Pear tree pruning method

Abstract

The invention discloses a pear tree shaping and pruning method which comprises the following steps: step 1, seedling field planting: selecting annual pear seedlings with grafted seedling trunk height of 0.8-1.2 m and three side branches as field planting seedlings, the spacing between every two pear seedlings being 1.5-2.0 m, and the line spacing being 3-4 m; step 2, stem determination: selecting the stems which are free of diseases and have the roots and stems of 1.5-2.5 cm and the stem determination height of 80-85 cm; the three main branches on the sapling are shaped in a binding mode, the tree trunk serves as the original point of a coordinate axis, the three main branches are bound at equal intervals, the angle between every two adjacent main branches is 70-85 degrees, the interval between the main branches in the vertical direction is 65-80 cm, according to the trimmed pear tree, the reflected light of the ground of the orchard is increased by 25-28%, and the reflected light of the ground of the orchard is increased by 25-28%. Due to the fact that the height of the pear tree is controlled to be 3.0-3.3 m, the tree body is short, few in branches and regular, the ventilation and light transmission performance of the tree body is improved, the tree form of the pear tree can be detected in real time from a young tree by introducing a big data image monitoring system, a corresponding pruning adjustment scheme is given for each pear tree form, and the manual pruning efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pear tree shaping and pruning, and particularly relates to a method for shaping and pruning pear trees. Background Art

[0002] Different shaping methods of pear trees have a great impact on their growth. With the development of the economy and the increase in population, the dwarfing and close planting of pear trees have become an inevitable development trend. In recent years, with the increase in planting varieties and the popularization of close planting cultivation, the original multi-main-branch sparse layer shape, scattered hierarchical shape, etc. used for conventional density and white pear system varieties are no longer suitable for the characteristics and planting density of new varieties.

[0003] Tree pruning is mainly to cultivate a firm crown skeleton, build a reasonable individual and population structure, coordinate the above-ground and underground parts of the fruit tree, the harmonious coexistence of inner branches and branches and leaves, the balanced harmony of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and the relationship between the aging and renewal of branch groups, so as to help the fruit tree achieve the goals of early fruiting, high yield, stable yield, high quality, long life and easy management. Improper shaping and pruning or pruning mistakes, unsuitable tree shapes for the growth and fruiting habits of fruit trees, poor tree body structures, and poor ventilation and light transmission of the crown are important reasons for the low yield of fruit trees. A good branch structure is the basis for the high yield of fruit trees.

[0004] After retrieval, the invention patent with the Chinese patent number CN105746287A discloses a method for shaping and pruning pear trees, including the following steps: the saplings are planted in January of the following year; in the summer of the second year, light pinching is carried out, and the branches sprouted at the pruning cut are used as the central main trunk; in the winter of the second year, the central trunk extension branch and the main branches are each cut off the light end part by leaving 60 cm; in the third year, the water sprouts are pinched; in the winter of the fourth year, 2 branches are selected and left on the central trunk extension branch to cultivate as the second-layer main branches; the pruning in each subsequent year is the same as that in the fourth year.

[0005] Compared with the prior art, the method for shaping and pruning pear trees provided by the invention patent with the Chinese patent number CN105746287A can inhibit the vigorous growth of the tree body outward and upward, solve the problems of strong upper part and poor ventilation and light transmission of the tree body, so as to achieve the goals of early fruiting, high yield and stable yield of loquat fruit trees.

[0006] However, the above method is too general in the actual use process and lacks the content of specific tree shape pruning for three-main-branch pear trees. Pruning in the young tree stage is very crucial and affects the subsequent growth of pear trees. After entering the full fruiting period, problems such as crown closure and orchard closure generally occur. At the same time, as the pear tree grows continuously, it requires continuous observation and adjustment by personnel, which is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, a method for shaping and pruning pear trees is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art that there is a lack of content on the specific tree shaping pruning of three-main-branch pear trees, and the pruning in the young tree stage is very crucial, affecting the subsequent growth of pear trees, and to propose a method for shaping and pruning pear trees.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A method for shaping and pruning pear trees, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Seedling planting: Select one-year-old grafted seedlings with a trunk height of 0.8 - 1.2 m and three main branches as the planted seedlings, with a spacing of 1.5 - 2.0 m between each plant and a row spacing of 3 - 4 m;

[0011] Step 2: Trunk height determination: Select those without diseases, with a rootstock diameter of 1.5 - 2.5 cm, and a trunk height determination of 80 - 85 cm;

[0012] Step 3: Young tree shaping: Perform binding shaping on the three main branches of the young tree. Taking the trunk as the origin of the coordinate axis, the three main branches are bundled at equal intervals, with an angle of 70 - 85° between adjacent main branches, so that the interval between the main branches in the vertical direction is 65 - 80 cm;

[0013] Step 4: Young tree pruning: Leave 7 - 8 plump buds under the pruning cut, and completely remove all the useless buds below;

[0014] Step 5: Secondary pruning: The time for secondary pruning is three years after planting. During the pruning process, maintain the tree shape and cultivate fruiting branches and fruiting branch groups on the main branches;

[0015] Step 6: Regular adjustment: Introduce a big data image monitoring system to monitor the planted pear trees in real time, and at the same time adjust the posture of the pear trees with abnormal growth.

[0016] The above technical solutions further include:

[0017] When the weak seedlings are less than 80 - 85 cm in trunk height determination, they can be short-cut at the plump bud 10 cm from the ground, and the trunk height can be determined again in the following winter.

[0018] During the process of young tree shaping, fix the lower ends of the two main branches with wooden bamboo strips, select the 40 - 45 cm position between the main branch and the trunk as the vertical stretching node, and stretch the main branch above this node vertically upward to maintain the apical dominance of the main branch.

[0019] The basal angles of the three main branches are 70 - 75°, retain 3 - 5 lateral fruiting branches, and the spacing between the lateral fruiting branches in a single main branch is 12 - 15 cm.

[0020] During the fruiting period, the overall height of the pear tree is controlled at 3.0 - 3.3 m, and at the same time, maintain the tree shape and adjust the tree posture during the fruiting period.

[0021] When the lateral branches grow out after planting, when the lateral branches reach 12 - 15 cm, the lateral branches of each pear tree are planned through the monitoring system, and the retained lateral branches are supported manually with bamboo sticks.

[0022] As the tree age increases, it is necessary to adjust the planting density. The first adjustment is carried out when the tree age is 10 - 12 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 40. The second adjustment is carried out when the tree age is 20 - 22 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 18 - 20.

[0023] For the bundling of the three main branches, an adjustment frame composed of stainless steel steel pipes is used for fixation, and the adjustment frame is finely adjusted as the pear tree grows.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. In the present invention, for the pear trees pruned as described above, the reflected light on the orchard ground is increased by 25 - 28%. Since the height of the pear tree is controlled at 3.0 - 3.3 m, the tree body is relatively short, the branches are few and regular, thus improving the ventilation and light transmission of the tree body.

[0026] 2. In the present invention, by introducing the big data image monitoring system, the tree shape of the pear tree can be detected in real time from the young tree stage, and a corresponding pruning and adjustment plan is given for the tree shape of each pear tree, thereby improving the efficiency of manual pruning. Specific embodiments

[0027] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] Step 1: Seedling planting: Select a one-year grafted seedling with a trunk height of 0.8 - 1.2 m and three main branches as the planting seedling, with a spacing of 1.5 - 2.0 m between each plant and a row spacing of 3 - 4 m;

[0030] Step 2: Trunk cutting: Select the one without diseases, with a rootstock diameter of 1.5 - 2.5 cm, and the trunk cutting height is 80 - 85 cm;

[0031] Among them, when the thin and weak seedling does not reach the trunk cutting height of 80 - 85 cm, it can be short-cut at the plump bud 10 cm from the ground, and the trunk cutting is carried out again in the following winter;

[0032] Step 3: Young tree shaping: Bind and shape the three main branches of the young tree. Use the tree trunk as the origin of the coordinate axis. Bundle the three main branches at equal intervals, with the angle between adjacent main branches being 70 - 85°, so that the interval between the main branches in the vertical direction is 65 - 80 cm;

[0033] During the shaping of the young tree, fix the lower ends of two main branches with wooden bamboo strips. Select the position 40 - 45 cm from the main branch to the tree trunk as the vertical stretching node, and stretch the main branch vertically upward for the node and the main branch above it to maintain the apical dominance of the main branch;

[0034] The basal angles of the three main branches are 70 - 75°. Retain 3 - 5 lateral fruiting branches. The spacing between lateral fruiting branches on a single main branch is 12 - 15 cm. When the lateral branches grow out after planting, when the lateral branches reach 12 - 15 cm, plan the lateral branches of each pear tree through the monitoring system, and support the retained lateral branches with bamboo sticks manually;

[0035] Use an adjustment frame composed of stainless steel steel pipes to fix the bundling of the three main branches, and fine-tune the adjustment frame as the pear tree grows;

[0036] Step 4: Young tree pruning: Leave 7 - 8 plump buds under the pruning cut, and remove all the useless buds below;

[0037] Step 5: Secondary pruning: The time for secondary pruning is three years after planting. Maintain the tree shape during pruning, and cultivate fruiting branches and fruiting branch groups on the main branches;

[0038] During the fruiting period, control the overall height of the pear tree within 3.0 - 3.3 m. At the same time, maintain the tree shape during the fruiting period and adjust the tree posture;

[0039] As the tree age increases, it is necessary to adjust the planting density. Make the first adjustment when the tree age is 10 - 12 years, and adjust the number of pear trees per mu to 40. Make the second adjustment when the tree age is 20 - 22 years, and adjust the number of pear trees per mu to 18 - 20;

[0040] Step 6: Regular adjustment: Introduce a big data image monitoring system to monitor the planted pear trees in real time, and at the same time adjust the postures of the pear trees with abnormal growth.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Step 1: Seedling planting: Select one-year grafted seedlings with a trunk height of 0.8 - 1.2 m and three main branches as the planting seedlings, with a spacing of 1.5 - 2.0 m between each plant and a row spacing of 3 - 4 m;

[0043] Step 2: Trunk height determination: Select the one without diseases, with a rootstock diameter of 1.5 - 2.5 cm, and the trunk height determination is 80 - 85 cm;

[0044] Among them, when the weak seedlings are less than 80 - 85 cm in the dry height, they can be short - cut at the plump bud 10 cm above the ground, and the dry height can be determined again in the following winter;

[0045] Step 3: Young tree shaping: Bind - type shaping is carried out on the two main branches of the young tree. Taking the tree trunk as the origin of the coordinate axis, the two main branches are bundled at equal intervals, so that the interval between the main branches in the vertical direction is 70 - 75 cm;

[0046] During the shaping of the young tree, the lower ends of the two main branches are fixed with wooden bamboo strips. Select the position 40 - 45 cm from the main branch to the tree trunk as the vertical stretching node, and stretch the main branch vertically upward for the node and the main branch above it to maintain the apical dominance of the main branch;

[0047] Retain 3 - 5 lateral fruiting branches on the two main branches. The spacing between the lateral fruiting branches in a single main branch is 12 - 15 cm. When the lateral branches grow after planting, when the lateral branches reach 12 - 15 cm, the lateral branches of each pear tree are planned through the monitoring system, and the retained lateral branches are supported manually with bamboo sticks;

[0048] The bundling of the two main branches is fixed with an adjustment frame composed of stainless - steel steel pipes, and the adjustment frame is finely adjusted as the pear tree grows;

[0049] Step 4: Young tree pruning: Leave 7 - 8 plump buds under the pruning cut, and all the useless buds below are removed;

[0050] Step 5: Secondary pruning: The time for secondary pruning is three years after planting. During the pruning process, maintain the tree shape and cultivate fruiting branches and fruiting branch groups on the main branches;

[0051] The overall height of the pear tree during the fruiting period is controlled at 3.0 - 3.3 m. At the same time, maintain the tree shape and adjust the tree posture during the fruiting period;

[0052] As the tree age increases, it is necessary to adjust the planting density. The first adjustment is carried out when the tree age is 10 - 12 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 40. The second adjustment is carried out when the tree age is 20 - 22 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 18 - 20;

[0053] Step 6: Regular adjustment: Introduce a big - data image monitoring system to monitor the planted pear trees in real - time, and at the same time adjust the postures of the pear trees with abnormal growth;

[0054] Example 3

[0055] Step 1: Planting: Select a one - year - old grafted pear seedling with a dry height of 0.8 - 1.2 m and three main branches as the planting seedling, with a spacing of 1.5 - 2.0 m between each plant and a row spacing of 3 - 4 m;

[0056] Step 2: Trunk determination: Select a seedling without diseases, with a rootstock diameter of 1.5 - 2.5 cm, and a trunk height of 80 - 85 cm;

[0057] Among them, when the weak seedling is less than the trunk height of 80 - 85 cm, it can be cut short at the plump bud 10 cm above the ground, and the trunk is determined again in the following winter;

[0058] Step 3: Young tree shaping: Carry out binding shaping on the three main branches of the young tree. Taking the trunk as the origin of the coordinate axis, the three main branches are bundled at equal intervals, and the angle between adjacent main branches is 70 - 85°, so that the interval between the main branches in the vertical direction is 65 - 80 cm;

[0059] During the shaping of the young tree, fix the lower ends of two main branches with wooden bamboo strips. Select the position 40 - 45 cm from the main branch to the trunk as the vertical stretching node, and stretch the main branch vertically upward for the node and the main branch above it to maintain the apical dominance of the main branch;

[0060] The basal angles of the three main branches are 70 - 75°, and 3 - 5 lateral fruiting branches are retained. The spacing between the lateral fruiting branches in a single main branch is 12 - 15 cm. When the lateral branches grow out after planting, when the lateral branches reach 12 - 15 cm, the lateral branches of each pear tree are planned through the monitoring system, and the retained lateral branches are supported manually with bamboo sticks;

[0061] The bundling of the three main branches is fixed with an adjustment frame composed of stainless steel steel pipes, and the adjustment frame is finely adjusted as the pear tree grows;

[0062] Step 4: Young tree pruning: Leave 7 - 8 plump buds under the pruning cut, and all the useless buds below are removed;

[0063] Step 5: Secondary pruning: The time for secondary pruning is three years after planting. During the pruning process, maintain the tree shape and cultivate fruiting branches and fruiting branch groups on the main branches;

[0064] The overall height of the pear tree during the fruiting period is controlled at 3.0 - 3.3 m. At the same time, maintain the tree shape and adjust the tree posture during the fruiting period;

[0065] As the tree age increases, it is necessary to adjust the planting density. The first adjustment is carried out when the tree age is 10 - 12 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 40. The second adjustment is carried out when the tree age is 20 - 22 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 18 - 20.

[0066] Example 4

[0067] Step 1: Planting: Select a one-year-old grafted pear seedling with a trunk height of 0.8 - 1.2 m and three main branches as the planting seedling, with a spacing of 1.5 - 2.0 m between each plant and a row spacing of 3 - 4 m;

[0068] Step 2: Trunk determination: Select a tree without diseases, with a rootstock diameter of 1.5 - 2.5 cm and a trunk height of 80 - 85 cm;

[0069] Among them, when the weak seedlings are less than 80 - 85 cm in trunk height, they can be short - cut at the plump buds 10 cm above the ground, and then the trunk can be determined again in the following winter;

[0070] Step 3: Young tree pruning: Leave 7 - 8 plump buds below the pruning cut, and remove all the useless buds below;

[0071] Step 4: Secondary pruning: The time for secondary pruning is three years after planting. During the pruning process, maintain the tree shape and cultivate fruiting branches and fruiting branch groups on the main branches;

[0072] During the fruiting period, the overall height of the pear tree is controlled at 3.0 - 3.3 m. At the same time, maintain the tree shape and adjust the tree posture during the fruiting period;

[0073] As the tree age increases, it is necessary to adjust the planting density. The first adjustment is made when the tree age is 10 - 12 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 40. The second adjustment is made when the tree age is 20 - 22 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 18 - 20;

[0074] Step 5: Regular adjustment: Introduce a big - data image monitoring system to monitor the planted pear trees in real - time, and at the same time adjust the postures of the pear trees with abnormal growth.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] Step 1: Planting: Select a one - year - old grafted pear sapling with a trunk height of 0.8 - 1.2 m and three main branches as the planting sapling, with a spacing of 1.5 - 2.0 m between each plant and a row spacing of 3 - 4 m;

[0077] Step 2: Trunk determination: Select a tree without diseases, with a rootstock diameter of 1.5 - 2.5 cm and a trunk height of 80 - 85 cm;

[0078] Among them, when the weak seedlings are less than 80 - 85 cm in trunk height, they can be short - cut at the plump buds 10 cm above the ground, and then the trunk can be determined again in the following winter;

[0079] Step 3: Young tree shaping: Carry out binding - type shaping on the three main branches of the young tree. Taking the tree trunk as the origin of the coordinate axis, the three main branches are bundled at equal intervals, and the angle between adjacent main branches is 70 - 85°, so that the interval between the main branches in the vertical direction is 65 - 80 cm;

[0080] The basal angles of the three main branches are 70 - 75°, and 3 - 5 lateral fruiting branches are retained. The distance between lateral fruiting branches on a single main branch is 12 - 15 cm. When the lateral branches grow out after planting, when the lateral branches reach 12 - 15 cm, the lateral branches of each pear tree are planned through the monitoring system, and the retained lateral branches are supported manually with bamboo sticks.

[0081] For the bundling of the three main branches, an adjustment frame composed of stainless steel steel pipes is used for fixation, and the adjustment frame is finely adjusted as the pear tree grows.

[0082] Step 4: Pruning of young trees: Leave 7 - 8 plump buds under the pruning cut, and all the useless buds below are removed.

[0083] Step 5: Secondary pruning: The time for secondary pruning is three years after planting. During the pruning process, the tree shape is maintained, and fruiting branches and fruiting branch groups are cultivated on the main branches.

[0084] During the fruiting period, the overall height of the pear tree is controlled at 3.0 - 3.3 m. At the same time, the tree shape is maintained during the fruiting period, and the tree posture is adjusted.

[0085] As the tree age increases, it is necessary to adjust the planting density. The first adjustment is carried out when the tree age is 10 - 12 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 40. The second adjustment is carried out when the tree age is 20 - 22 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 18 - 20.

[0086] Step 5: Regular adjustment: Introduce a big data image monitoring system to monitor the planted pear trees in real time, and at the same time adjust the postures of pear trees with abnormal growth.

[0087] Plant Korla fragrant pears according to the five pear tree pruning methods in the above-mentioned Embodiments 1 - 5, and plant them in experimental fields 1 - 5 respectively. After harvesting and weighing the fruits three years after planting, the data is shown in the following table:

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] At the same time, through experiments, a big data image monitoring system is introduced to monitor the planted pear trees in real time, and at the same time adjust the postures of pear trees with abnormal growth, and can give a targeted pruning plan for each pear tree, thereby improving the pruning efficiency by 25 - 30%. For the pear trees pruned according to the above method, the reflected light on the orchard ground is increased by 25 - 28%. Since the height of the pear tree is controlled at 3.0 - 3.3 m, the tree body is relatively short, the branches are few and regular and tidy, thus improving the ventilation and light transmission of the tree body.

[0091] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for shaping and pruning pear trees, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Seedling planting: Select one-year grafted seedlings of pear trees with a trunk height of 0.8 - 1.2 m and three main branches as the planted seedlings, with a spacing of 1.5 - 2.0 m between each plant and a row spacing of 3 - 4 m; Step 2: Trunk pruning: Select those without diseases, with a rootstock diameter of 1.5 - 2.5 cm, and a trunk pruning height of 80 - 85 cm; Step 3: Young tree shaping: Carry out binding shaping on the three main branches of the young tree. Taking the trunk as the origin of the coordinate axis, the three main branches are bundled at equal intervals, with an angle of 70 - 85° between adjacent main branches, so that the interval between the main branches in the vertical direction is 65 - 80 cm; Step 4: Young tree pruning: Leave 7 - 8 plump buds under the pruning cut, and completely remove all the useless buds below; Step 5: Secondary pruning: The time for secondary pruning is three years after planting. During the pruning process, maintain the tree shape, and cultivate fruiting branches and fruiting branch groups on the main branches; Step 6: Regular adjustment: Introduce a big data image monitoring system to monitor the planted pear trees in real time, and at the same time adjust the postures of the pear trees with abnormal growth; 2. The pear tree shaping and pruning method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the thin and weak seedlings are less than 80 - 85 cm in trunk pruning height, they can be short-cut at the plump bud 10 cm above the ground, and then pruned again in winter of the second year.

3. A method for shaping and pruning pear trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the shaping of the young tree, fix the lower ends of the two main branches with wooden bamboo strips. Select the 40 - 45 cm position between the main branch and the trunk as the vertical stretching node, and stretch the main branch above this node vertically upward to maintain the apical dominance of the main branch.

4. A pear tree shaping and pruning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basal angles of the three main branches are 70 - 75°, and 3 - 5 lateral fruiting branches are retained, with a spacing of 12 - 15 cm between the lateral fruiting branches on a single main branch.

5. A method for shaping and pruning pear trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the fruiting period, the overall height of the pear tree is controlled at 3.0 - 3.3 m. At the same time, maintain the tree shape and adjust the tree posture during the fruiting period.

6. A method for shaping and pruning pear trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the lateral branches grow out after planting, when the lateral branches reach 12 - 15 cm, plan the lateral branches of each pear tree through the monitoring system, and support the retained lateral branches manually with bamboo sticks.

7. A method for shaping and pruning pear trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, As the tree age increases, it is necessary to adjust the planting density. The first adjustment is carried out when the tree age is 10 - 12 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 40. The second adjustment is carried out when the tree age is 20 - 22 years, and the number of pear trees per mu is adjusted to 18 - 20.

8. A method for shaping and pruning pear trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bundling of the three main branches is fixed with an adjustment frame composed of stainless steel steel pipes, and the adjustment frame is finely adjusted as the pear tree grows.

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