Peach orchard cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a peach orchard cultivation method which comprises the following steps: based on peach tree growth area characteristics, plot slope measurement and soil component collection are performed, and soil pH value and organic matter content comparison is performed through inclination angle reading and soil sampling record numerical values. Through comprehensive analysis of plot slope measurement and soil component collection, plot distribution parameters are generated according to regional characteristics, a more scientific planting zoning management mode is constructed, and the land utilization efficiency is improved. Dynamic detection of soil humidity, temperature and seedling root activity is introduced into planting planning, so that the suitability of a seedling growth environment is ensured, and the growth problem caused by improper plot selection is reduced. The survival rate tracking link is combined with dynamic data monitoring and survival plant number statistics, the hysteresis problem of traditional judgment depending on experience is solved, and real-time optimization of water and fertilizer supply is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of cultivation techniques, and particularly to a cultivation method for a peach orchard. Background Art

[0002] The field of cultivation techniques mainly involves the full-life cycle management methods of crops and fruit trees from planting to harvesting, including operation standards and optimization means for various links such as land selection, planting, maintenance, pest and disease control, irrigation and fertilization regulation, pruning techniques, picking and processing, etc. This field comprehensively applies multidisciplinary knowledge such as soil science, plant physiology, agricultural engineering, and environmental science, aiming to improve the growth environment of plants, increase crop yield and quality, while taking into account ecological protection and efficient utilization of resources. However, in the prior art, only relying on the empirical evaluation of the plot ignores influencing factors such as slope, soil humidity, and temperature, resulting in a relatively prominent problem of unreasonable land zoning. The traditional planting plan does not fully consider the correlation between the root vitality of seedlings and soil conditions, which easily leads to uneven growth of seedlings after planting or even a decrease in local survival rate. Therefore, improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies existing in the prior art and propose a cultivation method for a peach orchard.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution. A cultivation method for a peach orchard includes the following steps: Based on the characteristics of the peach tree growth area, measure the plot slope and collect soil components. Through the inclination angle readings and soil sampling record values, compare the soil pH value and organic matter content, record the differences through pH indicators, compare the hydrothermal conditions in combination with climate records, and make a reference comparison of the planting density according to the requirements of the peach tree planting plan to generate plot allocation parameters; Based on the plot allocation parameters, divide the planting area of peach tree seedlings and verify the growth substrate of the seedlings. Mark the planting range by means of line marking, detect the soil humidity and collect temperature records. Obtain the values through a moisture sensor and a thermometer, test the root vitality of the seedlings and monitor the plant height, and carry out fixed-point marking of the plants to generate a planting plan for peach tree seedlings; Based on the planting plan for peach tree seedlings, track the survival rate of the seedlings. Compare the fertility by regularly monitoring the number of surviving plants, check the water source delivery pipeline and record the irrigation frequency statistics. Check the valve smoothness and record the watering frequency through a meter, carry out the confirmation of the fertilizer type ratio and topdressing timing, and evaluate the surface salt content to generate the water and fertilizer regulation information of the seedlings.

[0005] Preferably, it further includes: Based on the nursery stock water and fertilizer regulation information, monitor the height of the main trunk of the peach tree and record and count the number of lateral branches. By measuring the height of the main trunk and manually counting the number of lateral branches, intercept dead branches and thin out overcrowded branches. Cut off the dry parts with pruning shears to remove dense branches, perform disinfection of the pruning cuts and seal the cut ends, and compare the distribution of bud eyes to generate pruning node information; Based on the pruning node information, check the diseased spot parts of the peach tree and measure the egg density. By checking the diseased spots and counting the number of eggs, conduct a search for branch canker points and count the fruit drop rate. Evaluate the fruit drop rate by comparing the number of fallen fruits, record the spraying coverage range of the liquid medicine and summarize the prevention and control records, and conduct a comparison of the insect population density to generate pest and disease monitoring indicators; Based on the pest and disease monitoring indicators, monitor the fruit surface spots and record the judgment of maturity. By monitoring the spots, record the fruit surface color, conduct a measurement of the flesh hardness and volume measurement, and perform an evaluation of the fruit shape uniformity. Measure the flesh hardness with a pressure gauge and read the volume difference with a measuring cup, arrange the picking batches, and generate peach fruit harvest batch information.

[0006] Preferably, the steps for obtaining the plot allocation parameters are as follows: Based on the characteristics of the peach tree growth area, measure the plot slope and collect the soil composition. Read the value with an inclinometer and shovel the surface soil into a sampling bag, organize and record the slope change and soil particle size distribution, compare the inclinometer range and soil texture characteristics, and generate plot slope and soil data; Based on the plot slope and soil data, compare the pH value and organic matter content. Drop a pH indicator to read the pH ratio and weigh the dry sample to calculate the organic matter ratio, compare the result values of different measurement areas, and generate soil composition comparison information; Based on the soil composition comparison information, merge the water volume and heat in the climate record. By organizing the historical precipitation and temperature fluctuation curves, compare the range of suitable soil areas, mark the reasonable planting density, and integrate the tabular data to generate plot allocation parameters.

[0007] Preferably, the steps for obtaining the peach sapling planting plan are as follows: Based on the plot allocation parameters, divide the planting area of the peach saplings and verify the growth substrate. Determine the boundary of the planting area by drawing lines on the ground and collect the soil humidity and ground temperature information, record the difference between the measured values of each partition and the recommended range, and generate basic information on the nursery stock planting area; Based on the basic information of the nursery stock planting area, detect the root activity of the nursery stock and record the plant height. By preparing a root soaking solution and observing the water absorption degree of the root tip, measure the plant height of the nursery stock with a measuring ruler and fill in the detection form to generate nursery stock growth detection parameters; Based on the seedling growth detection parameters, plant fixed-point marking and planting density review are carried out. By inserting positioning flags and comparing the information in the planting area quantity and plant spacing table, the transplanting position is verified and the substrate adaptation situation is checked, and a peach sapling planting plan is generated.

[0008] Preferably, the steps for obtaining the seedling water and fertilizer regulation information are as follows: Based on the peach sapling planting plan, seedling survival rate tracking is carried out. By inspecting the leaf and root states of each plant and comparing the values in the previous registration form, the number of surviving plants and the growth momentum are recorded, and a survival rate tracking record is generated. Based on the survival rate tracking record, water source delivery pipeline detection and irrigation frequency statistics are carried out. By monitoring the pipeline pressure gauge and the valve smoothness and referring to the irrigation ledger to check the times in the corresponding period, the water consumption trend in each period is summarized, and comprehensive water source irrigation data is generated. Based on the comprehensive water source irrigation data, the fertilizer type ratio and topdressing timing are determined. By weighing fertilizers with different ratios and monitoring the change of soil surface salt concentration, and combining with the irrigation interval to judge the next fertilization cycle, seedling water and fertilizer regulation information is generated.

[0009] Preferably, the steps for obtaining the pruning node information are as follows: Based on the seedling water and fertilizer regulation information, the height of the peach tree trunk is measured and the number of lateral branches is counted. By recording the trunk length and counting the number of lateral branches, the growth situation of each plant is summarized and archived, and branch monitoring data is generated. Based on the branch monitoring data, low-position withered branches are intercepted and over-dense branches are thinned out. By monitoring the dryness degree of the branches and using pruning tools to cut off the unhealthy parts, the pruning range and the thinned-out quantity are summarized, and branch trimming information is generated. Based on the branch trimming information, the pruning cuts are disinfected and the cut ends are sealed, and the distribution of bud eyes is compared. By applying disinfection materials to the pruning cuts and checking the number and position of bud eyes, the state of the branches after trimming is recorded, and pruning node information is generated.

[0010] Preferably, the steps for obtaining the pest and disease monitoring indicators are as follows: Based on the pruning node information, the diseased spot parts of the peach tree are inspected and the number of insect eggs is recorded. The damaged areas of the tree trunk are monitored and the number of insect eggs is counted, and a list of affected parts is summarized, and preliminary inspection data on pest and disease hazards is generated. Based on the preliminary inspection data on pest and disease hazards, branch canker investigation is carried out and the number of fallen fruits is counted. By visually combing the canker symptoms and monitoring the fallen fruits under the tree crown, the loss quantity is summarized and the position distribution is recorded, and canker and fallen fruit records are generated. Based on the ulcer and fruit drop records, spray coverage of the liquid medicine is marked and the control records are summarized. By spraying the liquid medicine on the branch surface and marking the covered areas, the control operation time and dosage are statistically analyzed and compared with the change in the pest population to generate pest and disease monitoring indicators.

[0011] Preferably, the steps for obtaining the peach fruit harvest batch information are as follows: Based on the pest and disease monitoring indicators, fruit surface spot records are made and maturity data are collected. By checking the distribution of fruit surface spots and using a sugar content measurement tool to read the sugar content value, the results are listed and fruit appearance and maturity information is generated. Based on the fruit appearance and maturity information, the pulp hardness is detected and the volume is measured. By using a pressure gauge to press the pulp and using a measuring cup to record the volume, the measurement data is filled in and the difference range is calculated to generate fruit quality measurement parameters. Based on the fruit quality measurement parameters, the harvest batches are divided and the sorting grades are confirmed. By evaluating the fruit shape uniformity and corresponding to different grading lists, the registration results are summarized to generate peach fruit harvest batch information.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the comprehensive analysis of the plot slope measurement and soil component collection, the present invention generates plot allocation parameters according to regional characteristics, constructs a more scientific planting area management method, and improves land use efficiency. The dynamic detection of soil humidity, temperature and seedling root system vitality is introduced into the planting plan to ensure the suitability of the seedling growth environment and reduce the growth problems caused by improper plot selection. The survival rate tracking link combines dynamic data monitoring and the statistics of the number of surviving plants, solves the lag problem of traditional experience-based judgment, and realizes the real-time optimization of water and fertilizer supply. The inspection of irrigation pipelines and the adjustment of fertilizer ratios incorporate surface salt detection in the integrated management, reducing the possibility of soil salinization caused by over-fertilization. The comparison of hydrothermal conditions based on refined indicators optimizes the planting density and improves the systematicness of seedling planting. The present invention constructs a real-time feedback mechanism through interlocking logic, integrates dynamic adjustment into each link, improves the accuracy and controllability of peach tree cultivation, reduces resource consumption, and enhances environmental friendliness. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0013] Figure 1 It is a step schematic diagram of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0014] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0015] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution, a cultivation method for a peach orchard, comprising the following steps: Based on the characteristics of the peach tree growth area, conduct plot slope measurement and soil composition collection. Through the inclination angle reading and soil sampling record values, compare the soil pH value and organic matter content, record the differences through pH indicators, compare the hydrothermal conditions in combination with climate records, and make a reference comparison of the planting density according to the planting plan requirements of peach trees to generate plot allocation parameters; Based on the plot allocation parameters, divide the planting area of peach saplings and verify the growth substrate of the seedlings. Mark the planting range by means of scribing and positioning, conduct soil humidity detection and temperature record collection, obtain the values through a moisture sensor and a thermometer, conduct root vigor tests and plant height monitoring of the seedlings and carry out fixed-point marking of the plants to generate a planting plan for peach saplings; Based on the planting plan for peach saplings, track the survival rate of the seedlings. Compare the fertility by regularly monitoring the number of surviving plants, conduct inspections of the water source delivery pipelines and record the irrigation frequency statistics. Check the valve smoothness and record the watering frequency through a meter, conduct the ratio of fertilization types and confirm the topdressing timing and conduct a surface salt content evaluation to generate seedling water and fertilizer regulation information; Based on the seedling water and fertilizer regulation information, monitor the height of the main trunk of the peach tree and record the number of lateral branches. Measure the height of the main trunk and manually count the number of lateral branches, cut off the withered branches and thin out the over-dense branches. Cut off the dry parts through pruning shears to remove the dense branches, conduct pruning cut disinfection and incision sealing and conduct a comparison of the bud eye distribution to generate pruning node information; Based on the pruning node information, check the diseased spot parts of the peach tree and measure the egg density. Check the diseased spots and count the number of eggs, conduct a search for stem canker points and statistics of the fruit drop rate. Evaluate the fruit drop rate by comparing the number of fallen fruits, record the coverage range of liquid medicine spraying and summarize the prevention and control records and conduct a comparison of the insect density to generate pest and disease monitoring indicators; Based on the pest and disease monitoring indicators, monitor the fruit surface spots and record the maturity judgment. Record the fruit surface color by monitoring the spots, conduct the determination of the flesh hardness and volume measurement and perform the evaluation of the fruit shape uniformity. Measure the flesh hardness through a pressure gauge and read the volume difference using a measuring cup, arrange the picking batches to generate peach fruit harvest batch information.

[0016] The steps for obtaining the plot allocation parameters are as follows: Based on the characteristics of the peach tree growth area, conduct plot slope measurement and soil composition collection. Read the values through an inclination angle measuring instrument and shovel the surface soil into a sampling bag, organize and record the slope change and soil particle size distribution, compare the inclination angle range and soil texture characteristics to generate plot slope and soil data; Based on the plot slope and soil data, compare the pH value and organic matter content. Read the acidity and alkalinity ratio by dropping pH indicator and measure the organic matter ratio by weighing the dry sample. Compare the result values of different measurement areas to generate soil component comparison information; Based on the soil component comparison information, merge the water volume and heat in the climate record. Compare the range of suitable soil areas by sorting out the historical precipitation and temperature fluctuation curves. Mark the reasonable planting density and integrate the table data to generate plot allocation parameters.

[0017] Specifically, based on the characteristics of the peach tree growth area and referring to the results of multiple field measurements, set the slope range of the mountain orchard. The range from 0 to 15 degrees is designated as a gentle and suitable interval, and the range from 15 to 30 degrees is designated as a medium slope area. Then compare the values obtained by using the inclinometer with this range respectively. If the value exceeds 30 degrees, it is recorded as a high slope risk point and the number is recorded. Shovel the surface soil collected at each point into the sampling container and use the screening method on the site to obtain the proportion of soil particle composition, so as to distinguish the sections with higher viscosity or larger sandiness and mark them as the subsequent key monitoring areas. According to the local fruit tree cultivation experience, when the clay content is less than 20 or greater than 40, it is marked as the soil layer that is not conducive to root expansion. Integrate the slope and soil composition values of each detection point into a list and compare whether there is an extreme ratio. If it is detected that the inclination angle exceeds 30 degrees and the clay content is greater than 40, this combination is classified as a high risk category and a note is added. Integrate all records into a comprehensive comparison table to generate plot slope and soil data.

[0018] Based on the plot slope and soil data and referring to the experience of multiple rounds of agricultural experiments, establish a pH reference interval. The range from 4 to 8 is regarded as the normal range and acidity and alkalinity warnings are added outside this range. Compare the values read after dropping the pH indicator with this interval one by one. If it is lower than 4 or higher than 8, mark the corresponding sampling point as acid-base abnormal. Then dry the sample and measure the mass change to estimate the organic matter content. In local experience, 2 to 5 is regarded as the medium level of organic matter. If it is lower than 2, it is considered that the organic matter is low and a note is added to indicate the need for nutrient supplementation. Arrange the acidity and alkalinity and organic matter results of each measurement area into a comparison information table and associate their slope conditions. If the clay content is high and the pH value exceeds 8, it is used as a subsequent special attention combination. If the clay content is low and the pH value is lower than 4, it is marked as a soil improvement object separately. Finally, summarize the comparison data of all points to generate soil component comparison information.

[0019] Based on the soil composition comparison information, and using the monthly precipitation records of the local weather station in the past five years and the historical maximum and minimum temperature sequences, the soil suitability of each measurement point is checked against the range of 500 to 1000 millimeters of annual average precipitation, and the frequency of the temperature generally fluctuating between -10 degrees Celsius and 35 degrees Celsius is compared. If the long-term rainfall at a certain point is less than 500 millimeters, a drought tendency is noted, and it is confirmed whether it is suitable for close planting in combination with the aforementioned pH value and clay proportion. If the annual rainfall at a certain point exceeds 1000 millimeters, the possibility of waterlogging is noted, and its organic matter level and terrain are verified. If the value shows that the slope exceeds 30 degrees and the annual rainfall is higher than 1000 millimeters, it is set as a potential area prone to mountain torrents. According to these cross-information, a density reference range from 50 to 100 plants per mu is set, and the areas with severely adverse conditions are excluded from the high-density options. Finally, the climate indicators and soil information of all measurement points are arranged to generate the plot allocation parameters.

[0020] The steps to obtain the peach sapling planting plan are as follows: Based on the plot allocation parameters, the peach sapling planting area is divided and the growth substrate is verified. The boundary of the planting area is determined by drawing lines on the ground, and the soil humidity and ground temperature information are collected. The differences between the measured values of each partition and the recommended range are recorded to generate the basic information of the sapling planting area. Based on the basic information of the sapling planting area, the root activity of the saplings is detected and the plant height is recorded. By preparing a root soaking solution and observing the water absorption degree of the root tips, the plant height of the saplings is measured with a measuring scale and the test form is filled out to generate the sapling growth test parameters. Based on the sapling growth test parameters, the plant positions are marked and the planting density is rechecked. By inserting positioning flags and comparing the information in the planting area quantity and plant spacing table, the transplanting positions are verified and the substrate adaptation is checked to generate the peach sapling planting plan.

[0021] Specifically, based on the plot allocation parameters and classifying the slopes and climate characteristics of each partition by priority, a slope less than 15 degrees is regarded as the first-priority partition, and the boundary is determined by drawing lines on the ground. The real-time moisture content obtained by the soil humidity measuring instrument is checked against the relative humidity range set at 15 to 25. If the moisture content is less than 15, it is marked as drought for subsequent moisture observation. If it is higher than 25, it is marked as possible waterlogging, and at the same time, the precipitation record of the weather station on the same day is compared. If the precipitation reaches 30 millimeters and the soil moisture content exceeds 25, the drainage requirement is marked in this partition. Whether it is a suitable area is determined by comparing the temperature detected by the ground temperature probe with the empirical range of 10 degrees Celsius to 35 degrees Celsius. Then, the numbers of each partition are integrated with the humidity and temperature results to generate the basic information of the sapling planting area.

[0022] Based on the basic information of the seedling planting area and using the immersion test to observe the root vitality, immerse the root tips in the mixture of tap water and micronutrient solution and set the immersion duration to 30 minutes. Evaluate the root respiration intensity by measuring the decrease in the oxygen content in the solution in the container. If the oxygen content decreases by more than 5 mg / L, it is judged that the root activity is high. If it is less than 2 mg / L, it is regarded as weak vitality and marked as requiring subsequent maintenance during registration. Record the seedling height with a measuring scale and compare the difference with the preset range of 30 cm to 50 cm. If it exceeds 50 cm, it is marked as a fast-growing type. If it is less than 30 cm, it is regarded as insufficient growth. By integrating the results of root vitality and seedling height, generate the seedling growth detection parameters.

[0023] Based on the seedling growth detection parameters, insert positioning flag markers within the planting area. Set a punctuation every 3 meters and compare it with the plant spacing table information. If the specified plant spacing in the table is 2 meters to 3 meters and the distance between the on-site flag markers is less than 2 meters, it is recorded as overcrowded and needs to be adjusted. If the distance exceeds 3 meters, it is marked as too sparse and overall adjustment is considered. Cross-reference the substrate adaptation situation with the root vitality detection data. If the water content of a certain plot is between 15 and 25 and the root vitality is greater than 5 mg / L, it is determined that good planting conditions are available. If the plot temperature is lower than 10 degrees or the root vitality is less than 2 mg / L, it is regarded as the range where planting should be postponed. Finally, form a list of the flag marker distribution and seedling spacing data in each sub-area to generate the peach sapling planting plan.

[0024] The steps to obtain the seedling water and fertilizer regulation information are as follows: Based on the peach sapling planting plan, conduct seedling survival rate tracking. By inspecting the leaf and root status of each plant and comparing the values in the previous registration form, record the number of surviving plants and the growth momentum to generate the survival rate tracking record; Based on the survival rate tracking record, conduct water source delivery pipeline detection and irrigation frequency statistics. By monitoring the pipeline pressure gauge and the valve smoothness and referring to the irrigation ledger to check the time period and frequency, summarize the water consumption trend in each time period to generate the comprehensive water source irrigation data; Based on the comprehensive water source irrigation data, determine the fertilizer type ratio and topdressing timing. By weighing fertilizers with different ratios and monitoring the change in the soil surface salt concentration, combined with the irrigation interval, judge the next fertilization cycle to generate the seedling water and fertilizer regulation information.

[0025] Specifically, based on the planting plan of peach saplings, check the appearance and color of the leaves for each sapling and compare with the leaf growth indicators in the previous registration form. If the leaf color is yellowish or the leaves are curled and deviate from the empirical range, mark this sapling as having abnormal growth. Then observe the looseness of the soil around the roots and check for waterlogging or excessive dryness. Compare the observation results with the root health threshold. If the rotten area on the root surface exceeds 20 square millimeters or the overall dryness is obvious and exceeds the preset critical value, record it as poor root condition. At the same time, combine the baseline data listed in the previous registration form to judge whether this sapling is affected by diseases or nutrient deficiencies. If leaf abnormalities and root damage occur simultaneously, add a attention label and summarize it into a separate abnormal list. Evaluate the overall growth status by comparing the data of normal saplings and abnormal saplings and observe the fluctuation of the survival rate. Record the weather conditions such as precipitation and temperature on the observation day and correlate with the performance of the saplings. When the temperature exceeds 35 degrees or the cumulative precipitation within a short period exceeds 50 millimeters, mark it as key monitoring under extreme weather conditions. Based on the above comparisons and observation results, form a distribution map of the life status of the saplings, record the number of healthy and abnormal saplings in each partition and calculate the survival ratio of each partition, record the number of surviving saplings and growth momentum, and generate a survival rate tracking record.

[0026] Based on the survival rate tracking record, first check the pipeline structure section by section according to the route map of the water source transmission pipeline laid in the park and confirm the sealing condition of each connection. Then, combine the readings of the built-in pressure gauge to judge whether each pipeline section is within the normal pressure range, and use 0MPa to 0.5MPa as the empirical setting reference. If the pressure value is lower than 0.1MPa, mark it as a low-pressure area and check for pipeline blockage or damage. If the pressure value is higher than 0.5MPa, mark it as an abnormal high-pressure point and check the opening of the valve and the diverter. Then, refer to the irrigation ledger to compare the irrigation times in different periods and record the start time and stop time of each time in a list to calculate the change trend of water consumption in different periods. If irrigation is carried out multiple times in the same period and the cumulative water consumption exceeds one cubic meter for several consecutive days, it is determined that irrigation is frequent in this period and marked in the period record. If a certain pipeline section shows a high pressure although it is deactivated in the ledger, suspect that the valve is not closed completely or there is leakage, and include the detailed observation results in the pipeline summary table. Record the water source transmission efficiency of multiple pipelines and correlate with the water demand of each partition in the survival rate tracking record, summarize the water consumption trend in each period, and generate comprehensive water source irrigation data.

[0027] Based on the comprehensive data of water source irrigation and the water demand of each sub-area in the above survival rate tracking records, we first select common fertilizer types such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer and set the ratio range, with nitrogen content of 5 to 15 grams per plant as the basic range, phosphorus content of 5 to 10 grams per plant as the secondary range, and potassium content of 5 to 15 grams per plant as the supplementary range. If it is found that the leaves of seedlings in a certain sub-area are light green and the root development is low, the nitrogen fertilizer ratio is increased to the upper limit. If dark spots appear on the leaves, the phosphorus and potassium ratio is appropriately reduced and subsequent changes are observed. Then, a rapid test of the salt concentration on the soil surface is conducted using specific gravity. The salt content is measured by the conductivity method and the conductivity method. If the conductivity value exceeds 2 millisiemens per centimeter, the salt content is judged to be too high. If it is lower than 0.5 millisiemens per centimeter, the salt content is considered to be low. When mixing fertilizer, add fertilizer containing trace elements or use fresh water to reduce salt accumulation. The time for the next round of fertilization is calculated based on the watering interval and soil water retention conditions. The plant growth data after each fertilization is included in the tracking list. If there is still no growth after topdressing, it is marked as a nutrient absorption disorder and prepare for deep soil improvement. The fertilizer ratio adjustment and salt test results are recorded to generate water and fertilizer regulation information for seedlings.

[0028] The steps to obtain the pruning node information are: Based on the water and fertilizer regulation information of the seedlings, the height of the main trunk of the peach tree was measured and the number of side branches was counted. By recording the main trunk length and counting the number of side branches, the growth of each plant was summarized and archived to generate branch monitoring data; Based on the branch monitoring data, low dead branches are cut off and overcrowded branches are thinned out. By monitoring the degree of branch dryness and using pruning tools to cut off unhealthy parts, the pruning range and thinning quantity are summarized to generate branch pruning information; Based on the branch pruning information, the cut ends are disinfected and sealed, and the distribution of buds is compared. By applying disinfectant material to the cut ends and checking the number and position of buds, the status of the branches after pruning is recorded and the pruning node information is generated.

[0029] Specifically, based on the information of seedling water and fertilizer regulation, determine the measurement time point by referring to the growth feedback after fertilization and irrigation, and measure the height of the main trunk of the peach tree. Use a steel tape measure to closely adhere to the main trunk and measure the vertical distance from the root collar to the edge of the top leaf cluster as the main trunk length. Then, record the number of lateral branches at each angle on both sides and the back respectively. If the number of lateral branches is less than 3 and the main trunk length is less than 50 cm, it is defined as a low growth level and requires subsequent intensive maintenance. If the number of lateral branches exceeds 8 and the main trunk length exceeds 80 cm, it is classified into the fast growth group and listed as the key point of sample observation. Mark the ordinary growth plants between 3 and 8 lateral branches and with the main trunk length between 50 and 80 cm and summarize them into the partition data table. If some plants still maintain a high growth level in plots with high soil salinity, supplement the record as potential salt tolerance ability and link it to the subsequent fertilization ratio. Further revise the previous partition maintenance strategy through these records and obtain the growth trend of each plant. Compare the main trunk length and the number of lateral branches of all plants to generate a stratified statistical report and file it, generating branch monitoring data.

[0030] Based on the branch monitoring data, first check the growth of the low-position branches in each partition. Judge whether they are withered by observing the appearance color and dehydration degree of the branches. If a large area of the branch surface appears grayish-brown and loses elasticity, it is listed as a withered branch. If there is sap oozing or it has been hollowed out at the connection between the withered branch and the main trunk, it needs to be cut off as soon as possible. When using pruning tools, leave a margin of 10 to 20 mm at the base of the withered branch for cutting to avoid damaging the main body of the trunk. For overcrowded branches, measure the interval between branches. If it is within 10 cm and there is too much mutual crossing and covering, it is marked as overcrowded and use the same pruning operation to remove some branches to maintain ventilation. If a large number of overcrowded branches are removed in a short time, it is necessary to appropriately reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the subsequent water and fertilizer link to prevent excessive growth. Record the pruning range of all withered branches and overcrowded branches into the corresponding plant data, and attach the environmental temperature and humidity reference. If the temperature is lower than 10 degrees or the air humidity is less than 30 at this time, extra attention may be needed for the healing process. Grade and record the pruning quantity and branch position, generating branch trimming information.

[0031] Based on the branch trimming information, centrally check the exposure of the pruning cuts. Evenly apply the disinfection material on the surface of the cut and observe the speed of liquid penetration. If the cut part absorbs quickly, it is inferred that there is still vigorous physiological activity in the xylem layer at this place. If the absorption is slow and the surface shows excessive dryness, it is temporarily regarded as a branch with a relatively slow healing rate. At the same time, check each bud eye one by one. If the bud eye protrudes but there are grayish-brown spots on the surface, it is listed as a potential hidden danger of possible fungal infection and apply a protective adhesive again at the smeared part. For branches with relatively scattered bud eyes, strengthen the supplement record of trace elements in the subsequent fertilization. Finally, infer the overall development level by referring to the branch monitoring data for the number and position of bud eyes and incorporate the results into the plant growth file. When all the smearing and checking steps are completed, take pictures or make written records of the state of the trimmed branches for long-term tracking, generating pruning node information.

[0032] The steps for obtaining pest and disease monitoring indicators are as follows: Based on the pruning node information, check the diseased spots on the peach tree and record the number of eggs, monitor the damaged area of the tree trunk and count the number of eggs, summarize the list of affected parts, and generate preliminary inspection data on pest and disease hazards; Based on the preliminary inspection data on pest and disease hazards, conduct a check for branch cankers and count the number of fallen fruits. Comb through the canker symptoms visually and monitor the fallen fruits under the tree crown. Summarize the loss quantity and record the location distribution to generate records of cankers and fallen fruits; Based on the records of cankers and fallen fruits, mark the coverage area of liquid medicine spraying and summarize the control records. Spray the liquid medicine on the surface of the branches and mark the covered area, count the time and dosage of control operations and compare with the change in the pest population to generate pest and disease monitoring indicators.

[0033] Specifically, based on the pruning node information, first check at the junction of the main trunk and side branches of the peach tree for any abnormal color or tissue depression and use the common diseased spot appearance characteristics in local experience as a reference. Mark as a suspected diseased spot and add a location mark any area with a diameter of more than 5 mm or a water-soaked appearance in the brown rotted area. Then, use a magnifying glass to observe whether there is a white or yellowish-brown mold layer on the surface of the diseased spot. If the mold layer covers an area of more than 10 square millimeters, mark it as a highly suspicious area when recording. At the same time, conduct a key inspection of branch cracks or unhealed pruning cuts. If the color turns black or there is a large amount of wet secretion, it is regarded as a potential route of pathogen invasion. Next, monitor the number of eggs around the diseased spot. The color and size of the eggs can be judged by visual comparison. If the color is milky white, the egg body is semi-transparent, about 1 to 2 mm in length, and the number exceeds 10, it is regarded as a high-risk point of pest infestation and additional notes are made. Incorporate the different diseased spot locations and egg counts involved in the entire inspection process into a list and compare with the tree age and branch monitoring data. If the peach tree has entered the growth stage of five to ten years, it is more likely to accumulate the impact of pests and diseases. For the identified key diseased spots, local disassembly can be used to check the internal decay degree. If the internal wood fibers have deteriorated, it is recorded as a severely affected area. Statistically summarize all suspected diseased spots and egg situations to form a partition list and conduct a cross-comparison of the diseased spot area and the number of eggs to generate preliminary inspection data on pest and disease hazards.

[0034] Based on the preliminary inspection data of pest and disease risks, carefully examine the branches with marked suspected disease spots to see if they form an ulcerous shape. Observe whether the bark has fallen off or burst. If the crack width is greater than 2 mm and the depth reveals the internal wood, it is regarded as a sign of ulcer and included in the ulcer group to be confirmed. Temporarily mark the areas with superficial cracks but without obvious damage to the wood fibers as surface damage and closely monitor them during subsequent rechecks. At the same time, set up fruit receiving nets under the tree crown to count the number of fallen fruits. If the number of fallen fruits exceeds 5 per day and continues for more than two days, it can be regarded as an abnormal increase in fallen fruits, and record the fruit appearance information when recording. If the appearance color is yellow or there are insect marks, establish an association with the aforementioned suspected pest and disease parts. Arrange all ulcer symptoms and fallen fruit situations together and refer to the growth years of the peach tree. If the tree age is relatively large and there are a large number of pruning records in the previous pruning node information, it is more likely to break out diseases and cause an accumulation of fallen fruits. Screen out the high-risk sections that may endanger the growth of the whole plant through data comparison and conduct subsequent monitoring of other minor cracks. Summarize all loss quantities and location distributions and classify them according to tree age and environmental factors to generate ulcer and fallen fruit records.

[0035] Based on the ulcer and fallen fruit records, first mark the ulcer degree on the coordinate map corresponding to the main trunk and side branches of each peach tree. If the ulcer range of a side branch reaches a length exceeding 3 cm or the depth reveals the inner wood, set it as a severe level and include it in the priority spraying object. Then, use the common liquid medicine preparation table to select the mixing ratio of bactericidal and insecticidal components according to different types of pathogens and the discovery situation of insect eggs and record the specific dosage. If the temperature is between 20 degrees and 30 degrees and the relative humidity is between 50 and 70, it is considered suitable for large-area spraying. If the temperature is higher than 30 degrees or the humidity is lower than 40, it is necessary to determine the local spraying points again. During actual spraying, mark the liquid medicine coverage area of each tree trunk and ulcer point. It can be sprayed within a radius of 3 cm around the ulcer edge or concentrated spraying on the area with dense insect eggs. If the number of insect eggs has exceeded 20, it is necessary to increase the dosage and observe the remaining situation of the insect population. Compare the change in the number of insect pests before and after spraying for the same batch of peach trees and record the operation time. If the number of insect pests is still higher than 10 after 24 hours, increase the dosage again for supplementary spraying. Summarize all the operation processes and spraying ranges into a prevention and control tracking list to generate pest and disease monitoring indicators.

[0036] The steps to obtain the information of the peach fruit harvesting batches are as follows: Based on the pest and disease monitoring indicators, record the fruit surface spots and collect the maturity data. By checking the distribution of the fruit surface spots and using a sugar degree measuring tool to read the sweetness value, register the result list to generate the fruit appearance and maturity information; Based on the fruit appearance and maturity information, conduct the pulp hardness detection and volume measurement. By using a pressure gauge to press the pulp and using a measuring cup to record the volume, fill in the measurement data and calculate the difference range to generate the fruit quality measurement parameters; Based on the fruit quality measurement parameters, the picking batches are divided and the sorting grades are confirmed. By evaluating the uniformity of the fruit shape and corresponding to different grading lists, the registration results are summarized and the peach harvesting batch information is generated.

[0037] Specifically, based on the pest and disease monitoring indicators, determine the timing of checking fruit spots and check them in the range of daily average temperature of 20 to 30 degrees. Fruits with dark brown spots and a diameter greater than 3 mm are listed as key observation objects. If the surface of the fruit is sunken and surrounded by mold, it is marked as suspected diseased fruit. Refer to the previous insect population statistics. If the number of insects on the same tree is more than 10, focus on comparing the presence of worm holes on the fruit skin. For those with only light-colored round spots on the appearance and whose internal tissues have not yet deteriorated, they are temporarily regarded as minor disease spots and can be placed separately for observation. Then the sweetness value is detected by the sugar content measurement tool. If the reading is between 10 and 14 degrees, it is divided into the moderately mature range. If it exceeds 14 degrees, it means that the sugar content is high and it is necessary to confirm whether to accelerate softening. If it is lower than 10 degrees, it is recorded as a partially raw state and followed up. The fruit surface spots and sweetness values ​​are included in the result list and compared with the insect risk level of each fruit in the monitoring indicators of the previous stage to generate fruit appearance and maturity information.

[0038] Based on the appearance and maturity information of the fruit, the hardness of the tested fruit is measured at the shoulder and bottom of the fruit using a pressure gauge and the readings at the two locations are recorded. If the hardness values ​​at both locations are lower than 5 Newtons, it is considered soft; if they are higher than 10 Newtons, they are classified as hard; if they are between 5 Newtons and 10 Newtons, they are considered moderate. The volume is then measured using a measuring cup using the drainage method. If the volume is significantly larger than the average level and the sweetness value is also high, the fruit will be further carefully evaluated to see if it is prone to cracking. Based on the previous spot information, if the spot coverage area is more than 10 square millimeters or there is deep browning, it is not recommended to be kept as high-end commodity fruit. All hardness and volume readings are summarized by batch and cross-compared with the insect risk and sugar content detection data of the fruit surface in the previous stage. If the fruit is relatively sweet but the hardness remains between 7 Newtons and 9 Newtons, it indicates that the appearance and internal quality are well balanced. If the volume is too large but the hardness is low, it may lead to a decline in quality after over-ripening in the later stage. These difference ranges are listed to form an independent evaluation list to generate fruit quality measurement parameters.

[0039] Based on the fruit quality measurement parameters, select the shape characteristics of all fruits and use the fruit shape aspect ratio as the evaluation factor. If the aspect ratio is close to 1, it is marked as a round fruit. If the aspect ratio is lower than 0.8, it is judged as an oblate fruit. If it exceeds 1.2, it is regarded as an oval fruit. Through the cooperation and analysis of these shape data with the previous sugar content, hardness, and spot area, the fruits can be divided into different grades such as special grade, first grade, and ordinary grade. Among them, the special grade requires the aspect ratio to be between 0.9 and 1.1, the sugar content to be not less than 12 degrees, and the hardness to be not less than 6 N. The first grade requires the aspect ratio to be between 0.85 and 1.15, the sugar content to be not less than 10 degrees, and the hardness to be not less than 5 N. The ordinary grade covers the remaining range. Finally, the fruits that meet a certain grade standard are aggregated into the same picking batch and a corresponding picking time plan is generated. If there is a significant gap between the fruit sweetness or hardness and the evaluation value, it is treated separately and included in the later additional observation, thus completing the classification and batch arrangement of the whole batch of fruits and generating the peach fruit harvest batch information.

[0040] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in other forms. Any person skilled in the art may use the technical content disclosed above to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes and apply them to other fields. However, as long as it does not depart from the technical solution content of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for a peach orchard, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Based on the characteristics of the peach tree growth area, conduct plot slope measurement and soil composition collection. Record the values through the inclination angle reading and soil sampling, compare the soil pH value and organic matter content, record the differences through pH indicators, compare the hydrothermal conditions in combination with climate records, and conduct a reference comparison of planting density according to the planting plan requirements of peach trees to generate plot allocation parameters; Based on the plot allocation parameters, divide the planting area of peach saplings and verify the growth substrate of the seedlings. Mark the planting range by means of scribing and positioning, conduct soil humidity detection and temperature record collection, obtain the values through moisture sensors and thermometers, conduct root vigor tests and plant height monitoring of the seedlings, and carry out fixed-point marking of the plants to generate the planting plan for peach saplings; Based on the planting plan for peach saplings, track the survival rate of the seedlings. Compare the fertility by regularly monitoring the number of surviving plants, conduct inspections of the water source delivery pipelines and record the irrigation frequency, check the valve smoothness and record the watering frequency through a meter, conduct the ratio of fertilization types and confirm the topdressing timing, and conduct a surface salt content evaluation to generate the seedling water and fertilizer regulation information.

2. The Taoyuan cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein, It also includes: Based on the seedling water and fertilizer regulation information, monitor the height of the peach tree trunk and record the number of lateral branches. Measure the height of the trunk and manually count the number of lateral branches, cut off the withered branches and thin out the overcrowded branches. Cut off the dry parts with pruning shears to remove the dense branches, conduct disinfection of the pruning cuts and sealing of the cut ends, and compare the bud eye distribution to generate pruning node information; Based on the pruning node information, check the diseased spot parts of the peach tree and measure the egg density. Check the diseased spots and count the number of eggs, conduct a search for stem canker points and statistics of the fruit drop rate. Evaluate the fruit drop rate by comparing the number of fallen fruits, record the coverage range of liquid medicine spraying and summarize the prevention and control records, and conduct a comparison of the insect density to generate pest and disease monitoring indicators; Based on the pest and disease monitoring indicators, monitor the fruit surface spots and record the maturity judgment. Record the fruit surface color by monitoring the spots, conduct the measurement of pulp hardness and volume measurement, and perform an evaluation of the fruit shape uniformity. Measure the pulp hardness with a pressure gauge and read the volume difference with a measuring cup, arrange the picking batches, and generate the peach fruit harvesting batch information.

3. The Taoyuan cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for obtaining the plot allocation parameters are as follows: Based on the characteristics of the peach tree growth area, conduct plot slope measurement and soil composition collection. Read the values with an inclination angle measuring instrument and shovel the surface soil into a sampling bag, organize and record the slope change and soil particle gradation, compare the inclination angle range and soil texture characteristics to generate plot slope and soil data; Based on the plot slope and soil data, compare the pH value and organic matter content. Read the pH ratio by dropping a pH indicator and weigh the dry sample to calculate the organic matter ratio, compare the result values of different measurement areas to generate soil composition comparison information; Based on the soil composition comparison information, merge the water volume and heat in the climate records. Compare the soil suitable area range by organizing the historical precipitation and temperature fluctuation curves, mark the reasonable planting density, and integrate the table data to generate plot allocation parameters.

4. The Taoyuan cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The steps for obtaining the planting plan for peach saplings are as follows: Based on the plot allocation parameters, conduct the division of the peach sapling planting area and the verification of the growth substrate. Determine the boundary of the planting area by drawing lines on the ground and collect soil humidity and ground temperature information. Record the differences between the measured values of each partition and the recommended range to generate the basic information of the nursery stock planting area. Based on the basic information of the nursery stock planting area, conduct the detection of the root activity of the nursery stock and record the plant height. By preparing the root soaking solution and observing the water absorption degree of the root tips, measure the plant height of the nursery stock with a measuring scale and fill in the detection form to generate the growth detection parameters of the nursery stock. Based on the growth detection parameters of the nursery stock, conduct the fixed-point marking of the plants and the review of the planting density. By inserting positioning flags and comparing the information in the table of the number of planting areas and plant spacing, verify the transplanting position and check the substrate adaptation situation to generate the peach sapling planting plan.

5. The Taoyuan cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The steps for obtaining the nursery stock water and fertilizer regulation information are as follows: Based on the peach sapling planting plan, conduct the tracking of the survival rate of the nursery stock. By inspecting the leaf and root states of each plant and comparing the values in the previous registration form, record the number of surviving plants and the growth trend to generate the survival rate tracking record. Based on the survival rate tracking record, conduct the detection of the water source delivery pipeline and the statistics of the irrigation times. By monitoring the pipeline pressure gauge and the valve smoothness and referring to the irrigation ledger to compare the times of different periods, summarize the water consumption trend of each period to generate the comprehensive water source irrigation data. Based on the comprehensive water source irrigation data, conduct the ratio of fertilizer types and determine the topdressing timing. By weighing fertilizers with different ratios and monitoring the change of soil surface salt concentration, combined with the irrigation interval, judge the next fertilization cycle to generate the nursery stock water and fertilizer regulation information.

6. The Taoyuan cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein, The steps for obtaining the pruning node information are as follows: Based on the nursery stock water and fertilizer regulation information, measure the height of the peach tree trunk and count the number of lateral branches. By recording the trunk length and counting the number of lateral branches, summarize the growth of each plant and file it to generate the branch monitoring data. Based on the branch monitoring data, conduct the cutting of low-lying withered branches and the thinning of over-dense branches. By monitoring the dryness degree of the branches and using pruning tools to cut off the unhealthy parts, summarize the pruning range and the thinning quantity to generate the branch trimming information. Based on the branch trimming information, conduct the disinfection of the pruning cuts and the sealing of the cut ends and compare the distribution of bud eyes. By applying disinfection materials to the pruning cuts and checking the number and position of bud eyes, record the state of the branches after trimming to generate the pruning node information.

7. The Taoyuan cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein The steps for obtaining the pest and disease monitoring indicators are as follows: Based on the pruning node information, conduct the inspection of the diseased spots of the peach tree and record the number of insect eggs. Monitor the damaged area of the tree trunk and count the number of insect eggs, and summarize the list of affected parts to generate the preliminary inspection data of pest and disease hazards. Based on the preliminary inspection data of pest and disease hazards, conduct the investigation of branch cankers and count the number of fallen fruits. By visually sorting out the canker symptoms and monitoring the fallen fruits under the tree crown, summarize the loss quantity and record the position distribution to generate the canker and fallen fruit record. Based on the canker and fallen fruit record, conduct the marking of the spraying coverage range of the liquid medicine and summarize the prevention and control records. By spraying the liquid medicine on the surface of the branches and marking the coverage area, count the prevention and control operation time and dosage and compare with the change of the insect population to generate the pest and disease monitoring indicators.

8. The Taoyuan cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steps for obtaining the peach fruit harvesting batch information are as follows: Based on the above-mentioned pest and disease monitoring indicators, record the fruit surface spots and collect maturity data. By checking the distribution of the fruit surface spots and using a sugar content measurement tool to read the sugar content value, register the result list, and generate fruit appearance and maturity information; Based on the above-mentioned fruit appearance and maturity information, conduct pulp hardness detection and volume measurement. By using a pressure gauge to measure the pulp and using a measuring cup to record the volume, fill in the measurement data and calculate the difference range, and generate fruit quality measurement parameters; Based on the above-mentioned fruit quality measurement parameters, conduct picking batch division and confirm the sorting grades. By evaluating the fruit shape uniformity and corresponding to different grading lists, summarize and register the results, and generate peach fruit harvest batch information.

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