A rice precision air-suction seed metering device and seeding method, and rice cultivation equipment

Abstract

The present invention relates to rice cultivation technology, and specifically to a rice precision air-suction seed metering device and seeding method, and a rice cultivation device. A rice precision air-suction seed metering device comprises a seed metering device housing, a seeding tray, a seed supply mechanism, and a seeding shaft mechanism. The seeding shaft mechanism drives the seeding tray to rotate within the seed metering device housing. The seed metering device housing comprises a seed chamber housing and an air chamber housing. The front sides of the seed chamber housing and the seeding tray form a seed space, and the rear sides of the air chamber housing and the seeding tray form an air chamber space. The seeding tray is provided with circular seed suction holes. The seed metering device further comprises a seed unloading brush and an anti-blocking brush. Grooves are provided in front of and behind the seed suction holes, respectively. In the seed unloading area, the seed unloading brush provided in the seed space and the anti-blocking brush provided in the air chamber space are arranged front and back to brush off seeds stuck in the seed suction holes. The present invention effectively prevents clogging of the seed suction holes and improves the success rate of seed suction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a rice cultivation technology, in particular to a rice precision air suction seed metering device, a rice precision air suction seed metering method, and a rice cultivation device. Background Art

[0002] Rice is one of my country's most important food crops, widely cultivated in southern provinces and an integral part of people's daily lives. Hybrid rice, with its significant advantages of strong tillering ability and high yield, has been widely promoted in southern my country. A stable supply of hybrid rice plays a vital role in ensuring food security.

[0003] Mechanized rice planting in my country primarily focuses on direct seeding and transplanting. Compared to mechanical transplanting, direct seeding offers advantages such as lower production costs, fewer steps, and labor savings, significantly reducing production costs. In recent years, it has become a key focus of agricultural technology promotion. The seed meter is a core component of a rice direct seeding machine, and its performance ultimately impacts the quality of the hole seeder. Pneumatic seed meters, with their simple structure, efficient operation, and minimal seed damage, meet the precision seeding requirements of hybrid rice.

[0004] However, existing pneumatic seed meters still have some technical issues. For one thing, the seed suction holes of existing seed meters are prone to clogging, resulting in unstable seed suction and affecting seeding accuracy. Furthermore, the lack of an effective isolation design between the seed disc and the seed chamber shell causes seeds to easily fly out or get stuck in gaps during rotation and adsorption on the disc, potentially causing seed damage. Furthermore, pneumatic seed meters have a low seed filling rate, and seeds are easily affected by airflow fluctuations during the seeding process, which can easily lead to uneven seed adsorption.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the seed suction stability of the seed metering device and avoid clogging of the suction holes has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the current rice precision air suction seed metering device. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a rice precision air suction seed metering device and a seeding method to avoid clogging of the seed suction holes.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a rice cultivation device.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] The seeding device is a precision air-suction seeding device for rice, comprising a seeding device housing, a seeding disk, a seed supply mechanism, and a seeding shaft mechanism, wherein the seeding shaft mechanism drives the seeding disk to rotate in the seeding device housing; the seeding device housing comprises a seed chamber housing and an air chamber housing, the seed chamber housing and the front side of the seeding disk form a seed space, and the air chamber housing and the rear side of the seeding disk form an air chamber space; a circle of seed suction holes is provided on the seeding disk; one side of the seed space is a seed filling area, and the other side is a seed unloading area, and the air chamber space is divided into a positive-pressure air chamber and a negative-pressure air chamber, the negative-pressure air chamber is arranged corresponding to the seed filling area, and the positive-pressure air chamber is arranged corresponding to the seed unloading area; the seeding device also comprises a seed unloading brush and an anti-blocking brush; grooves are respectively arranged in front of and behind the seed suction hole; in the seed unloading area, the seed unloading brush arranged in the seed space and the anti-blocking brush arranged in the air chamber space are arranged front and back to brush off the seeds stuck in the seed suction hole.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, two circles of seed suction holes are provided on the seed disc, and the inner and outer circles of seed suction holes are opposite to each other; the groove in front of the seed suction hole is an elliptical groove, and each seed suction hole corresponds to an elliptical groove; the groove behind the seed suction hole is a rectangular groove, and one rectangular groove covers the two seed suction holes corresponding to the inner and outer circles; the anti-blocking brush covers a single rectangular groove.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the anti-blocking brush is installed in the air chamber shell through a pressure mechanism; the pressure mechanism includes a base, a rotating shaft, a spring, a support rod, and a roller core; the base is fixedly connected to the inner side of the air chamber shell, one end of the support rod is rotatably connected to the base through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the support rod is provided with a rotatable roller core, and the anti-blocking brush is cylindrical and is sleeved on the outside of the roller core; a spring is provided between the middle part of the support rod and the base to press the anti-blocking brush and fit it to the surface of the seed disk.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, a seed guide flow disturbance structure is provided between circumferentially adjacent seed suction holes; the seed guide flow disturbance structure is an isosceles trapezoidal protrusion with a smaller inner side and a larger outer side; a plurality of isosceles trapezoidal protrusions are arranged in a circle and evenly distributed around the circumference.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, a precision air suction seed metering device for rice also includes a C-shaped isolation ring; a mounting groove is provided on the rear side of the seed chamber shell, and the isolation ring is fixed in the mounting groove; a circular groove is provided on the front side of the seed disc, and the isolation ring is embedded in the circular groove and slides relative to the circular groove; the opening of the isolation ring is set corresponding to the seed unloading area.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, an inner arc plate is provided in the air chamber shell, and the inner arc plate is a C-shaped annular structure. The inner arc plate divides the air chamber space into a negative pressure air chamber and a positive pressure air chamber. The inner side of the C-shaped annular structure is a negative pressure air chamber, and the outer side is a positive pressure air chamber. The positive pressure air chamber is arranged corresponding to the unloading area; the outer ring edge of the C-shaped annular structure is provided with a circle of installation grooves, and a sealing rubber ring to ensure the air tightness of the negative pressure air chamber is embedded in the installation groove.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the seeding shaft mechanism includes a transmission shaft, a sprocket, a fixing ring, a bearing, a flat key, a hexagonal flange nut and a gasket; the transmission shaft includes a first shaft section, a second shaft section, a third shaft section and a fourth shaft section arranged in sequence from back to front, the shaft diameters from the first shaft section to the third shaft section increase in sequence, and the shaft diameter of the fourth shaft section is smaller than that of the third shaft section; the fixing ring fixes the bearing in the second shaft section, and the bearing cooperates with the air chamber housing; the sprocket is fixed to the first shaft section by a flat key; the gasket is sleeved on the fourth shaft section and is pressed against the front end of the third shaft section, the seeding disk is sleeved on the fourth shaft section, and the front end of the fourth shaft section is provided with an external thread, and the hexagonal flange nut is screwed into the external thread to press the seeding disk and the gasket; the seeding disk and the gasket are locked by positioning pins.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the seed chamber shell is provided with a seed inlet and a seed discharge port, the seed inlet is connected to the seed supply mechanism and is arranged corresponding to the seed filling area, and the seed discharge port is arranged below the seed unloading area; the seed chamber shell and the air chamber shell are connected by tightening screws.

[0017] A precision air-suction seeding method for rice adopts a precision air-suction seeding device for rice. After the rice seeds enter the seed filling area in the seed space from a seed supply mechanism, the seeds are adsorbed on the seed suction holes by the action of the negative pressure air chamber in the air chamber space and rotate with the seeding disk. After the seeds reach the seed unloading area, they fall under the action of the positive pressure air chamber in the air chamber space and are discharged from the seed discharge port. The seeds stuck in the seed suction holes and unable to fall are brushed off by the combined action of the seed unloading brush and the anti-blocking brush and are discharged from the seed discharge port.

[0018] The invention discloses rice cultivation equipment equipped with a rice precision air suction type seed metering device.

[0019] The principle of the present invention is:

[0020] An anti-blocking brush is added. Through the linkage of the seed unloading brush and the anti-blocking brush, the seeds stuck in the seed suction hole that cannot fall normally are swept down to avoid clogging of the seed suction hole.

[0021] The seeding disc structure, the connection structure between the seeding disc and the seed chamber shell, the sealing structure of the negative pressure air chamber, the quick assembly and disassembly structure of the seeding shaft mechanism, and the quick assembly and disassembly structure of the entire seeding device are optimized and designed.

[0022] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] 1. Effectively avoid clogging of the seed suction hole.

[0024] When seeds are attracted to the seed-absorbing holes at certain angles, such as at the tip of a seed, they become stuck in the holes and difficult to remove. The front-mounted seed-discharging brush alone cannot remove them. The bristles of the seed-discharging brush maintain contact with the front of the seed tray, sweeping and dislodging the seeds from the front. The bristles of the anti-clogging brush pass through the grooves and the seed-absorbing holes, pushing and dislodging the seeds from the back. The combined action of these two brushes ensures that all seeds are removed, preventing clogging.

[0025] 2. The rear of the seeding hole features a rectangular groove, and the anti-clogging brush roller fits snugly into the groove through spring preload. As the seed disc rotates, friction drives the brush roller in sync, ensuring the bristles pass through the seeding hole from back to front, applying sufficient thrust to the rear of the seed.

[0026] 3. The seed tray features two rows of seed suction holes, each centered on an elliptical groove, ensuring a more stable and reliable suction process. A seed guide and flow disturbance structure located between the holes continuously disrupts seed accumulation, improving seed mobility within the metering device and boosting the success rate of seed suction. The trapezoidal seed guide and flow disturbance structure further disrupts seed accumulation.

[0027] 4. An isolation ring is set between the seed disc and the seed chamber shell, which is fixed by double groove nesting to prevent seeds from flying out or getting stuck in the gap during high-speed rotation, and at the same time prevent the seeds from being squeezed and damaged by the edge of the structure.

[0028] 5. The air chamber housing is divided into a negative-pressure chamber and a positive-pressure chamber by an inner curved plate, optimizing the airflow path and ensuring stable airflow. The installation of mounting slots and a sealing rubber ring effectively enhances the air chamber's tightness and negative pressure stability. This stable negative pressure environment allows seeds to be stably adsorbed on the seed suction hole, preventing them from falling due to airflow fluctuations during rotation and ensuring precise seed discharge.

[0029] 6. The seeding shaft adopts a multi-section structural design. The key parts are supported and fixed by multiple limiting components such as positioning rings, pads, bearings and positioning pins, which reduces the vibration and dislocation of components.

[0030] 7. The seeding shaft mechanism and the seeding device as a whole adopt a quick disassembly and assembly design, which makes it easy to inspect and maintain the seeding device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is an exploded view of the seed metering device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 The present invention is a stereoscopic diagram of cleaning the seed suction hole.

[0033] Figure 3 The figure is a side view of the present invention for cleaning the seed suction hole.

[0034] Figure 4 A three-dimensional diagram from another perspective of the present invention for cleaning the seed suction hole.

[0035] Figure 5 A three-dimensional diagram of the pressure mechanism for installing the anti-clogging brush.

[0036] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the front structure of the seed tray.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a side view and a partial enlarged view of the seed tray.

[0038] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the rear structure of the seed tray.

[0039] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view and a partial enlarged view of the seed tray.

[0040] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the isolation ring between the seed chamber shell and the seed disc.

[0041] Figure 11 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the seed-discharging shaft mechanism.

[0042] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the seed discharging shaft mechanism from another perspective.

[0043] In the figure, 1-seed chamber housing, 2-seed unloading brush, 3-hexagonal flange nut, 4-isolating ring, 5-seed disc, 6-sealing rubber ring, 7-drive shaft, 8-pressure mechanism, 9-bearing, 10-air chamber housing, 11-sleeve, 12-negative pressure port, 13-fixing ring, 14-flat key, 15-sprocket, 16-base, 17-rotating shaft, 18-spring, 19-support rod, 20-roller core, 21-anti-blocking brush, 22-pad, 23-positioning pin, 24-seed suction hole, 25-elliptical groove, 26-rectangular groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific implementation methods.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] The hopper is driven by a hopper and is moved along the hopper surface to move along the hopper surface, and the hopper is moved along the hopper surface to move along the hopper surface. Specifically, the seeds enter the seed filling area from the seed inlet through the seed supply mechanism. Under the action of the negative pressure air chamber, the seeds are adsorbed by the seed suction holes and enter the seed unloading area as the seed disc rotates. Under the action of the positive pressure air chamber, the seeds fall. The stuck seeds are brushed off by the dual action of the seed unloading brush and the anti-blocking brush and sent out from the seed outlet to prevent blockage.

[0047] The seed tray is equipped with two circles of seed holes, with the inner and outer circles facing each other. The grooves in front of the holes are elliptical, with one elliptical groove corresponding to each hole. The grooves behind the holes are rectangular, covering both holes in the inner and outer circles. The anti-clogging brush covers each rectangular groove. Specifically, each hole connects the seed space and the air chamber space, with multiple holes evenly distributed around the circumference and multiple elliptical grooves evenly distributed around the circumference. The rectangular grooves provide transition space for the brush bristles. In this embodiment, the diameter of the holes is 1.5 mm.

[0048] The anti-blocking brush is installed in the air chamber shell through a pressure mechanism; the pressure mechanism includes a base, a rotating shaft, a spring, a support rod, and a roller core; the base is fixedly connected to the inner side of the air chamber shell, one end of the support rod is rotatably connected to the base through a rotating shaft, and the other end of the support rod is provided with a rotatable roller core. The anti-blocking brush is cylindrical and sleeved on the outside of the roller core; a spring is provided between the middle part of the support rod and the base to press the anti-blocking brush tightly and fit it to the surface of the seed disc. Specifically, when the seed disc rotates, the anti-blocking brush is pressed against the back side of the seed disc under the action of the pressure mechanism and rotates synchronously with the seed disc. The advantage of synchronous rotation is that it can prevent the bristles from being worn and deformed, ensuring that the bristles pass through the seed suction holes and sweep the stuck seeds from the back side.

[0049] A seed guiding and disturbing flow structure is arranged between circumferentially adjacent seed suction holes; the seed guiding and disturbing flow structure is an isosceles trapezoidal protrusion with a smaller inner side and a larger outer side; a plurality of isosceles trapezoidal protrusions are arranged in a circle and are evenly distributed around the circumference.

[0050] A precision air-suction seed metering device for rice also includes a C-shaped isolation ring; a mounting groove is provided on the rear side of the seed chamber housing, into which the isolation ring is fixed; a circular groove is provided on the front side of the seeding disc, into which the isolation ring is inserted and slides relative to; the opening of the isolation ring is provided corresponding to the seed unloading area. Specifically, the isolation ring is provided corresponding to the seed filling area to prevent seeds from being crushed by gaps and to prevent seeds from flying out of the seeding disc.

[0051] The air chamber housing is equipped with an inner curved plate. This plate is a C-shaped ring structure that divides the air chamber into a negative pressure chamber and a positive pressure chamber. The negative pressure chamber is located inside the C-shaped ring structure, while the positive pressure chamber is located outside. The positive pressure chamber corresponds to the seed unloading area. The outer edge of the C-shaped ring structure is equipped with a circle of mounting grooves, into which the sealing rubber ring that ensures the airtightness of the negative pressure chamber is embedded. Specifically, the air chamber housing is equipped with a negative pressure port that connects to the fan to create negative pressure within the negative pressure chamber.

[0052] The seeding shaft mechanism includes a drive shaft, a sprocket, a retaining ring, a bearing, a flat key, a hexagonal flange nut, and a backing plate. The drive shaft comprises a first, second, third, and fourth shaft sections, arranged sequentially from back to front. The diameters of the first to third sections increase, and the fourth section has a smaller diameter than the third. The retaining ring secures the bearing to the second section, which mates with the air chamber housing. The sprocket is secured to the first section via a flat key. The backing plate fits over the fourth section and rests against the front end of the third section. The seeding disc fits over the fourth section, which has an external threaded front end. The hexagonal flange nut screws into the external thread to tighten the seeding disc and backing plate. The seeding disc and backing plate are locked together by locating pins. Specifically, a sleeve assists in axial positioning of the components on the drive shaft. The chain drive drives the sprocket, which in turn drives the drive shaft and the seeding disc. The hexagonal flange nut provides preload force to ensure a tight fit between the seeding disc and backing plate. The seeding shaft mechanism adopts a quick disassembly structure, which is convenient for later maintenance and repair of the seeding device.

[0053] The seed chamber housing is equipped with a seed inlet and a seed discharge port. The seed inlet is connected to the seed supply mechanism and is located corresponding to the seed filling area. The seed discharge port is located below the seed discharge area. The seed chamber housing and the air chamber housing are connected by setscrews. Specifically, the seed chamber housing and the air chamber housing adopt a quick-disassembly structure, which facilitates the maintenance and inspection of the seed meter later.

[0054] A precision rice pneumatic seeding method employs a precision rice pneumatic seeding device. The centrifugal fan is activated, and the negative pressure is adjusted to 32 kPa. Hybrid rice seeds are introduced into the seed supply mechanism. After the rice seeds enter the seed filling area within the seed space, they are adsorbed onto the seed suction holes by the negative pressure of the air chamber. The seeds rotate with the seeding disc. After reaching the seed discharge area, the seeds fall due to the positive pressure of the air chamber and are discharged from the seed discharge port. Seeds stuck in the seed suction holes are brushed off by a seed discharge brush and an anti-blocking brush, and discharged from the seed discharge port. A seed guide and flow disturbance structure continuously disturbs the seed layer to prevent seed accumulation. The seed discharge brush and anti-blocking brush simultaneously clean residue from the suction holes to prevent clogging.

[0055] The present invention solves the problems of suction hole blockage, uneven seed adsorption and the like in the existing seed metering device by adding anti-blocking brushes, improving the structure of the seed metering disc and other technical means, thereby improving the seed absorption stability.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] The invention discloses rice cultivation equipment equipped with a rice precision air suction type seed metering device.

[0058] According to the functions required by rice cultivation equipment, corresponding modules are integrated, such as ditching module, power and navigation module, water and fertilizer synchronization module, intelligent monitoring module, etc., to cultivate rice in paddy fields.

[0059] The parts not mentioned in this embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.

[0060] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precision air-suction seed meter for rice, comprising a seed meter housing, a seed tray, a seed supply mechanism, and a seed shaft mechanism, wherein the seed shaft mechanism drives the seed tray to rotate within the seed meter housing; the seed meter housing comprises a seed chamber housing and an air chamber housing, wherein the seed chamber housing and the front side of the seed tray form a seed space, and the air chamber housing and the rear side of the seed tray form an air chamber space; a circle of seed suction holes is provided on the seed tray; one side of the seed space is a seed charging area, and the other side is a seed unloading area, and the air chamber space is divided into a positive pressure air chamber and a negative pressure air chamber, wherein the negative pressure air chamber corresponds to the seed charging area and the positive pressure air chamber corresponds to the seed unloading area, and wherein: The seed meter also includes a seed unloading brush and an anti-blocking brush; grooves are respectively provided in front and behind the seed suction hole; in the seed unloading area, the seed unloading brush arranged in the seed space and the anti-blocking brush arranged in the air chamber space are arranged front and back to brush off the seeds stuck in the seed suction hole; There are two circles of seed suction holes on the seed plate, and the inner and outer circles of seed suction holes are opposite to each other. The groove in front of the seed suction hole is an elliptical groove, and each seed suction hole is provided with an elliptical groove. The groove behind the seed suction hole is a rectangular groove, and one rectangular groove covers the two seed suction holes provided in the inner and outer circles respectively. The anti-blocking brush covers a single rectangular groove. The anti-blocking brush is installed in the air chamber shell through a pressure mechanism; the pressure mechanism includes a base, a rotating shaft, a spring, a support rod, and a roller core; the base is fixedly connected to the inner side of the air chamber shell, one end of the support rod is rotatably connected to the base through the rotating shaft, and the other end of the support rod is provided with a rotatable roller core, and the anti-blocking brush is cylindrical and sleeved on the outside of the roller core; a spring is provided between the middle part of the support rod and the base to press the anti-blocking brush tightly and fit it to the surface of the seed disc; A seed guide and flow disturbance structure is provided between adjacent seed suction holes in the circumferential direction; the seed guide and flow disturbance structure is an isosceles trapezoidal protrusion with a smaller inner side and a larger outer side; multiple isosceles trapezoidal protrusions are arranged in a circle and are evenly distributed around the circumference; An inner arc plate is provided in the air chamber shell, and the inner arc plate is a C-shaped ring structure. The inner arc plate divides the air chamber space into a negative pressure air chamber and a positive pressure air chamber. The inner side of the C-shaped ring structure is a negative pressure air chamber, and the outer side is a positive pressure air chamber. The positive pressure air chamber is set corresponding to the unloading area; the outer ring edge of the C-shaped ring structure is provided with a circle of installation grooves, and the sealing rubber ring that ensures the air tightness of the negative pressure air chamber is embedded in the installation groove.

2. A rice precision air-suction seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a C-shaped isolation ring; a mounting groove is provided on the rear side of the seed chamber shell, and the isolation ring is fixed in the mounting groove; a circular groove is provided on the front side of the seed disc, and the isolation ring is embedded in the circular groove and slides relative to the circular groove; the opening of the isolation ring is set corresponding to the seed unloading area.

3. The rice precision air-suction seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seeding shaft mechanism includes a transmission shaft, a sprocket, a fixing ring, a bearing, a flat key, a hexagonal flange nut and a gasket; the transmission shaft includes a first shaft section, a second shaft section, a third shaft section and a fourth shaft section arranged in sequence from back to front, the shaft diameters of the first shaft section to the third shaft section increase in sequence, and the shaft diameter of the fourth shaft section is smaller than that of the third shaft section; the fixing ring fixes the bearing in the second shaft section, and the bearing cooperates with the air chamber housing; the sprocket is fixed to the first shaft section by a flat key; the gasket is sleeved on the fourth shaft section and is pressed against the front end of the third shaft section, the seeding disc is sleeved on the fourth shaft section, and the front end of the fourth shaft section is provided with an external thread, and the hexagonal flange nut is screwed into the external thread to press the seeding disc and the gasket; the seeding disc and the gasket are locked by positioning pins.

4. The precision air-suction rice seed metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed chamber shell is provided with a seed inlet and a seed discharge port. The seed inlet is connected to the seed supply mechanism and is arranged corresponding to the seed filling area. The seed discharge port is arranged below the seed unloading area. The seed chamber shell and the air chamber shell are connected by tightening screws.

5. A rice precision pneumatic seeding method, using a rice precision pneumatic seeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: After the rice seeds enter the seed filling area in the seed space from the seed supply mechanism, the seeds are adsorbed on the seed suction holes through the action of the negative pressure air chamber in the air chamber space and rotate with the seed discharging disk. After the seeds reach the seed unloading area, they fall under the action of the positive pressure air chamber in the air chamber space and are discharged from the seed discharging port. The seeds stuck on the seed suction holes and unable to fall are brushed off by the combined action of the seed unloading brush and the anti-blocking brush and are discharged from the seed discharging port.

6. A rice cultivation device, characterized in that: A rice precision air-suction seed metering device equipped with any one of claims 1 to 4.

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