A landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals

Abstract

The present invention relates to a landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals, which is applied to the field of acoustic wave measurement. A sensor hardware group is installed on the geology to be monitored, and an acoustic emission sensor is used to collect and analyze geological acoustic signals to determine whether a landslide signal exists, thereby achieving a graded early warning of landslide precursors. Combined with the data changes of a pressure sensor, the actual landslide state is effectively perceived, and further judgment and early warning are achieved. The collected acoustic signals are backed up in an external memory and a data storage built into the acoustic emission sensor. When the pressure sensor data changes, the sensor hardware group is disassembled, so that the acoustic emission sensor and the external memory are dispersed in the landslide body. At the same time, the extension line is extended in the landslide body to effectively increase the distribution range of the external memory, thereby improving the probability of finding the backup data in the landslide body, and providing actual data support for future landslide disaster prediction work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a landslide disaster monitoring system, in particular to a landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals and applied in the field of acoustic wave measurement. Background Art

[0002] Acoustic emission is the phenomenon of stress concentration inside an object, which causes the rapid release of energy through elastic waves. Acoustic emission technology has developed from fields such as pressure vessel testing, metal fatigue testing, and fracture mechanics applications to current fields such as seismology and geophysics. The process of destruction of the original structure inside a mountain and relative sliding will release acoustic emission signals, such as the acoustic emission signals generated by rock fracture. By detecting and analyzing acoustic emissions, it is possible to locate landslide points and predict landslide time.

[0003] For example, the specification of Chinese patent CN101799284B discloses a device for monitoring impending landslides using acoustic waves. The device includes a pressure field acoustic wave sensor, a monitoring host, and a PC installed with landslide geological disaster monitoring software. The monitoring host further processes the signals acquired by the pressure field acoustic wave sensor, while the PC is used to store, display, analyze, and issue early warnings. The present invention utilizes acoustic wave information generated by rock fracture and friction during impending landslide monitoring to monitor landslides. This allows for timely acquisition of early warning information about impending landslides and, based on software analysis, provides early warnings, thereby minimizing the loss of life and property to nearby residents caused by landslide disasters.

[0004] For example, the specification of Chinese patent CN118293838A discloses a coal mine rock and soil displacement and landslide alarm system using acoustic wave monitoring. The system obtains the rock and soil displacement at all displacement monitoring points through acoustic wave monitoring, and analyzes the displacement conditions of all displacement monitoring points based on the information to generate a high-risk landslide signal or a low-risk landslide signal. When a high-risk landslide signal is generated, personnel are evacuated in a timely manner and corresponding control measures are taken in a targeted manner to effectively avoid casualties and property losses. When a low-risk landslide signal is generated, all displacement monitoring points are periodically monitored and analyzed to grasp the risk growth status of each location, realize the displacement and landslide risk prediction of the coal mine rock strata, and further ensure coal mine safety.

[0005] When using acoustic emission monitoring technology to monitor landslides, each collection node needs to transmit data to the background monitoring terminal for data storage and analysis. However, in actual situations, when the collection node transmits data, it is easy for various factors (such as electromagnetic interference, bad weather, etc.) to cause signal attenuation, line failure, etc., resulting in data transmission failure, thereby causing the loss of important collected data, affecting landslide monitoring work, and making it difficult to provide more data reference for future landslide disaster prediction work. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned existing technologies, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that external interference can easily lead to signal attenuation of acoustic signal collection nodes, data transmission line failure and other problems, resulting in data transmission failure and loss of collected landslide acoustic signal data, affecting subsequent landslide disaster prediction work.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals, comprising a monitoring and early warning center and a sensor matrix formed by multiple sensor hardware groups;

[0008] The sensing hardware group includes an acoustic emission sensor and a protective box. The internal part of the protective box is fixedly connected to an external memory and a controller. The controller is equipped with a signal acquisition and storage module. The signal acquisition and storage module includes an acquisition unit, a bidirectional storage unit, a state sensing unit and a cracking unit.

[0009] The outer ends of the acoustic emission sensor and the protective box are covered with the same cracking box, the lower end of the protective box is fixedly connected to a single mask extending to the outside of the cracking box, and the inner top surface of the single mask is fixedly connected to a pressure sensor;

[0010] The protective box includes an outer box and an inner box. The inner box is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the outer box, and an air cavity is formed between the two. A gas generating device is fixedly connected to the interior of the inner box, and an air guide pipe is fixedly connected to the gas generating device. The air guide pipe is fixedly connected through the inner box and communicates with the air cavity. A plurality of evenly distributed connecting pipes are fixedly connected to the side end of the outer box, and an extension line is threadedly connected to the end of the connecting pipe away from the outer box.

[0011] As a further supplement to the present application, the cracking box includes a pair of half-box bodies, a pair of side ends of the protective box are fixedly connected to electromagnets, the inner walls of the half-box bodies are fixedly connected to magnets, one side end of the half-box bodies is fixedly connected to multiple docking plates, and the side end of the other half-box body is provided with multiple docking grooves, and the multiple docking plates are respectively inserted into the interior of the multiple docking grooves.

[0012] As a further supplement to this application, the external memory and the controller are fixedly connected to the inside of the inner box, the acoustic emission sensor is connected to the acquisition unit, the external memory and the data receiving module are connected to the bidirectional storage unit, the pressure sensor is connected to the state sensing unit, and the electromagnet is connected to the cracking unit.

[0013] As a further supplement to the present application, the signal acquisition and storage module also includes a gas generating unit, and the gas generating device is connected to the gas generating unit.

[0014] As a further supplement to the present application, the monitoring and early warning center includes a data receiving module, a data processing module, a signal feature library and an early warning module. The signal feature library stores acoustic signal feature data when a landslide occurs as a precursor.

[0015] As a further supplement to the present application, a flexible cover is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the single mask. The flexible cover is made of anti-corrosion rubber material and is arranged on the outside of the pressure sensor.

[0016] As a further supplement to the present application, the extension line is connected to the air cavity through a connecting pipe. The extension line includes a joint, an inflatable rope and an end. The inflatable rope is fixedly connected between the joint and the end. The inflatable rope includes an outer soft cover and a rope core. The rope core is located inside the outer soft cover, and an inflatable space is formed between the two. The joint is connected to the inflatable space.

[0017] As a further supplement to the present application, a piston plate is slidably connected to the interior of the outer box, the piston plate is located on the upper side of the inner box, and a compression spring is fixedly connected between the upper end of the piston plate and the inner top surface of the outer box.

[0018] A landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals, the use method of which includes the following steps:

[0019] S1, acquire the acoustic emission signal of the geological structure to be monitored in real time through the signal acquisition and storage module, and send the acoustic emission signal to the monitoring and early warning center and the external storage respectively;

[0020] S2, after the data processing module processes and analyzes the acoustic emission signal, it extracts the frequency characteristics of the acoustic emission signal and compares it with the pre-stored landslide acoustic signal characteristic data. When the similarity between the two is not less than the set similarity threshold C, it is determined to be a landslide signal;

[0021] S3. When a landslide signal is detected in step S2, the monitoring and warning center issues a first-level warning, and then continues with steps S1 and S2;

[0022] S4: When the landslide signal is detected again within the set time range, a second-level warning is issued;

[0023] S5. In step S3, when the pressure sensor detects a significant change in pressure data, the signal acquisition and storage module sends the pressure data to the monitoring and early warning center. At this time, the monitoring and early warning center issues a third-level early warning. At the same time, the cracking unit is started to open the cracking box. As the landslide moves, the acoustic emission sensor and the protective box will be dispersed inside the landslide.

[0024] As another improvement of the present application, in step S5, after the cracking unit is started, the time is delayed by T, and the gas generating unit is started again, so that the gas generating device generates gas and releases the gas into the gas cavity through the gas duct, and then the gas is dispersed into multiple extension lines, so that the extension lines are stretched, prompting the extension lines to be distributed in the landslide body.

[0025] In summary, this application installs a sensor matrix consisting of multiple sensor hardware groups on the geology to be monitored, and uses acoustic emission sensors to collect and analyze geological sound signals to determine whether there are landslide signals, thereby achieving graded early warning of landslide precursors. The actual landslide state is effectively perceived through the data changes of the pressure sensor, thereby achieving further judgment and early warning. In addition, the collected sound signals are doubly backed up by the built-in data storage and external memory of the acoustic emission sensor, and when the pressure sensor data changes, the sensor hardware group is disassembled so that the acoustic emission sensor and the external memory are dispersed in the landslide body. In the later processing of the landslide body, the probability of obtaining backup data can be increased, providing actual data support for future landslide disaster prediction work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a system diagram of the first, second, and third implementation modes of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 3D diagrams of the sensing hardware assembly in the first, second, and third embodiments of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a side structural diagram of the sensor hardware group in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 The first embodiment of the present application is a three-dimensional representation of the sensor hardware group when it is not assembled. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 5 The first embodiment of the present application is a three-dimensional representation of the sensor hardware group when it is not assembled. Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic side structural diagram of the sensor hardware group during installation in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a state diagram of the sensing hardware group when a landslide occurs in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the side structure of the sensor hardware group after assembly in the second and third embodiments of the present application;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic side structural diagram of the sensor hardware group before assembly in the second and third embodiments of the present application;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the protective box in the second and third embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 11This is a diagram showing the changing state of the extension line when the gas generating device is started in the second and third embodiments of the present application;

[0037] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the side structure of the extension line in the second and third embodiments of the present application;

[0038] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the partial side structure of the inflatable rope in the second and third embodiments of the present application;

[0039] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the partial side structure of the connection between the joint and the inflation rope in the second and third embodiments of this application.

[0040] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0041] 1 Acoustic emission sensor, 2 External memory, 3 Protective box, 301 Electromagnet, 31 Outer box, 32 Inner box, 33 Gas generating device, 34 Air guide tube, 35 Piston plate, 36 Compression spring, 37 Connecting pipe, 4 Single mask, 5 Pressure sensor, 6 Flexible sleeve, 7 Cracking box, 71 Half box, 7101 Docking groove, 72 Docking plate, 73 Magnet, 8 Extension line, 81 Connector, 82 Inflatable rope, 8201 Outer soft sleeve, 8202 Rope core, 83 End. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following describes three implementation methods of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] The first implementation method:

[0044] The present invention provides a landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals. Figure 1 It includes a sensor matrix composed of multiple sensor hardware groups and a monitoring and early warning center. The monitoring and early warning center includes a data receiving module, a data processing module, a signal feature library and an early warning module. The signal feature library stores the acoustic signal feature data of the precursor of the landslide, and the acoustic signal feature data can be extracted from the historical monitoring data of the landslide accident. The data receiving module is used to receive the monitoring data sent by the sensor hardware group, and the early warning module is used to issue early warning reminders.

[0045] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3The sensing hardware group includes an acoustic emission sensor 1 and a protective box 3. The internal part of the protective box 3 is fixedly connected to an external memory 2 and a controller. The acoustic emission sensor 1 itself has a protective shell. The protective shell and the protective box 3 are made of high-strength materials, such as carbon steel and stainless steel, to reduce the damage to the internal electronic components when a landslide occurs. The outer ends of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3 are sleeved with the same cracking box 7. The lower end of the protective box 3 is fixedly connected to a single mask 4 extending to the outside of the cracking box 7. The inner top surface of the single mask 4 is fixedly connected to a pressure sensor 5. The cracking box 7 includes a pair of half-boxes 71. A pair of side ends of the protective box 3 are fixedly connected to an electromagnet 301, and the inner wall of the half-box 71 is fixedly connected to a magnet 73;

[0046] Combine Figure 4 As shown, the acoustic emission sensor 1, the protective box 3 and the cracking box 7 are a detachable structure, and the assembly method is as follows: first, a half box 71 is put on one side end of the protective box 3, and the lower end of the protective box 3 is fit with the inner bottom surface of the half box 71, and then the acoustic emission sensor 1 is placed on the upper end of the protective box 3 and inserted between the protective box 3 and the half box 71 (the sum of the vertical lengths of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3 is equal to the vertical length of the notch in the half box 71, so that the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3 are not easy to shake between a pair of half boxes 71 after assembly), and then the other half box 71 is put on the other side end of the protective box 3, and the electromagnet 301 is in the energized on state, generating magnetic attraction on the magnet 73, so that the pair of half boxes 71 are stably put on the outer ends of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3.

[0047] The controller is equipped with a signal acquisition and storage module, which includes an acquisition unit, a bidirectional storage unit, a state sensing unit and a cracking unit. The acoustic emission sensor 1 is connected to the acquisition unit, and the external memory 2 and the data receiving module are both connected to the bidirectional storage unit. The acoustic emission sensor 1 is used to collect the actual acoustic emission signal of the geology and transmit it to the acquisition unit. Then the bidirectional storage unit synchronously sends the actual acoustic emission signal to the external memory 2 and the data receiving module. On the one hand, the monitoring and early warning center processes and analyzes the data to determine whether it is a landslide signal. On the other hand, the external memory 2 backs up and stores the actual acoustic emission signal. In addition, the acoustic emission sensor 1 also has a built-in storage, so that the acoustic emission sensor 1 itself also has a data storage function. The pressure sensor 5 is connected to the state sensing unit, and the electromagnet 301 is connected to the cracking unit.

[0048] The installation methods of the sensor hardware group for this application include the following: Figure 6, dig a vertical hole slightly larger than the size of the sensor hardware group on the geological surface to be monitored (the geological surface to be monitored is generally soil or rock, both of which can be drilled on its surface using a drilling tool), place a pad at the bottom of the hole, and then place the sensor hardware group in the hole with the single mask 4 facing downward, and make the lower end opening of the single mask 4 fit with the upper end of the pad, and then fill soil between the sensor hardware group and the hole wall to prevent the sensor hardware group from moving easily in the hole. Similarly, fill and compact soil on the upper end of the sensor hardware group to cover the upper end of the sensor hardware group and make the upper end of the soil flush with the geological surface; the function of the pad is: during normal monitoring, it is difficult for the soil in the hole to enter the single mask 4 to generate force on the pressure sensor 5, and it is not easy to easily trigger the cracking unit in the following step S5.

[0049] A flexible sleeve 6 is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the single mask 4. The flexible sleeve 6 is made of an anti-corrosion rubber material, such as fluororubber. The flexible sleeve 6 is arranged on the outside of the pressure sensor 5. In the initial state, it does not contact the pressure sensor 5, thereby protecting the pressure sensor 5, making the pressure sensor 5 less susceptible to environmental corrosion such as moisture in the geology, and improving the service life of the pressure sensor 5.

[0050] A landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals, the use method of which includes the following steps:

[0051] S1, acquire the acoustic emission signal of the geological structure to be monitored in real time through the signal acquisition and storage module, and send the acoustic emission signal to the monitoring and early warning center and the external memory 2 respectively;

[0052] During normal monitoring, the data collected by the acoustic emission sensor 1 will be sent to the monitoring and early warning center for processing and analysis to determine whether it is a landslide signal. However, in actual monitoring, due to the influence of certain factors, the data may fail to be sent to the monitoring and early warning center during transmission. Possible factors include: electromagnetic interference (such as high-voltage lines, lightning), severe weather (heavy rain, heavy snow) causing signal attenuation, data transmission line failure, etc. Therefore, through the data storage function of the acoustic emission sensor 1 itself and the storage function of the external memory 2, a dual backup effect of data can be achieved, providing more analytical data for future landslide disaster prediction work;

[0053] S2. After processing and analyzing the acoustic emission signal, the data processing module extracts the frequency characteristics of the acoustic emission signal and compares it with the pre-stored landslide acoustic signal characteristic data. When the similarity between the two is not less than a set similarity threshold C (e.g., the similarity threshold C can be set to 70%), it is determined to be a landslide signal;

[0054] S3. When a landslide signal is detected in step S2, the monitoring and warning center issues a first-level warning, and then continues with steps S1 and S2;

[0055] S4: When the landslide signal is detected again within the set time range, a second-level warning is issued;

[0056] When the acoustic emission sensor 1 collects geological acoustic emission signals, there is a situation where data collection is inaccurate due to external factors (such as external noise, electromagnetic interference, etc.). By setting the secondary warning condition in step S4, a more timely warning reminder is given to the staff;

[0057] S5. In step S3, when the pressure sensor 5 detects a significant change in pressure data, the signal acquisition and storage module sends the pressure data to the monitoring and early warning center. At this time, the monitoring and early warning center issues a third-level early warning. At the same time, the cracking unit is started to open the cracking box 7. As the landslide moves, the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3 will be dispersed inside the landslide.

[0058] Since the sensor hardware group is buried in the geology, when a landslide occurs, the landslide body slides downward under the action of gravity, and its interior will inevitably crack and disperse, showing a certain degree of disintegration. When it slides downward, the sensor hardware group will move downward with the landslide body. At the same time, due to the disintegration of the landslide body, the following effects can be easily achieved: Figure 7 As shown, the sensing hardware group and the pad are separated, so that the dispersed landslide body enters the single mask 4 during the sliding process, squeezing the flexible sleeve 6. After the flexible sleeve 6 is deformed, the force is transmitted to the sensing end of the pressure sensor 5, causing the monitoring data of the pressure sensor 5 to change significantly. Therefore, the data change of the pressure sensor 5 can effectively determine whether there is a landslide to a certain extent, and issue a third-level warning in time.

[0059] Moreover, when the pressure sensor 5 detects a change in pressure data, the cracking box 7 is controlled to open. In this way, as the landslide slides, affected by the forces of geological sliding, cracking, dispersion, etc., the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3 are difficult to maintain synchronous sliding in the same direction, and the two will gradually be located at different positions inside the landslide. In this way, in the later processing of the landslide, the probability of obtaining backup data can be improved. The principle is as follows: In actual conditions, an excavator is generally used to clear the landslide. The landslide generally involves a large area, while the volume occupied by the sensor equipment inside it is small, resulting in difficulty in finding and obtaining the sensor equipment during the process of clearing the landslide, and the excavator is also prone to damage the sensor equipment during operation. Therefore, in this application, through the dual backup of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the external memory 2 and the disassembly operation during the landslide, the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3 are dispersed, that is, the dispersion of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the external memory 2 is achieved. When one of the two is found and is not damaged, the acoustic signal data before and during the landslide can be obtained, thereby improving the probability of obtaining backup data and providing actual data support for future landslide disaster prediction work.

[0060] Combine Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a plurality of docking plates 72 are fixedly connected to the side end of one half box 71, and a plurality of docking grooves 7101 are opened at the side end of the other half box 71. When a pair of half boxes 71 cooperate with each other to be mounted on the outer ends of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3, the plurality of docking plates 72 are respectively inserted into the interior of the plurality of docking grooves 7101. On the basis of the magnetic attraction of the electromagnet 301, the stability of the pair of half boxes 71 is further improved. The disassembly method of the cracking box 7 in step S5 is as follows: the cracking unit is started, and the direction of the current flowing through the electromagnet 301 is changed, that is, the direction of the magnetic field of the electromagnet 301 is changed, so that the electromagnet 301 generates a magnetic repulsion force on the magnet 73, thereby moving the pair of half boxes 71 away from each other, and the docking plates 72 are removed from the docking grooves 7101, exposing the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3 to the landslide body, thereby facilitating the dispersion of the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3.

[0061] Second implementation method:

[0062] This embodiment is based on the first embodiment and makes the following specific settings on the structure of the protective box 3: Figure 8 and Figure 9 The protective box 3 includes an outer box 31 and an inner box 32. The inner box 32 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the outer box 31, and an air cavity is formed between the two. The external memory 2 and the controller are fixedly connected to the inside of the inner box 32. The inner box 32 is also fixedly connected to a gas generating device 33. The gas generating device 33 is fixedly connected to an air guide pipe 34. The air guide pipe 34 is fixedly passed through the inner box 32 and communicated with the air cavity. Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the side end of the outer box 31 is fixedly connected to a plurality of evenly distributed pipes 37. The end of the pipe 37 away from the outer box 31 is threadedly connected to the extension line 8, and the extension line 8 is connected to the air cavity through the pipe 37. The extension line 8 and the pipe 37 are detachably connected to facilitate the separate storage and transportation of the protective box 3 and the extension line 8. The signal acquisition and storage module also includes a gas generating unit. The gas generating device 33 is connected to the gas generating unit. The gas generating unit 33 can be configured according to the existing airbag device on the car (including a gas generator, an igniter, etc., which is the prior art). The gas generating unit is used to activate the gas generating device 33 to generate a large amount of gas.

[0063] like Figure 11As shown, through the arrangement of the above structure, in step S5, after the cracking unit is started, the time T is delayed, and the gas generating unit is started again, so that the gas generating device 33 generates gas and releases the gas into the air cavity through the gas guide pipe 34, and then the gas is dispersed into the multiple extension lines 8, so that the extension lines 8 are inflated and gradually extend in the direction away from the protective box 3, so that the extension lines 8 are distributed in the landslide body. Combined with the force generated by the landslide body's own cracking and dispersion process on the extension lines 8, the distribution range of the extension lines 8 and the protective box 3 in the landslide body is effectively increased. In the later stage of clearing the landslide body, it is convenient to search for the protective box 3. After checking the existence of the extension line 8, the protective box 3 can be obtained along the extension line 8, thereby increasing the probability of successfully finding the external memory 2. Supplementary explanation: In this embodiment, T can be set to 3-8 seconds. Specifically, those skilled in the art can set it according to the actual geological conditions. For example, when the geological condition is high, the duration of the landslide may be longer, and T can also be appropriately extended. For example, setting it to 6 seconds can give the half box 71 enough time to separate from the acoustic emission sensor 1 and the protective box 3.

[0064] See also Figure 12 、 Figure 13 and Figure 14 The extension line 8 includes a joint 81, an inflatable rope 82 and an end 83. The inflatable rope 82 is fixedly connected between the joint 81 and the end 83. The inflatable rope 82 includes an outer soft cover 8201 and a rope core 8202. The rope core 8202 is located inside the outer soft cover 8201, and an inflatable space is formed between the two. The joint 81 is connected to the inflatable space, and the gas enters between the outer soft cover 8201 and the rope core 8202 through the connecting pipe 37. The outer soft cover 8201 is inflated and stretched to a linear state, which is convenient for pushing the end 83 to move far away. The outer soft cover 8201 is made of the same material as the existing airbag. It is made of high-quality material and has the characteristics of high tensile strength and good anti-cracking performance. The rope core 8202 is made of steel wire rope, which has the characteristics of flexibility and high strength. Even if the outer soft cover 8201 is broken due to excessive squeezing or friction of the landslide, the rope core 8202 is not easy to break, so that the extension line 8 can play an effective role and assist in the search for the protective box 3. Supplementary explanation: After the outer soft cover 8201 is broken, the extension line 8 cannot be stretched under the action of gas, and can only rely on the dispersion effect of the landslide itself to drive the extension line 8 and increase the distribution range of the extension line 8.

[0065] The third implementation method:

[0066] This embodiment further sets the structure of the protective box 3 on the basis of the second embodiment: Figure 8 and Figure 11 As shown, a piston plate 35 is slidably connected to the interior of the outer box 31 , and the piston plate 35 is located on the upper side of the inner box 32 . A compression spring 36 is fixedly connected between the upper end of the piston plate 35 and the inner top surface of the outer box 31 .

[0067] The air cavity space is divided into two parts by the piston plate 35, one is the lower space composed of the lower end of the piston plate 35, the outer box 31 and the inner box 32, and the other is the upper space composed of the upper end of the piston plate 35 and the outer box 31. In actual conditions, when the gas generating device 33 is started to generate gas and release it into the lower space, during the inflation and extension process of the extension line 8, it is easy to be blocked by the surrounding landslide bodies, making it difficult for the extension line 8 to fully extend in a short time. Therefore, this embodiment provides additional space for the storage of gas by setting the piston plate 35 and the compression spring 36. When the extension line 8 is difficult to fully extend and causes When the air pressure in the air cavity increases, the piston plate 35 will be forced to move upward, squeezing the compression spring 36 and increasing the range of the lower space. Later, as the landslide moves, the dispersion of the landslide gradually increases, and a larger space gap is generated inside it. The elastic force of the compression spring 36 will again press the gas into the extension line 8, causing the extension line 8 to continue to stretch, thereby increasing the distribution range of the extension line 8 in the landslide. Supplementary explanation: In order to facilitate the smooth movement of the piston plate 35, a plurality of tiny air holes (not shown in the figure) are opened at the upper end of the outer box 31 to maintain the air pressure balance between the upper space and the outside world.

[0068] In view of current actual needs, the protection scope of the above-mentioned implementation mode adopted in this application is not limited to this. Various changes made within the knowledge scope of technical personnel in this field without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals, characterized by: The system comprises a monitoring and early warning center and a sensor matrix formed by a plurality of sensor hardware groups. The monitoring and early warning center comprises a data receiving module, a data processing module, a signal feature library and an early warning module. The signal feature library stores acoustic signal feature data when a landslide occurs as a precursor. The sensing hardware group includes an acoustic emission sensor (1) and a protective box (3), the interior of the protective box (3) is fixedly connected to an external memory (2) and a controller, the controller is equipped with a signal acquisition and storage module, and the signal acquisition and storage module includes an acquisition unit, a bidirectional storage unit, a state sensing unit, and a cracking unit; The outer ends of the acoustic emission sensor (1) and the protective box (3) are sleeved with the same cracking box (7); the lower end of the protective box (3) is fixedly connected to a single mask (4) extending to the outside of the cracking box (7); the inner top surface of the single mask (4) is fixedly connected to a pressure sensor (5); The protective box (3) comprises an outer box (31) and an inner box (32), the inner box (32) being fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the outer box (31), and an air cavity being formed between the two, the inner box (32) being fixedly connected to a gas generating device (33), the gas generating device (33) being fixedly connected to an air guide pipe (34), the air guide pipe (34) being fixedly passed through the inner box (32) and being in communication with the air cavity, the side end of the outer box (31) being fixedly connected to a plurality of evenly distributed connecting pipes (37), the connecting pipes (37) being threadedly connected to an extension line (8) at one end away from the outer box (31); The method for using the above-mentioned landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals includes the following steps: S1, obtaining the acoustic emission signal of the geological object to be monitored in real time through the signal acquisition and storage module, and sending the acoustic emission signal to the monitoring and early warning center and the external storage device (2); S2, after the data processing module processes and analyzes the acoustic emission signal, it extracts the frequency characteristics of the acoustic emission signal and compares it with the pre-stored landslide acoustic signal characteristic data. When the similarity between the two is not less than the set similarity threshold C, it is determined to be a landslide signal; S3. When a landslide signal is detected in step S2, the monitoring and warning center issues a first-level warning, and then continues with steps S1 and S2; S4: When the landslide signal is detected again within the set time range, a second-level warning is issued; S5. In step S3, when the pressure sensor (5) detects a significant change in pressure data, the signal acquisition and storage module sends the pressure data to the monitoring and early warning center. At this time, the monitoring and early warning center issues a third-level early warning. At the same time, the cracking unit is started to open the cracking box (7). As the landslide moves, the acoustic emission sensor (1) and the protective box (3) are dispersed inside the landslide.

2. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cracking box (7) comprises a pair of half-boxes (71), a pair of side ends of the protective box (3) are fixedly connected to electromagnets (301), and the inner walls of the half-boxes (71) are fixedly connected to magnets (73), a plurality of docking plates (72) are fixedly connected to the side ends of one of the half-boxes (71), and a plurality of docking grooves (7101) are opened at the side end of the other half-box (71), and the plurality of docking plates (72) are respectively inserted into the interior of the plurality of docking grooves (7101).

3. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The external memory (2) and the controller are both fixedly connected to the interior of the inner box (32), the acoustic emission sensor (1) is connected to the acquisition unit, the external memory (2) and the data receiving module are both connected to the bidirectional storage unit, the pressure sensor (5) is connected to the state sensing unit, and the electromagnet (301) is connected to the cracking unit.

4. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The signal acquisition and storage module further comprises a gas generation unit, and the gas generation device (33) is connected to the gas generation unit.

5. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A flexible sleeve (6) is fixedly connected to the inner top surface of the single mask (4); the flexible sleeve (6) is made of an anti-corrosion rubber material and is arranged on the outside of the pressure sensor (5).

6. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The extension line (8) is connected to the air cavity through the connecting pipe (37). The extension line (8) includes a joint (81), an inflatable rope (82) and an end (83). The inflatable rope (82) is fixedly connected between the joint (81) and the end (83). The inflatable rope (82) includes an outer soft cover (8201) and a rope core (8202). The rope core (8202) is located inside the outer soft cover (8201), and an inflatable space is formed between the two. The joint (81) is connected to the inflatable space.

7. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 1, characterized in that: A piston plate (35) is slidably connected to the interior of the outer box (31), and the piston plate (35) is located on the upper side of the inner box (32). A compression spring (36) is fixedly connected between the upper end of the piston plate (35) and the inner top surface of the outer box (31).

8. The landslide disaster monitoring system based on acoustic emission signals according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In step S5, after the cracking unit is started, a time delay of T is applied, and then the gas generating unit is started again, so that the gas generating device (33) generates gas and releases the gas into the gas cavity through the gas guide pipe (34). The gas is then dispersed into the plurality of extension lines (8), so that the extension lines (8) are stretched, and the extension lines (8) are caused to spread out and distribute in the landslide body.

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