Corn staggered seeding machine and seeding method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of corn planters, and discloses a corn dislocation planter which comprises a plurality of seeding modules and supporting modules, the supporting modules are arranged at the two ends of the seeding modules, and the seeding modules are sequentially connected through the supporting modules and share the adjacent supporting modules; the seeding module comprises a central positioning reference seat I, a light-weight fixing frame, a seeding unit, a positioning adjusting mechanism I and a distance measuring sensor I. According to the modularized seeding machine disclosed by the invention, functional modules are quickly disassembled and assembled through a standardized interface, the tedious welding or customized assembling process of a traditional fixing frame is reduced, and the labor cost and time consumption are reduced; by means of the modularized rear frame, 30-120 horsepower tractors are compatible, customized modification is not needed, and the modular rear frame has the advantages of being high in practicability and flexible in line number expansion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of corn planters, and particularly to a corn staggered planter and a sowing method. Background Art

[0002] As one of the world's three major food crops, corn's planting area and output play an important role in food security. With population growth and the limited nature of arable land resources, increasing corn yield per unit area has become an important goal of agricultural modernization. Sowing, as a key link in corn planting, directly determines the crop's growth density, ventilation and light transmission conditions, and the efficiency of later management. However, there are still significant shortcomings in traditional planting models and supporting machinery technologies, seriously restricting the further improvement of corn production capacity.

[0003] Existing corn planters mostly adopt an integrally welded frame and a fixed row number design, resulting in the following problems: Difficult row adjustment: The length of the frame is bound to the number of sowing rows (such as 8 rows or 12 rows). Using large equipment in small plots leads to "using a big horse to pull a small cart", while large plots require repeated operations, reducing efficiency by 30% - 50%; Inefficient assembly and transportation: The overall length of the machine exceeds 6 meters (for 12-row machines), making it difficult to pass through rural roads, and disassembly and assembly take 3 - 4 hours; Poor hitch compatibility: The traditional two-point hitch system has strict requirements for the balance of the frame. When adapting to tractors with different horsepower, customized modifications are required, increasing costs by 15% - 20%; Single function: The functions of traditional planters are fixed, and it is difficult to achieve "multiple functions in one machine". For example, most machines only support sowing with a fixed row spacing and cannot flexibly switch between narrow rows (such as 40 cm) and wide rows (such as 80 cm) modes; High maintenance and upgrade costs: The components of traditional equipment are highly integrated. When a failure occurs, the whole unit needs to be replaced or sent for repair, and technological upgrades require replacing the entire machine.

[0004] Due to the fixed structure and insufficient compatibility of traditional planters, it is difficult to meet the diverse needs of modern agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to design a corn staggered planter with strong practicality and flexible row expansion. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a corn staggered planter to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A corn staggered planter, comprising a plurality of sowing modules and a support module, The support module is arranged at both ends of the sowing modules, and a plurality of sowing modules are sequentially connected through the support module and share adjacent support modules; The seeding module includes a central positioning reference base one, a lightweight fixing frame, seeding units, a positioning and adjusting mechanism one, and a distance measuring sensor one. The central positioning reference base one is fixed in the middle of the lightweight fixing frame. The seeding units are mirror-distributed on both sides of the central positioning reference base one through the positioning and adjusting mechanism one. The distance measuring sensor one is integrated on the central positioning reference base one to monitor the spacing between seeding units; The support module includes a central positioning reference base two, a lightweight nested connecting truss, a positioning and adjusting mechanism two, and a distance measuring sensor two. The lightweight nested connecting truss is mirror-distributed on both sides of the central positioning reference base two and connected to the lightweight fixing frame. The telescopic amount is adjusted through the positioning and adjusting mechanism two. The distance measuring sensor two measures the distance between the support module and the seeding units; The seeding unit integrates a lightweight furrow opener, a finger-type seeder, a lightweight soil covering device, and a lightweight flattening device.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, the lightweight fixing frame includes four-corner positioning plates, a lightweight central fixing plate, connecting plates, bottom reinforcement plates, and four-corner fixing beams. The four-corner fixing beams are distributed in a rectangle and the ends are fixed to the four-corner positioning plates. The lightweight central fixing plate is fixed to the center of the four-corner positioning plates through the connecting plates. The bottom reinforcement plates are connected to the lower four-corner positioning plates. The central positioning reference base one is fixed in the middle of the four-corner fixing beams.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the positioning and adjusting mechanism one includes a lightweight adjusting and positioning seat, an aluminum alloy positioning guide rail, an aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod, a drive motor, and a gear transmission component. The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail and the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod symmetrically penetrate through the central positioning reference base one and are movably connected to the lightweight fixing frame. The lightweight adjusting and positioning seats are mirror-set on both sides of the central positioning reference base one. The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail slidably penetrates through the lightweight adjusting and positioning seats. The aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod is matched with the lightweight adjusting and positioning seats through a reciprocating thread structure. The drive motor is connected to the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod through the gear transmission component. The seeding units are installed on the lightweight adjusting and positioning seats.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the lightweight furrow opener is movably installed at the front end of the lightweight adjusting and positioning seat through a lightweight first connecting arm. The finger-type seeder is fixed in the receiving groove of the lightweight adjusting and positioning seat. The lightweight soil covering device and the lightweight flattening device are installed at the rear end of the lightweight fixing frame through a lightweight second connecting arm; The lightweight flattening device includes a connecting frame, a flattening roller, and an elastic flattening mechanism. The connecting frame is fixed to the end of the lightweight second connecting arm through bolts. The flattening roller is movably arranged in the connecting frame and is rotatably installed at both ends through a clamping seat assembly; The elastic flattening mechanism is composed of a lifting rod and a spring. The lifting rod vertically penetrates through the guiding hole of the connecting frame. The spring is sleeved on the lifting rod.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the central positioning reference seat two includes a lightweight support frame and a lightweight lifting base. The lightweight support frame is fixed by an upper frame and a lower frame through a hollow connecting plate. The upper frame is shorter than the lower frame, forming an isosceles trapezoid design. The lightweight lifting base includes a liftable lightweight universal wheel assembly, and the height is adjusted through a threaded drive assembly.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the lightweight nested connecting truss includes lightweight telescopic rod groups symmetrically distributed up and down. The two ends are respectively connected to the lightweight fixing frame and the central positioning reference seat two, showing an isosceles trapezoid distribution. The end of the lightweight telescopic rod group is provided with a positioning probe end, and the lightweight telescopic rod group is made of aluminum alloy tubes.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the positioning and adjusting mechanism two includes a drive assembly, a bevel gear transmission system and a lightweight threaded sleeve. The drive assembly drives a transmission shaft through the bevel gear transmission system, and the transmission shaft cooperates with the lightweight threaded sleeve to adjust the telescopic amount of the lightweight nested connecting truss.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the lightweight adjusting positioning seat is movably connected to the lightweight fixing frame through a lightweight third connecting arm. The lightweight fixing frame is provided with displacement detection marks for redundant verification of the position of the seeding unit.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the distance measuring sensor one and the distance measuring sensor two adopt optical or laser distance measuring modules to real-time feedback the distance data between the seeding unit and the support module. The signal emitting end of the distance measuring sensor two directly emits to the seeding unit, and the components along the way are provided with through holes, and the inner wall of the through hole is provided with a laser reflection coating.

[0015] A seeding method for a corn staggered seeder includes the following steps: S1, Row spacing setting and calibration: Set the half-spacing threshold of the distance measuring sensor one and the distance measuring sensor two according to the target row spacing; Start the seeder, drive the positioning and adjusting mechanism one through the drive motor to move the seeding unit to the initial position, and calibrate the zero point of the distance measuring sensor one; Adjust the height of the lightweight lifting base through the threaded drive assembly to make the furrow opener of the seeding unit contact the ground and calibrate the seeding depth.

[0016] S2, Dynamic seeding and real-time adjustment: The distance measuring sensor one real-time monitors the distance between the seeding unit and the central positioning reference seat one. If the narrow row half-spacing deviation > 1mm, drive the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod of the positioning and adjusting mechanism one to move the seeding unit to correct the row spacing; The ranging sensor two emits laser through the through-hole of the support module, enhances the signal through the inner wall reflection coating, and monitors the spacing between adjacent sowing modules in real time. If the deviation of the half-spacing of the wide row > 2 mm, the lightweight threaded sleeve of the positioning and adjusting mechanism two is driven to adjust the telescopic amount of the nested connecting truss to correct the wide row spacing; Through the collaborative feedback and dynamic adjustment of the dual ranging sensors, the flexible expansion of the number of rows for narrow row close planting and wide row intercropping is realized.

[0017] S3, Redundancy check and fault handling: Manually check the position of the sowing unit through the displacement detection mark of the lightweight fixing frame. If the data deviation from the ranging sensor one > 3 mm, trigger the system self-check; When the ranging sensor one or the ranging sensor two fails, switch to the ranging data of the adjacent sowing module to maintain the logic of alternating narrow and wide rows for sowing.

[0018] S4, Multi-crop intercropping mode switching: One-key reset the nested connecting truss to the preset wide row spacing through the positioning and adjusting mechanism two to adapt to the intercropping requirements of corn and soybean; Replace the seed clamping component of the finger clip type seeder to match the seed sizes of different crops.

[0019] S5, Maintenance after sowing: After the operation is completed, lift the lightweight lifting base through the threaded drive assembly to disengage from the ground contact; Clean the dust on the inner wall of the through-hole, check the reflectivity of the laser reflection coating, and spray and repair if < 90%; Lubricate and maintain the aluminum alloy positioning guide rail and the lightweight threaded sleeve to eliminate the mechanical wear gap.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: (1) Yield increase and quality improvement: Through the narrow and wide row close planting technology, the yield is increased compared with the traditional equal row spacing. The narrow row intensive sowing combined with the wide row design for ventilation and light transmission improves the light energy utilization rate. The wide row improves the ventilation and light transmission conditions, reduces the shading between plants, promotes the photosynthesis efficiency, and the narrow row rationally utilizes the land space, avoiding congestion while ensuring the density, and improving the nutrient distribution efficiency per plant; (2) Modular Quick Assembly and High Compatibility: The modular seeder enables the quick disassembly and assembly of functional modules (such as seeding, transmission, support, etc.) through standardized interfaces (such as bolt connections, flexible interfaces), reducing the cumbersome welding or customized assembly processes of traditional fixed frames, lowering labor costs and time consumption. With a modular rear frame, connection points are set at the front (matching the three-point hitch of the tractor), compatible with tractors with a horsepower range of 30 - 120 hp. Without customized modification, it can be disassembled into small-sized units, suitable for transportation by small trucks, reducing the occupied transportation space. The same module library is shared for small plots (4 - 6 rows) and large farms (12 - 16 rows), eliminating the need for users to repeatedly purchase equipment; (3) Flexible Row Number Adjustment: Through nested guide rails and locking bolts, the single - expansion increment is 2 rows (minimum 2 rows, maximum 16 rows), and the row number adjustment range covers 4 - 16 rows. The newly added seeding module is automatically connected to the central control system, and seeding parameters (row spacing, depth) are calibrated synchronously with one key, avoiding manual adjustment row by row; (4) Flexible Row Number Expansion: The dual - sensor collaborative feedback, with ranging sensor one (narrow - row control) and ranging sensor two (wide - row control), monitors the spacing of seeding units in real - time and dynamically adjusts the positioning mechanism. IMU attitude compensation can be added. By detecting the body tilt angle through the inertial measurement unit, the seeding depth and row - spacing offset are dynamically corrected to ensure the uniformity of row spacing; (5) Adaptability to Complex Terrains: The design of high - strength aluminum alloy trusses and isosceles trapezoid support frames enhances the lateral force resistance ability, suitable for operations in hilly and sloping lands. The spring - buffered flattening roller adapts to the ground undulations automatically to ensure the uniformity of seed covering soil. The omnidirectional wheel assembly has an all - directional movement design, supporting continuous operations on slopes and reducing the risk of skidding; (6) Quick Switching between Multiple Crop Intercropping: One - key row - spacing adjustment, stepless adjustment of the telescopic amount of the nested truss, supporting the switching between the intercropping modes of corn and soybean, with a short time consumption. The quick - release finger - clip seeder only takes 10 minutes to replace the seed - clamping components, suitable for multiple crops such as corn, soybean, and forage; (7) Lightweight and High - Efficiency Operation: Aluminum alloy and carbon fiber composite materials replace traditional steel, reducing the overall machine weight by 30% - 50%, reducing the traction energy consumption, shortening the seeding time per mu compared with traditional machinery, and increasing the daily operation area; (8) Redundant Check and High Reliability: Through a dual - check mechanism, the design of displacement detection marks helps manual verification of the position of seeding units. An alarm is triggered when the error > 3mm. When a single sensor fails, the data of adjacent modules are automatically switched to ensure continuous operation. Description of the Drawings

[0021] The drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1is the first three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the second three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 is the first three-dimensional schematic diagram of the seeding module of the present invention; Figure 4 is the second three-dimensional schematic diagram of the seeding module of the present invention; Figure 5 is the third three-dimensional schematic diagram of the seeding module of the present invention; Figure 6 is the first partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the seeding module of the present invention; Figure 7 is the second partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the seeding module of the present invention; Figure 8 is the third partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the seeding module of the present invention; Figure 9 is the first three-dimensional schematic diagram of the support module of the present invention; Figure 10 is the second three-dimensional schematic diagram of the support module of the present invention; Figure 11 is the partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the support module of the present invention; In the figure: 1 - the first central positioning reference seat, 2 - the lightweight fixing frame, 21 - the four-corner positioning plate, 22 - the lightweight central fixing plate, 23 - the connecting plate, 24 - the bottom reinforcement plate, 25 - the four-corner fixing beam, 26 - the displacement detection mark, 3 - the seeding unit, 4 - the first positioning adjustment mechanism, 41 - the lightweight adjustment positioning seat, 42 - the aluminum alloy positioning guide rail, 43 - the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod, 44 - the drive motor, 45 - the gear transmission assembly, 5 - the first distance measuring sensor, 6 - the second central positioning reference seat, 61 - the lightweight support frame, 611 - the upper frame, 612 - the lower frame, 613 - the hollow connecting plate, 62 - the lightweight lifting base, 621 - the lightweight universal wheel assembly, 622 - the threaded drive assembly, 7 - the lightweight nested connecting truss, 71 - the lightweight telescopic rod group, 72 - the positioning probe end, 8 - the second positioning adjustment mechanism, 81 - the drive assembly, 82 - the bevel gear transmission system, 83 - the lightweight threaded sleeve, 84 - the transmission shaft, 9 - the second distance measuring sensor, 91 - the through hole, 10 - the lightweight furrow opener, 11 - the finger clip seeder, 12 - the lightweight soil covering device, 13 - the lightweight flattening device, 131 - the connecting frame, 132 - the flattening roller, 133 - the clamping seat assembly, 134 - the lifting rod, 135 - the spring, 14 - the lightweight first connecting arm, 15 - the accommodating groove, 16 - the lightweight second connecting arm, 17 - the lightweight third connecting arm. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] Please refer to Figures 1-11 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a corn staggered seeder, including a plurality of sowing modules and a support module, The support module is arranged at both ends of the sowing module, and a plurality of sowing modules are sequentially connected through the support module and share adjacent support modules; The sowing module includes a central positioning reference seat 1, a lightweight fixing frame 2, a sowing unit 3, a positioning adjustment mechanism 4 and a distance measuring sensor 5. The central positioning reference seat 1 is fixed in the middle of the lightweight fixing frame 2. The sowing units 3 are mirror-distributed on both sides of the central positioning reference seat 1 through the positioning adjustment mechanism 4. The distance measuring sensor 5 is integrated on the central positioning reference seat 1 to monitor the distance between the sowing units 3; The support module includes a central positioning reference seat 6, a lightweight nested connection truss 7, a positioning adjustment mechanism 8 and a distance measuring sensor 9. The lightweight nested connection truss 7 is mirror-distributed on both sides of the central positioning reference seat 6 and connected to the lightweight fixing frame 2. The telescopic amount is adjusted through the positioning adjustment mechanism 8, and the distance measuring sensor 9 measures the distance between the support module and the sowing unit 3; The sowing unit 3 integrates a lightweight furrow opener 10, a finger clip seeder 11, a lightweight soil covering device 12 and a lightweight flattening device 13; The central positioning reference seat 1 serves as the core positioning reference of the seeding module, ensuring the mirror-symmetrical distribution of the seeding units 3 on both sides, achieving "small double-row staggered seeding". The lightweight fixing frame 2 is made of lightweight materials (such as aluminum alloy or composite materials) to reduce the weight of the whole machine, improve mobility and energy efficiency. The seeding unit 3 integrates the whole process of ditch opening, seeding, soil covering and flattening. The seeding spacing is accurately controlled by the positioning adjustment mechanism 1, ensuring that the row spacing and plant spacing of "staggered seeding" meet the design requirements. The distance measuring sensor 1 monitors the spacing between seeding units in real time, feeds back data to the control system, and dynamically adjusts the positioning adjustment mechanism. The central positioning reference seat 2 serves as the connection node of adjacent seeding modules, and realizes the rapid assembly and spacing adjustment between modules through the lightweight nested connection truss 7. The positioning adjustment mechanism 2 adjusts the spacing of the support modules through the telescopic amount to adapt to the planting density requirements of different fields, and is suitable for variable seeding operations. The row spacing can be adjusted in real time according to the soil fertility map, reducing the row spacing and increasing the density in fertile areas, and expanding the row spacing and reducing competition in barren areas. It is also suitable for multi-crop intercropping. By quickly switching the row spacing configuration, the alternate planting of crops such as corn, soybeans and forage can be realized, optimizing resource utilization. The distance measuring sensor 2 monitors the spacing between the support module and the seeding unit to ensure the stability of the whole machine structure and avoid seeding deviation caused by uneven fields. The lightweight ditch opener 10 forms a seed ditch, the soil covering device 12 covers the seeds after seeding, and the flattening device 13 compacts the soil to ensure the contact between the seeds and the soil and improve the emergence rate. The lightweight ditch opener 10, the finger clip seeder 11, the lightweight soil covering device 12 and the lightweight flattening device 13 are all common technical means in the prior art and will not be elaborated here; Sowing module: With the central positioning reference base 1 as the core, sowing units 3 are mirror-distributed on both sides. Lateral misalignment adjustment is achieved through the positioning adjustment mechanism 4 to adapt to different row spacing requirements. The distance measuring sensor 1 5 monitors the spacing between sowing units in real time to ensure sowing accuracy, reduce manual calibration, and can dynamically correct the spacing deviation caused by mechanical vibration or uneven ground, improving the stability of misaligned sowing. Support module: The nested truss 7 is used to connect adjacent sowing modules. The overall width is telescopically adjusted through the positioning adjustment mechanism 2 8 to be suitable for different plot sizes. The number of sowing modules can be flexibly increased or decreased to meet the planting needs of different scale fields. The distance measuring sensor 2 9 monitors the spacing between modules to ensure the coherence and stability of equipment assembly. The fixed frame 2, truss 7, and sowing unit components (furrow opener 10, soil covering device 12, leveling device 13) are made of lightweight materials (such as aluminum alloy or carbon fiber composite material) to reduce the weight of the whole machine and energy consumption. At the same time, the strength is ensured through structural optimization, making it suitable for operation in complex terrains. It is installed at the rear end of the tractor through a three-point hitch device and used as a rear-mounted seeder. Through sensor feedback and positioning mechanism, the sowing unit can adjust the lateral position in real time to achieve "misaligned" sowing (alternating wide and narrow rows), optimizing the light and nutrient competition of plants and being suitable for the high-density and high-yield mode. The nested truss design of the support module supports rapid disassembly, assembly, and telescopic adjustment, facilitating transportation, storage, and adapting to different scale farmlands, reducing the use cost. The lightweight materials in this device are aluminum alloy (such as 6061-T6) or carbon fiber composite material, reducing the weight by 30%-50% compared with traditional steel, and at the same time ensuring the strength through heat treatment or prepreg process; Specifically, the lightweight fixed frame 2 includes four-corner positioning plates 21, a lightweight central fixing plate 22, connecting plates 23, bottom reinforcement plates 24, and four-corner fixing beams 25. The four-corner fixing beams 25 are distributed in a rectangle and the ends thereof are fixed to the four-corner positioning plates 21. The lightweight central fixing plate 22 is fixed to the center of the four-corner positioning plates 21 through the connecting plates 23. The bottom reinforcement plates 24 are connected to the lower four-corner positioning plates 21. The central positioning reference base 1 is fixed to the middle of the four-corner fixing beams 25; The four-corner fixed beam 25, as the "skeleton" of the frame, is distributed in a rectangle to form a stable geometric support structure, bearing the vertical and lateral forces of the seeding unit, positioning mechanism and external loads (such as soil resistance and mechanical vibration). Its end is connected to the four-corner positioning plate 21, which disperses stress by increasing the contact area to avoid local deformation. The four-corner positioning plate 21, as the terminal anchor point of the fixed beam, provides a high-precision installation reference to ensure that the positioning adjustment mechanism 1 of the seeding unit 3 can be accurately aligned. The four-corner symmetric layout forms a "rigid node" to resist the torsional deformation of the frame (such as the lateral force during turning operation). The central positioning reference seat 1 is fixed in the middle to ensure the symmetry and stability of the seeding unit. The downward pressure of the seeding unit is transmitted to the four-corner fixed beam 25 through the central positioning reference seat 1 and dispersed to the entire frame through the four-corner positioning plate 21 to avoid local stress concentration. The lightweight central fixing plate 22 is connected to the center of the four-corner positioning plate 21 through the connecting plate 23 to form a "central radiation" structure, enhancing the overall stiffness of the frame and preventing the frame from bending caused by the eccentric load of the seeding unit. A hollow or honeycomb structure can be used to further reduce weight. The bottom reinforcement plate 24 is connected to the lower four-corner positioning plate 21 to specifically resist the lifting force of the soil on the furrow opener 10 and the impact load during operation, avoiding deformation at the bottom of the frame. A corrugated plate or rib design is adopted to improve the bending resistance while avoiding excessive weight increase; Specifically, the positioning adjustment mechanism 1 includes a lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41, an aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42, an aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43, a drive motor 44 and a gear transmission assembly 45. The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42 and the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43 symmetrically penetrate through the central positioning reference seat 1 and are movably connected to the lightweight fixing frame 2. The lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41 is mirror-symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central positioning reference seat 1. The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42 slidably penetrates through the lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41. The aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43 cooperates with the lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41 through a reciprocating thread structure. The drive motor 44 is connected to the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43 through the gear transmission assembly 45. The seeding unit 3 is installed on the lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41; The lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41 is made of lightweight and high-strength materials (such as magnesium alloy or carbon fiber reinforced plastic), with integrated guide grooves and threaded mating interfaces inside, reducing inertia and improving response speed. As the mounting base of the seeding unit 3, it bears the weight of the seeding unit and achieves lateral displacement through sliding and screw drive. The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42 is surface-hard anodized to enhance wear resistance. The cross-section can preferably adopt an I-shaped or dovetail groove structure to improve bending and torsional resistance. As a linear motion track, it runs through the central positioning reference seat 1 and the adjustment positioning seat 41, restricting the adjustment seat to slide only along the direction of the guide rail to ensure linearity of movement. The aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43 mates with the threaded hole of the adjustment positioning seat 41 through a reciprocating thread (such as trapezoidal thread or ball screw), converting the rotational motion of the drive motor 44 into a linear displacement of the adjustment seat. The drive motor 44 provides power, and the gear transmission assembly 45 realizes speed matching and torque amplification to drive the reciprocating drive rod 43 to rotate; Specifically, the lightweight furrow opener 10 is movably mounted at the front end of the lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41 through the lightweight first connecting arm 14. The finger-type seeder 11 is fixed in the receiving groove 15 of the lightweight adjustment positioning seat 41. The lightweight soil covering device 12 and the lightweight soil flattening device 13 are mounted at the rear end of the lightweight fixing frame 2 through the lightweight second connecting arm 16. The lightweight soil flattening device 13 includes a connecting frame 131, a flattening roller 132, and an elastic flattening mechanism. The connecting frame 131 is fixed to the end of the lightweight second connecting arm 16 by bolts. The flattening roller 132 is movably arranged in the connecting frame 131 and is rotatably mounted at both ends through a clamping seat assembly 133. The elastic flattening mechanism consists of a lifting rod 134 and a spring 135. The lifting rod 134 vertically penetrates the guide hole of the connecting frame 131, and the spring 135 is sleeved on the lifting rod 134; The lightweight furrow opener 10 is movably mounted at the front end of the adjustment positioning seat 41 through the lightweight first connecting arm 14 and can move synchronously with the lateral adjustment of the seeding unit. The finger-type seeder 11 is embedded in the receiving groove 15 of the adjustment positioning seat 41 and is fixed by a buckle or quick-release bolt for easy and quick replacement or maintenance. The furrow opener 10, the soil covering device 12, and the soil flattening device 13 are located in front of and behind the seeding unit respectively to form a continuous operation flow (furrowing, seeding, soil covering, compaction), avoiding process interference. The flattening roller 132 can rotate around the clamping seat assembly 133, and the spring 135 expands and contracts to compensate for terrain undulations to maintain uniform compaction. The surface of the flattening roller 132 is designed with convex patterns or a rubber coating to increase friction and improve the compaction effect. When encountering large obstacles, the lifting rod 134 can compress the spring 135 to lift the flattening roller 132 to prevent structural damage. The lightweight first connecting arm 14 and the lightweight second connecting arm 16 are made of aluminum alloy extrusion profiles or carbon fiber composite materials, reducing weight by 40%-60% compared with traditional steel arms. The flattening roller 132 uses a hollow aluminum tube and a rubber coating to balance lightweight and wear resistance; Specifically, the central positioning reference seat two 6 includes a lightweight support frame 61 and a lightweight liftable base 62. The lightweight support frame 61 is fixed by an upper frame 611 and a lower frame 612 through a hollow connecting plate 613. The upper frame 611 is shorter than the lower frame 612, forming an isosceles trapezoid design; the lightweight liftable base 62 includes a liftable lightweight universal wheel assembly 621, and the height is adjusted through a threaded drive assembly 622. The lightweight support frame 61 includes an upper frame 611 and a lower frame 612. The upper frame 611 is shorter and the lower frame 612 is longer, forming a stable isosceles trapezoid structure to enhance the ability to resist lateral forces (such as centrifugal force during turning). The lightweight liftable base 62 includes a liftable lightweight universal wheel assembly 621, and the height is adjusted through a threaded drive assembly 622. The micron-level adjustment of the base height is achieved through a precision thread pair (such as trapezoidal thread or ball screw) to meet the requirements of different sowing depths. Moreover, the thread design has a self-locking characteristic to prevent position deviation caused by vibration after adjustment. The universal wheel assembly 621 adopts a spherical bearing or an omnidirectional wheel design to meet the movement requirements on complex terrains (such as sloping land or uneven plots). The trapezoidal structure of the support frame 61 and the flexible steering of the universal wheel assembly 621 adapt to complex terrains, reduce the risk of rollover, are suitable for planting in hilly and sloping lands. Through height adjustment and modular connection, it supports different sowing depths and row spacing configurations to meet the needs of agronomic research, is beneficial to precision agriculture experiments. The rapid adjustment ability of the threaded drive assembly 622 supports the rapid switching of sowing parameters between different plots, improves the operation efficiency, and quickly responds to agronomic adjustments. Specifically, the lightweight nested connection truss 7 includes lightweight telescopic rod groups 71 symmetrically distributed up and down. The two ends are respectively connected to the lightweight fixed frame 2 and the central positioning reference seat two 6, showing an isosceles trapezoid distribution; positioning probe ends 72 are provided at the ends of the lightweight telescopic rod groups 71, and the lightweight telescopic rod groups 71 are made of aluminum alloy pipes. The lightweight nested connection truss 7 adopts high-strength aluminum alloy (such as 6061-T6), and the strength is improved through heat treatment, reducing the weight by 30%-50% compared with traditional steel rods. The telescopic rod groups arranged symmetrically up and down form a stable triangular support structure, enhancing the ability to resist lateral forces and torsional forces. Especially when operating on turning or uneven plots, it prevents relative sliding between modules. The isosceles trapezoid structure and the high stability of the telescopic rod groups ensure stable operation in complex terrains such as hilly and sloping lands. The positioning probe ends 72 can directly locate the installation positions, avoiding installation deviations and improving the installation efficiency. Specifically, the positioning and adjustment mechanism two 8 includes a drive component 81, a bevel gear transmission system 82, and a lightweight threaded sleeve 83. The drive component 81 drives a transmission shaft 84 through the bevel gear transmission system 82, and the transmission shaft 84 cooperates with the lightweight threaded sleeve 83 to adjust the telescopic amount of the lightweight nested connection truss 7. The driving component 81 serves as a power source, providing rotational motion input. Usually, a stepper motor or a servo motor is selected, which supports high-precision position control. The bevel gear transmission system 82 changes the power transmission direction (converting the horizontal axis rotation into a vertical axis output), and at the same time realizes speed reduction and torque increase. The lightweight threaded sleeve 83 bolted to the side wall of the lightweight fixing frame 2 is matched with the external thread of the transmission shaft 84 through the internal thread, converting the rotational motion into a linear displacement, driving the truss 7 to expand and contract. According to the preset agronomic parameters (such as corn variety, soil fertility), the width of the truss 7 is dynamically adjusted to achieve stepless switching of row spacing from 60 cm to 120 cm. When switching different crops (such as intercropping corn and soybeans), it can be reset to the standard row spacing configuration with one key to improve the operation efficiency; Specifically, the lightweight adjustment and positioning seat 41 is movably connected to the lightweight fixing frame 2 through the lightweight third connecting arm 17. The lightweight fixing frame 2 is provided with a displacement detection mark 26 for redundant verification of the position of the sowing unit 3; The lightweight third connecting arm 17 can move synchronously with the lateral adjustment of the sowing unit, and the position of the sowing unit 3 is verified by comparing with the sleeve and the displacement detection mark 26 at the end. The displacement detection mark 26 is set as black and white scale lines (width 2 - 3 mm) printed or laser engraved on the surface of the lightweight fixing frame 2, and the spacing is set according to actual requirements (such as one grid per 5 mm) to ensure clear visibility by the naked eye. An arrow-shaped pointer (sprayed red) can be set at the end of the connecting arm 17 to align with the scale lines on the fixing frame 2 to form a "pointer-scale" observation interface; Specifically, the distance measuring sensor one 5 and the distance measuring sensor two 9 adopt optical or laser ranging modules to real-time feedback the distance data between the sowing unit 3 and the support module. The signal transmitting end of the distance measuring sensor two 9 directly emits to the sowing unit 3, and the components along the way are provided with through holes 91, and the inner wall of the through hole 91 is provided with a laser reflection coating; The distance measuring sensor one 5 is located on the lightweight fixing frame 2 of the sowing module, aiming at the reflection surface of the central positioning reference seat one 1, and real-time feedbacks the offset of the sowing unit 3 from the reference seat one 1 to ensure the constancy of the narrow row half-spacing. The distance measuring sensor two 9 is located on the central positioning reference seat two 6 of the support module, aiming at the sowing unit 3 of the adjacent sowing module, and real-time feedbacks the offset of the sowing unit 3 from the support module to ensure the constancy of the wide row half-spacing. Laser is emitted through the through hole 91 of the support module, and the signal is enhanced by the inner wall reflection coating to monitor the relative displacement between the sowing modules and prevent deviation of the wide row spacing due to terrain undulation or mechanical vibration.

[0024] A sowing method for a corn staggered seeder includes the following steps: S1, row spacing setting and calibration: Set the half-spacing threshold of the distance measuring sensor one 5 and the distance measuring sensor two 9 according to the target row spacing; Start the seeder, drive the first positioning and adjusting mechanism 4 through the drive motor 44 to move the seeding unit 3 to the initial position, and calibrate the zero point of the first ranging sensor 5; Adjust the height of the lightweight lifting base 62 through the threaded drive assembly 622 so that the furrow opener 10 of the seeding unit 3 contacts the ground, and calibrate the seeding depth.

[0025] S2, Dynamic seeding and real-time adjustment: The first ranging sensor 5 monitors the distance between the seeding unit 3 and the first central positioning reference base 1 in real time. If the narrow row half-spacing deviation > 1 mm, drive the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod 43 of the first positioning and adjusting mechanism 4 to move the seeding unit 3 to correct the row spacing; The second ranging sensor 9 emits laser through the through hole 91 of the support module, and the signal is enhanced by the inner wall reflection coating. It monitors the distance between adjacent seeding modules in real time. If the wide row half-spacing deviation > 2 mm, drive the lightweight threaded sleeve 83 of the second positioning and adjusting mechanism 8 to adjust the telescopic amount of the nested connecting truss 7 to correct the wide row spacing; Through the collaborative feedback and dynamic adjustment of the double ranging sensors, flexible expansion of the number of rows for narrow row close planting and wide row intercropping is achieved.

[0026] S3, Redundancy check and fault handling: Manually check the position of the seeding unit 3 through the displacement detection mark 26 of the lightweight fixing frame 2. If the data deviation from the first ranging sensor 5 > 3 mm, trigger the system self-check; When the first ranging sensor 5 or the second ranging sensor 9 fails, switch to the ranging data of the adjacent seeding module to maintain the logic of alternating narrow and wide row seeding.

[0027] S4, Multi-crop intercropping mode switching: Through the second positioning and adjusting mechanism 8, reset the nested connecting truss 7 to the preset wide row spacing with one key to adapt to the intercropping requirements of corn and soybeans; Replace the seed clamping component of the finger clip seeder 11 to match the seed sizes of different crops.

[0028] S5, Maintenance after seeding: After the operation is completed, lift the lightweight lifting base 62 through the threaded drive assembly 622 to disengage from the ground contact; Clean the dust on the inner wall of the through hole 91, check the reflectivity of the laser reflection coating, and if < 90%, spray and repair it; Lubricate and maintain the aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42 and the lightweight threaded sleeve 83 to eliminate the mechanical wear gap.

[0029] Working principle: This device realizes the alternating staggered seeding of narrow and wide rows of corn through modular structure design and collaborative feedback control of double sensors. The core goal is to accurately control the row spacing, adapt to complex terrains and the intercropping requirements of multiple crops.

[0030] Module Collaboration and Positioning Reference Sowing module (narrow row control, narrow row adjustment range: 30 - 60 cm, suitable for close planting and intercropping): The central positioning reference seat 1 serves as the axis of symmetry of the sowing module, and the sowing units 3 are mirror - distributed on both sides.

[0031] The positioning adjustment mechanism 1 drives the sowing unit 3 to move horizontally through the aluminum alloy guide rail 42 and the reciprocating drive rod 43 to adjust the narrow - row half - pitch (e.g., 15 cm).

[0032] The distance - measuring sensor 1 monitors the distance between the sowing unit 3 and the central positioning reference seat 1 in real - time. When the error exceeds the threshold value (±1 mm), dynamic adjustment is triggered.

[0033] Support module (wide row control, wide row adjustment range: 50 - 120 cm, suitable for drought resistance, ventilation and relay cropping requirements): The central positioning reference seat 2 connects adjacent sowing modules and adjusts the module spacing through the telescopic nested truss 7.

[0034] The positioning adjustment mechanism 2 drives the truss to expand and contract by the bevel gear 82 and the threaded sleeve 83 to adjust the wide - row half - pitch (e.g., 30 cm).

[0035] The distance - measuring sensor 2 monitors the distance between adjacent modules through the laser - reflecting coating on the inner wall of the through - hole 91. When the error exceeds the limit (±2 mm), correction is made.

[0036] This device can be equipped with an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) according to requirements, which is used to monitor the body attitude (roll angle, pitch angle, yaw angle) in real - time, dynamically compensate for the sowing depth and row - spacing deviation caused by terrain undulation or body vibration. It can be integrated on the central positioning reference seat 2 of the support module. The central positioning reference seat 2 is located at the geometric center of the modular structure. Installing the IMU can accurately reflect the attitude of the whole machine (roll angle, pitch angle), forming a complement with the distance - measuring sensor and improving the fault - tolerance ability of the system. The IMU is a common technical means in the prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0037] Operation Process of Sowing Unit Ditching: The lightweight ditching tool 10 forms a seed furrow in the soil, and the depth is adjusted by the lifting base 62.

[0038] Sowing: The finger - clip type seeder 11 precisely seeds according to the preset plant spacing, and the seed clamping force is adjustable (suitable for different seeds such as corn and soybean).

[0039] Soil covering and compaction: The lightweight soil - covering tool 12 covers the seeds, and the flattening tool 13 adapts to the terrain undulation through the elastic mechanism (spring 135) to compact the soil.

[0040] Dynamic Adjustment and Redundancy Mechanism Real-time feedback control: The ranging sensors 5 and 9 transmit data to the central controller via the CAN bus, driving the drive motor 44 and the threaded sleeve 83 to perform row spacing correction.

[0041] Redundancy check: The displacement detection marker 26 cooperates with the pointer of the third connecting arm 17 to manually check the position of the seeding unit (an alarm is issued when the error > 3 mm). When a single sensor fails, the data of the adjacent module is switched to maintain the operation.

[0042] Lightweight and High Rigidity Design Material selection: Key components (fixed frame 2, truss 7, connecting arms 14 / 16) are made of aluminum alloy (6061-T6) or carbon fiber composite material, reducing the weight by 30% - 50% compared with the traditional steel structure. The guide rail 42 and the drive rod 43 are subjected to hard anodizing treatment, and the wear resistance is increased by 3 times.

[0043] Structure optimization: The fixed beam 25 at the four corners of the fixed frame 2 and the bottom reinforcement plate 24 form a torsion-resistant frame to resist soil resistance and vibration loads. The isosceles trapezoid design of the support frame 61 enhances the ability to resist lateral forces and is suitable for working on sloping land.

[0044] Multi-scenario Adaptability Close planting and intercropping modes: Narrow-row close planting: 30 cm narrow rows (for corn) are suitable for high-density planting, increasing the number of plants per mu by 15%; Wide-row intercropping: 60 cm wide rows for intercropping soybeans, and the configuration can be quickly switched by resetting the nested truss 7 with one key.

[0045] Operation on complex terrain: The universal wheel assembly 621 cooperates with the lifting base 62 to adapt to sloping land (≤15°) and uneven plots. The elastic mechanism of the flattener 13 automatically compensates for terrain undulations, and the compaction uniformity error < 5%.

[0046] Quick maintenance and expansion: The seeding unit 3 has a quick-release design (clip / bolt). It only takes 10 minutes to change the seed type. The modular assembly supports increasing or decreasing the number of seeding units to adapt to different scales of farmland.

[0047] Example 1: Close Planting and Sowing of Corn in Ordinary Farmland Scenario setting: Close planting and sowing of corn are carried out in a flat farmland. The target row spacing is 30 cm narrow rows (half spacing 15 cm), and the sowing depth is 5 cm.

[0048] Operation steps: Preparations before sowing: Equipment inspection and calibration: Check all components of the seeding module and the support module to ensure that there is no jamming in the aluminum alloy positioning guide rail 42 and the reciprocating drive rod 43, and calibrate the ranging sensor 5 and the ranging sensor 9 to ensure accurate zero points.

[0049] Parameter setting: Set the narrow-row half-spacing to 15 cm and the wide-row half-spacing to 30 cm (select according to the intercropping requirements), set the seeding depth to 5 cm, and the traveling speed to 3 km / h.

[0050] Seed loading: Load the corn seeds into the finger-type seeder 11 of the seeding unit 3 to ensure that the seed bin is full.

[0051] Seeding process: Start and travel: Start the power system of the seeder, set the traveling speed to 3 km / h, and start traveling.

[0052] Real-time monitoring and adjustment: The distance measuring sensor 1 - 5 monitors the distance between the seeding unit 3 and the central positioning reference seat 1 - 1 in real time to ensure that the narrow-row half-spacing is 15 cm, and the distance measuring sensor 2 - 9 monitors the distance between adjacent seeding modules in real time to ensure that the wide-row half-spacing is 30 cm.

[0053] Precise seeding execution: According to the feedback of the distance measuring sensor, the positioning adjustment mechanism 1 - 4 and the positioning adjustment mechanism 2 - 8 dynamically adjust the position of the seeding unit to ensure accurate row spacing.

[0054] Dynamic adjustment: Data acquisition and analysis: The central control system receives the distance measuring data in real time, analyzes the position deviation of the seeding unit. In the case of adding an IMU, the seeding depth and row spacing can be dynamically adjusted by combining the IMU data to compensate for the deviation caused by uneven ground or mechanical vibration.

[0055] Dynamic parameter optimization: Dynamically adjust the seeding depth and speed according to soil humidity and density to ensure uniform distribution of seeds.

[0056] Maintenance after seeding: Equipment stop and inspection: After seeding is completed, stop the seeder and check the operating status of all components.

[0057] Cleaning and maintenance: Clean the soil on the distance measuring sensor and the reflection coating to ensure normal signal for the next use, lubricate and maintain the aluminum alloy guide rail 42 and the threaded sleeve 83 to extend the service life.

[0058] Data recording and analysis: Record the row spacing, depth and speed data during seeding, analyze the seeding quality, and optimize the seeding parameters for the next time.

[0059] Example 2: Quick replacement of row spacing configuration Scenario setting: In the same farmland, dynamically adjust the row spacing configuration according to the soil fertility distribution. Narrow the row spacing and increase the density in fertile areas, and widen the row spacing and reduce competition in barren areas.

[0060] Operation steps: Preparation before seeding: Equipment Inspection and Calibration: Check the flexibility of the positioning adjustment mechanism 1 and the positioning adjustment mechanism 2 to ensure that the row spacing can be quickly adjusted. Calibrate the distance measurement sensor 1 and the distance measurement sensor 2 to ensure the measurement accuracy.

[0061] Parameter Setting: Set the default narrow row half-spacing to 15 cm and the wide row half-spacing to 30 cm. According to the soil fertility map, preset the row spacing adjustment parameters for different regions.

[0062] Seed Loading: Load the corn seeds into the sowing unit 3.

[0063] Sowing Process: Startup and Travel: Start the seeder, set the travel speed to 3 km / h, and start traveling. Real-time Monitoring and Adjustment: The distance measurement sensor 1 and the distance measurement sensor 2 monitor the position of the sowing unit in real time to ensure the accuracy of the row spacing. According to the soil fertility sensor data, dynamically adjust the row spacing configuration.

[0064] Precision Sowing Execution: According to the sensor feedback, dynamically adjust the position and row spacing of the sowing unit to ensure that the row spacing is reduced in fertile areas and expanded in barren areas.

[0065] Dynamic Adjustment: Data Collection and Analysis: The central control system receives the distance measurement and soil fertility data in real time, analyzes the position deviation and row spacing change of the sowing unit, and dynamically adjusts the row spacing according to the soil fertility distribution to optimize the sowing density.

[0066] Dynamic Parameter Optimization: Dynamically adjust the sowing speed and row spacing according to the soil humidity and density to optimize the sowing quality.

[0067] Maintenance after Sowing: Equipment Stop and Inspection: After completing sowing, stop the seeder and check the operating status of all components.

[0068] Cleaning and Maintenance: Clean the soil on the distance measurement sensor and the reflective coating to ensure normal signal during the next use. Lubricate and maintain the aluminum alloy guide rail 42 and the threaded sleeve 83 to extend their service life.

[0069] Data Recording and Analysis: Record the row spacing, depth, and speed data during sowing, analyze the sowing quality, and optimize the sowing parameters for the next time.

[0070] Example 3: Switching between Multi-crop Intercropping Modes Scenario Setting: In the same farmland, alternately plant corn and soybeans. The target narrow row is 30 cm (half-spacing 15 cm), and the wide row is 60 cm (half-spacing 30 cm).

[0071] Operation Steps: Preparation before Sowing: Equipment inspection and calibration: Check the flexibility of the first positioning and adjusting mechanism 4 and the second positioning and adjusting mechanism 8 to ensure that the row spacing can be quickly adjusted. Calibrate the first distance measuring sensor 5 and the second distance measuring sensor 9 to ensure measurement accuracy.

[0072] Parameter setting: Set the narrow row half spacing to 15 cm, the wide row half spacing to 30 cm, the corn sowing depth to 5 cm, and the soybean sowing depth to 4 cm.

[0073] Seed loading: Load corn seeds and soybean seeds into the corresponding sowing units 3 respectively.

[0074] Sowing process: Start and travel: Start the seeder, set the travel speed to 3 km / h, and start traveling.

[0075] Real-time monitoring and adjustment: The first distance measuring sensor 5 and the second distance measuring sensor 9 monitor the position of the sowing unit in real time to ensure accurate row spacing, and dynamically switch the row spacing configuration according to the preset intercropping pattern.

[0076] Precision sowing execution: Dynamically adjust the position and sowing depth of the sowing unit according to the sensor feedback to ensure that corn and soybeans are sown at the set row spacing and depth respectively.

[0077] Dynamic adjustment: Data collection and analysis: The central control system receives the distance measuring and depth data in real time, and analyzes the position deviation of the sowing unit and the change of sowing depth.

[0078] According to the preset mode, dynamically adjust the row spacing configuration to ensure the alternate planting of corn and soybeans.

[0079] Dynamic parameter optimization: Dynamically adjust the sowing speed and depth according to soil humidity and density to optimize sowing quality.

[0080] Maintenance after sowing: Equipment stop and inspection: After sowing is completed, stop the seeder and check the operating status of all components.

[0081] Cleaning and maintenance: Clean the soil on the distance measuring sensor and the reflective coating to ensure normal signal during the next use. Lubricate and maintain the aluminum alloy guide rail 42 and the threaded sleeve 83 to extend their service life.

[0082] Data recording and analysis: Record the row spacing, depth, and speed data during sowing, analyze the sowing quality, and optimize the sowing parameters for the next time.

[0083] It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A corn staggered seeder, comprising a plurality of seeding modules and a support module, characterized in that: The support module is arranged at both ends of the seeding module, and a plurality of seeding modules are sequentially connected through the support module and share adjacent support modules; The seeding module includes a first central positioning reference seat (1), a lightweight fixing frame (2), a seeding unit (3), a first positioning and adjusting mechanism (4) and a first distance measuring sensor (5). The first central positioning reference seat (1) is fixed in the middle of the lightweight fixing frame (2). The seeding units (3) are mirror-distributed on both sides of the first central positioning reference seat (1) through the first positioning and adjusting mechanism (4). The first distance measuring sensor (5) is integrated on the first central positioning reference seat (1) to monitor the distance between the seeding units (3); The support module includes a second central positioning reference seat (6), a lightweight nested connection truss (7), a second positioning and adjusting mechanism (8) and a second distance measuring sensor (9). The lightweight nested connection trusses (7) are mirror-distributed on both sides of the second central positioning reference seat (6) and are connected to the lightweight fixing frame (2). The telescopic amount is adjusted through the second positioning and adjusting mechanism (8). The second distance measuring sensor (9) measures the distance between the support module and the seeding unit (3); The seeding unit (3) integrates a lightweight furrow opener (10), a finger clip seeder (11), a lightweight soil covering device (12) and a lightweight flattening device (13).

2. The maize offset seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightweight fixing frame (2) includes four-corner positioning plates (21), a lightweight central fixing plate (22), connecting plates (23), bottom reinforcement plates (24) and four-corner fixing beams (25). The four-corner fixing beams (25) are distributed in a rectangle and the ends are fixed to the four-corner positioning plates (21). The lightweight central fixing plate (22) is fixed to the center of the four-corner positioning plates (21) through the connecting plates (23). The bottom reinforcement plates (24) are connected to the four-corner positioning plates (21) at the lower end. The first central positioning reference seat (1) is fixed in the middle of the four-corner fixing beams (25).

3. The corn staggered seeder according to claim 1, wherein: The first positioning and adjusting mechanism (4) includes a lightweight adjusting and positioning seat (41), an aluminum alloy positioning guide rail (42), an aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod (43), a drive motor (44) and a gear transmission component (45). The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail (42) and the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod (43) symmetrically penetrate through the first central positioning reference seat (1) and are movably connected to the lightweight fixing frame (2). The lightweight adjusting and positioning seats (41) are mirror-set on both sides of the first central positioning reference seat (1). The aluminum alloy positioning guide rail (42) slidably penetrates through the lightweight adjusting and positioning seats (41). The aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod (43) cooperates with the lightweight adjusting and positioning seats (41) through a reciprocating thread structure. The drive motor (44) is connected to the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod (43) through the gear transmission component (45). The seeding unit (3) is installed on the lightweight adjusting and positioning seats (41).

4. The corn staggered seeding machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lightweight furrow opener (10) is movably installed at the front end of the lightweight adjustment and positioning seat (41) through the lightweight first connecting arm (14). The finger-type seeder (11) is fixed in the accommodation groove (15) of the lightweight adjustment and positioning seat (41). The lightweight soil covering device (12) and the lightweight flattening device (13) are installed at the rear end of the lightweight fixing frame (2) through the lightweight second connecting arm (16). The lightweight flattening device (13) includes a connecting frame (131), a flattening roller (132) and an elastic flattening mechanism. The connecting frame (131) is fixed to the end of the lightweight second connecting arm (16) by bolts. The flattening roller (132) is movably arranged in the connecting frame (131) and is rotatably installed at both ends through a clamping seat assembly (133). The elastic flattening mechanism consists of a lifting rod (134) and a spring (135). The lifting rod (134) vertically penetrates the guiding hole of the connecting frame (131), and the spring (135) is sleeved on the lifting rod (134).

5. The corn staggered seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central positioning reference seat two (6) includes a lightweight support frame (61) and a lightweight lifting base (62). The lightweight support frame (61) is fixed by an upper frame (611) and a lower frame (612) through a hollow connecting plate (613). The upper frame (611) is shorter than the lower frame (612), forming an isosceles trapezoid design. The lightweight lifting base (62) includes a liftable lightweight universal wheel assembly (621), and the height is adjusted through a threaded drive assembly (622).

6. The maize staggered seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightweight nested connecting truss (7) includes lightweight telescopic rod groups (71) symmetrically distributed up and down. The two ends are respectively connected to the lightweight fixing frame (2) and the central positioning reference seat two (6), showing an isosceles trapezoid distribution. A positioning probe end (72) is provided at the end of the lightweight telescopic rod group (71), and the lightweight telescopic rod group (71) is made of an aluminum alloy tube.

7. The maize staggered seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning and adjustment mechanism two (8) includes a drive assembly (81), a bevel gear transmission system (82) and a lightweight threaded sleeve (83). The drive assembly (81) drives a transmission shaft (84) through the bevel gear transmission system (82), and the transmission shaft (84) cooperates with the lightweight threaded sleeve (83) to adjust the telescopic amount of the lightweight nested connecting truss (7).

8. The maize staggered seeding machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lightweight adjustment and positioning seat (41) is movably connected to the lightweight fixing frame (2) through the lightweight third connecting arm (17). A displacement detection mark (26) is provided on the lightweight fixing frame (2) for redundant verification of the position of the seeding unit (3).

9. The maize staggered seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance measuring sensor one (5) and the distance measuring sensor two (9) adopt an optical or laser distance measuring module to real-time feedback the distance data between the seeding unit (3) and the support module. The signal transmitting end of the distance measuring sensor two (9) directly transmits to the seeding unit (3), and through holes (91) are provided on the components along the way, and a laser reflection coating is provided on the inner wall of the through holes (91).

10. A sowing method for a corn staggered seeder according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Including the following steps: S1, Row spacing setting and calibration: Set the half-spacing threshold of the distance measuring sensor one (5) and the distance measuring sensor two (9) according to the target row spacing; Start the seeder, drive the positioning and adjustment mechanism one (4) through the drive motor (44) to move the seeding unit (3) to the initial position, and calibrate the zero point of the distance measuring sensor one (5). Adjust the height of the lightweight lifting base (62) through the threaded drive assembly (622) so that the furrow opener (10) of the seeding unit (3) contacts the ground and calibrates the seeding depth; S2, Dynamic seeding and real-time adjustment: The distance measuring sensor 1 (5) monitors the distance between the seeding unit (3) and the central positioning reference base 1 (1) in real time. If the narrow row half-spacing deviation > 1 mm, drive the aluminum alloy reciprocating drive rod (43) of the positioning adjustment mechanism 1 (4) to move the seeding unit (3) to correct the row spacing; The distance measuring sensor 2 (9) emits laser through the through hole (91) of the support module, enhances the signal through the inner wall reflection coating, and monitors the adjacent seeding module spacing in real time. If the wide row half-spacing deviation > 2 mm, drive the lightweight threaded sleeve (83) of the positioning adjustment mechanism 2 (8) to adjust the telescopic amount of the nested connection truss (7) to correct the wide row spacing; Through the collaborative feedback and dynamic adjustment of the dual distance measuring sensors, the flexible expansion of the number of rows for narrow row close planting and wide row intercropping is realized; S3, Redundancy check and fault handling: Manually check the position of the seeding unit (3) through the displacement detection mark (26) of the lightweight fixing frame (2). If the data deviation from the distance measuring sensor 1 (5) > 3 mm, trigger the system self-check; When the distance measuring sensor 1 (5) or the distance measuring sensor 2 (9) fails, switch to the distance measurement data of the adjacent seeding module to maintain the narrow and wide row alternating seeding logic; S4, Multi-crop intercropping mode switching: One-key reset the nested connection truss (7) to the preset wide row spacing through the positioning adjustment mechanism 2 (8) to adapt to the intercropping requirements of corn and soybean; Replace the seed clamping component of the finger clip seeder (11) to match the seed sizes of different crops; S5, Maintenance after seeding: After the operation is completed, lift the lightweight lifting base (62) through the threaded drive assembly (622) to disengage from the ground contact; Clean the dust on the inner wall of the through hole (91), check the reflectivity of the laser reflection coating. If < 90%, spray and repair it; Lubricate and maintain the aluminum alloy positioning guide rail (42) and the lightweight threaded sleeve (83) to eliminate the mechanical wear gap.

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