Energy storage equipment and fire extinguishing method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides energy storage equipment and a fire extinguishing method thereof. The energy storage equipment comprises an energy storage cabinet and a fire extinguishing system. The energy storage cabinet includes a cabinet body configured to withstand combustion flames at temperatures equal to or higher than about 150 DEG C and have compressive strength greater than about 60 MPa, and the cabinet body has an accommodation space for accommodating at least one battery system. The fire extinguishing system comprises a liquid injection device and a liquid guide structure, the liquid injection device is configured to inject liquid into the liquid guide structure, and the liquid guide structure is configured to enable the liquid to be dispersed and flow into the accommodating space of the cabinet body and immerse the at least one battery system to extinguish fire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure is substantially related to an energy storage device and a method for extinguishing fire thereof. More specifically, the present disclosure is related to an energy storage device including a fire extinguishing system and a method for extinguishing fire thereof. Background Art

[0002] In order to improve the energy use efficiency and flexibility, the development of energy storage devices has become a trend in recent years. With the development and maturity of battery technologies (such as lithium-ion batteries), battery energy storage devices have become one of the mainstream energy storage devices.

[0003] However, batteries may form a short circuit due to various factors (for example, overcharging, electronic control system errors, operating environment, or manufacturing defects), resulting in a high-temperature chemical reaction that ignites the combustible organic components in the battery. The high temperature generated by thermal runaway of the battery may further cause damage to adjacent devices of the battery energy storage device and the occurrence of fire accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In one or more embodiments, an energy storage device includes an energy storage cabinet and a fire extinguishing system. The energy storage cabinet includes a cabinet body configured to withstand a flame with a temperature equal to or higher than about 150 °C and having a compressive strength greater than about 60 MPa, and the cabinet body has an accommodation space for accommodating at least one battery system. The fire extinguishing system includes a liquid injection device and a liquid guiding structure configured to disperse the liquid and flow it into the accommodation space of the cabinet body to immerse at least one battery system for fire extinguishing.

[0005] In one or more embodiments, a method for extinguishing fire of an energy storage device includes providing an energy storage device including an energy storage cabinet and a fire extinguishing system, the energy storage cabinet including a cabinet body configured to withstand a flame with a temperature equal to or higher than about 150 °C and having a compressive strength greater than about 60 MPa, and the cabinet body having an accommodation space for accommodating at least one battery system, the fire extinguishing system including a liquid injection device, a liquid guiding structure, and a fire sensor, the liquid injection device configured to inject a liquid into the accommodation space of the cabinet body to immerse at least one battery system for fire extinguishing; and performing an immersion step including: in response to a first fire signal generated by the fire sensor, injecting the liquid into the liquid guiding structure with the liquid injection device, the liquid guiding structure configured to disperse the liquid and flow it into the accommodation space of the cabinet body to immerse at least one battery system for fire extinguishing.

[0006] In one or more embodiments, an energy storage device includes an energy storage cabinet and a fire extinguishing system. The energy storage cabinet includes a cabinet body having an accommodation space for accommodating at least one battery system. The cabinet body further includes a pressure relief valve configured to open when the pressure in the accommodation space is greater than a threshold value. The fire extinguishing system includes a liquid injection device and a liquid guiding structure. The liquid injection device is configured to inject liquid into the liquid guiding structure. The liquid guiding structure is configured to disperse the liquid and flow it into the accommodation space of the cabinet body to submerge at least one battery system for fire extinguishing. Description of the Drawings

[0007] Aspects of the present disclosure may be better understood in light of the following embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the various features may not be drawn to scale, and the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily enlarged or reduced to clearly describe the content of the present disclosure.

[0008] Figure 1A Shown is a schematic diagram of an energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0009] Figure 1B Shown is a flowchart of a fire extinguishing method for an energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0010] Figure 2 Shown is a perspective view of an energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 3A Shown is a partial schematic view of the cabinet body of an energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 3B Shown is a partial exploded view of the door of the cabinet body of an energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 4 Shown is a perspective view of the cabinet body of an energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic diagram of an energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 6A Shown is a perspective view of an energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 6B Shown is Figure 6A a partial enlarged view of the side of

[0017] Figure 6C Shown is Figure 6A a top view of the liquid injection device and the liquid guiding structure of

[0018] Figure 7Shown is a perspective view of an energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] In the drawings and embodiments of the present disclosure, the same or similar components are denoted by the same component symbols. Detailed embodiments

[0020] Figure 1A Shown is a schematic diagram of an energy storage device 1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1A , the energy storage device 1 may include one or more energy storage cabinets (for example, energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B), one or more battery systems 20, a fire extinguishing system, and a control system 80. It should be noted that the following takes the energy storage device including three energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B as an example to illustrate the content of the present disclosure. However, the number of energy storage cabinets that the energy storage device 1 of the present disclosure may include is not limited to this and can be adjusted and changed according to actual applications.

[0022] In some embodiments, the energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B may each include a cabinet body 110, and each cabinet body 110 has an accommodation space S1 for accommodating at least one battery system 20 respectively. In some embodiments, the energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B may each further include pressure relief valves 170, 170A, and 170B. In some embodiments, the pressure relief valves 170, 170A, and 170B are each configured to open when the pressure in their corresponding accommodation space S1 is greater than a threshold value. In some embodiments, this threshold value is less than the compressive strength of the cabinet body 110. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, opening the pressure relief valve can release the pressure in the accommodation space S1 (for example, the pressure generated by the gas in the accommodation space S1) outside the cabinet body 110. In some embodiments, the pressure relief valves 170, 170A, and 170B are located at the top of the cabinet body 110. In some embodiments, the pressure relief valves 170, 170A, and 170B are located above the battery system 20.

[0023] In some embodiments, the battery system 20 of each energy storage cabinet may include a plurality of battery packs 210, a battery management system (BMS) 230, and an integrated energy management system (EMS). The battery management system 230 is located above the battery packs 210 and electrically connected to the corresponding plurality of serially connected battery packs 210. In some embodiments, each battery pack 210 has a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of the battery pack 210. In some embodiments, the battery management system 230 is configured to reduce or turn off the output current or input current of the corresponding battery pack 210 according to the temperature signals received from each battery pack 210. In some embodiments, the battery management system 230 is configured to reduce or turn off the output current or input current of the corresponding battery pack 210 when the temperature of each battery pack 210 exceeds a threshold value (e.g., about 50 °C or 55 °C). By reducing or turning off the output current or input current of the corresponding battery pack 210, the temperature of the battery pack 210 can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk of fire or achieving the purpose of extinguishing the fire. In some embodiments, the energy management system (EMS) is configured to transfer the energy of the batteries in the battery system 20 of a certain energy storage cabinet to the battery system 20 in other energy storage cabinets. Through the design of the integrated energy management system, the energy of the batteries in the battery system 20 of the energy storage cabinet that may face the risk of fire or has caught fire can be transferred to the battery system 20 of other energy storage cabinets, thus reducing the risk of fire or achieving the purpose of extinguishing the fire. In some embodiments, the pressure relief valves 170, 170A, and 170B are each located above the corresponding battery pack 210.

[0024] In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing system may include liquid injection devices (e.g., liquid injection devices 40, 40A, and 40B). In some embodiments, the liquid injection devices are configured to pour a liquid into the accommodation space S1 of the cabinet body 110 of its corresponding energy storage cabinet and immerse the battery system 20 therein for fire extinguishing. In some embodiments, the liquid poured through the liquid injection device 40 may include a liquid having characteristics such as high specific heat, capable of rapidly cooling down, and / or chemically inert, or other liquids that can be used for fire extinguishing, or any combination of the above. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device is configured to open in response to at least one fire signal. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device is configured to open in response to at least one fire signal of its corresponding energy storage cabinet. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 is configured to open in response to at least one fire signal of the energy storage cabinet 10. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 is configured to pour a liquid into the accommodation space S1 of the cabinet body 110 of the energy storage cabinet 10 and immerse the battery system 20 therein for fire extinguishing. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40A is configured to open in response to at least one fire signal of the energy storage cabinet 10A. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40A is configured to pour a liquid into the accommodation space S1 of the cabinet body 110 of the energy storage cabinet 10A and immerse the battery system 20 therein for fire extinguishing. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40B is configured to open in response to at least one fire signal of the energy storage cabinet 10B. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40B is configured to pour a liquid into the accommodation space S1 of the cabinet body 110 of the energy storage cabinet 10B and immerse the battery system 20 therein for fire extinguishing. Once the battery system 20 catches fire, since the battery can continue to burn anaerobically until the energy is exhausted when it has reached a sufficient high temperature, the conventional fire extinguishing method of isolating oxygen cannot effectively extinguish the fire of the battery system 20. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by pouring a liquid to immerse the battery system 20, the temperature of the battery package 210 of the battery system 20 can be reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of fire extinguishing. Furthermore, through the integrated Energy Management System, the energy of other battery systems 20 in the energy storage cabinet where the battery system 20 that has caught fire is located can be further transferred to the battery systems in other energy storage cabinets, which can further accelerate the fire extinguishing speed.

[0025] In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 is configured to flood the battery system 20 before the battery system 20 in the energy storage cabinet 10 is completely burned out. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 is configured to flood the battery system 20 before the fire spreads. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 is configured to open in response to at least one fire signal of the energy storage cabinet 10 and flood the battery system 20 in the energy storage cabinet 10 before the fire spreads. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 is configured to flood the battery system 20 within a filling time of less than about 10 minutes (e.g., about 10 minutes, 9 minutes, 7 minutes, 5 minutes, 3 minutes, 2.5 minutes, 2 minutes, or other filling times between 2 and 10 minutes).

[0026] In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 includes a solenoid valve 410, an outlet 420, and a pipeline 430. In some embodiments, the liquid provided by the liquid supply system 400 is supplied to the liquid injection device 40 through the pipeline 430. The solenoid valve 410 opens when the liquid injection device 40 receives a fire signal, and the liquid provided from the liquid supply system 400 is then poured through the outlet 420 into the accommodation space S1 of the cabinet body 110 of the energy storage cabinet 10 and floods the battery system 20 to extinguish the fire. In some embodiments, the outlet 420 may be located above the battery package 210. In some other embodiments, the outlet 420 may also be located at the bottom of the cabinet body 110. The outlet 420 of the present disclosure is not limited to being disposed at a specific position, as long as it can be used to pour the liquid and flood the battery system 20 to extinguish the fire. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 may include one or more solenoid valves 410, one or more outlets 420, and one or more pipelines 430.

[0027] In some embodiments, the liquid injection devices 40, 40A, and 40B each have solenoid valves 410, 410A, and 410B, and can each be opened in response to a fire signal of each energy storage cabinet 10, 10A, and 10B, so as to pour the liquid provided by the liquid supply system 400 through the corresponding outlet 420 into the accommodation space S1 of the cabinet body 110 of the corresponding energy storage cabinet 10, 10A, and 10B and immerse the battery system 20 for fire extinguishing. In some embodiments, the liquid supply system 400 may include a liquid storage tank, a fire water supply system (for example, a fire water tank), or a combination of the above. In some embodiments, the pipelines 430 of the liquid injection devices 40, 40A, and 40B are all connected to the same liquid supply system 400. In some embodiments, the pipelines 430 of the liquid injection devices 40, 40A, and 40B may be connected to different liquid supply systems. For example, the pipelines 430 of the liquid injection devices 40 and 40A may be connected to the liquid storage tank, and the pipeline 430 of the liquid injection device 40B may be connected to the fire water supply system. In some embodiments, the liquid supply system 400 may include a water storage tank and a fire liquid supply system. The pipelines 430 of the liquid injection devices 40, 40A, and 40B are all connected to the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is further connected to the fire water supply system. The fire water supply system can continuously supply water to the water storage tank, so as to facilitate the water storage tank to continuously supply water to the liquid injection devices 40, 40A, and 40B.

[0028] In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 is configured to inject liquid into the storage space S1 of the cabinet at a flow rate greater than or equal to at least about 6 liters / second (L / s). In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 is configured to inject liquid into the storage space S1 of the cabinet 110 at a flow rate greater than or equal to 6L / s, 20L / s, 35L / s, 50L / s, 70L / s, 80L / s, or other flow rates between 6 and 80L / s. In some embodiments, the height of the cabinet 110 is less than 3 meters (for example, about 2.9 meters, 2.5 meters, 2 meters, or other heights between 2 and 2.9 meters). In some embodiments, the liquid storage tank is located above the cabinet 110, and the bottom of the liquid storage tank is about 3 meters away from the bottom of the storage space S1 of the cabinet 110. The diameter of the pipe 430 is about 3 inches or 4 inches. The flow rate of the liquid injection device 40 with a 3-inch diameter pipe is about 6.38 L / s. The flow rate can be further accelerated by using a larger diameter pipe. In some embodiments, the liquid is injected into the storage space S1 of the cabinet 110 at a flow rate of about 6.38 L / s, and the battery system 20 can be flooded after about 30 minutes to 60 minutes of injection time. In some embodiments, the liquid storage tank is located above the cabinet 110, and the bottom of the liquid storage tank is about 6 meters away from the bottom of the storage space S1 of the cabinet 110. The diameter of the pipe 430 is about 3 inches or 4 inches. The flow rate of the liquid injection device 40 is about 35.52 L / s. The flow rate can be further accelerated by using a larger diameter pipe. In some embodiments, the liquid is poured into the storage space S1 of the cabinet 110 at a flow rate of about 35.52 L / s, and the battery system 20 can be flooded within a filling time of about 30 minutes. In some embodiments, the liquid storage tank is located above the cabinet 110, and the bottom of the liquid storage tank is about 15 meters away from the bottom of the storage space S1 of the cabinet 110. The diameter of the pipe 430 is about 3 inches or 4 inches. The flow rate of the liquid injection device 40 is about 70.19 L / s. The flow rate can be further increased by using a larger diameter pipe. In some embodiments, the liquid is poured into the storage space S1 of the cabinet 110 at a flow rate of about 70.19 L / s, and the battery system 20 can be flooded within a filling time of about 5 minutes. In some embodiments, the flow rate of the liquid can be accelerated by combining a pressure pump with a liquid storage tank at different heights to achieve the effect of flooding the battery system 20 after different filling times.

[0029] In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing system may include a liquid guiding structure disposed below the outlet 420 of the liquid injection device 40. In some embodiments, the liquid guiding structure is configured to disperse and guide the cooling liquid flowing out from the outlet 420 towards the battery package 210, so that the battery package 210 can be initially cooled down first at the initial stage of thermal runaway, preventing heat from spreading to adjacent battery packages 210, achieving the effect of early cooling, and further cooling down when the liquid submerges the battery system 20, achieving the purpose of fire extinguishing. In some embodiments, the liquid guiding structure is any structure configured to disperse and guide the liquid towards the battery package 210, and the size can be adjusted as needed. In some embodiments, the liquid guiding structure is a plate. In some embodiments, the size of the liquid guiding structure is the cross-section that fills the accommodation space S1 of the cabinet 110.

[0030] As Figures 6A to 6C and Figure 7 shown, in some embodiments, the liquid guiding structure is a plate 30, which is fixed to a reserved hole in the top wall of the cabinet 110 by fasteners. In some embodiments, nuts 110D can be provided in the reserved holes in the top wall of the cabinet 110, and the plate 30 is fixed to the nuts 110D by screws 90, so that the plate 30 is suspended in the cabinet 110 and positioned below the outlet 420 of the liquid injection device 40. In some embodiments, the liquid guiding structure can also be disposed on the pipeline 430 of the liquid injection device 40 and connected to the side of the outlet 420 close to the screw 90.

[0031] As Figure 6A shown, the plate 30 has an unfolded portion with a gradually increasing area in the direction away from the outlet 420 of the liquid injection device 40. The unfolded portion can disperse and sprinkle the liquid flowing out from the outlet 420 towards the battery package 210. In some embodiments, the plate 30 can be triangular, trapezoidal, rectangular, circular or any other shape.

[0032] As Figure 6B shown, in some embodiments, the unfolded portion of the plate 30 has a depression angle θ with respect to the horizontal plane. The size of the depression angle θ can be adjusted according to the position of the outlet 420, the position of the battery package 210, or the liquid flow rate or flow volume. In some embodiments, the depression angle θ of the unfolded portion of the plate 30 with respect to the horizontal plane is approximately 5° to 60°. In some embodiments, the depression angle θ of the unfolded portion of the plate 30 with respect to the horizontal plane can be approximately 10° to 50°, 20° to 40°, or 20° to 30°. In some embodiments, the plate 30 can be a curved surface so that different regions on the plate 30 have different depression angles θ with respect to the horizontal plane. In some embodiments, the area or surface curvature of the plate 30 can be adjusted as needed so that the liquid is sprinkled towards the thermally runaway battery package 210 in a manner that achieves the maximum cooling efficiency.

[0033] AsFigures 6B to 6C As shown, in some embodiments, the fire extinguishing system may further include a motor (not shown in the figure) electrically connected to the plate 30. In some embodiments, the motor communicates with the energy management system (EMS), enabling an operator to control the direction and / or the depression angle θ of the plate 30 through the energy management system (EMS).

[0034] As Figure 7 shown, in some embodiments, the plate 30 is rectangular and has a plurality of holes 310. In some embodiments, the plate 30 is substantially horizontally suspended below the outlet 420 of the liquid injection device 40, such that the liquid poured onto the plate 30 flows out through the plurality of holes 310. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the plurality of holes 310 of the plate 30 is circular, rectangular, polygonal, irregular, anisotropic (e.g., oval, rectangle) or a composite shape thereof. In some embodiments, the plurality of holes 310 of the plate 30 have a plurality of different cross-sectional shapes. In some embodiments, the plurality of holes 310 of the plate 30 are arranged in a matrix. In some embodiments, the distance between the plate 30 and the outlet 420 is greater than the diameter of the outlet 420 to prevent the liquid from being blocked and affecting the flow rate.

[0035] In some embodiments, the density and cross-sectional area of the plurality of holes 310 of the plate 30 are functions of the distance from the outlet 420. In some embodiments, the density of the plurality of holes 310 of the plate 30 is proportional to the distance between the holes 310 and the outlet 420 of the liquid injection device 40 (i.e., the closer to the outlet 420, the smaller the density of the holes 310; the farther from the outlet 420, the greater the density of the holes 310). In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the plurality of holes 310 of the plate 30 is proportional to the distance between the holes 310 and the outlet 420 of the liquid injection device 40 (i.e., the cross-sectional area of the holes 310 closer to the outlet 420 is smaller, and the cross-sectional area of the holes 310 farther from the outlet 420 is larger). In some embodiments, to ensure that the liquid is evenly sprinkled onto the battery package 210, the cross-sectional area and density of the plurality of holes 310 of the plate 30 are determined according to the distribution of the battery package 210. In some embodiments, the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the plurality of holes 310 of the plate 30 is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of the outlet 420 of the liquid injection device 40, so as to prevent the liquid flowing out of the outlet 420 from accumulating on the plate 30 because it cannot flow out of the holes 310 in time, or the cross-sectional area of the holes 310 is too large, causing the liquid to flow out in the area close to the outlet 420, resulting in uneven flow to the battery package 210 with thermal runaway.

[0036] In some embodiments, the liquid guiding structure is made of any material that does not decompose naturally, has stable properties, can maintain mechanical strength, and does not affect the internal environment of the cabinet 110, and is optionally selected from one or more of the following groups: single-component metal, alloy of multiple metals, petrochemical material composed of single or multiple components, composite material composed of multiple substances, ultra-high performance concrete. In some embodiments, the liquid guiding structure can be coated to prevent material corrosion or aging.

[0037] In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing system may further include spray fire extinguishing devices (for example, spray fire extinguishing devices 50, 50A, and 50B). In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing devices are configured to spray atomized droplets onto the battery system 20 of their corresponding energy storage cabinets. In some embodiments, the particle size of the atomized droplets is less than 0.1 cm. In some embodiments, the liquid source of the atomized droplets may include liquids, aqueous solutions, electrolytes (such as sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or the like) with characteristics of high specific heat, capable of rapidly cooling down and / or being chemically inert, or other liquids that can be used for fire extinguishing, or any combination of the above. In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing devices are configured to be activated in response to at least one fire signal. In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing device 50 is configured to spray atomized droplets onto the battery system 20 of the energy storage cabinet 10. In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing device 50 is configured to be activated in response to at least one fire signal of the energy storage cabinet 10. In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing device 50A is configured to spray atomized droplets onto the battery system 20 of the energy storage cabinet 10A. In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing device 50A is configured to be activated in response to at least one fire signal of the energy storage cabinet 10A. In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing device 50B is configured to spray atomized droplets onto the battery system 20 of the energy storage cabinet 10B. In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing device 50B is configured to be activated in response to at least one fire signal of the energy storage cabinet 10B. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by spraying atomized droplets onto the battery system 20, the temperature of the battery package 210 of the battery system 20 can be reduced, thereby helping to achieve the purpose of fire extinguishing.

[0038] In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing device 50 includes a solenoid valve 510, an outlet 520, and a pipeline 530. In some embodiments, the liquid provided by the liquid supply system 400 is supplied to the spray fire extinguishing device 50 through the pipeline 530. The solenoid valve 510 is opened when the spray fire extinguishing device 50 receives a fire signal. Then, the liquid provided by the liquid supply system 400 is sprayed as atomized droplets through the outlet 520 onto the battery system 20 of the energy storage cabinet 10. In some embodiments, the outlet 520 may be located above the battery package 210. In some embodiments, the aperture of the outlet 520 of the spray fire extinguishing device is smaller than the aperture of the outlet 420 of the liquid injection device. In some embodiments, the diameter of the pipeline 530 of the spray fire extinguishing device is smaller than the diameter of the pipeline 430 of the liquid injection device. In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing device 50 may include one or more solenoid valves 510, one or more outlets 520, and one or more pipelines 530.

[0039] In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing devices 50, 50A, and 50B each have solenoid valves 510, 510A, and 510B, and can each be opened in response to the fire signals of the respective energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B to spray the liquid provided by the liquid supply system 400 as atomized droplets through the corresponding outlets 520 onto the battery systems 20 of the corresponding energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B. In some embodiments, the pipelines 530 of the spray fire extinguishing devices 50, 50A, and 50B are all connected to the same liquid supply system 400. In some embodiments, the pipelines 530 of the spray fire extinguishing devices 50, 50A, and 50B may be connected to different liquid supply systems. For example, the pipelines 530 of the spray fire extinguishing devices 50 and 50A may be connected to a liquid storage tank, and the pipeline 530 of the spray fire extinguishing device 50B may be connected to a fire water supply system. In some embodiments, the liquid supply system 400 may include a water storage tank and a fire water supply system. The pipelines 530 of the spray fire extinguishing devices 50, 50A, and 50B are all connected to the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is further connected to the fire water supply system. The fire water supply system can continuously supply water into the water storage tank to enable the water storage tank to continuously supply water to the spray fire extinguishing devices 50, 50A, and 50B.

[0040] In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing system may further include a gas fire extinguishing device (not shown in the drawings). In some embodiments, the gas fire extinguishing device is configured to inject fire extinguishing gas into the battery system 20. In some embodiments, the gas fire extinguishing device may be disposed in the battery system 20. The gas fire extinguishing device may include a plurality of sealed containers filled with concentrated fire extinguishing gas or solid fire extinguishing gas. Each sealed container seals its opening through a colloid, and these sealed containers are respectively disposed in each battery package 210. When the temperature of the battery package 210 rises to a predetermined temperature (for example, above about 80 °C), the colloid on the sealed container in this battery package 210 melts to open the opening, and the fire extinguishing gas is released from the sealed container and injected into this battery package 210 to extinguish the fire. In some other embodiments, the gas fire extinguishing device may include a gas transmission pipeline and a gas outlet control valve. Each gas outlet control valve is disposed corresponding to each battery package 210 of the battery system 20. The gas outlet control valve is configured to open in response to at least one fire signal of its corresponding battery package 210. The fire extinguishing gas supply system can supply fire extinguishing gas to the corresponding gas outlet control valve through the gas supply pipeline, and inject the fire extinguishing gas into this battery package 210 to extinguish the fire. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by injecting the fire extinguishing gas into the battery package 210, the fire in the fire-starting area can be directly extinguished, which helps to achieve the fire extinguishing effect in the initial stage of battery fire.

[0041] In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing system may further include fire sensors (for example, fire sensors 60, 60A, and 60B). In some embodiments, the fire sensors 60, 60A, and 60B are configured to respectively sense the fire conditions of the energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B and generate at least one fire signal. In some embodiments, the fire sensors 60, 60A, and 60B may each include a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a combustible gas sensor, or any combination of the above. In some embodiments, the fire sensors 60, 60A, and 60B may each be disposed in the cabinet 110 and outside the battery package 210 and the battery management system 230. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, compared with the sensors disposed in the battery package 210, the fire sensors 60, 60A, and 60B disposed outside the battery package 210 and the battery management system 230 can operate independently, can quickly detect the smoke, gas, and / or temperature status in the accommodation space S1, and can select the required detection functions according to the functions of the energy storage cabinet and the requirements of its matching field, and are also easy to replace and repair. Therefore, they have the advantages of high design flexibility and low rework / repair costs.

[0042] In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing system may further include a plurality of fire sensors located in the battery packages 210, respectively in each battery package 210. The plurality of fire sensors in the battery packages 210 may each include a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a combustible gas sensor, or any combination of the above. In some embodiments, the gas outlet control valve of the gas fire extinguishing device is configured to open in response to at least one fire signal S100 generated by the fire sensor within its corresponding battery package 210. The fire signal S100 may include that the temperature of the battery package 210 exceeds a threshold value (e.g., above about 80 °C). In some other embodiments, the gas outlet control valve of the gas fire extinguishing device is configured to open in response to at least one fire signal S100 generated by the fire sensor outside its corresponding battery package 210 (e.g., at least one fire signal generated by the fire sensors 60, 60A, and / or 60B).

[0043] In some embodiments, the fire sensor 60 is configured to sense the fire condition of the energy storage cabinet 10 to generate a fire signal S101, and the spray fire extinguishing device 50 is configured to spray atomized droplets onto the battery system 20 of the energy storage cabinet 10 in response to the fire signal S101. In some embodiments, the fire sensor 60 is configured to sense the fire condition of the energy storage cabinet 10 to generate a fire signal S102, and the liquid injection device 40 is configured to inject liquid into the accommodation space S1 of the cabinet body 110 of the energy storage cabinet 10 and immerse the battery system 20 to extinguish the fire in response to the fire signal S102. In some embodiments, similar to the fire sensor 60, the fire sensor 60A is configured to sense the fire condition of the energy storage cabinet 10A to generate the fire signals S101 and S102, and the spray fire extinguishing device 50A and the liquid injection device 40A are respectively configured to open in response to the fire signals S101 and S102. The fire sensor 60B is configured to sense the fire condition of the energy storage cabinet 10B to generate the fire signals S101 and S102, and the spray fire extinguishing device 50B and the liquid injection device 40B are respectively configured to open in response to the fire signals S101 and S102.

[0044] In some embodiments, the fire extinguishing system may further include liquid level sensors (e.g., liquid level sensors 70, 70A, and 70B). In some embodiments, the liquid level sensors are configured to sense the liquid level within the accommodation space S1. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 is configured to inject liquid to flood the battery package 210 of the energy storage cabinet 10 without flooding the battery management system 230 in response to the liquid level signal generated by the liquid level sensor 70. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40A is configured to inject liquid to flood the battery package 210 of the energy storage cabinet 10A without flooding the battery management system 230 in response to the liquid level signal generated by the liquid level sensor 70A. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40B is configured to inject liquid to flood the battery package 210 of the energy storage cabinet 10B without flooding the battery management system 230 in response to the liquid level signal generated by the liquid level sensor 70B. In some embodiments, the liquid level sensors 70, 70A, and 70B may each be disposed within the cabinet 110 and outside the battery package 210 and the battery management system 230. In some embodiments, the liquid level sensors 70, 70A, and 70B may each include a liquid level gauge (e.g., a water level gauge). In some embodiments, the liquid level sensors 70, 70A, and 70B may each include a flow meter, and the liquid level is calculated by matching the size of the accommodation space S1 with the flow meter. In some embodiments, the liquid level sensors 70, 70A, and 70B may each include an image sensor (e.g., a CCD), and the distance between the image sensor and the liquid surface is detected by the image sensor disposed in the cabinet 110, and then the liquid level is calculated. In some embodiments, the liquid level sensors 70, 70A, and 70B may each include a plurality of liquid level sensors, and the plurality of liquid level sensors are respectively disposed at different liquid level height positions in a cabinet 110 (e.g., disposed on the inner wall of the cabinet 110 or disposed outside the battery package 210 at different heights) to detect the real-time liquid level.

[0045] In some embodiments, the control system 80 may be configured to activate the gas fire extinguishing device of the energy storage cabinet 10 when receiving a fire signal S100 from the fire sensor 60 or a fire signal S100 in the battery package 210. In some embodiments, the control system 80 is configured to further activate the spray fire extinguishing device 50 of the energy storage cabinet 10 when receiving a fire signal S101 from the fire sensor 60 after activating the gas fire extinguishing device. In some embodiments, the control system 80 is configured to further activate the liquid injection device 40 of the energy storage cabinet 10 when receiving a fire signal S102 from the fire sensor 60 after activating the spray fire extinguishing device 50.

[0046] In some embodiments, the control system 80 may be configured to activate the gas fire extinguishing device of the energy storage cabinet 10A when receiving a fire signal S100 from the fire sensor 60A or a fire signal S100 in the battery package 210. In some embodiments, the control system 80 is configured to further activate the spray fire extinguishing device 50A of the energy storage cabinet 10A when receiving a fire signal S101 from the fire sensor 60A after activating the gas fire extinguishing device. In some embodiments, the control system 80 is configured to further activate the liquid injection device 40A of the energy storage cabinet 10A when receiving a fire signal S102 from the fire sensor 60A after activating the spray fire extinguishing device 50A.

[0047] In some embodiments, the control system 80 may be configured to activate the gas fire extinguishing device of the energy storage cabinet 10B when receiving a fire signal S100 from the fire sensor 60B or a fire signal S100 in the battery package 210. In some embodiments, the control system 80 is configured to further activate the spray fire extinguishing device 50B of the energy storage cabinet 10B when receiving a fire signal S101 from the fire sensor 60B after activating the gas fire extinguishing device. In some embodiments, the control system 80 is configured to further activate the liquid injection device 40B of the energy storage cabinet 10B when receiving a fire signal S102 from the fire sensor 60B after activating the spray fire extinguishing device 50B.

[0048] Figure 1B The figure shows a flowchart of a fire extinguishing method for an energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, Figure 1B The steps shown may be performed by an energy storage device 1 as shown in Figure 1A or other suitable energy storage devices.

[0049] Step S11 determines whether the temperature of one or more battery packages 210 of the battery system 20 in the energy storage device exceeds a threshold value T1. In some embodiments, step S11 determines whether the temperature of one or more battery packages 210 in the energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B exceeds a threshold value T1. In some embodiments, step S11 may sense the temperature through a fire sensor (e.g., a temperature sensor) in the battery package 210. In some embodiments, this threshold value T1 may be 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, or other temperatures between 50°C and 65°C.

[0050] If it is determined that the temperature of one or more battery packages 210 in the energy storage device does not exceed the aforementioned threshold value T1, step S12 is executed. Step S12 reduces or shuts off the output current or input current of one or more battery packages 210 having a temperature exceeding the threshold value T1. In some embodiments, the battery management system 230 is configured to reduce or shut off its output current or input current when the temperature of the battery package 210 exceeds the threshold value T1.

[0051] If it is determined that the temperatures of the battery packages 210 in the energy storage device do not exceed the aforementioned threshold T1, it is determined that there is no concern about fire in the energy storage device, and step S20 is executed, which includes continuously charging the energy storage device or continuously charging an external device with the energy storage device. In some embodiments, the energy storage device can be continuously charged through a power supply device (e.g., a power transmission network, a power generation device, etc.) or an external device (e.g., a motor, an electric locomotive, a charging device for a portable electronic product, etc.) can be continuously charged with the energy storage device.

[0052] Step S13 determines whether a fire signal S100 is generated by the fire sensor. In some embodiments, step S13 determines whether the temperature of one or more battery packages 210 in the energy storage device exceeds a threshold T2. In some embodiments, this threshold T2 can be 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 200°C or other temperatures between 80°C and 200°C. In some embodiments, step S13 determines whether the temperature of one or more battery packages 210 in the energy storage cabinets 10, 10A and 10B exceeds the threshold T2 through a fire sensor (e.g., a temperature sensor inside or outside the battery package 210). In some embodiments, step S13 is performed after step S12. In some embodiments, the threshold T2 is equal to or greater than the threshold T1. In some embodiments, after step S12 is performed, it is determined whether the temperature of the battery package 210 decreases through step S13 to determine whether there is still a concern about fire in the energy storage device.

[0053] If it is determined that the temperature of any one or more of the battery packages 210 in the energy storage device exceeds the threshold T2, step S14 is executed. Step S14 performs a gas fire extinguishing step. In some embodiments, the gas fire extinguishing step includes injecting a fire extinguishing gas into the battery system 20 of the battery package 210 whose temperature exceeds the aforementioned threshold T2. In some embodiments, the gas fire extinguishing step includes injecting a fire extinguishing gas into the battery system 20 of the battery package 210 corresponding to the generated fire signal S100 in response to the fire signal S100 generated by the fire sensor. If it is determined that the temperatures of the battery packages 210 in the energy storage device do not exceed the aforementioned threshold T2 or no fire signal S100 is generated, it is determined that there is no longer a concern about fire in the energy storage device, and step S20 is executed.

[0054] Step S15 determines whether the fire sensor generates a fire signal S101 corresponding to one or more energy storage cabinets. In some embodiments, the fire signal S101 includes whether the smoke concentration in one or more accommodation spaces S1 in the energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B exceeds a threshold value, whether the temperature exceeds a threshold value (e.g., about 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, or other temperatures between 300°C and 600°C), whether the concentration of combustible gas exceeds a threshold value (e.g., 25% of the LFL of the combustible gas, e.g., methane concentration greater than 0.714% or propane concentration greater than 0.300%), or any combination of the above. In some embodiments, step S15 determines whether the fire sensors 60, 60A, and / or 60B generate a fire signal S101 corresponding to the energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and / or 10B. In some embodiments, step S15 is performed after step S14. In some embodiments, after performing step S14, it is determined through step S15 whether the fire sensor generates a fire signal S101 after performing the gas fire extinguishing step to determine whether there is still a concern about fire in the energy storage device.

[0055] If it is determined that the fire sensor generates a fire signal S101, then step S16 is performed. Step S16 performs a spray fire extinguishing step in response to the fire sensor generating a fire signal S101. In some embodiments, the spray fire extinguishing step includes spraying atomized droplets onto the battery system 20 of the energy storage cabinet corresponding to the generated fire signal S101. If it is determined that the fire sensor does not generate a fire signal S101, it is determined that there is no longer a concern about fire in the energy storage device, and step S20 is performed.

[0056] Step S17 determines whether the fire sensor generates a fire signal S102 corresponding to one or more energy storage cabinets. In some embodiments, the fire signal S102 includes whether the smoke concentration in one or more accommodation spaces S1 in the energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B exceeds a threshold value, whether the temperature exceeds a threshold value (e.g., about 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, or other temperatures between 300°C and 600°C), whether the concentration of combustible gas exceeds a threshold value (e.g., 25% of the LFL of the combustible gas, e.g., methane concentration greater than 0.714% or propane concentration greater than 0.300%), or any combination of the above. In some embodiments, step S17 determines whether the fire sensors 60, 60A, and / or 60B generate a fire signal S102 corresponding to the energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and / or 10B. In some embodiments, step S17 is performed after step S16. In some embodiments, after performing step S16, it is determined through step S17 whether the fire sensor generates a fire signal S102 after extinguishing the fire by spraying atomized droplets to determine whether there is still a concern about fire in the energy storage device.

[0057] If it is determined that the fire sensor generates a fire signal S102, step S18 is executed. Step S18 is executed in response to the fire signal S102 generated by the fire sensor, and an immersion step is executed. In some embodiments, the immersion step includes pouring a liquid into the accommodation space S1 of the cabinet 110 with a liquid injection device and immersing the battery system 20 to extinguish the fire.

[0058] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fire extinguishing method includes a plurality of hierarchical steps, and can be stopped when the effect of cooling and extinguishing the fire is achieved at any stage. Therefore, it has the effects of high-efficiency fire extinguishing and reducing costs or losses. Furthermore, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fire extinguishing is gradually carried out through a plurality of hierarchical steps, and each step contributes to the cooling of the battery. Therefore, even if the complete cooling and fire extinguishing is not achieved in a certain step, the superposed cooling effects of all the executed steps will be generated, so that the effect of cooling and extinguishing the fire can be achieved in a more efficient manner.

[0059] In addition, compared with the method of extinguishing the fire by supplying water from a fire fighting water tank to pour a water column on the energy storage device in an open space, a large amount of water will directly flow through the outer periphery of the energy storage device and flow to the ground, and the cooling water cannot directly contact the battery packages that generate a large amount of heat, so the cooling effect is very limited. In contrast, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the last step of the fire extinguishing method immerses the battery packages 210 of the battery system 20 in a liquid, and the liquid used for immersion is covered by the cabinet 110, so that the liquid in the accommodation space S1 has an effect similar to being sealed, and the liquid in the accommodation space S1 can be efficiently used to cool the battery system 20. For example, the latent heat of vaporization required for the liquid (such as water) to heat up and / or evaporate can all come from the heat release of the battery system 20, so that a good effect of cooling and extinguishing the fire can be achieved. Moreover, the combustible gas or toxic gas generated by the battery in the battery system 20 due to the fire will be contained in the space in the space S1 that is not occupied by the liquid. A part of these gases can be discharged through the pressure relief valve, and the other part can be covered by the liquid (when the gas is soluble in the liquid). Therefore, the toxic gas can be isolated, and the concentration of the combustible gas can be reduced, thereby reducing other disasters that may occur when the battery system catches fire. In this way, the energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure can successfully cool and extinguish the fire by itself through the above-mentioned fire extinguishing method, without waiting for the arrival of firefighters to extinguish the fire. Therefore, it has high safety and can be applied to various fields that require high safety, such as being used as a charging pile for electric vehicles and being installed in the vicinity of buildings or homes.

[0060] Moreover, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the liquid injection device 40 is configured to inject liquid in response to a liquid level signal generated by the liquid level sensor 70 to submerge the battery package 210 of the energy storage cabinet 10 without submerging the battery management system 230, thereby avoiding the dangerous accidents of electric shock, leakage, or even electric shock caused by the liquid submerging the battery management system 230 with a higher voltage terminal.

[0061] Figure 2 A perspective view of an energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 2 , the energy storage cabinet 10 may include a cabinet body 110, a battery system 20, a liquid injection device 40, a spray fire extinguishing device 50, a gas fire extinguishing device (not shown in the drawings), a fire sensor 60, a liquid level sensor 70, and a pressure relief valve 170. In some embodiments, the battery system 20 may include four groups of battery packages 210 and four corresponding battery management systems 230, but the number of battery packages 210 and battery management systems 230 is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the cabinet body 110 has openings 117 and 118 corresponding to two groups of battery packages 210 respectively. The door 130 may be pivotally connected to the side edges of the openings 117 and 118 of the cabinet body 110.

[0063] In some embodiments, the pressure relief valve 170 is configured to open when the pressure in the accommodation space S1 is greater than a threshold value, and this threshold value is less than the compressive strength of the cabinet body 110. In some embodiments, the liquid injected into the accommodation space S1 may evaporate due to the high temperature of the battery system 20, and when the vapor pressure is too high, it can be discharged through the pressure relief valve 170. In some embodiments, the pressure relief valve 170 may also be configured to open in response to a signal from the fire sensor to discharge smoke, combustible gas (e.g., methane, propane, or the like), or toxic gas (e.g., carbon monoxide).

[0064] In some embodiments, the cabinet body 110 may have an outlet control valve 440. In some embodiments, the outlet control valve 440 is configured to open and release the liquid in the accommodation space S1 outside the cabinet body 110. In some embodiments, the outlet control valve 440 is configured to control the injection flow rate of the liquid to be greater than the outlet flow rate, so that the battery system 20 can be continuously in a state of being submerged in the liquid. In some embodiments, the control system 80 is configured to control the injection flow rate of the liquid injection device 40 and the outlet flow rate of the outlet control valve 440.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, through the design of the outlet control valve 440, the liquid submerging the battery package 210 can be cooled again by the incoming liquid before evaporation, thereby improving the cooling effect of the liquid in the accommodation space S1 on the battery system 20, and further improving the temperature reduction and fire extinguishing effect of the energy storage device.

[0066] In some embodiments, the cabinet body 110 includes a concrete body 110A and a fire-resistant material layer 120. In some embodiments, the concrete body 110A is formed of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The fire-resistant material layer 120 directly contacts one or more inner surfaces of a plurality of walls of the concrete body 110A and is exposed to the accommodation space S1. In some embodiments, the walls of the concrete body 110A have a thickness less than or equal to about 5 cm. In some embodiments, the walls of the concrete body 110A have a thickness less than or equal to about 2.5 cm. In some embodiments, the size of the accommodation space S1 allows an operator to enter it to repair and / or operate the functional components or devices arranged in the accommodation space S1.

[0067] In some embodiments, the concrete body 110A may include synthetic fibers, steel fibers, a combination of the above, or the like. In some embodiments, the length of the synthetic fibers is about 4 millimeters (mm) to about 20 mm, and the diameter of the synthetic fibers is about 0.1 - 0.2 mm. In some embodiments, the content of the synthetic fibers in the concrete body 110A is about 20 kg / m 3 to about 60 kg / m 3 . In some embodiments, the length of the steel fibers is about 5 millimeters (mm) to about 15 mm, and the diameter of the steel fibers is about 0.2 mm. In some embodiments, the content of the steel fibers in the concrete body 110A is about 120 kg / m 3 to about 200 kg / m 3。 The synthetic fibers and / or steel fibers can enhance the flexural strength of the concrete body 110. Since the concrete body 110A includes the aforementioned synthetic fibers and / or steel fibers and is formed of ultra-high performance concrete, there is no need to arrange a steel bar structure (for example, a steel bar cage and / or a steel bar assembly composed of a plurality of stirrups) in the walls of the concrete body 110A. The concrete body 110A itself can have a bending resistance similar to that of ordinary reinforced concrete, so that the concrete body 110A can also have a smaller wall thickness, thereby reducing the overall weight of the cabinet body 110, which is beneficial to the handling and movement of the cabinet body 110.

[0068] In some embodiments, the concrete body 110A may include about 400 kg / m 3 to about 500 kg / m 3 of one of Portland Type I cement, Portland Type II cement, Portland Type III cement, Portland Type IV cement, and Portland Type V cement and about 400 kg / m 3 to about 500 kg / m 3of Portland Type I cement, Portland Type II cement, Portland Type III cement, Portland Type IV cement, or Portland Type V cement. In some embodiments, the concrete body 110A may comprise from about 120 kg / m 3 to about 180 kg / m 3 of silica fume. In some embodiments, the concrete body 110A may comprise from about 900 kg / m 3 to about 1000 kg / m 3 of silica sand. In some embodiments, the concrete body 110A may comprise from about 30 kg / m 3 to about 150 kg / m 3 of quartz powder. In some embodiments, due to the combination of the above silica fume and quartz powder, the concrete body 110A has a higher compressive strength compared to ordinary concrete.

[0069] In some embodiments, the unit structural weight of the concrete body 110A is equal to or greater than about 2300 kg / m 3 . In some embodiments, the unit structural weight of the concrete body 110A is about 2300 kg / m 3 to about 2700 kg / m 3 . In some embodiments, the compressive strength of the concrete body 110A is equal to or greater than about 120 MPa. In some embodiments, the compressive strength of the concrete body 110A is from about 120 MPa to about 180 MPa. In some embodiments, the ultimate flexural strength of the concrete body 110A is greater than about 15 MPa. In this way, there is no need to provide a steel cage and / or a steel bar assembly composed of a plurality of stirrups for enhancing the flexural strength in the concrete body 110A, so that the concrete body 110A can have a smaller wall thickness, thereby reducing the overall weight of the cabinet 110. Moreover, the concrete body 110A can provide high compressive strength and high flexural strength for the cabinet 110, and thus can be applied in relatively extreme environments (for example, environments with high-temperature flames) while still maintaining the integrity of the overall structure.

[0070] In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the concrete body 110A is equal to or less than about 1.8 W / m·K. In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the concrete body 110A is from about 1.6 W / m·K to about 1.8 W / m·K. Compared with metal materials or general concrete (whose thermal conductivity is from about 1.9 W / m·K to about 2.1 W / m·K), the concrete body 110A of the present disclosure has a better thermal insulation effect, which is conducive to slowing down the heat conduction between the inside of the accommodation space S1 and the outside of the concrete body 110A. When the devices or components in the accommodation space S1 need to be maintained at a specific high or low temperature, the good thermal insulation effect of the concrete body 110A helps to reduce the energy required by the air conditioning equipment, can reduce the operating cost, and has the additional effect of environmental protection, energy conservation and carbon reduction.

[0071] In some embodiments, the fire-resistant material layer 120 includes ceramic fiber boards, ceramic fiber blankets, refractory mud, refractory bricks, lightweight aggregate refractories, thermal insulation materials, or any combination of the above. In some embodiments, the fire-resistant material layer 120 has a thickness less than or equal to about 5 cm. In some embodiments, the fire-resistant material layer 120 has a thickness less than or equal to about 2.5 cm. In some embodiments, the semi-finished product of the fire-resistant material layer 120 and the concrete slurry can be bonded before the concrete slurry hardens by pouring the mixed concrete slurry into a mold with a predetermined shape, and then curing is carried out. In this way, the hardened concrete can be firmly bonded to the fire-resistant material layer 120, so that the bonding interface between the concrete body 110A and the fire-resistant material layer 120 has a high bonding strength, and thus the fire-resistant material layer 120 will not fall off due to high heat.

[0072] In some embodiments, the cabinet 110 is configured to withstand a flame with a temperature equal to or higher than at least about 150°C. In some embodiments, the cabinet 110 is configured to withstand a flame with a temperature equal to or higher than about 150°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, or other temperatures between 150°C and 1200°C. In some embodiments, the cabinet 110 is configured to have a compressive strength greater than at least about 60 MPa. In some embodiments, the cabinet 110 is configured to have a compressive strength greater than about 60 MPa, 70 MPa, 80 MPa, 90 MPa, 100 MPa, 110 MPa, 120 MPa, 130 MPa, 140 MPa, 150 MPa, 160 MPa, 170 MPa, 180 MPa, or other compressive strengths between 60 MPa and 180 MPa. In some embodiments, the cabinet 110 is configured to withstand a flame with a temperature equal to or higher than about 600°C and have a compressive strength greater than about 120 MPa. In some embodiments, the cabinet 110 is configured to withstand a flame with a temperature equal to or higher than about 900°C. In some embodiments, the cabinet 110 is configured to withstand a flame with a temperature equal to or higher than about 900°C to about 1200°C. In some embodiments, the entire concrete body 110A and the fire-resistant material layer 120 are configured to withstand a flame with a temperature equal to or higher than about 900°C. In some embodiments, the entire concrete body 110A and the fire-resistant material layer 120 are configured to withstand a flame with a temperature equal to or higher than about 900°C to about 1200°C.

[0073] In some other embodiments, the cabinet 110 may also include a steel structure material, such as a thick metal plate. In some embodiments, the cabinet 110 made of the steel structure material is configured to withstand a flame with a temperature equal to or higher than about 150°C (e.g., a flame with a temperature equal to or higher than about 150°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, or other temperatures between 150°C and 1200°C) and have a compressive strength greater than about 60 MPa (e.g., greater than about 60 MPa, 70 MPa, 80 MPa, 90 MPa, 100 MPa, 110 MPa, 120 MPa, 130 MPa, 140 MPa, 150 MPa, 160 MPa, 170 MPa, 180 MPa, or other compressive strengths between 60 MPa and 180 MPa).

[0074] Figure 3A A partial schematic diagram of the cabinet 110 of the energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 2 andFigure 3A , the energy storage cabinet 10 further includes a door 130 and buffers 140 and 240. In some embodiments, the door 130 may be pivoted to the side edges of the opening 117 of the cabinet 110. In some embodiments, the door 130 may be pivoted to the side edges 1171 and 1172 of the opening 117 of the cabinet 110 through the door frame 130A. In some embodiments, the door 130 includes two door panels, which are opened left and right and are respectively pivoted to the side edges 1171 and 1172 of the opening 117 of the cabinet 110. In some embodiments, the buffer 140 is used to seal the gap between the door 130 and the side edges (for example, side edges 1171, 1172, 1173 and 1174) of the opening 117 of the cabinet 110. In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 The energy storage cabinet 10 may further include another door 130, which is pivotally connected to the side edges 1181 and 1182 of the opening 118 of the cabinet 110 through the door frame 130A. In some embodiments, the door frame 130A is disposed on the cabinet 110, and the buffer 140 is used to seal the gap between the door frame 130A and the side edges (e.g., side edges 1171, 1172, 1173, and 1174) of the opening 117 of the cabinet 110. In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 The buffer member 140 is used to seal the gap between the door frame 130A and the side edges (eg, side edges 1181 , 1182 , 1183 , and 1184 ) of the opening 118 of the cabinet 110 .

[0076] In some embodiments, the door 130 includes a concrete layer 131 and a door frame 133, wherein the concrete layer 131 is installed in the door frame 133. In some embodiments, the buffer 240 is used to seal a gap between the concrete layer 131 and the door frame 133.

[0077] In some embodiments, the buffer 140 is configured to deform or rupture when the pressure in the accommodation space S1 is greater than a threshold value to produce a pressure relief buffer mechanism, and the threshold value is less than the compressive strength of the cabinet 110. In some embodiments, the buffer 240 is configured to deform or rupture when the pressure in the accommodation space S1 is greater than a threshold value to produce a pressure relief buffer mechanism, and the threshold value is less than the compressive strength of the cabinet 110. In some embodiments, the liquid injection device 40 injects liquid into the accommodation space S1 of the cabinet 110 at a first flow rate, and the liquid in the accommodation space S1 overflows to the outside of the cabinet 110 through the pressure relief buffer mechanism at a second flow rate, and the first flow rate is greater than the second flow rate. In some embodiments, the buffers 140 and 240 include silicon carbide.

[0078] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, through the design of the buffer members 140 and 240, part of the liquid can flow out of the cabinet body 110, and the injection flow rate is maintained to be greater than the outflow rate, so that the battery system 20 can be continuously immersed in the liquid, and there is no need to control the liquid outflow through an additional pressure sensor and control system, which has the effects of simple operation and cost reduction. Furthermore, through the design of the buffer members 140 and 240, the liquid submerging the battery package 210 can be cooled again by the incoming liquid before evaporation, thereby improving the cooling effect of the liquid in the accommodation space S1 on the battery system 20, and further improving the temperature reduction and fire extinguishing effect of the energy storage device.

[0079] Figure 3B Shows a partial exploded view of the door 130 of the cabinet body 110 of the energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0080] In some embodiments, the door 130 includes a concrete layer 131 and a fire-resistant material layer 120 disposed on the concrete layer 131. In some embodiments, the concrete layer 131 and the fire-resistant material layer 120 together form a door panel, and the buffer member 240 is used to seal the gap between the door panel and the door panel frame 133.

[0081] Figure 4 Shows a perspective view of the cabinet body 110 of the energy storage device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0082] In some embodiments, the concrete body 110A of the cabinet body 110 further includes a plurality of ribs 110B, and the ribs 110B protrude from the wall 110C of the concrete body 110A. In some embodiments, the protruding height H1 of the ribs 110B is greater than the thickness of the wall 110C. In some embodiments, the protruding height H1 of the ribs 110B is approximately 2 to 5 times the thickness of the wall 110C. In some embodiments, the wall 110C of the concrete body 110A has a thickness less than or equal to about 2.5 cm, and the protruding height H1 of the ribs 110B is approximately 10 to 13 cm.

[0083] In some embodiments, the concrete body 110A is integrally formed. In some embodiments, the integrally formed concrete body 110A can be fabricated by pouring the mixed concrete slurry into a mold with a predetermined shape, followed by curing and demolding.

[0084] Figure 5 Shows a schematic diagram of the energy storage device 1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0085] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 1 includes a plurality of energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B, and the fire extinguishing system further includes a plurality of liquid injection devices 40, 40A, and 40B. In some embodiments, two or more of the plurality of energy storage cabinets can be arranged close to each other completely. For example, they can be arranged in pairs, or arranged close to each other in groups of multiple energy storage cabinets. The multiple energy storage cabinets arranged close to each other can form an energy storage device in the form of a multi-unit combination similar to a cargo container. In some other embodiments, the multiple energy storage cabinets 10, 10A, and 10B can also be arranged separately from each other. As Figure 5 shown, in some embodiments, when a fire occurs in the energy storage cabinet 10, after the flooding step of the energy storage cabinet 10, the liquid overflowing from the energy storage cabinet 10 through the pressure relief and buffering mechanism 140S of the buffer member 140 can be isolated from the battery system 20 of the energy storage cabinet 10A through the cabinet body 110 of the energy storage cabinet 10A. And, in some embodiments, since the cabinet body 110 is configured to withstand a flame at a relatively high temperature (for example, a flame at a temperature equal to or higher than about 600 °C) and has a relatively large compressive strength (for example, a compressive strength greater than about 120 MPa), even if a fire occurs in an adjacent energy storage cabinet, generating high heat or causing the liquid to overflow outward due to the execution of the flooding step, the energy storage cabinets without a fire (for example, the energy storage cabinets 10A and 10B) can still maintain good operation without being affected.

[0086] As used herein, the terms "about," "substantially," "essentially," and "approximately" are used to describe and account for small variations. When used in connection with an event or circumstance, the terms can refer to instances in which the event or circumstance occurs precisely as well as instances in which the event or circumstance occurs very nearly as such. For example, when used in connection with a numerical value, the terms can refer to a variation range of ±10% or less of that numerical value, such as ±5% or less, ±4% or less, ±3% or less, ±2% or less, ±1% or less, ±0.5% or less, ±0.1% or less, or ±0.05% or less. For example, if the difference between two values is less than or equal to ±10% of the average value of the values, such as ±5% or less, ±4% or less, ±3% or less, ±2% or less, ±1% or less, ±0.5% or less, ±0.1% or less, or ±0.05% or less, then the two numerical values can be considered "substantially" or "approximately" the same. For example, "substantially" parallel can refer to an angular variation range of less than or equal to ±10° relative to 0°, such as ±5° or less, ±4° or less, ±3° or less, ±2° or less, ±1° or less, ±0.5° or less, ±0.1° or less, or ±0.05° or less. For example, "substantially" perpendicular can refer to an angular variation range of less than or equal to ±10° relative to 90°, such as ±5° or less, ±4° or less, ±3° or less, ±2° or less, ±1° or less, ±0.5° or less, ±0.1° or less, or ±0.05° or less.

[0087] If the displacement between two surfaces is no greater than 5 μm, no greater than 2 μm, no greater than 1 μm, or no greater than 0.5 μm, then the two surfaces can be considered coplanar or substantially coplanar.

[0088] As used herein, the terms "conductive," "electrically conductive," and "conductivity" refer to the ability to transport an electric current. Conductive materials generally denote those materials that exhibit minimal or zero resistance to the flow of an electric current. One measure of conductivity is Siemens per meter (S / m). Generally, a conductive material is a material having a conductivity greater than about 10 4 S / m (such as at least 10 5 S / m or at least 10 6 S / m). The conductivity of a material can sometimes vary with temperature. Unless otherwise specified, the conductivity of a material is measured at room temperature.

[0089] As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular terms "a" and "the" may include plural referents. In the description of some embodiments, a component disposed "on" or "above" another component may cover the case where the former component is directly on the latter component (e.g., in physical contact therewith), as well as the case where one or more intervening components are located between the former component and the latter component.

[0090] Although the present disclosure has been described and illustrated with reference to specific embodiments thereof, such description and illustration are not limiting of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily understand that various changes can be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims, and equivalent components can be substituted within the embodiments. The drawings may not necessarily be drawn to scale. Due to variables in the manufacturing process and the like, there may be differences between the process reproductions and the actual devices in the present disclosure. There may be other embodiments of the present disclosure that are not specifically shown. The specification and drawings should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Modifications can be made to adapt the specific circumstances, materials, compositions of matter, methods, or procedures to the objectives, spirit, and scope of the present disclosure. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims. Although the methods disclosed herein have been described with reference to specific operations performed in a specific order, it will be understood that these operations can be combined, sub-divided, or re-ordered to form equivalent methods without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. Thus, unless specifically indicated herein, the order and grouping of operations are not limitations of the present disclosure.

[0091] [Description of Symbols]

[0092] 1: Energy storage device

[0093] 10: Energy storage cabinet

[0094] 10A: Energy storage cabinet

[0095] 10B: Energy storage cabinet

[0096] 110: Cabinet body

[0097] 20: Battery system

[0098] 30: Plate

[0099] 40: Liquid injection device

[0100] 40A: Liquid injection device

[0101] 40B: Liquid injection device

[0102] 50: Spray fire extinguishing device

[0103] 50A: Spray fire extinguishing device

[0104] 50B: Spray fire extinguishing device

[0105] 60: Fire sensor

[0106] 60A: Fire sensor

[0107] 60B: Fire sensor

[0108] 70: Liquid level sensor

[0109] 70A: Liquid level sensor

[0110] 70B: Liquid level sensor

[0111] 80: Control system

[0112] 90: Screw

[0113] 110A: Concrete body

[0114] 110B: Rib

[0115] 110C: Wall

[0116] 110D: Nut

[0117] 117: Opening

[0118] 118: Opening

[0119] 120: Flame - resistant material layer

[0120] 130: Door

[0121] 131: Concrete layer

[0122] 133: Door frame

[0123] 140: Buffer

[0124] 140S: Pressure - relief buffer mechanism

[0125] 170: Pressure - relief valve

[0126] 170A: Pressure - relief valve

[0127] 170B: Pressure - relief valve

[0128] 210: Battery package

[0129] 230: Battery management system

[0130] 240: Buffer

[0131] 310: Hole

[0132] 400: Liquid supply system

[0133] 410: Solenoid valve

[0134] 410A: Solenoid valve

[0135] 410B: Solenoid valve

[0136] 420: Outlet

[0137] 430: Pipeline

[0138] 440: Outlet control valve

[0139] 510: Solenoid valve

[0140] 510A: Solenoid valve

[0141] 510B: Solenoid valve

[0142] 520: Outlet

[0143] 530: Pipeline

[0144] 1171: Side edge

[0145] 1172: Side edge

[0146] 1173: Side edge

[0147] 1174: Side edge

[0148] 1181: Side edge

[0149] 1182: Side edge

[0150] 1183: Side edge

[0151] 1184: Side edge

[0152] H1: Height

[0153] θ: Depression angle

[0154] S1: Accommodating space

[0155] S11: Step

[0156] S12: Step

[0157] S13: Step

[0158] S14: Step

[0159] S15: Step

[0160] S16: Step

[0161] S17: Step

[0162] S18: Step

[0163] S20: Step

Claims

1. An energy storage device, comprising: An energy storage cabinet, comprising a cabinet body, the cabinet body comprising a concrete body and a fire-resistant material layer and configured to withstand a flame at a temperature equal to or higher than about 400 °C and having a compressive strength greater than about 60 MPa, and the cabinet body having an accommodation space for accommodating at least one battery system, wherein the cabinet body further comprises a pressure relief valve configured to open when the pressure in the accommodation space is greater than a threshold value; and A fire extinguishing system, comprising a liquid injection device and a liquid guiding structure, the liquid injection device configured to inject a liquid into the liquid guiding structure, the liquid guiding structure configured to disperse the liquid and flow it into the accommodation space of the cabinet body and immerse the at least one battery system to extinguish a fire.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid guiding structure is a plate.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 2, wherein the plate has an unfolded portion in a direction away from the liquid injection device, and the unfolded portion has a depression angle relative to the horizontal plane.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 3, further comprising: An Energy Management System (EMS); A motor connected to the plate; Wherein the Energy Management System (EMS) controls the depression angle and / or a direction of the unfolded portion of the plate via the motor.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 4, wherein the depression angle is approximately 5 to 60 degrees.

6. The energy storage device according to claim 2, wherein the plate has a plurality of holes.

7. The energy storage device according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of holes are arranged in a matrix.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 6, wherein the density of the plurality of holes is proportional to the distance between the holes and the liquid injection device.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 6, wherein the cross-sectional area of the plurality of holes is proportional to the distance between the holes and the liquid injection device.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 6, wherein the total cross-sectional area of the plurality of holes is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of the outlet of the liquid injection device.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage cabinet further comprises: A door pivotally connected to an opening side edge of the cabinet body; And A buffer member for sealing a gap between the door and the opening side edge of the cabinet body, wherein the buffer member is configured to deform or rupture when the pressure in the accommodation space is greater than a threshold value to generate a pressure relief buffer mechanism, and the threshold value is less than the compressive strength of the cabinet body.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 11, wherein the liquid injection device injects the liquid into the accommodation space of the cabinet body at a first flow rate, and the liquid in the accommodation space overflows outside the cabinet body through the pressure relief buffer mechanism at a second flow rate, and the first flow rate is greater than the second flow rate.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein: The fire extinguishing system further includes a liquid level sensor configured to sense the liquid level within the accommodation space; and The at least one battery system includes a plurality of battery packs and a battery management system (BMS) located above the plurality of battery packs. The liquid injection device is configured to pour the liquid in response to a liquid level signal from the liquid level sensor to submerge the battery packs without submerging the battery management system.

14. The energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the concrete body is formed of an ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), and the fire-resistant material layer directly contacts one or more inner surfaces of a plurality of walls of the concrete body and is exposed to the accommodation space.

15. The energy storage device according to claim 14, wherein the concrete body further includes a plurality of ribs protruding from the plurality of walls, and a protruding height of the plurality of ribs is greater than a thickness of the plurality of walls.

16. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 2 to 10, further including a plurality of the energy storage cabinets. The fire extinguishing system further includes a plurality of the liquid injection devices and a plurality of the liquid guiding structures corresponding to each of the plurality of liquid injection devices. Each liquid injection device is configured to pour the liquid into each liquid guiding structure. Each liquid guiding structure is configured to disperse the liquid and flow it into the accommodation space of each cabinet to submerge each of the at least one battery systems for fire extinguishing.

17. The energy storage device according to claim 16, wherein the energy storage cabinets further include an energy management system (EMS) configured to transfer the energy of the batteries of the at least one battery system in one of the energy storage cabinets to the at least one battery system in another one of the energy storage cabinets.

18. A method for extinguishing fire in an energy storage device, comprising: Providing an energy storage device, including: An energy storage cabinet including a cabinet body having a concrete body and a fire-resistant material layer and configured to withstand a flame at a temperature equal to or higher than about 400 °C and having a compressive strength greater than about 60 MPa, and the cabinet body has an accommodation space for accommodating at least one battery system, wherein the cabinet body further includes a pressure relief valve; and A fire extinguishing system including a liquid injection device, a liquid guiding structure, and a fire sensor configured to sense the fire condition of the energy storage cabinet and generate at least one fire signal; Performing a flooding step, including: in response to a first fire signal generated by the fire sensor, pouring a liquid into the liquid guiding structure with the liquid injection device, and the liquid guiding structure is configured to disperse the liquid and flow it into the accommodation space of the cabinet body to submerge the at least one battery system for fire extinguishing; and When the pressure in the accommodation space is greater than a threshold value, the pressure relief valve is opened.

19. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 18, wherein the liquid guiding structure is a plate.

20. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 19, wherein the plate has a deployed portion in a direction away from the liquid injection device, and the deployed portion has a depression angle relative to the horizontal plane.

21. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 20, further comprising: An energy management system (EMS); A motor connected to the plate; Wherein the energy management system (EMS) controls the depression angle and / or a direction of the deployed portion of the plate via the motor.

22. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 21, wherein the depression angle is approximately 5 to 60 degrees.

23. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 19, wherein the plate has a plurality of holes.

24. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 23, wherein the plurality of holes are arranged in a matrix.

25. The energy storage device according to claim 23, wherein the density of the plurality of holes is proportional to the distance between the holes and the liquid injection device.

26. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 23, wherein the cross-sectional area of the plurality of holes is proportional to the distance between the holes and the liquid injection device.

27. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 23, wherein the total cross-sectional area of the plurality of holes is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of the outlet of the liquid injection device.

28. An energy storage device, comprising: An energy storage cabinet, comprising a cabinet body, the cabinet body comprising a concrete body and a fire-resistant material layer and configured to withstand a flame at a temperature equal to or higher than about 400 °C, and the cabinet body having an accommodation space for accommodating at least one battery system, wherein the cabinet body further comprises a pressure relief valve configured to open when the pressure in the accommodation space is greater than a threshold value; and A fire extinguishing system, comprising a liquid injection device and a liquid guiding structure, the liquid injection device configured to inject liquid into the liquid guiding structure, the liquid guiding structure configured to disperse the liquid and flow into the accommodation space of the cabinet body and immerse the at least one battery system to extinguish the fire.

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