Breeding method for commercial pig commercial line with maternal line and male parent as basin-week mountain pig

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal breeding, and particularly relates to a commercial pig commercial line breeding method with a maternal line male parent being a basin-week mountain pig, which comprises the following steps: setting a terminal male parent, and selecting seeds according to a paternal line index formed by day age of 100 kg weight and backfat thickness; a maternal male parent is set, seed selection is conducted according to the selection index composed of the weight of 150-day-old pigs and the back fat thickness of the 150-day-old pigs, and the maternal male parent is the pelvic mountain pigs; setting a maternal line female parent, and selecting seeds according to a selection index of daily gain of 20-90kg; carrying out terminal male parent * (maternal line male parent * maternal line female parent) three-line matching by utilizing the selected line; and carrying out replacement pig breeding, determination, hair color gene detection, genetic evaluation and seed selection and matching work around main selection characters and breeding directions of various strains. Compared with conventional local pigs, the commercial pigs bred through the method are high in growth speed, low in feeding cost, high in dressing percentage and better in meat quality.

Description

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications

[0002] This application is a divisional application of Chinese Patent Application No. 202410646002.1, filed on May 23, 2024, with the invention title of "A Breeding Method for Commercial Pig Synthetic Lines". Technical field

[0003] The present invention belongs to the technical field of animal breeding, and specifically relates to a breeding method for commercial pig synthetic lines with the basin - peripheral mountain pig as the maternal sire. Background technique

[0004] Between 2008 and 2012, Chongqing Hailin Pig Development Co., Ltd. successively introduced basin - peripheral mountain pigs, Sutai pigs, Meishan pigs, Berkshire pigs, and Duroc pigs, and adopted a simple cross - breeding production model for black pig production and pork sales. It has more than 50,000 square meters of pig houses, more than 2,000 breeding pigs in stock, 1 standardized slaughterhouse, 1 ecological feed processing and distribution center, and more than 200 specialty stores for Fuling black pork. The annual sales of fresh Fuling black pork are more than 30,000 heads; in August 2012, the geographical indication trademark of "Fuling Black Pig" was certified by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, and multiple brands of "Fuling Black Pork" were registered, forming a complete industrial chain integrating feed processing, pig breeding, pig slaughtering, and fresh pork food sales and other businesses.

[0005] With the continuous expansion of the company's high - quality black pork market, the disadvantages of simple cross - breeding production of local pigs have gradually emerged. The inability to meet the needs of standardized production and low production efficiency have become the most important factors restricting the development of the company's black pig industry. The company realized that to grow and strengthen the high - quality black pig industry, it requires support in three aspects: talent, technology, and breeds. In particular, there is an urgent need for high - quality new breeds (synthetic lines) to change the company's black pig industry production system. If cross - breeding is carried out using basin - peripheral mountain pigs, after cross - breeding, only cross - breeding populations need to be inbred and fixed, and generation selection can be carried out to rapidly improve various production performance indicators; however, the cross - breeding parents will not be retained, which will lead to the disappearance of the purebred basin - peripheral mountain pig parent population and is not conducive to the protection of local pigs. While using basin - peripheral mountain pigs to carry out synthetic line breeding is to use the purebred breeding and selection of basin - peripheral mountain pigs as a specialized line of the synthetic line, and its genetic genes are naturally protected during the process of synthetic line cultivation and subsequent utilization; through the combining ability determination function of synthetic line cultivation, suitable cross - breeding models between lines can be screened, which is conducive to producing more black pigs to meet the market demand for high - quality black pork. The comprehensive production benefits of synthetic line commercial pigs are higher. Therefore, cultivating the synthetic line of basin - peripheral mountain pigs for the company's black pig industry breeding system is a better path choice.

[0006] Therefore, we should make use of the good adaptability and excellent meat quality characteristics of the Basin and Zhou mountain pigs to breed a high-yield and high-quality supporting system that is suitable for the market demand of Chongqing and other southwestern regions and meets the needs of standardized production. This will meet the needs of the development of a 200,000-head high-quality black pig breeding system in Fuling District, and at the same time, preserve the genetic resources of the Basin and Zhou mountain pigs, which has become an urgent issue to be addressed. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a commercial pig matching system breeding method in which the maternal parent is the Penzhou mountain pig, which can preserve the genetic resources of the Penzhou mountain pig while meeting the needs of standardized production.

[0008] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a method for breeding commercial pigs in which the maternal parent is a Penzhou mountain pig, comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) A terminal male parent is set, and the selection is carried out according to the paternal index consisting of the age at which the pig reaches 100 kg body weight and the back fat thickness;

[0011] (2) A maternal sire was set up, and selection was performed based on the selection index consisting of body weight at 150 days of age and back fat thickness at 150 days of age;

[0012] (3) A maternal parent is set up and selection is carried out according to the selection index of 20-90 kg daily weight gain;

[0013] (4) using the strains selected in (1) to (3) above to carry out three-line matching of terminal male parent × (maternal male parent × maternal female parent);

[0014] (5) Carry out the breeding, testing, coat color gene testing, genetic evaluation and selection of reserve pigs based on the main selected traits and breeding directions of each breed.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (1), the terminal father is selected from a fast-growing lean meat individual with a body weight of 100 kg, an age of 166 days, and a back fat thickness of 11 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (2), the maternal sire is selected as an individual having a body weight of 40 kg at 150 days of age and a back fat thickness of 16 mm at 150 days of age.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (3), the maternal parent is selected from individuals weighing 20-90 kg and gaining 600 g per day.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (2), the maternal sire is a Penzhou mountain pig.

[0019] Furthermore, each line adheres to the assessment of body shape and appearance, requiring a strong physique, a well-proportioned and coordinated body structure, and promptly eliminating individuals that do not meet the requirements for breeding.

[0020] Furthermore, during the process of line breeding, in principle, one generation is produced in one year; when it is found that the production performance of a boar is particularly excellent, it is allowed to continue participating in the breeding of the next generation.

[0021] Furthermore, for the maternal sire and maternal dam of the maternal line, the Netpig software is used, and for the terminal sire, the GBS breeding software is used to input, analyze, and process breeding data.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] The comparative research results of the production efficiency of different three-way crossbreeding systems based on the mountain pigs around the basin in the present invention show that the three-way crossbreeding system with the mountain pigs around the basin as the maternal sire has higher production efficiency and cost advantages compared to using them as the maternal dam.

[0024] The current consensus is that compared with exotic pigs and traditional Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs, local pigs have better meat quality. However, local pigs have problems such as slow growth rate, low feed conversion rate, and relatively high breeding costs. But the problems above are solved by using the breeding method of the matching line of the present invention. The commercial pigs bred by using the breeding method of the matching line of the present invention grow faster than conventional local pigs, have a higher slaughter rate than local pigs, and also have better meat quality than exotic pigs, and the feeding cost is lower than that of local pigs.

[0025] The Hailing No. 1 black pig matching line is the only matching line among the 16 established matching lines that uses a local breed as the maternal sire.

[0026] The commercial pork of the Hailing No. 1 black pig matching line is fragrant, glutinous, and tender, with a rosy color, mellow cured flavor, evenly distributed fat and lean, fat but not greasy, and lean but not tough, and it is a pig breed suitable for both fresh food and cured meat processing to meet the consumption market demand in the southwestern region.

[0027] So far, in all breeding systems, local pigs have been used as the maternal dam. However, through system construction and actual experiments in the present invention, it is confirmed that when local pigs are used as the maternal sire, the number of maternal sows can be reduced, and the average cost per 1 kg of live pig production can be reduced by 0.17 yuan, thereby correspondingly reducing the breeding cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a matching mode diagram of the Fuling black pig matching line;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the breeding plan for the Fuling black pig matching line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] Example 1

[0031] I. Matching Mode

[0032] The three-line matching method is adopted, with one terminal sire line (Line Ⅳ), one male parent line of the maternal line (Line Ⅰ), and one female parent line of the maternal line (Line Ⅱ), that is, the three-line matching of Ⅳ×(Ⅰ×Ⅱ). The three-line matching mode is as shown in Figure 1 shown below

[0033] Among them, Line Ⅰ is the mountain pigs around the basin, purchased from Chongqing Hailin Pig Development Co., Ltd.; Line Ⅱ is the hybrid pigs containing 50% Duroc and 50% Meishan pigs, purchased from Chongqing Hailin Pig Development Co., Ltd.; Line Ⅳ is Duroc, purchased from Chongqing Liujiu Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd.

[0034] II. Cultivation Direction and Breeding Plan for Each Strain

[0035] Line Ⅰ: The main selection criteria are the body weight at 150 days of age and the backfat thickness at 150 days of age, taking into account the total number of piglets born per litter and the meat quality, and cultivating it into a high-quality male parent line of the maternal line.

[0036] Line Ⅱ: The main selection criteria are the age at 90 kg body weight, backfat thickness, and the ratio of eye muscle backfat, taking into account the total number of piglets born per litter and the meat quality, and cultivating it into a high-yield female parent line of the maternal line.

[0037] Line Ⅳ: The main selection criteria are the age at 100 kg body weight and backfat thickness, and cultivating it into a fast-growing lean meat line (terminal sire line).

[0038] The specific breeding goals are shown in Table 1

[0039] Table 1 Main Breeding Goals for Each Strain and Commercial Pigs Unit: head, g, d, mm, kg, %

[0040]

[0041]

[0042] Carry out the cultivation, measurement, hair color gene detection, genetic evaluation, and selection and mating of replacement pigs around the main selected traits and cultivation directions of each strain. The schematic diagram of the breeding plan is as shown in Figure 2 shown below

[0043] III. Key Points and Technical Requirements for Strain Cultivation

[0044] (1) For Line Ⅰ, the selection of breeding pigs is carried out according to the selection index composed of the body weight at 150 days of age and the backfat thickness at 150 days of age; for Line Ⅱ, the selection of breeding pigs is carried out according to the selection index composed of the age at 90 kg body weight, backfat thickness, and the ratio of eye muscle backfat; for Line Ⅳ, the selection of breeding pigs is carried out according to the sire index composed of the EBV of the age at 100 kg body weight and the EBV of the backfat thickness.

[0045] (2) Each line has outstanding performance advantages; each line insists on evaluating body shape and appearance, requiring a strong physique, symmetrical and coordinated body structure, and promptly eliminating individuals that do not meet the breeding requirements.

[0046] (3) Generation interval and generation overlap: In the process of breed selection, there is one generation per year in principle; when it is found that the production performance of the boar is particularly good, it is allowed to continue to participate in the next generation of breeding.

[0047] (4) Breeding data management: Netpig software (developed by Chongqing Academy of Animal Science) is used for lines I and II, and GBS breeding software is used for line IV to input, analyze, and process breeding data to guide daily work such as measurement, seed selection, mating, genetic progress, and reporting.

[0048] 4. Performance of supporting commercial pigs

[0049] (1) Fattening performance

[0050] A fattening test was carried out on 66 heads of Ⅳ×(Ⅰ×Ⅱ), with an initial body weight of 29kg, an end body weight of 104kg at 194 days of age, a daily weight gain of 632.2g, a feed conversion rate of 3.23, a body length of 113cm, a chest circumference of 112cm, a waist circumference of 116cm, a leg and hip circumference of 88cm, a body height of 62cm, a chest width of 32cm, and a chest depth of 36cm. Their body shape is comparable to that of lean foreign three-way pigs, and the coefficient of variation is within 20%.

[0051] (2) Carcass quality

[0052] The carcass performance of commercial pigs is shown in Table 2.

[0053] Table 2 Ketone performance of IV×(I×II) commercial pigs

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] When the commercial pigs weigh 100kg, the slaughter rate reaches 76.59% and the lean meat rate of the carcass reaches 55.16%.

[0057] (3) Pork quality

[0058] The commercial pork of this matching system has good quality, with 2.86% intramuscular fat, good water absorption, drip loss below 1.5%, bright red meat color, and good market consumption prospects. The meat quality performance of commercial pigs is shown in Table 3.

[0059] Table 3 Meat quality performance of IV×(I×II) commercial pigs

[0060] Item Average value Standard deviation Coefficient of variation (%) <![CDATA[Muscle pH 1]]> 6.21 0.18 2.96 <![CDATA[Muscle pH 24 > 5.78 0.10 1.71 Muscle color 1 49.77 6.13 12.69 Muscle color 2 52.84 6.66 13.02 Marbling 3.79 0.70 18.43 Intramuscular fat 2.86 0.63 19.40 Drip loss 1.41 0.32 18.67

[0061] V. Advantages of the Hailing No.1 Black Pig Synthetic Line over Other Breeds

[0062] The main indexes of reproductive performance, fattening performance, carcass performance and meat quality traits of the Hailing No.1 Black Pig Synthetic Line and the synthetic lines approved in recent years are listed in Table 4, and the performance comparison with Duroc, Landrace, Yorkshire and DLY is shown in Table 5.

[0063] Table 4 Comparison between the Hailing No.1 Black Pig Synthetic Line and Other Synthetic Lines

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] Table 5 Comparison of meat quality traits between the Hailing No.1 Black Pig Synthetic Line and exotic pigs, DLY

[0067]

[0068] Example 2

[0069] Economic Benefit Comparison of Different Three-way Cross Combinations of Basin Peripheral Mountain Pigs

[0070] Using Line I, Line II and Line IV pigs as genetic resources, two three-way cross combinations (IV×I×II and IV×II×I) were constructed, and the economic benefits of different cross-breeding systems were compared through two evaluation indexes: the average cost per 1 kg of live pig weight produced and the number of sows corresponding to every 200,000 commercial pigs.

[0071] 1. Research Method

[0072] In the present invention, two three-way cross-breeding systems were constructed using Line I, Line II and Line IV pigs. Under the condition that the annual number of commercial pigs sold is 200,000 and the slaughter weight of commercial pigs is 90 kg, the advantages and disadvantages of different three-way cross combinations were compared and analyzed. In the breeding system, the construction and cultivation of the selected groups of Line II and Line IV pigs were not considered, and the groups were formed and updated by introduction.

[0073] 2. Market Economy Parameters

[0074] Based on the existing market average level and other literature reports, the standard carcass price of market-weight finishing pigs is set at 20 yuan / kg. Considering the actual situation of crossbreeding local pigs, the standard carcass lean meat rate is set at 50%, and the standard intramuscular fat content is 1.5%. Based on the above parameters, the actual carcass price is calculated in this study for the calculation of the benefits of the crossbreeding system: Actual carcass price = Standard carcass price of market-weight finishing pigs + (Carcass lean meat rate - 50) × 1% difference in carcass lean meat rate + (Intramuscular fat content - 1.5) × 1% difference in intramuscular fat, where the 1% difference in carcass lean meat rate is 0.42 yuan / kg and the 1% difference in intramuscular fat is 1.89 yuan / kg. In the crossbreeding system, the feed prices and cull pig prices at different growth stages are calculated according to the existing market prices in Chongqing, and other non-breeding cost parameters mainly refer to the reported literature. The specific economic parameters are shown in Table 6 below.

[0075] Table 6 Market price parameters

[0076] Item Cost (yuan) Standard carcass price of market hogs (yuan / kg) 20 Price difference for 1% carcass lean meat rate (yuan / kg) 0.42 Price difference for 1% intramuscular fat (yuan / kg) 1.89 Non-breeding cost of sows (yuan / head) 1309.67 Fixed cost of sows (yuan / head) 300.78 Share cost of boars (yuan / head) 60.18 Feed price during lactation (yuan / kg) 3.56 Feed price during gestation (yuan / kg) 3.23 Feed price during nursery period (yuan / kg) 3.88 Fixed cost during nursery period (yuan / head / day) 0.13 Feed price during fattening period (yuan / kg) 3.02 Fixed cost during fattening period (yuan / head / day) 0.06 Feed price from the end of fattening to breeding (yuan / kg) 3.02 Fixed cost from the end of fattening to breeding (yuan / kg) 0.16 Price of culled sows of I-line pigs (yuan / kg) 3 Price of culled sows of II-line pigs (yuan / kg) 6

[0077] 3. Results

[0078] 3.1 Number of sows in different crossbreeding systems

[0079] In this study, from the perspective of the number of sows corresponding to the production of 200,000 market-weight finishing pigs (specifically shown in Table 7): The Ⅳ×Ⅰ×Ⅱ combination requires fewer sows. A total of 9,208 sows need to be raised, including 6 sows of Line Ⅰ, 487 sows of Line Ⅱ, and 8,715 Ⅰ×Ⅱ crossbred sows; The Ⅳ×Ⅱ×Ⅰ combination requires more sows, a total of 9,419, including 695 sows of Line Ⅰ, 9 sows of Line Ⅱ, and 8,715 Ⅱ×Ⅰ crossbred sows. Compared with Line Ⅱ pigs, due to the low number of live piglets born per sow of Line Ⅰ (about 8 piglets born per sow), in the case of producing the same number of crossbred sows, the crossbreeding system with Line Ⅰ pigs as the maternal sire requires more sows, resulting in higher production costs for sows in the inventory. Line Ⅱ pigs have a high number of live piglets born per sow (more than 12 live piglets born per sow). In the crossbreeding combinations with Line Ⅰ pigs as the paternal sire and Line Ⅱ pigs as the maternal sire, the number of sows in the inventory required is less and the production cost of sows in the inventory is lower when producing the same number of maternal sires.

[0080] Table 7 Number of sows in different crossbreeding systems Unit: head, 10,000 heads

[0081]

[0082] 3.2 Economic efficiency of different crossbreeding systems

[0083] In this study, in order to compare the economic benefits of different cross-breeding systems of Line Ⅰ, Line Ⅱ and Line Ⅳ pigs, with 200,000 commercial pigs sold annually and the weight of commercial pigs sold being 90 kg, the production costs of each cross-breeding system were calculated, and the evaluation was mainly carried out based on the average cost index per 1 kg of live pig weight produced. According to the average cost per 1 kg of live pig weight produced: the production cost of the Ⅳ×Ⅰ×Ⅱ combination is relatively low, and the average cost per 1 kg of live pig weight produced is 15.20 yuan / kg; the production cost of the Ⅳ×Ⅱ×Ⅰ combination is relatively high, and the average cost per 1 kg of live pig weight produced is 15.37 yuan / kg (as shown in Table 8 specifically). Therefore, compared with the breeding system with Line Ⅰ pigs as the maternal female parent, the cross-breeding system with Line Ⅰ pigs as the maternal male parent has a lower production cost per 1 kg of live pig weight produced.

[0084] The actual carcass prices of different commercial pigs were adjusted according to the carcass price adjustment coefficient. Since indicators such as lean meat rate and intramuscular fat content do not distinguish between male and female pigs, and the economic traits of pigs in the breeding system are the same whether they are used as boars or sows, which has no impact on the carcass price, so the actual carcass price is 24.67 yuan / kg.

[0085] Table 8 Production costs of different cross-breeding systems

[0086] Crossbreeding combination Actual carcass price (yuan / kg) Average cost per 1 kg of live pig weight produced (yuan / kg) IV×I×II 24.67 15.20 IV×II×I 24.67 15.37

[0087] 4. Conclusions

[0088] (1) In different cross-breeding systems, with the number of sows raised as the evaluation index, the Ⅳ×Ⅰ×Ⅱ combination requires fewer sows, a total of 9,208 sows need to be raised; the Ⅳ×Ⅱ×Ⅰ combination requires more sows, a total of 9,419 sows need to be raised. Therefore, compared with the cross-breeding system with Line Ⅰ pigs as the maternal female parent, the cross-breeding system with Line Ⅰ pigs as the maternal male parent requires a smaller inventory of sows and has a lower production cost.

[0089] (2) When evaluated based on the average cost per 1 kg of live pig weight produced, the production cost of the Ⅳ×Ⅰ×Ⅱ combination is relatively low, and the average cost per 1 kg of live pig weight produced is 15.20 yuan / kg; the production cost of the Ⅳ×Ⅱ×Ⅰ combination is relatively high, and the average cost per 1 kg of live pig weight produced is 15.37 yuan / kg. Therefore, compared with the breeding system with Line Ⅰ pigs as the maternal female parent, the cross-breeding system with Line Ⅰ pigs as the maternal male parent has a lower production cost per 1 kg of live pig weight produced.

[0090] (3) In different cross-breeding systems, the litter size is the most important factor affecting the economic benefits of the breeding system. Therefore, selecting Line Ⅱ pigs with high fertility as the maternal parent of the breeding system results in a smaller inventory of sows, a lower production cost, and higher comprehensive economic benefits.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding commercial pigs with the maternal parent being the Penzhou Mountain Pig, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Set a terminal male parent and select the male parent according to the paternal index consisting of the age at which the pigeon reaches 100 kg and the back fat thickness; (2) Assume a maternal sire and select the breed according to the selection index consisting of body weight at 150 days of age and back fat thickness at 150 days of age; (3) A maternal parent is set up, and the selection is carried out according to the selection index of 20-90 kg daily weight gain, where the maternal parent is the Penzhou mountain pig; (4) Using the strains selected in (1)-(3) above to carry out terminal male × (maternal male × maternal female) three-line matching; (5) Carry out the breeding, testing, coat color gene testing, genetic evaluation and selection of reserve pigs based on the main selected traits and breeding directions of each breed.

2. The commercial pig breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the terminal father is selected from a fast-growing lean meat individual with a body weight of 100 kg, an age of 166 days, a body weight of 100 kg and a back fat thickness of 11 mm.

3. The commercial pig breeding method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the maternal sire is selected from an individual having a body weight of 40 kg at 150 days of age and a back fat thickness of 16 mm at 150 days of age.

4. The commercial pig breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In step (3), the maternal parent is selected from individuals weighing 20-90 kg and gaining 600 g per day.

5. The commercial pig breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Each department insists on assessing body shape and appearance, requiring a strong physique, a symmetrical and coordinated body structure, and promptly eliminating individuals that do not meet breeding requirements.

6. The commercial pig breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: In the process of breed selection and breeding, in principle, there is one generation per year; when it is found that the production performance of the boar is particularly excellent, it is allowed to continue to participate in the next generation of breeding.

7. The commercial pig breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The maternal sire and maternal mother adopt Netpig software, and the terminal sire adopts GBS breeding software to input, analyze and process breeding data.

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