corresponding to the current time ; represents the minimum time window length, which ensures that the time window will not be too short to avoid excessive calculation errors and overly sensitive responses, and can be specifically set according to the specific implementation scenario and is not limited here; represents the basic time window size, which can be specifically set according to the specific implementation scenario and is not limited here; represents the current time and the amplitude of the power change between the moments, which measures the degree of power fluctuation; represents the time interval; represents the historical maximum change rate, which is used to normalize the maximum ratio of power change to ensure the consistency and standardization of power change rate calculation.

[0031] Within the dynamic time window, the instantaneous power values of all sampling points within the current time window are used to calculate the average in an equal-weighted manner to obtain the average power within the dynamic time window. The calculation formula is as follows: ; Where, represents the actual average power consumption within the dynamic time window corresponding to the time ; represents the number of sampling points within the time window; represents at the instantaneous power.

[0032] Step S2: Construct a baseline power model based on periodic fluctuations and phase perturbations, and calculate the power deviation by comparing the difference between the actual average power consumption and the baseline power.

[0033] The electricity consumption behavior of users has significant characteristics of periodic fluctuations and is affected by factors such as time, season, and emergencies. To accurately analyze the electricity consumption patterns of users, a baseline power model based on periodic fluctuations and phase perturbations is constructed. The baseline power model based on periodic fluctuations and phase perturbations can reflect the changes in users' electricity consumption demands during different time periods by simulating periodic fluctuations of different frequencies, amplitudes, and phases, and simulate the uncertainty and sudden fluctuations in users' electricity consumption behavior through phase perturbations.

[0034] The baseline power model based on periodic fluctuations and phase perturbations decomposes the electricity consumption pattern into multiple periodic fluctuation components. Each periodic component simulates the electricity consumption characteristics of users during a certain period. For example, during the peak period of the day, the electricity consumption of users may show higher fluctuations, while during the low period at night, the fluctuations may be smaller. The amplitude of each periodic fluctuation component controls the electricity consumption intensity within the period, the frequency controls the length of the period, and the phase determines the starting point of the periodic fluctuation. Finally, a complete electricity consumption fluctuation pattern is obtained through weighted superposition.

[0035] For each periodic fluctuation component, there is a corresponding enabling indicator function to reflect whether the value of the periodic fluctuation component is effective. If the time point is within the period range, the enabling indicator function value of 1 indicates effectiveness, otherwise 0 indicates ineffectiveness, so that each periodic fluctuation component can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific time period, and then a more accurate electricity consumption behavior pattern can be simulated.

[0036] Different from traditional static periodic fluctuations, the electricity consumption demands of users are dynamically changing. To cope with the dynamic changes, dynamic phase perturbations are introduced to simulate the randomness and suddenness of users' electricity consumption behavior. Specifically, the phase of each periodic component is adjusted so that within a specific period, the change in phase can reflect the sudden fluctuations in users' behavior. Dynamic phase perturbations can not only simulate sudden changes in electricity consumption demands, but also adjust the intensity and frequency of perturbations by setting the phase perturbation coefficient, flexibly coping with the uncertainty in users' behavior and avoiding the lag effect in traditional models.

[0037] The calculation formula for the baseline power is: ; where represents the baseline power, that is, the electricity consumption power of users calculated according to the periodic fluctuation model at time for simulating normal electricity consumption behavior; represents the The amplitude of a periodic component reflects the intensity of the periodic fluctuation component. Different periodic components have different amplitudes, which reflect the intensity of the electricity consumption pattern, such as the peak or trough period of the user, and are estimated through historical electricity consumption data or user behavior patterns; represents a sine function and describes the user's electricity consumption pattern by simulating periodic fluctuations; represents the frequency of the th periodic component, which reflects the fluctuation rate of the period and is determined by the period , and the calculation formula is The period represents the period length of the th period, that is, the duration of the periodic fluctuation, such as daily period, seasonal period, and is obtained by observing the time characteristics of the user's electricity consumption behavior; represents an enable indicator function, which indicates whether it is in the th period at time . If the time is within the range of the th period, the value of the enable indicator function of the periodic function is 1, otherwise it is 0; represents the phase perturbation of the th periodic component at time , which reflects the uncertainty and sudden changes in user behavior, such as sudden electricity consumption demand. ; Among them, represents the reference phase of the th periodic component, which can be specifically set according to the specific implementation scenario and is not limited here; represents the phase perturbation coefficient of the th periodic component, which controls the amplitude of the phase perturbation. The larger the perturbation coefficient, the more significant the impact of the perturbation, and it can be specifically set according to the specific implementation scenario and is not limited here; represents the phase perturbation frequency, which is used to control the periodicity of the perturbation and can be specifically set according to the specific implementation scenario and is not limited here; represents the phase shift of the phase perturbation of the th periodic component.

[0038] By superimposing multiple periodic fluctuation components and adding phase perturbations, the user's baseline power is finally obtained, which reflects the average electricity consumption demand of the user within a specific period and is the expected electricity consumption without external interference.

[0039] The purpose of obtaining the baseline power is to simulate the user's electricity consumption behavior under normal circumstances, and the simulation relies on historical data to construct a periodic fluctuation model. The baseline power can be calculated based on historical normal time periods (such as the average electricity consumption patterns in the past few days, weeks, or months) to better reflect long-term trends.

[0040] However, in actual applications, the user's actual electricity consumption behavior may deviate. Therefore, a calculation method for power deviation is further introduced. By comparing the difference between the actual average electricity consumption power and the baseline power, the power deviation is calculated to determine whether there are abnormal fluctuations and trigger relevant control strategies. The standardized processing of the deviation calculation can avoid deviations caused by changes in the external environment or different devices, ensuring that the deviation values of each user can be compared under the same standard.

[0041] The calculation formula for power deviation is: ; where, represents the power deviation, that is, the difference between the actual average electricity consumption power and the baseline power at time , which is used to determine whether there are abnormal fluctuations; is the actual average electricity consumption power at time ; represents the baseline power, that is, the user's electricity consumption power calculated according to the periodic fluctuation model at time , which is used to simulate normal electricity consumption behavior; represents the historical maximum power value, which is used for standardizing the power deviation.

[0042] Step S3: Determine whether there are abnormal fluctuations based on the power deviation and trigger the on / off control strategy of the external circuit breaker of the electricity meter.

[0043] The opening trigger logic is triggered based on the change trend of the power deviation, rather than simply relying on the instantaneous power deviation value. In traditional control methods, the opening trigger is executed immediately when the power deviation exceeds a certain set threshold. In the embodiments of the present invention, the change trend of the power deviation is considered to improve robustness and adaptability. The specific calculation process is as follows: First, calculate the power deviation at the current moment, that is, the difference between the actual power and the baseline power. If the current power deviation exceeds the set threshold and the power deviation value has maintained a continuous growth trend in the past historical data (that is, it has not recovered rapidly in a short time), the opening will be triggered. To avoid false triggering caused by short-term fluctuations, the present invention introduces an exponential decay factor, which is adjusted according to the time since the last opening. When an opening has occurred once, the exponential decay factor will reduce the influence of the power deviation on the opening decision, so that short-term power fluctuations will not frequently trigger the opening.

[0044] Opening trigger logic: ; Among them, represents the circuit breaker status at time . If represents that the circuit breaker is open. If represents that the circuit breaker status remains unchanged. represents the circuit breaker status at time ; represents power deviation, that is, the difference between the actual average power consumption and the baseline power at time , which is used to determine whether there is abnormal fluctuation; represents the power deviation threshold, which is used as the trigger threshold for the opening decision to ensure that the opening is triggered only when the deviation degree is significant. It can be specifically set according to the specific implementation scenario and is not limited here; represents the power deviation attenuation factor, which reduces the influence of historical deviation on the current decision through an exponential decay model and is used to adjust the influence of power deviation to avoid frequent opening operations caused by short-term fluctuations; represents the time of the last circuit breaker opening; represents the decay time constant, which adjusts the decay speed of historical power deviation and can be specifically set according to the specific implementation scenario and is not limited here.

[0045] The closing trigger logic is to avoid closing too early or too late. An intelligent correction delay mechanism is introduced. The recovery time is not fixed but dynamically adjusted, depending on the current power deviation degree and the historical behavior of power deviation in the past period of time, and checks the time since the last opening. If the current time has exceeded the set recovery time, it will judge whether closing can be performed. The dynamic adjustment of the recovery time takes into account the magnitude of the power deviation and whether the deviation is positive or negative. Specifically, if the current power deviation is large (either excessive load fluctuations or too large sudden demand), the recovery time will be appropriately extended to ensure that no new load impact will be encountered during closing; if the power deviation is small or tends to be stable, the recovery time will be shortened so that closing can occur as soon as possible. The present invention also adjusts according to the sign of the power deviation. Different responses will be made for positive deviation (such as load increase) and negative deviation (load decrease), and the length of the recovery time will be adjusted, enabling flexible and stable closing, avoiding too fast or too slow responses, and improving the control effect of the external circuit breaker of the electric energy meter.

[0046] Closing trigger logic: ; Among them, represents the circuit breaker status at time . If represents that the circuit breaker is closed. If Indicates that the circuit breaker status remains unchanged, indicating the circuit breaker status at time ; Indicates the interval from the last opening time to the current time, used to determine whether the closing condition is met; Indicates the recovery time threshold, that is, the threshold of the delay time from opening to closing, dynamically adjusted according to the power deviation, used to control the closing delay, prevent premature or late closing, and the recovery time threshold increases with the increase of the power deviation. The calculation formula of the recovery time threshold is: ; wherein, Indicates the basic recovery time, which defines the shortest recovery time threshold required for closing under normal conditions, and can be specifically set according to the specific implementation scenario, and is not limited here; Indicates the power deviation, that is, the difference between the actual average power consumption and the baseline power at time , used to determine whether there is abnormal fluctuation; Indicates the maximum power deviation; Indicates the ratio of the current power deviation to the maximum power deviation, quantifying the degree of power deviation, and the greater the deviation, the longer the recovery time threshold; Indicates the adjustment coefficient, used to adjust the influence of power deviation on the recovery time threshold, control the contribution of the power deviation magnitude to the recovery time threshold, and can be specifically set according to the specific implementation scenario, and is not limited here; Indicates the adjustment coefficient, used to adjust the influence of the power deviation sign on the recovery time threshold, and avoid excessive delay in closing due to negative deviation; Indicates the sign function of the power deviation, reflecting the direction of deviation (positive or negative), and adjusts the recovery time threshold according to the sign of the power deviation, enabling flexible response to different power fluctuations.

[0047] The entire opening and closing decision-making process analyzes the trend of power deviation and combines the dynamic attenuation of historical data, avoiding frequent opening caused by short-term fluctuations. At the same time, by dynamically adjusting the recovery time threshold and considering the degree and sign of power deviation, the recovery of the circuit breaker is made more accurate and flexible, ensuring the efficient and safe operation of electrical equipment.

[0048] It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims rather than the above description.

Claims

1. A method for automatically opening and closing a circuit breaker external to an electric energy meter, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, collect real-time data through the electric energy meter, and then calculate the instantaneous power of each sampling point; at the same time, set a dynamic time window, and use a dynamic adjustment mechanism based on the power change rate to adjust the size of the time window; within the dynamic time window, use the instantaneous power values ​​of all sampling points in the current time window to calculate the average power within the dynamic time window; Step S2: construct a baseline power model based on periodic fluctuations and phase disturbances to calculate the baseline power, and calculate the power deviation according to the difference between the actual average power consumption and the baseline power; Step S3: determine whether there is abnormal fluctuation based on the power deviation and trigger the opening and closing control strategy of the external circuit breaker of the electric energy meter.

2. The automatic opening and closing control method of an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the sampling time intervals when collecting data are non-uniform and random time intervals.

3. The automatic opening and closing control method of an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the collected data includes current and voltage; the instantaneous power is the product of voltage and current, reflecting the actual power transmitted in the power grid at a certain moment.

4. The automatic opening and closing control method of an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the dynamic adjustment mechanism based on the power change rate means that at each sampling moment, the size of the time window is adjusted according to the change between the current instantaneous power and the instantaneous power at the historical sampling moment. When the power change is large, the time window becomes shorter to quickly reflect the power change, and when the power change is small, the time window is extended to smooth the power change and avoid excessive short-term fluctuations on the calculation results.

5. The automatic opening and closing control method of an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the baseline power model based on periodic fluctuations and phase disturbances reflects the changes in users' electricity demand in different time periods by simulating periodic fluctuations of different frequencies, amplitudes, and phases, and simulates the uncertainty and sudden fluctuations in users' electricity consumption behavior through phase disturbances.

6. The automatic opening and closing control method of an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, the baseline power model based on periodic fluctuations and phase disturbances decomposes the power consumption pattern into multiple periodic fluctuation components, each of which simulates the power consumption characteristics of the user in a certain time period; the amplitude of each periodic fluctuation component is used to control the power consumption intensity in the time period, the frequency is used to control the length of the period, and the phase is used to determine the starting point of the periodic fluctuation, and finally a complete power consumption fluctuation pattern is obtained through weighted superposition.

7. The automatic opening and closing control method of an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, for each periodic fluctuation component, an enable indication function is set respectively, and the enable indication function is introduced to reflect whether the value of the periodic fluctuation component is effective. If the time point is within the period range, the enable indication function value is 1 to indicate effectiveness, otherwise it is 0 to indicate ineffectiveness, so that each periodic fluctuation component can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific time period.

8. The automatic opening and closing control method of an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step S2, the phase of each periodic component is adjusted using phase disturbance, so that within a specific time period, the change in phase can reflect the sudden fluctuation of user behavior.

9. The automatic opening and closing control method of an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the tripping trigger logic is triggered based on the changing trend of the power deviation: first, the power deviation at the current moment is calculated, that is, the difference between the actual power and the baseline power. If the current power deviation exceeds the set threshold, the tripping will be triggered; an exponential decay factor is introduced in the calculation process of the power deviation, which is used to adjust according to the time since the last tripping, so that power fluctuations in the short term will not frequently trigger the tripping.

10. The automatic opening and closing control method of an external circuit breaker of an electric energy meter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, an intelligent correction delay mechanism is introduced into the closing trigger logic to dynamically adjust the recovery time threshold. If the current time has exceeded the recovery time threshold from the last opening time, closing is performed; The dynamic adjustment method of the recovery time threshold is as follows: if the current power deviation is large, the recovery time threshold is extended to ensure that no new load impact is encountered when closing the circuit breaker; if the power deviation is small or tends to be stable, the recovery time threshold is shortened so that closing the circuit breaker can occur as soon as possible; at the same time, the recovery time threshold is adjusted according to the sign of the power deviation. Different responses will be made for positive and negative deviations, and the length of the recovery time threshold will be adjusted.

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