Reflection type polarization regulator with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics

Abstract

The invention discloses a reflective polarization regulator with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication, the regulator comprises a polarization regulator body, the polarization regulator body is formed by periodically arranging unit structures, the polarization regulator comprises a top metal pattern, a middle dielectric substrate and a bottom metal reflecting plate. The top metal pattern is composed of a U-shaped short branch knot and a cross-shaped metal pattern. And the top layer metal pattern is connected with the bottom layer metal reflecting plate through the middle dielectric substrate. By adopting the design of the U-shaped short branch cross-shaped metal pattern loaded at the tail end, multiple resonance can be excited, broadband and efficient line-line and dual-band line-circular polarization regulation and control functions are realized, and the structure is simple, easy to process and integrate and low in manufacturing cost, and has relatively high anti-interference capability in a wide frequency range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and particularly to a reflective polarization regulator with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics. Background Art

[0002] In wireless communication systems, linearly polarized waves play a crucial role. Facing a complex communication environment, signals are often interfered by multiple interference sources, which reduces the communication quality. As a core component of the system, the polarization regulator mainly functions to convert the polarization state of linearly polarized waves. Through this conversion, the polarization regulator can improve the anti-interference ability of signals during transmission, thereby enhancing the overall robustness of the wireless communication system. They not only improve the efficiency and stability of signal transmission but also ensure the reliability of the communication link under changing communication conditions. Using a polarization regulator, linearly polarized waves can be efficiently converted into orthogonal polarization or circular polarization states, and this conversion is crucial for multi-path transmission and anti-interference ability in wireless communication systems. In addition, the use of linearly polarized waves helps to optimize spectrum resources and increase the total capacity of the communication system. Therefore, researching and developing polarization regulators with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics is of profound significance for the progress and application of wireless communication technologies.

[0003] Currently, when designing polarization regulators, the following problems are mainly faced. First, traditional linearly polarized regulators often have a complex structure, which not only increases the manufacturing cost but also limits their application in miniaturized devices. Second, the existing polarization regulator designs have insufficient anti-interference ability when dealing with complex electromagnetic environments, easily leading to a decline in signal quality. Finally, factors such as material selection and processing accuracy in the design and manufacturing process also have a significant impact on the performance of the polarization rotator, further increasing the difficulty of optimal design. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new design scheme to solve the problems existing in the existing polarization regulators and promote the continuous development of wireless communication technologies.

[0004] Based on this, a reflective polarization regulator with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics is now provided, which can eliminate the drawbacks of existing devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a reflective polarization regulator with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics to solve the problems of the modern products in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A reflective polarization regulator with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics, including a polarization regulator body, which is composed of unit structures arranged periodically. The polarization regulator includes a top metal pattern, an intermediate dielectric substrate, and a bottom metal reflector. The top metal pattern is composed of U-shaped short branches and a cross-shaped metal pattern;

[0008] The top metal pattern is connected to the bottom metal reflector through the intermediate dielectric substrate.

[0009] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following alternative technical solutions:

[0010] In an alternative solution: the top metal pattern and the bottom metal reflector are made of copper foil with an etching thickness between 0.01 - 0.03 mm.

[0011] In an alternative solution: the overall size of the intermediate dielectric substrate is between 3.5×3.5×1.2 mm 3 - 3.5×3.5×1.2 mm 3 。

[0012] In an alternative solution: the length and width of the end-loaded U-shaped short branches are 1.95 mm and 0.22 mm respectively.

[0013] Using a single-layer dielectric substrate with a thickness of only 1.2 mm as the support material has a low-profile characteristic and is convenient for system integration.

[0014] In an alternative solution: the size of the cross-shaped metal pattern along the main diagonal is 2.3 mm×0.47 mm, and the size along the secondary diagonal is 1.1 mm×0.36 mm.

[0015] In an alternative solution: the bottom metal reflector adopts a full-surface metal structure.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] By adopting the design of end-loaded U-shaped short branches and cross-shaped metal patterns, the present invention can stimulate multiple resonances, realize broadband, high-efficiency line-line and dual-band line-circular polarization regulation functions. This structure is not only simple in structure, easy to process and integrate, with low manufacturing cost, but also has high anti-interference ability in a wide frequency range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 is a top view of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3Side view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of the reflective polarization modulator of the present invention under the incidence of x-polarized waves.

[0022] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the polarization conversion efficiency PCR and energy conversion ratio ECR results of the reflective polarization modulator of the present invention under the incidence of x-polarized waves.

[0023] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the axial ratio result of the reflective polarization modulator of the present invention under the incidence of x-polarized waves.

[0024] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structural evolution of the unit of the reflective polarization modulator of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 First schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of each part of the unit structure of the reflective polarization modulator of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 Second schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of each part of the unit structure of the reflective polarization modulator of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 Electric field decomposition diagram of the reflective polarization rotator of the present invention in the u-v direction.

[0028] Figure 11 First schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of the reflective polarization modulator of the present invention in the u-v direction.

[0029] Figure 12 Second schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient of the reflective polarization modulator of the present invention in the u-v direction.

[0030] Figure 13 Performance data diagram of the oblique incidence of the reflective polarization modulator of the present invention.

[0031] Annotation of reference numerals: 1 Top metal pattern, 2 Intermediate dielectric substrate, 3 Bottom metal reflector, 4 U-shaped stub, 5 Cross-shaped metal pattern. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] In one embodiment, as Figures 1-13As shown in the figure, a reflective polarization regulator with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics includes a polarization regulator body, which is composed of unit structures arranged periodically. The polarization regulator includes a top metal pattern 1, an intermediate dielectric substrate 2, and a bottom metal reflector 3. The top metal pattern 1 is composed of a U-shaped short stub 4 and a cross-shaped metal pattern 5;

[0034] The top metal pattern 1 and the bottom metal reflector 3 are connected through the intermediate dielectric substrate 2.

[0035] By using end-loaded U-shaped short stubs and cross-shaped metal patterns, multiple resonances can be excited while achieving structural miniaturization and efficient, broadband polarization regulation functions.

[0036] In one embodiment, the top metal pattern 1 and the bottom metal reflector 3 are made of copper foil with an etching thickness ranging from 0.01 to 0.03 mm.

[0037] In one embodiment, the overall size of the intermediate dielectric substrate 2 ranges from 3.5×3.5×1.2 mm 3 - 3.5×3.5×1.2 mm 3 .

[0038] In one embodiment, the intermediate dielectric substrate 2 is made of any material with a relative permittivity of 2.2 - 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.001 - 0.002.

[0039] In one embodiment, the cross-shaped metal pattern 5 has a main diagonal size of 2.3 mm×0.47 mm and a secondary diagonal size of 1.1 mm×0.36 mm. The length and width of the end-loaded U-shaped short stub 4 are 1.95 mm and 0.22 mm respectively.

[0040] In one embodiment, the bottom metal reflector 3 adopts a full-metal structure.

[0041] The above embodiment discloses a reflective polarization regulator with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics. Its specific working principle and process are as follows:

[0042] As Figure 1 , 2 shown, the reflective polarization regulator of the present invention is formed by arranging unit structures periodically in the xoy plane, and successively includes a top metal pattern 1, an intermediate dielectric substrate 2, and a bottom metal reflector 3 from top to bottom. Among them, the top metal pattern 1 is composed of an end-loaded U-shaped short stub 4 and a cross-shaped metal pattern 5.

[0043] Principle of linear polarization regulation: When electromagnetic waves are incident on the polarization rotator at a specific angle, at the interface between the top layer structure and the intermediate dielectric substrate 2, the electromagnetic waves will be divided into two directions for propagation. One part of the electromagnetic waves is reflected by the top layer structure and enters the air layer to form a reflected wave; the other part passes through the top layer structure, enters the intermediate dielectric layer for propagation, and reaches the bottom layer of the structure. Under the action of the bottom metal reflector 3, the electromagnetic waves are reflected back into the dielectric layer again and are re-incident on the top layer of the structure by the dielectric layer, forming a cycle. This process excites multiple resonance modes. The combined action of these resonance modes causes the polarization direction of the incident wave to change, thus realizing the conversion from a linearly polarized incident wave in the x (or y) direction to a linearly polarized reflected wave in the y (or x) direction.

[0044] As Figure 4 shown, in the frequency band of 18.94 - 51.03 GHz, the co-polarization reflection coefficient r xx is less than -10 dB, and the cross-polarization reflection coefficient r yx is greater than -1 dB. At 19.7 GHz, 25.8 GHz, 37.7 GHz, and 49.1 GHz, the co-polarization reflection coefficient is below -35 dB, and the cross-polarization reflection coefficient is close to 0 dB.

[0045] According to the calculation formula of the polarization conversion ratio (PCR):

[0046]

[0047] As Figure 5 shown, in the frequency range of 18.94 - 51.03 GHz, the polarization conversion efficiency PCR exceeds 0.9, and the relative bandwidth reaches 91.73%. In addition, at the four resonance points of 19.7 GHz, 25.8 GHz, 37.7 GHz, and 49.10 GHz, the value of the polarization conversion efficiency PCR is close to 1. The simulation results show that the designed structure can achieve efficient and broadband conversion from x-polarized incident waves to y-polarized reflected waves, and at the resonance points, it can achieve almost complete conversion from x-polarized incident waves to y-polarized reflected waves.

[0048] To evaluate the circular polarization regulation ability of the designed structure, the axial ratio (AR) is defined as:

[0049]

[0050] As Figure 6As shown, in the frequency range of 18.94 - 51.03 GHz, the axial ratio AR exceeds 3 dB, and at four resonance points, its value exceeds 35 dB. In addition, in the frequency ranges of 17.58 - 18.35 GHz and 52.58 - 54.85 GHz, the axial ratio AR is less than 3 dB. The above results indicate that the polarization converter has efficient and broadband linear - linear and linear - circular polarization regulation capabilities. Due to the structural symmetry, similar conclusions can be obtained for y - polarized incident waves.

[0051] Considering the dielectric loss and ohmic loss during the polarization regulation process, the energy conversion ratio (ECR) is defined as:

[0052] ECR = |r xj | 2 +|r yj | 2 (j = x,y)

[0053] As Figure 5 shown, in the linear - linear and linear - circular polarization regulation frequency bands, the energy conversion ratio ECR remains above 0.97, indicating that nearly 97% of the incident wave energy is used to achieve the two polarization regulations. This shows that the polarization rotator has good low - loss characteristics.

[0054] As Figure 7 、 8 、9 shown, by means of the function of the U - shaped stub, the designed structure successfully realizes the two polarization regulation functions of linear - linear and linear - circular. By introducing the cross - shaped metal pattern, the number of resonance points in the frequency band increases from 2 to 4, thus more effectively meeting the conditions for linear - linear polarization conversion.

[0055] As Figure 10 shown, when the x - polarized wave incident perpendicularly along the - z direction is decomposed into the electric field components along the u and v directions, the reflected wave can be expressed as

[0056]

[0057] When and , the phase difference the reflected electric field will be along the positive direction of the y - axis; when and , the phase difference the reflected electric field will be along the negative direction of the y - axis. It should be noted in particular that when the phase difference or , the reflected wave exhibits an elliptically polarized wave, and when the phase difference When this occurs, the reflected wave exhibits an ideal circularly polarized wave. Therefore, whether the polarization state of the incident wave changes after passing through the polarization controller depends on the regulation of the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficients in the u and v directions of the reflected wave.

[0058] As Figure 11 , 12 shown, within the entire frequency band, the amplitudes of the reflection coefficients r uu and r vv are approximately equal and close to 1. In the frequency range of 18.94 - 51.03 GHz, the phase difference of the reflection coefficients is approximately equal to ±π, meeting the condition for the polarization rotation of a linearly polarized incident wave. In the frequency ranges of 17.58 - 18.35 GHz and 52.58 - 54.85 GHz, the phase difference of the reflection coefficients is approximately equal to ±270°, meeting the condition for a linearly polarized wave to become a circularly polarized wave. These results reveal the physical mechanisms of linear - linear and linear - circular polarization conversion.

[0059] As Figure 13 shown, when the incident angle θ increases from 0° to 45°, the available operating bandwidth for linear - linear polarization regulation decreases, but within the frequency ranges of 19.18 - 20.19 GHz, 26.01 - 30.93 GHz, and 48.8 - 49.77 GHz, the polarization conversion efficiency PCR always remains above 0.9.

[0060] Analysis of the simulation results shows that: when an x - polarized wave is incident, within the frequency range of 18.94 - 51.03 GHz, this polarization controller can achieve an efficient and broadband linear polarization rotation effect, and in the three frequency bands of 19.18 - 20.19 GHz, 26.01 - 30.93 GHz, and 48.8 - 49.77 GHz, the angular stability is as high as 45°. In addition, within the frequency ranges of 17.58 - 18.35 GHz and 52.58 - 54.85 GHz, this polarization controller can achieve a dual - band linear - circular polarization regulation function. Due to the symmetric characteristics of the designed structure, similar conclusions can be obtained for the incident y - polarized wave. In summary, a reflective polarization controller with multi - band and multi - polarization characteristics has potential application value in polarization control devices, stealth surfaces, antennas, etc.

[0061] As described above, this is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A reflective polarization controller with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics, characterized in that: The invention comprises a polarization controller body, wherein the polarization controller body is composed of a periodically arranged unit structure, the polarization controller comprises a top metal pattern (1), an intermediate dielectric substrate (2), and a bottom metal reflector (3), wherein the top metal pattern (1) is composed of a U-shaped short branch (4) and a cross-shaped metal pattern (5); The top metal pattern (1) is connected to the bottom metal reflector (3) via an intermediate dielectric substrate (2).

2. The reflective polarization controller with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top metal pattern (1) and the bottom metal reflector (3) are made of copper foil with an etching thickness of 0.01-0.03 mm.

3. The reflective polarization controller with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overall size of the intermediate dielectric substrate (2) is between 3.5×3.5×1.2 mm 3 -3.5×3.5×1.2mm 3 .

4. The reflective polarization controller with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length and width of the end-loaded U-shaped short branch (4) are 1.95 mm and 0.22 mm respectively.

5. The reflective polarization controller with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-shaped metal pattern (5) has a size of 2.3 mm×0.47 mm along the main diagonal line and a size of 1.1 mm×0.36 mm along the secondary diagonal line.

6. The reflective polarization controller with multi-band and multi-polarization characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom metal reflector plate (3) adopts a whole-surface metal structure.

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