An aluminum alloy component forging-heat treatment fusion high-quality and high-efficiency forming manufacturing process

Abstract

The application provides an aluminum alloy component forging-heat treatment fusion high-quality and high-efficiency forming manufacturing process, which comprises selecting an aluminum alloy blank to perform forging at a first preset temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy forging product meeting technical requirements; wherein the first preset temperature makes the aluminum alloy blank be in a solid-liquid coexisting state. The application adopts a process route of heating-forging-quenching-artificial aging treatment, and compared with a traditional aluminum alloy casting process and a forging process, the process route fully utilizes respective advantages of the casting and the forging forming, considers the shape control and property control problems of the product, and obtains a product with a compact structure and few defects such as holes. In addition, under the premise of fully meeting the performance requirements of the product, the application shortens the product forming process, and greatly reduces the production cycle and the production cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy component manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-quality and high-efficiency forming manufacturing process of aluminum alloy component forging-heat treatment fusion. BACKGROUND

[0002] Aluminum alloy occupies an important position in modern industry and manufacturing, especially in the field of aerospace, due to its light weight, high strength and good processing performance. Among many forming technologies, casting and forging are two main forming methods.

[0003] Casting technology provides many advantages, including reducing the required machining process of the final product and being able to produce components with highly complex geometries. However, due to casting defects such as shrinkage holes, residues, porosity and the like, the aluminum alloy products produced by traditional casting processes are usually not high in strength, and the mechanical properties are often difficult to meet the requirements of building high performance.

[0004] The forging forming technology is highly praised because it can produce forgings with more compact internal structures, providing higher mechanical properties. However, the deformation resistance in the traditional forging process is large, the equipment requirements are high, the metal flowability filling performance is poor, and the production process is complicated, low in efficiency, high in energy consumption and cost.

[0005] In summary, although the traditional casting process can produce complex aluminum alloy products, it often encounters defects such as shrinkage holes and inclusions, which seriously affect the strength and mechanical properties of the products. At the same time, although the forging forming technology can manufacture forgings with compact structure and superior mechanical properties, it is low in production efficiency and is accompanied by high energy consumption and cost. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the present application provides a high-quality and high-efficiency forming manufacturing process of aluminum alloy component forging-heat treatment fusion, which adopts a new forging-heat treatment fusion process, fully utilizes the advantages of casting and forging, and skillfully avoids their shortcomings. Through this process, the product not only has compact structure and few defects such as holes, but also significantly shortens the forming process, greatly reduces the production cycle and cost, and realizes the perfect combination of shape control and property control in the production of aluminum alloy products.

[0007] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a high-quality and high-efficiency forming manufacturing process of aluminum alloy component forging-heat treatment fusion, which selects aluminum alloy blanks to be forged at a first predetermined temperature to obtain aluminum alloy forging products meeting technical requirements.

[0009] The first preset temperature is a temperature at which the aluminum alloy blank is in a solid-liquid coexisting state.

[0010] The aluminum alloy blank is heated to a solid-liquid coexisting state, i.e., a semi-solid state, in a first preset temperature range, and the heating temperature and the holding time are controlled when the aluminum alloy blank is heated to the solid-liquid coexisting state.

[0011] The process optimizes the process of aluminum alloy forming, and by forging forming in the solid-liquid coexisting state, the problem of coarse structure in the as-cast state is significantly improved for the as-cast formed component, internal defects such as shrinkage and holes are eliminated, and thus the overall performance of the casting is greatly improved. And it can produce highly complex shapes that cannot be effectively realized by extrusion or mechanical processing, as well as large and small parts and thin-walled and textured or smooth surface components. For traditional forged components, because the process is formed in a solid-liquid coexisting state, it reduces the stringent requirements on the strength and rigidity of the equipment due to high deformation resistance, improves the flowability of the metal when filling the mold, and reduces the unevenness and cracking risk during forging. After forming, the strength of the component is ensured by short-term aging, simplifying the process of the traditional forging process.

[0012] The present application not only shortens the forming cycle and reduces the cost, but also can manufacture thin-walled complex products, while ensuring the consistency and reliability of product quality and performance. Through the process flow, the production of aluminum alloy large components will be more efficient and economical, and the product quality will be significantly improved, meeting the demand of modern industry for high-performance aluminum alloy components.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical scheme, further, when the aluminum alloy blank is a 6-series aluminum alloy, the first preset temperature is 550-620 DEG C,

[0014] When the aluminum alloy blank is a 7-series aluminum alloy, the first preset temperature is 490-520 DEG C.

[0015] When the first preset temperature is too small, the aluminum alloy blank is in a solid state, and it is difficult to form complex forgings due to large deformation resistance during forging forming. When the first preset temperature is too large, on the one hand, the aluminum alloy blank will melt, making it difficult to form, and on the other hand, the microstructure of the forged component after forging forming will appear dendritic structure, reducing the mechanical properties of the forged component.

[0016] On the basis of the above technical scheme, further, the aluminum alloy blank is heated to the first preset temperature, the holding time is the first preset time, and the deformation forging is performed at the first preset temperature.

[0017] The traditional forging method is to transfer after heating, and such transfer will cause temperature drop. The sudden temperature drop will affect the performance after forming, and forming at the same temperature can avoid such influence.

[0018] Further, the first preset time and the diameter of the aluminum alloy blank have a relationship of T=K*D, wherein K is a conversion coefficient, and D is the diameter of the aluminum alloy blank.

[0019] When the aluminum alloy blank is a 6-series aluminum alloy, K=1.5 mm / min; and when the aluminum alloy blank is a 7-series aluminum alloy, K=3 mm / min.

[0020] When the aluminum alloy blank is a 6-series aluminum alloy, K=1.5 mm / min; and when the aluminum alloy blank is a 7-series aluminum alloy, K=3 mm / min.

[0021] When the diameter of the aluminum alloy blank is constant, if the holding time is too short, the core of the aluminum alloy blank cannot be heated uniformly, which affects the mechanical properties of the forged piece. If the holding time is too long, the solubility of the gas in the aluminum alloy increases, a large amount of gas is precipitated to form pores, in addition, impurities and defects in the material can further gather and expand, which reduces the compactness and mechanical properties of the material and becomes a hidden danger in subsequent use.

[0022] Further, the above technical solution further comprises directly quenching the aluminum alloy blank after forging.

[0023] Further, the above technical solution further comprises directly quenching the aluminum alloy blank after forging.

[0024] Further, the above technical solution further comprises directly quenching the aluminum alloy blank after forging.

[0025] The present application eliminates the solid solution heat treatment process after forging, saves the use of a solid solution furnace, directly quenches after forging to form a saturated solid solution, and avoids abnormal grain growth; and subsequent aging treatment ensures the precipitation of a strengthening phase to improve the mechanical properties.

[0026] Further, when the aluminum alloy blank is a 6-series aluminum alloy, the second preset temperature is 160-180 DEG C; and when the aluminum alloy blank is a 7-series aluminum alloy, the second preset temperature is 100-120 DEG C.

[0027] Further, when the aluminum alloy blank is a 6-series aluminum alloy, the second preset time is 4-8 h; and when the aluminum alloy blank is a 7-series aluminum alloy, the second preset time is 24-27 h.

[0028] Further, the shape of the forging is any one of a barrel type and a disc type.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) This invention adopts a forging-heat treatment integrated process, which integrates the advantages of traditional aluminum alloy casting and forging processes, and cleverly avoids their respective shortcomings. This method not only ensures the shape control and performance requirements of the parts, but also produces parts with uniform structure and very few defects such as pores.

[0031] (2) Under the premise of ensuring product performance, the present invention significantly simplifies the product forming process, greatly shortens the production cycle, effectively reduces production costs, and achieves a dual improvement in efficiency and economy. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high-quality and high-efficiency forming manufacturing process for aluminum alloy components, which integrates forging and heat treatment, according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is an aluminum alloy forging product from Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] This invention provides a high-quality and high-efficiency forming manufacturing process for aluminum alloy components, integrating forging and heat treatment, comprising the following steps:

[0038] S1. Select aluminum alloy billet, heat it to the first preset temperature, and hold it for the first preset time.

[0039] When the aluminum alloy billet is a 6-series aluminum alloy, the first preset temperature is 550–620°C.

[0040] When the aluminum alloy billet is a 7-series aluminum alloy, the first preset temperature is 490-520℃.

[0041] In the following specific implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the aluminum alloy billet and the mold are placed in a heating furnace and heated and kept warm together. The aluminum alloy billet is placed on top of the mold, and the heat preservation method is to set a first preset temperature and time in the control cabinet of the heating furnace.

[0042] The mold is made of steel, which has a higher melting point than aluminum alloy blanks. The mold can also be changed to different shapes as needed.

[0043] S2. The heated aluminum alloy billet is deformed at a first preset temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy forging of a preset shape.

[0044] In the following specific implementation, after the heat preservation is completed, the aluminum alloy forging is directly deformed in the heating furnace to obtain a pre-shaped aluminum alloy forging.

[0045] Die forging is performed using a forging press.

[0046] S3. Quench the aluminum alloy forging;

[0047] In the following specific implementation, the aluminum alloy forging is immediately quenched for 15 to 20 seconds.

[0048] S4. The quenched aluminum alloy forging is subjected to aging treatment at a second preset temperature and for a second preset holding time to obtain an aluminum alloy forging product that meets the technical requirements.

[0049] In the following specific implementation, aging treatment is carried out in an aging furnace. The aging temperature and holding time need to be determined according to the grade of the aluminum alloy billet, and can be determined with reference to the industry standard "YS / T 591-2017 Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys".

[0050] When the aluminum alloy billet is a 6-series aluminum alloy, the second preset temperature is 160℃~180℃, and the second preset time is 4~8h.

[0051] When the aluminum alloy billet is a 7-series aluminum alloy, the second preset temperature is 100-120°C and the second preset time is 24-27 hours.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] This embodiment provides a high-quality and efficient forming manufacturing process for aluminum alloy components that integrates forging and heat treatment, including the following steps:

[0054] S1. Select 6082 aluminum alloy billet, heat the material to 600℃, and hold it for T = K·D, where K = 1.5mm / min, D = 60mm, and T = 90min.

[0055] S2. The heated aluminum alloy billet is deformed at 600℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy forging of a preset shape.

[0056] S3. The aluminum alloy forging is quenched in water for 18 seconds.

[0057] S4. The quenched aluminum alloy forgings are subjected to aging treatment at a temperature of 180℃ and a holding time of 7h.

[0058] The timeliness requirement can be met after processing. Figure 3 The product shown is a cast aluminum alloy forging.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] This embodiment provides a high-quality and efficient forming manufacturing process for aluminum alloy components that integrates forging and heat treatment, including the following steps:

[0061] S1. Select 6082 aluminum alloy billet, heat to 580℃, and hold for T = K·D, where K = 1.5mm / min, D = 60mm, and T = 90min.

[0062] S2. The heated aluminum alloy billet is deformed at 580℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy forging of a preset shape.

[0063] S3. Quench the aluminum alloy forging in water for 15 seconds.

[0064] S4. The quenched aluminum alloy forgings are subjected to aging treatment at a temperature of 160℃ and a holding time of 8h.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] This embodiment provides a high-quality and efficient forming manufacturing process for aluminum alloy components that integrates forging and heat treatment, including the following steps:

[0067] S1. Select 6082 aluminum alloy billet, heat to 550℃, and hold for T = K·D, where K = 1.5mm / min, D = 60mm, and T = 90min.

[0068] S2. The heated aluminum alloy billet is deformed at 550℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy forging of a preset shape.

[0069] S3. Quench the aluminum alloy forging in water for 20 seconds.

[0070] S4. The quenched aluminum alloy forgings are subjected to aging treatment at a temperature of 180℃ and a holding time of 4h.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] This embodiment provides a high-quality and efficient forming manufacturing process for aluminum alloy components that integrates forging and heat treatment, including the following steps:

[0073] S1. Select 6082 aluminum alloy billet, heat to 620℃, and hold for T = K·D, where K = 1.5mm / min, D = 60mm, and T = 90min.

[0074] S2. The heated 6082 cast aluminum alloy billet is deformed at 620℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy forging of a preset shape.

[0075] S3. Quench the aluminum alloy forging in water for 15 seconds.

[0076] S4. The quenched aluminum alloy forgings are subjected to aging treatment at a temperature of 160℃ and a holding time of 4h.

[0077] Example 5

[0078] This embodiment provides a high-quality and efficient forming manufacturing process for aluminum alloy components that integrates forging and heat treatment, including the following steps:

[0079] S1. Select 7075 aluminum alloy billet, heat the temperature to 500℃, and hold for a time T = K·D, where K = 3mm / min, D = 60mm, and T = 180min.

[0080] S2. The heated aluminum alloy billet is deformed at 500℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy forging of a preset shape.

[0081] S3. Quench the aluminum alloy forging in water for 20 seconds.

[0082] S4. The quenched aluminum alloy forgings are subjected to aging treatment at a temperature of 120℃ and a holding time of 24h.

[0083] Example 6

[0084] This embodiment provides a high-quality and efficient forming manufacturing process for aluminum alloy components that integrates forging and heat treatment, which differs from Embodiment 5 in that:

[0085] The temperature in steps S1 and S2 is 490℃, the aging treatment temperature in step S4 is 100℃, and the holding time is 24h.

[0086] Example 7

[0087] This embodiment provides a high-quality and efficient forming manufacturing process for aluminum alloy components that integrates forging and heat treatment, which differs from Embodiment 5 in that:

[0088] The temperature in steps S1 and S2 is 520℃, the aging treatment temperature in step S4 is 120℃, and the holding time is 27h.

[0089] Comparative Example 1

[0090] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0091] S2. The heated aluminum alloy billet is deformed on a mold at 150°C to obtain an aluminum alloy forging of a preset shape.

[0092] Comparative Example 2

[0093] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the temperature in steps S1 and S2 is 450°C.

[0094] Comparative Example 3

[0095] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the temperature in steps S1 and S2 is 650°C.

[0096] Comparative Example 4

[0097] The difference between this comparative example and Example 5 is that the temperature in steps S1 and S2 is 350°C.

[0098] Comparative Example 5

[0099] The difference between this comparative example and Example 5 is that the temperature in steps S1 and S2 is 600°C.

[0100] Comparative Example 6

[0101] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the heat preservation time in step S1 is 1 hour.

[0102] Comparative Example 7

[0103] This comparative example follows the same steps S1 and S2 as Example 1, but differs in that after forging and forming, the material is transferred to a mold for quenching, followed by heat treatment, water quenching, and aging. The steps are as follows:

[0104] S3. Place the aluminum alloy forging on a mold at 150°C for quenching.

[0105] S4. Place the aluminum alloy forging in a holding furnace at 600℃ and hold for 90 minutes.

[0106] S5. After taking out the forging obtained in step S4, perform water quenching for 18 seconds.

[0107] S6. The quenched aluminum alloy forgings are subjected to aging treatment at a temperature of 170℃ and a holding time of 6h.

[0108] Comparative Example 8

[0109] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the 6082 aluminum alloy billet is forged using a traditional forging method.

[0110] Comparative Example 9

[0111] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the 6082 aluminum alloy billet was cast using a traditional casting method.

[0112] Comparative Example 10

[0113] The difference between this comparative example and Example 5 is that the 7075 aluminum alloy billet is forged using a traditional forging method.

[0114] Comparative Example 11

[0115] The difference between this comparative example and Example 5 is that the 7075 aluminum alloy billet is cast using a traditional casting method.

[0116] Performance testing:

[0117] Tensile specimens were cut from the processed parts of the above embodiments and comparative examples. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted according to GB / T228.1-2010 standard to test their mechanical properties after forming. The average value of multiple tensile specimens was taken. The tensile strength and yield strength of each embodiment and comparative example are shown in Table 1 below:

[0118] Table 1. Tensile strength and yield strength of each embodiment and comparative example.

[0119] Number Aluminium alloy series Tensile strength / MPa Yield strength / MPa Example 1 6082 368 346 Example 2 6082 341 329 Example 3 6082 312 290 Example 4 6082 297 261 Example 5 7075 545 471 Example 6 7075 540 477 Example 7 7075 536 469 Comparative Example 1 6082 261 242 Comparative Example 2 6082 276 249 Comparative Example 3 6082 / / Comparative Example 4 7075 / / Comparative Example 5 7075 / / Comparative Example 6 6082 359 337 Comparative Example 7 6082 241 219 Comparative Example 8 6082 341 322 Comparative Example 9 6082 317 293 Comparative Example 10 7075 533 464 Comparative Example 11 7075 509 491

[0120] The uniaxial tensile test results of the above embodiments show that the aluminum alloy forgings obtained in Example 1 have tensile strength and yield strength of 368 MPa and 346 MPa, respectively, exceeding the traditional T6 standard. The first preset temperature in Comparative Examples 3 and 5 was too high, causing cracking of the aluminum alloy during forming. The first preset temperature in Comparative Example 4 was too low, resulting in excessive deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy, making it difficult to form. The aluminum alloy forgings obtained in Example 5 have tensile strength and yield strength of 545 MPa and 471 MPa, respectively, exceeding the traditional T6 standard.

[0121] By comparing the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that when the forging is deformed on a mold at 150°C, uneven segregation and precipitation occur during the temperature drop of the forging. After aging, coarse precipitates are formed at the grain boundaries, which reduces the mechanical properties of the forging.

[0122] Comparing the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that during forming at 450℃, the alloying elements magnesium and silicon were not fully dissolved into the aluminum matrix, resulting in low solid solubility and an inability to form a sufficient amount of highly supersaturated solid solution. During subsequent aging, the number of solute atoms that can participate in precipitation was insufficient, leading to an insignificant age-hardening effect and consequently, lower tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy.

[0123] By comparing the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 6, it can be seen that when the billet is not fully heated inside, the large temperature difference between different parts during forging leads to uneven deformation, resulting in coarse and uneven grains, which in turn reduces the mechanical properties of the final forging, such as tensile strength and yield strength.

[0124] Comparing the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 7, it can be seen that, firstly, during deformation on a 150°C mold, uneven segregation and precipitation occur as the forging temperature decreases. Secondly, holding the forging at 600°C after deformation eliminates the forging structure, but also causes localized melting of low-melting-point eutectics at grain boundaries, triangular grain boundaries, and within the grains. Ultimately, this leads to a decrease in the mechanical properties of the forging.

[0125] By comparing the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 8, it can be seen that traditional forging eliminates the forging structure in the subsequent heat treatment process, and on the other hand, abnormal grain growth occurs, resulting in coarse grains that affect the mechanical properties of the forging.

[0126] Comparing the results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 9, it can be seen that the forging process refines the grains and eliminates loose pores through plastic deformation, making the internal structure dense and uniform. It can also form a fibrous structure consistent with the direction of force, optimize the macrostructure, and reduce segregation, thereby significantly improving the strength, toughness and comprehensive mechanical properties of the material. In contrast, casting is prone to defects such as porosity, pores and segregation, resulting in lower mechanical properties.

[0127] By comparing the results of Example 5 and Comparative Example 10, it can be seen that traditional forging eliminates the forging structure in the subsequent heat treatment process, and on the other hand, abnormal grain growth occurs, resulting in coarse grains that affect the mechanical properties of the forging.

[0128] Comparing the results of Example 5 and Comparative Example 11, it can be seen that the forging process refines the grains and eliminates loose pores through plastic deformation, making the internal structure dense and uniform. It can also form a fibrous structure consistent with the direction of force, optimize the macrostructure, and reduce segregation, thereby significantly improving the strength, toughness and comprehensive mechanical properties of the material. In contrast, casting is prone to defects such as porosity, pores and segregation, resulting in lower mechanical properties.

[0129] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-quality and high-efficiency forming manufacturing process of aluminum alloy components by forging-heat treatment fusion, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy blank is forged at a first preset temperature to obtain an aluminum alloy forged product meeting technical requirements; The first preset temperature is such that the aluminum alloy blank is in a solid-liquid coexistence state; When the aluminum alloy blank is a 6-series aluminum alloy, the first preset temperature is 550-620 DEG C, and when the aluminum alloy blank is a 7-series aluminum alloy, the first preset temperature is 490-520 DEG C; The aluminum alloy blank is heated to the first preset temperature, and the holding time is a first preset time, and then the aluminum alloy blank is deformed and forged at the first preset temperature; The first preset time is related to the diameter of the aluminum alloy blank as follows: wherein, K is a conversion coefficient, D is the diameter of the aluminum alloy blank; when the aluminum alloy blank is a 6-series aluminum alloy, K = 1.5 mm / min, when the aluminum alloy blank is a 7-series aluminum alloy, K = 3 mm / min; The aluminum alloy blank after forging is directly quenched; The quenching time is 15-20 s; The aluminum alloy blank after quenching is aged at a second preset temperature for a second preset time; When the aluminum alloy blank is a 6-series aluminum alloy, the second preset temperature is 160-180 DEG C, and when the aluminum alloy blank is a 7-series aluminum alloy, the second preset temperature is 100-120 DEG C; When the aluminum alloy blank is a 6-series aluminum alloy, the second preset time is 4-8 h, and when the aluminum alloy blank is a 7-series aluminum alloy, the second preset time is 24-27 h.

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