Self-propelled corn harvester

Abstract

The invention provides a self-propelled corn harvester. The self-propelled corn harvester comprises an ear picking header, a lifting system, a peeling machine, a granary, a field returning mechanism, a rack, a driving axle, a steering axle, a hydraulic driving system, a transmission system, a driving control system, a power system, an electric appliance system and a protection system. An automatic seedling pulling chain tensioning mechanism is arranged, a long header front protective cover is adopted to achieve the seedling lifting effect on lodging plants, and the harvesting efficiency and capacity are improved. The driving control system is integrated with a glass water spraying mechanism, the front windshield can be quickly cleaned, it is ensured that the operation sight is clear, and man-machine interaction is improved. An existing grain bin arranged at the bottom of a husking machine in the market is very small in volume, a corn machine needs to be shut down frequently to clean grains, and the harvesting efficiency is low. In order to improve the harvesting efficiency, a large outer grain bin is arranged on the outer side of the peeling machine, and the number of times of cleaning the grain bin can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a self-propelled corn harvester. Background Art

[0002] At present, the mechanized harvesting of corn crops has been gradually popularized. In the Northeast and Northwest regions, due to diverse planting patterns and harsh climates, there are many lodging plants. Among the existing self-propelled corn harvesters in China, the unfavorable factors for corn mechanized harvesting are as follows: 1) The planting row spacing is diverse, making it difficult for the harvester to align with the rows and resulting in a high loss rate. 2) There are many engineering defects in the operation of the operator controlling the robot machine, and the operation is inconvenient. 3) The storage and transportation of the grains generated during the peeling process are restricted by the transportation tools, leading to low efficiency. 4) Since the nutrient levels of the cultivated soil in China are uneven and the farming is family-based with small single-piece land areas, the existing harvesters have a compact structure, high turnover frequency of the grain bins, and low harvesting efficiency.

[0003] In the market, the existing grain bin is set at the bottom of the peeling machine with a very small volume. The corn machine needs to frequently stop to clean the grains, resulting in low harvesting efficiency.

[0004] In recent years, with the increasing support of the country for agriculture, the demand of the vast number of farmers for more reasonably designed and more efficient machines has become more urgent. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical measures: A self-propelled corn harvester, comprising a ear picking header, a elevating system, a peeling machine, a grain bin, a stubble returning mechanism, a frame, a driving axle, a steering axle, a hydraulic drive system, a transmission system, a driving and operating system, a power system, an electrical system, and a protection system; The ear picking header adopts an ear picking plate structure, and includes a reel chain, ear picking plates, pulling rollers, and a reel chain automatic tensioning mechanism; The peeling machine is provided with an outer grain bin, and is connected to a bottom grain bin through a grain conveying mechanism; The grain bin includes a grain bin main body, a fixed frame, an extended slide plate, an oil cylinder, a movable baffle, and an extended slide plate; the extended slide plate is above the grain bin main body, and the movable baffle is arranged on the side of the grain bin main body for interfering with the accumulation of ears and improving the utilization rate of the grain bin volume.

[0006] As a preferred solution: The length of the front guard of the ear picking header is set to meet the ear lifting requirements of lodging plants, and the reel chain is automatically tensioned through a tensioning mechanism.

[0007] As a preferred solution: The driving and operating system includes a driving platform, a steering gear, and a glass water spraying mechanism. The glass water spraying mechanism is integrated in the middle of the steering gear or the operating block for improving the operation sight line.

[0008] As a preferred solution: The elevating system is configured with an upper blower and a lower blower. The lower blower drives the upper blower and the elevating main body through belt or chain drive, and is connected to the stalk processing mechanism.

[0009] As a preferred solution: The returning-to-field mechanism is arranged below the frame, between the drive axle and the steering axle, and the drive axle and the steering axle are connected by a front drive shaft, a connecting device and a rear drive shaft to achieve four-wheel drive power transmission.

[0010] As a preferred solution: The extension slide plate of the grain bin is arranged above the grain bin main body.

[0011] As a preferred solution: The volume of the outer grain bin of the peeling machine is larger than that of the bottom grain bin, and the grain conveying mechanism adopts a screw conveyor or a scraper conveyor device.

[0012] As a preferred solution: The protection system is arranged on both sides of the frame, covers the transmission components and hydraulic pipelines, and adopts a detachable guard plate structure.

[0013] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: 1. High-efficiency ear picking and improved adaptability: In Northeast and Northwest China, due to diverse planting and harsh climates, there are many lodged plants. This mechanism adopts an ear picking plate structure, is provided with an automatic tensioning mechanism for the reel chain, and uses a longer front shield of the cutting table to complete the function of lifting the lodged plants, improving the harvesting efficiency and capacity.

[0014] 2. Optimized operation sight: The driving control system integrates a glass water spraying mechanism, which can quickly clean the front windshield, ensure clear operation sight, and improve the human-machine interaction.

[0015] 3. Enhanced grain storage capacity: The existing grain bins on the market are set at the bottom of the peeling machine with a very small volume. The corn harvester needs to frequently stop to clean the grain bins, resulting in low harvesting efficiency. To solve the problem of improving the harvesting efficiency, a larger outer grain bin is set outside the peeling machine, which can reduce the number of times of cleaning the grain bins.

[0016] 4. Improved utilization rate of the grain bin volume: Affected by the planting mode, the corn harvester is relatively compact to adapt to this mode, and it is limited to expand the volume of the grain bin. The natural throwing and piling of the ears of corn result in a small utilization rate of the grain bin, which will inevitably increase the number of times of unloading grain, reduce the single harvesting time, and lower the efficiency. Adding a conveying mechanism to the grain bin interferes with the process of ear piling, increases the utilization rate of the grain bin volume, effectively extends the single harvesting time, and improves the harvesting efficiency.

[0017] 5. Stability of power transmission: The drive axle and the steering axle are connected by the rear drive shaft and the front drive shaft, supporting the four-wheel drive mode to ensure stable power output under complex terrains.

[0018] 6. Upgrade of the protection system: Detachable guards are provided on both sides of the frame to cover key transmission components and hydraulic pipelines, reducing the failure rate and facilitating maintenance.

[0019] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Description of the drawings

[0020] Att Figure 1 is a schematic side structure diagram of the whole machine of the present invention.

[0021] Att Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the front drive shaft, connecting device, rear drive shaft, gearbox and related structures of the present invention.

[0022] Att Figure 3 is a three-dimensional view of the ear picker header of the present invention.

[0023] Att Figure 4 is a top view of the ear picker header of the present invention.

[0024] Att Figure 5 is a three-dimensional view of the elevating system of the present invention.

[0025] Att Figure 6 is a three-dimensional view of the peeling machine of the present invention.

[0026] Att Figure 7 is a three-dimensional view of the grain bin of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0027] Example: As shown in Att Figure 1 to Att Figure 7 shown, a self-propelled corn harvester includes an ear picker header 1, an elevating system 2, a peeling machine 3, a grain bin 4, a stubble returning mechanism 5, a frame 6, a drive axle 7, a steering axle 8, a hydraulic drive system 9, a transmission system 10, a driving and operating system 11, a power system 12, an electrical system 13 and a protection system 14.

[0028] The ear picker header 1 adopts an ear picking plate structure, including a reel 1.5, ear picking plates 1.6, stalk pulling rollers 1.7 and a reel automatic tensioning mechanism 1.8; the ear picker header 1 adopts an ear picking plate structure, and the elevating system 2 is configured with a blower.

[0029] The shelling machine 3 includes a shelling mechanism 3.1, a kernel bottom bin 3.2, a kernel conveying mechanism 3.3, and a kernel outer bin 3.4. The kernel bottom bin 3.2 and the kernel outer bin 3.4 are connected through the kernel conveying mechanism 3.3. The kernel outer bin 3.4 is arranged on one side of the shelling mechanism 3.1. In the market, the kernel bin existing at the bottom of the shelling machine has a very small volume, and the corn harvester needs to frequently stop to clean the kernels, resulting in low harvesting efficiency. To solve the problem of improving the harvesting efficiency, a relatively large kernel outer bin is arranged outside the shelling machine, which can reduce the frequency of cleaning the kernel bin.

[0030] The grain bin 4 includes a grain bin main body 4.1, a fixed frame 4.2, an extension slide plate 4.3, an oil cylinder 4.4, a movable baffle 4.5, and an extension slide plate 4.6. The extension slide plate 4.6 is above the grain bin main body 4.1, and the movable baffle 4.5 is arranged on the side of the grain bin main body 4.1 to interfere with the accumulation of ears and improve the utilization rate of the grain bin volume.

[0031] The length of the front guard 1.2 of the ear picking header 1 is set to meet the need of the lifting device for lodging plants, and the reel 1.5 is automatically tensioned through the tensioning mechanism 1.8.

[0032] The driving control system 11 includes a driving platform 11.1, a steering gear 11.3, and a glass water spraying mechanism 11.6. The glass water spraying mechanism 11.6 is integrated in the middle of the steering gear 11.3 or the control block 11.4 to improve the operating sight.

[0033] The elevating system 2 is equipped with an upper blower 2.2 and a lower blower 2.3. The lower blower 2.3 drives the upper blower 2.2 and the elevating main body 2.1 through belt or chain drive and is connected to the straw treatment mechanism 2.4.

[0034] The tillage mechanism 5 is arranged below the frame 6, between the drive axle 7 and the steering axle 8. The drive axle 7 and the steering axle 8 are connected by a front drive shaft 19, a connecting device 16, and a rear drive shaft 17 to achieve four-wheel drive power transmission.

[0035] The extension slide plate 4.3 of the grain bin 4 is arranged above the grain bin main body 4.1.

[0036] The volume of the kernel outer bin 3.4 of the shelling machine 3 is larger than that of the kernel bottom bin 3.2, and the kernel conveying mechanism 3.3 adopts a screw conveyor or a scraper conveyor.

[0037] The protection system 14 is arranged on both sides of the frame 6, covering the transmission components and hydraulic pipelines, and adopts a detachable guard plate structure.

[0038] The corn harvester frame 6 is set in the middle position, and the ear - picking cutter bar 1 is arranged at the front end of the frame 6; the elevating system 2 is arranged behind the ear - picking cutter bar 1 and placed obliquely upward. The peeling machine 3 is arranged below the discharge opening of the elevating system 2 and above the frame 6; the grain bin 4 is arranged at the rear of the peeling mechanism 3; the tillage mechanism 5 is arranged below the frame, between the drive axle 7 and the steering axle 8; the drive axle 7 is arranged at the front - lower position of the frame 6, and it has two ways of mechanical shifting or hydraulic + mechanical shifting; the steering axle 8 is arranged at the rear - lower position of the frame 6, and it has two ways of steering or steering + driving. When it is four - wheel drive, a front drive shaft 19, a connecting device 16, a rear drive shaft 17, and a gearbox 18 are arranged below the frame 6. The drive axle 7 is connected to the steering axle 8 through the above components to transmit power; the hydraulic drive system 9 is arranged at the lower part of the frame 6 and connected to the drive axle 7; the transmission system 10 is arranged on the frame 6; the driving and operating system 11 is arranged above the front of the frame 6; the power system 12 is arranged at the middle - upper part of the frame 6; the electrical system 13 is arranged on the frame 6; the protection system 14 is arranged on both sides of the frame 6.

[0039] Ear - picking cutter bar 1: It is provided with 6 plant channels 1.1. At the front end of the frame 1.11, there are a cutter - bar front guard 1.2, a cutter - bar rear guard 1.3, a reel 1.4, a reel chain 1.5, ear - picking plates 1.6, pulling rollers 1.7, a tensioning mechanism 1.8, and a weed - removing knife 1.9. At the rear end of the frame 1.11, there is an auger mechanism 1.10, a transmission system 1.12, and guards 1.13 are arranged on both sides of the frame 1.11; plants are combed through the cutter - bar front guard 1.2 and enter the plant channels 1.1. Inside the channels, there are a reel 1.4, a reel chain 1.5, ear - picking plates 1.6, pulling rollers 1.7, and a tensioning mechanism 1.8. The plants are forcibly pushed by the reel chain 1.5 driven by the reel 1.4 into the ear - picking mechanism composed of the ear - picking plates 1.6 and the pulling rollers 1.7. The ears of corn are conveyed to the next process through the auger mechanism 1.10; the tensioning mechanism 1.8 completes the tensioning of the reel chain 1.5; the weed - removing knife 1.9 is arranged on the side of the pulling roller 1.7.

[0040] Elevating system 2: It is provided with an elevating main body 2.1, an upper blower 2.2, a lower blower 2.3, a stalk - processing mechanism 2.4, and a waste - discharging opening 2.5; the lower blower 2.3 is driven to the upper blower 2.2 and the elevating main body 2.1 through a belt or a chain. The elevating main body 2.1 is driven to the stalk - processing mechanism 2.4 through a belt or a chain, and the stalks are discharged through the waste - discharging opening 2.5.

[0041] Peeling machine 3: It is equipped with a peeling mechanism 3.1, a kernel bottom bin 3.2, a kernel conveying mechanism 3.3, and a kernel outer bin 3.4. The kernel bottom bin 3.2 and the kernel outer bin 3.4 are connected through the kernel conveying mechanism 3.3. The kernel outer bin 3.4 is arranged on one side of the peeling mechanism 3.1. In the existing market, the kernel bin installed at the bottom of the peeling machine has a very small volume. The corn harvester needs to often stop to clean the kernels, resulting in low harvesting efficiency. To solve the problem of improving the harvesting efficiency, a relatively large kernel outer bin is arranged outside the peeling machine, which can reduce the number of times of cleaning the kernel bin.

[0042] Grain bin 4: It is equipped with a grain bin main body 4.1, a fixed frame 4.2, an extension slide plate 4.3, an oil cylinder 4.4, and a movable baffle 4.5. The grain bin main body 4.1 is arranged on the fixed frame. Under the action of the oil cylinder 4.4, it rotates around the fixed rotating shaft. The extension slide plate 4.6 is above the grain bin main body 4.1, and the movable baffle 4.5 is arranged on the side of the grain bin main body 4.1. Affected by the planting mode, for the corn harvester to adapt to this mode, the fuselage is relatively compact, and it is limited to expand the volume of the grain bin. The natural throwing and piling up of the ears of corn result in a small utilization rate of the grain bin, which inevitably increases the number of times of unloading grain, reduces the single harvesting time, and lowers the efficiency. By adding a conveying mechanism 4.2 to the grain bin, it interferes with the process of ear piling up, increases the utilization rate of the grain bin volume, effectively extends the single harvesting time, and improves the harvesting efficiency.

[0043] Driving control system 11: It is equipped with a driving platform 11.1, a driver's seat 11.2, a steering wheel 11.3, a control block 11.4, a co-pilot seat 11.5, and a glass water spraying mechanism 11.6. The glass water spraying mechanism 11.6 is in the middle of the steering wheel 11.3 or can also be located on the control block 11.4. By setting up the glass water spraying mechanism 11.6, it solves the problem of inconvenient operation caused by the blocked sight during the operation of the corn harvester and improves the degree of human-machine interaction.

Claims

1. A self-propelled corn harvester, characterized in that: It includes a ear picking header (1), a lifting system (2), a peeling machine (3), a grain bin (4), a stubble returning mechanism (5), a frame (6), a driving axle (7), a steering axle (8), a hydraulic driving system (9), a transmission system (10), a driving and operating system (11), a power system (12), an electrical system (13) and a protection system (14); The ear picking header (1) adopts an ear picking plate structure and includes a reel chain (1.5), ear picking plates (1.6), pulling rollers (1.7) and a reel chain automatic tensioning mechanism (1.8); The peeling machine (3) is provided with an outer grain bin (3.4) and is connected to a bottom grain bin (3.2) through a grain conveying mechanism (3.3); The grain bin (4) includes a grain bin main body (4.1), a fixed frame (4.2), an extended slide plate (4.3), an oil cylinder (4.4), a movable baffle (4.5) and an extended slide plate (4.6); The extended slide plate (4.6) is above the grain bin main body (4.1), and the movable baffle (4.5) is arranged on the side of the grain bin main body (4.1) to interfere with the accumulation of ears and improve the utilization rate of the grain bin volume.

2. The self-propelled corn harvester according to claim 1, wherein: The length of the front guard (1.2) of the ear picking header (1) is set to meet the ear lifting requirements of lodged plants, and the reel chain (1.5) is automatically tensioned through a tensioning mechanism (1.8).

3. The self-propelled corn harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving and operating system (11) includes a driving platform (11.1), a steering gear (11.3) and a glass water spraying mechanism (11.6). The glass water spraying mechanism (11.6) is integrated in the middle of the steering gear (11.3) or the operating block (11.4) to improve the operating sight line.

4. The self-propelled corn harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting system (2) is configured with an upper blower (2.2) and a lower blower (2.3). The lower blower (2.3) drives the upper blower (2.2) and the lifting main body (2.1) through belt or chain drive and is connected to a stalk processing mechanism (2.4).

5. A self-propelled corn harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stubble returning mechanism (5) is arranged below the frame (6) between the driving axle (7) and the steering axle (8), and the driving axle (7) and the steering axle (8) are connected through a front transmission shaft (19), a connecting device (16) and a rear transmission shaft (17) to realize four-wheel drive power transmission.

6. A self-propelled corn harvester according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The extended slide plate (4.3) of the grain bin (4) is arranged above the grain bin main body (4.1).

7. A self-propelled corn harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of the outer grain bin (3.4) of the peeling machine (3) is larger than that of the bottom grain bin (3.2), and the grain conveying mechanism (3.3) adopts a screw conveyor or a scraper conveyor device.

8. The self-propelled corn harvester according to claim 1, wherein: The protection system (14) is arranged on both sides of the frame (6) to cover the transmission components and hydraulic pipelines and adopts a detachable guard plate structure.

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