High-toughness high-strength steel alkaline welding rod and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a high-toughness and high-strength steel alkaline welding rod and a preparation method thereof. The high-toughness and high-strength steel alkaline welding rod comprises a welding core and a coating, and the coating is formed by mixing a solid component and a liquid component; the solid component comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42-50 parts of marble, 25-33 parts of fluorite, 7-10 parts of carbonate, 5-7 parts of ferromanganese, 4-5 parts of sodium fluoride, 2-3 parts of phlogopite and 2-3 parts of high-entropy rare earth oxide; the liquid component is a binder and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 78-82 parts of modified potassium sodium water glass, 17-20 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose and 1-2 parts of lithium hydroxide; and the liquid component accounts for 21-24% of the mass of the solid component. According to the high-toughness and high-strength steel alkaline electrode, the high-temperature stability of the coating can be improved, desorption of diffusible hydrogen can be inhibited at the welding temperature, the content of diffusible hydrogen in a weld joint is reduced, the alloy structure is refined, the content of metal needle-shaped ferrite in the weld joint is increased, and the toughness of the weld joint is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metal welding, and in particular relates to a high-toughness and high-strength steel basic welding rod and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern industry, high-strength steel is increasingly used in society, and the welding problem of high-strength steel has also emerged. Although high-strength steel has high strength, its toughness reserve is poor, especially it is extremely sensitive to hydrogen-induced cracking. During the welding process, the diffusion of hydrogen is difficult to suppress under high temperature and high voltage environments, resulting in severe challenges to the durability of the welded steel. Therefore, the optimization of welding rod composition has become a research focus.

[0003] The rare earth oxides in the electrode coating have the functions of grain refinement, deoxidation and desulfurization, and reduction of hydrogen diffusion coefficient, which can effectively reduce the content of diffused hydrogen in the weld, purify the weld and improve the impact toughness of the weld metal. However, when the rare earth oxide content is too high, the rare earth oxide will decompose at the high welding temperature, causing the captured hydrogen to re-desorb, which will increase the content of diffused hydrogen and reduce the toughness of the weld. Therefore, the addition amount of rare earth oxide needs to be strictly controlled. In addition, the commonly used binder for electrode coating is water glass. Although water glass has strong adhesion and low cost, it has poor water resistance, is easy to absorb water in a humid environment, and will quickly lose water and become brittle at high temperature, causing the coating to crack.

[0004] Based on the above background technology, there is an urgent need to develop a high-toughness welding rod suitable for high-strength steel welding, whose coating needs to have excellent high-temperature stability and water resistance to cope with the problem of hydrogen-induced cracking in high-strength steel welding and improve the comprehensive performance of the welded joint. Summary of the invention

[0005] The first object of the present invention is to provide a high-toughness and high-strength steel basic welding rod, which has excellent high-temperature stability, can effectively control the hydrogen content of the weld and improve the toughness of the weld.

[0006] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a high-toughness and high-strength steel basic welding rod.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] An alkaline electrode for high-toughness and high-strength steel, comprising a welding core and a coating, wherein the coating is formed by mixing solid components and liquid components; the solid components include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 42-50 parts of marble, 25-33 parts of fluorite, 7-10 parts of carbonate, 5-7 parts of ferromanganese, 4-5 parts of sodium fluoride, 2-3 parts of phlogopite, 2-3 parts of high-entropy rare-earth oxide; the liquid component is a binder, including the following raw materials in parts by weight: 78-82 parts of modified potassium-sodium water glass, 17-20 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 1-2 parts of lithium hydroxide; the liquid component accounts for 21-24% of the mass of the solid components.

[0009] Further, the preparation method of the high-entropy rare-earth oxide particles comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) Weigh each rare-earth nitrate raw material according to an equimolar ratio, add ethanol and water to dissolve, and obtain a mixed solution;

[0011] (2) Add liquid ammonia to the mixed solution and stir to react, and filter to obtain a precipitate;

[0012] (3) Mix the precipitate with n-pentanol and perform rotary evaporation treatment to obtain a precursor powder;

[0013] (4) Sinter the precursor powder at 1000-1100 °C for 2-3 h in an air atmosphere, and grind to obtain high-entropy rare-earth oxide.

[0014] Further, the diameter of the high-entropy rare-earth oxide is 20-100 nm.

[0015] The high-entropy rare-earth oxide of the present invention is composed of 5 or more kinds of rare-earth nitrates in an equimolar ratio, and forms a single lattice structure in the form of a solid solution through sintering and other methods, having a highly uniform chemical composition and lattice distortion effect. The mixing of multiple elements significantly increases the entropy value of the system, thereby promoting the structural stability and thermodynamic stability.

[0016] Further, each rare-earth nitrate raw material in step (1) is at least 5 kinds of La(NO3)3, Ce(NO3)3, Nd(NO3)3, Sm(NO3)3, Gd(NO3)3, Y(NO3)3, Er(NO3)3; the ratio of the total mass of each rare-earth nitrate raw material to anhydrous ethanol and deionized water is 1 g:(5-10) mL:(50-80) mL; the temperature of the rotary evaporation is 40-60 °C.

[0017] Further, in step (2), the molar ratio of nitrate ions to liquid ammonia in the mixed solution is 1:(1.5-2); the stirring reaction time is 1-2 h; in step (3), the dosage ratio of the precipitate to n-pentanol is 1 g:(10-20) mL.

[0018] Further, the preparation method of the modified potassium-sodium water glass comprises the following steps:

[0019] (a) Add magnesium oxide into the silane coupling agent solution, stir and react, and obtain modified magnesium oxide after drying;

[0020] (b) Add potassium silicate, sodium silicate and modified magnesium oxide into water, heat and stir to react to obtain modified potassium-sodium water glass.

[0021] Further, in step (a), the silane coupling agent is 3-hydroxypropyltrimethoxysilane or 3-hydroxypropyltriethoxysilane; the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to the silane coupling agent is (10-12):1; the solvent of the silane coupling agent solution is toluene; the stirring time is 10-12 h; the drying temperature is 80-90 °C and the time is 4-5 h.

[0022] Further, in step (b), the mass ratio of potassium silicate, sodium silicate and modified magnesium oxide is 100:(20-25):(0.5-1); the heating and stirring temperature is 50-70 °C and the time is 1-2 h; the modulus of potassium silicate is 2.7-2.9 and the modulus of sodium silicate is 2.3-2.5.

[0023] The preparation method of the above high-toughness and high-strength steel basic electrode comprises the following steps:

[0024] Draw and cut high-strength steel, grind and clean it to obtain a welding core; mix the liquid components in the coating evenly according to the weight parts to obtain a binder; mix the solid components in the coating according to the weight parts, and then add the binder and stir evenly to obtain a viscous coating; coat the viscous coating on the welding core to form a coating, dry it and then perform a drying treatment to obtain a high-toughness and high-strength steel basic electrode.

[0025] Further, the process of the drying treatment is: first keep warm at 140-160 °C for 0.5-1.5 h, and then raise the temperature to 240-260 °C and keep warm for 0.5-1.5 h.

[0026] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The present invention adds high-entropy rare earth oxides to the electrode coating. By performing high-entropy treatment on the rare earth oxides, their high-temperature stability can be improved, and thus the desorption of diffusible hydrogen can be inhibited at the welding temperature. This improvement enables an increase in the addition amount of rare earth oxides, further reducing the content of diffusible hydrogen in the weld. At the same time, the high-entropy rare earth oxide particles can refine the alloy structure of the weld and increase the content of acicular ferrite in the weld, thereby significantly improving the toughness of the weld.

[0028] 2. The present invention also uses a binder in the electrode coating. The binder is prepared by adding high-temperature-resistant modified magnesium oxide to water glass and then compounding it with hydroxyethyl cellulose and lithium hydroxide. It can improve the high-temperature performance of the coating, inhibit the cracking of the coating at high temperatures. Among them, hydroxyethyl cellulose also has good plasticity and flexibility, and can form an emulsion film to block external moisture. When compounded with water glass as a binder, it can slow down the moisture absorption rate of water glass, reduce the brittleness of the coating, increase the high-temperature stability of the coating, and improve the comprehensive performance of the coating. Detailed Embodiment

[0029] The following content is a further detailed description of the present invention in combination with specific preferred embodiments. It cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is only limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which should all be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention. The specific conditions not specified in the examples are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional products obtained through commercial channels.

[0030] (I) Embodiment

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] Embodiment 1 provides an alkaline electrode for high-toughness high-strength steel, including a welding core and a coating covering the welding core; the coating is composed of a solid component and a liquid component. Among them, the solid component is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of marble, 30 parts of fluorite, 8 parts of carbonate, 6 parts of ferromanganese, 5 parts of sodium fluoride, 3 parts of phlogopite, and 3 parts of high-entropy rare-earth oxide; the liquid component is a binder, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of modified potassium-sodium water glass, 18 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, and 2 parts of lithium hydroxide. The liquid component accounts for 22% of the mass of the solid component. The welding core of the present invention can be the same as the composition of the high-strength steel substrate.

[0033] The specific preparation process of the above high-entropy rare-earth oxide is as follows:

[0034] (1) Weigh each nitrate according to the molar ratio of La(NO3)3, Ce(NO3)3, Nd(NO3)3, Sm(NO3)3, Gd(NO3)3 of 1:1:1:1:1. Then, according to the ratio of the total mass of the rare-earth nitrate raw materials to absolute ethanol and deionized water of 1g:5mL:50mL, add the rare-earth nitrate raw materials to the mixed solvent of absolute ethanol and deionized water to obtain a mixed solution;

[0035] (2) Add liquid ammonia to the mixed solution. The molar ratio of nitrate in the mixed solution to liquid ammonia is 1:1.8. Stir at 400r / min for 1h, and filter to obtain a precipitate;

[0036] (3) Mix the precipitate with n-pentanol at a ratio of 1 g:20 mL, and perform rotary evaporation at 60 °C to obtain precursor powder;

[0037] (4) Place the precursor in an alumina crucible and sinter it in a muffle furnace at 1100 °C for 3 h with a heating rate of 5 °C / min. After taking it out and grinding, high-entropy rare earth oxides with a particle diameter of 50 nm are obtained.

[0038] The specific preparation process of the above-mentioned modified potassium-sodium water glass is as follows:

[0039] (a) Add magnesium oxide to the toluene solution of 3-hydroxypropyltrimethoxysilane and stir at 400 r / min for 10 h; after filtration, dry at 80 °C for 4 h to obtain modified magnesium oxide; the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to silane coupling agent is 10:1;

[0040] (b) Add potassium silicate, sodium silicate and modified magnesium oxide to deionized water and stir at 70 °C and 400 r / min for 1 h to obtain modified potassium-sodium water glass; the mass ratio of potassium silicate, sodium silicate and modified magnesium oxide is 100:25:1, the modulus of potassium silicate is 2.8, and the modulus of sodium silicate is 2.4.

[0041] Example 1 also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned high-toughness and high-strength steel basic electrode. Taking the H785D model steel plate as an example, the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0042] Perform drawing and cutting on the H785D model steel plate, polish and clean it with acetone to remove surface oil and rust to obtain a welding core; mix the liquid components in the coating according to the above ratio evenly to obtain a binder; mix the solid components in the coating according to the above ratio, and then add the binder and stir evenly to obtain a viscous coating; extrude and coat the viscous coating on the welding core to form a coating, dry it at room temperature, and then perform drying treatment. The drying treatment process is to keep it at 150 °C for 1 h, then raise the temperature to 250 °C and keep it for 1 h, and then cool the furnace to room temperature to obtain a high-toughness and high-strength steel basic electrode.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] Example 2 provides a high-toughness and high-strength steel basic electrode, including a welding core and a coating covering the welding core; the coating is composed of a mixture of solid components and liquid components. The solid components are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 42 parts of marble, 33 parts of fluorite, 7 parts of carbonate, 7 parts of ferromanganese, 5 parts of sodium fluoride, 3 parts of phlogopite, and 3 parts of high-entropy rare earth oxides; the liquid component is a binder, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 82 parts of modified potassium-sodium water glass, 17 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, and 1 part of lithium hydroxide. The liquid component accounts for 21% of the mass of the solid component. The welding core of the present invention can be the same as the composition of the high-strength steel base material.

[0045] The specific preparation process of the above high-entropy rare earth oxide is as follows:

[0046] (1) Weigh each nitrate of La(NO3)3, Ce(NO3)3, Nd(NO3)3, Sm(NO3)3, Gd(NO3)3, and Y(NO3)3 according to the molar ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1. Then, according to the ratio of the total mass of the rare earth nitrate raw materials to anhydrous ethanol and deionized water of 1 g:8 mL:60 mL, add the rare earth nitrate raw materials to the mixed solvent of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water to obtain a mixed solution.

[0047] (2) Add liquid ammonia to the mixed solution. The molar ratio of nitrate in the mixed solution to liquid ammonia is 1:1.5. Stir at 400 r / min for 2 h, and then perform suction filtration to obtain a precipitate.

[0048] (3) Mix the precipitate with n-pentanol at a ratio of 1 g:15 mL, and perform rotary evaporation at 60 °C to obtain a precursor powder.

[0049] (4) Place the precursor in an alumina crucible, sinter it in a muffle furnace at 1000 °C for 2 h, with a heating rate of 5 °C / min. After taking it out and grinding, high-entropy rare earth oxide with a particle diameter of 20 nm is obtained.

[0050] The specific preparation process of the above modified potassium-sodium water glass is as follows:

[0051] (a) Add magnesium oxide to the toluene solution of 3-hydroxypropyltrimethoxysilane, stir at a speed of 400 r / min for 11 h; after filtration, dry it at 80 °C for 4 h to obtain modified magnesium oxide; the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to the silane coupling agent is 11:1.

[0052] (b) Add potassium silicate, sodium silicate, and modified magnesium oxide to deionized water, and stir at 70 °C and 400 r / min for 1 h to obtain modified potassium-sodium water glass; the mass ratio of potassium silicate, sodium silicate, and modified magnesium oxide is 100:20:0.8, the modulus of potassium silicate is 2.7, and the modulus of sodium silicate is 2.3.

[0053] Example 2 also provides a preparation method of the above high-toughness and high-strength steel basic electrode. Taking the H785D model steel plate as an example, the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0054] The steel plate of model H785D is drawn and cut, ground, and cleaned with acetone to remove surface oil and rust, obtaining a welding core; the liquid components in the coating are mixed evenly according to the described ratio to obtain a binder; the solid components in the coating are mixed according to the described ratio, and then the binder is added and stirred evenly to obtain a viscous coating; the viscous coating is extruded and coated on the welding core to form a coating, dried at room temperature, and then subjected to a drying treatment, where the drying treatment process is to keep warm at 150 °C for 1 h, then raise the temperature to 250 °C and keep warm for 1 h, and then cool the furnace to room temperature to obtain an alkaline electrode for high-toughness high-strength steel.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] Example 3 provides an alkaline electrode for high-toughness high-strength steel, including a welding core and a coating covering the welding core; the coating is composed of a solid component and a liquid component. The solid component consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of marble, 25 parts of fluorite, 10 parts of carbonate, 7 parts of ferromanganese, 4 parts of sodium fluoride, 2 parts of phlogopite, and 2 parts of high-entropy rare earth oxide; the liquid component is a binder, which consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 78 parts of modified potassium-sodium water glass, 20 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, and 2 parts of lithium hydroxide. The liquid component accounts for 24% of the mass of the solid component. The welding core of the present invention can be the same as the composition of the high-strength steel substrate.

[0057] The specific preparation process of the above high-entropy rare earth oxide is as follows:

[0058] (1) Weigh each nitrate of La(NO3)3, Ce(NO3)3, Nd(NO3)3, Sm(NO3)3, Gd(NO3)3, Y(NO3)3, and Er(NO3)3 according to a molar ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:1:1, and then according to the ratio of the total mass of the rare earth nitrate raw materials to absolute ethanol and deionized water of 1 g:10 mL:80 mL, add the rare earth nitrate raw materials to the mixed solvent of absolute ethanol and deionized water to obtain a mixed solution;

[0059] (2) Add liquid ammonia to the mixed solution, and the molar ratio of nitrate in the mixed solution to liquid ammonia is 1:2. Stir at 400 r / min for 1 h, and filter to obtain a precipitate;

[0060] (3) Mix the precipitate with n-pentanol at a ratio of 1 g:10 mL, and perform a rotary evaporation treatment at 60 °C to obtain a precursor powder;

[0061] (4) Place the precursor in an alumina crucible, sinter at 1100 °C for 3 h through a muffle furnace, with a heating rate of 5 °C / min, take out and grind to obtain high-entropy rare earth oxide with a particle diameter of 100 nm.

[0062] The specific preparation process of the above modified potassium-sodium water glass is as follows:

[0063] (a) Add magnesium oxide to the toluene solution of 3-hydroxypropyltriethoxysilane, with a stirring speed of 400 r / min and a stirring time of 12 h; after stirring, place it in an oven at 80 °C for drying for 4 h to obtain modified magnesium oxide; the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to silane coupling agent is 12:1;

[0064] (b) Add potassium silicate, sodium silicate and modified magnesium oxide to deionized water, and stir at 70 °C and 400 r / min for 1 h to obtain modified potassium-sodium water glass; the mass ratio of potassium silicate, sodium silicate and modified magnesium oxide is 100:20:0.5, the modulus of potassium silicate is 2.9, and the modulus of sodium silicate is 2.5.

[0065] Example 3 also provides a method for preparing the above high-toughness high-strength steel basic electrode. Taking the H785D model steel plate as an example, the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0066] Perform drawing and cutting on the H785D model steel plate, grind it and clean it with acetone to remove surface oil and rust to obtain a welding core; mix the liquid components in the coating evenly according to the specified weight to obtain a binder; configure the solid components in the coating according to the ratio, stir and mix evenly, add the binder to the evenly stirred solid components, stir and mix evenly to obtain a viscous coating, extrude and coat the viscous coating on the welding core to form a coating, and after air drying, perform drying treatment, where the drying treatment process is 150 °C, keep warm for 1 h, then raise the temperature to 250 °C, keep warm for 1 h, and then cool in the furnace to room temperature. Obtain a high-toughness high-strength steel basic electrode.

[0067] (II) Comparative Examples

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] Comparative Example 1 is basically the same as Example 1, and the difference is that: the high-entropy rare earth oxide in Example 1 is replaced with an equal amount of CeO2.

[0070] Comparative Example 2

[0071] Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, and the difference is that: the high-entropy rare earth oxide in Example 1 is replaced with a mixture of an equal amount of La2O3 and CeO2, and the mass ratio of La2O3 to CeO2 is 1:1.

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, and the difference is that: the modified magnesium oxide in Example 1 is replaced with an equal amount of magnesium oxide.

[0074] (III) Test Examples

[0075] The properties of the basic electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are detected as follows.

[0076] The alkaline electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were used to weld the H785D type steel plate, and the welding process parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0077] (1) Diffusion hydrogen content detection: After welding, the diffusion hydrogen content of the deposited metal in each group was detected in accordance with GB / T3965-2012 "Determination Method of Diffusion Hydrogen in Deposited Metal".

[0078] (2) Mechanical properties: After welding, the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation after fracture of the deposited metal in each group were detected in accordance with GB / T2652-2008 "Tensile Test Method for Welds and Deposited Metals", and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0079] (3) Process performance: The welding process records are shown in Table 4.

[0080] Table 1 Welding parameters of deposited metal

[0081] Welding specifications (mm) Welding current I (A) Welding voltage U (V) Welding speed (cm / min) Φ4.0 130～150 22～25 15～18

[0082] Table 2 Diffusion hydrogen content of deposited metal of electrodes in examples and comparative examples of the present invention

[0083] Group Measured value mL / 100g Example 1 1.65 Example 2 1.63 Example 3 1.59 Comparative example 1 2.31 Comparative example 2 2.19 Comparative example 3 1.69

[0084] Table 3 Mechanical properties of deposited metal of electrodes in examples and comparative examples of the present invention

[0085] Group Yield strength ReL (MPa) Tensile strength Rm (MPa) Elongation A (%) Example 1 495 580 29 Example 2 501 585 30 Example 3 506 587 32 Comparative example 1 468 553 22 Comparative example 2 474 561 24 Comparative example 3 482 570 28

[0086] Table 4 Test results of welding process performance of electrodes

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] As can be seen from Tables 2 to 4, when welding with the high-toughness high-strength steel alkaline electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, the diffusion hydrogen content is low, the weld has excellent strength and toughness, and in addition, there is no tail red and slag skin cracking phenomenon during welding, and the weld formation is good.

[0090] Compared with Example 1, in Comparative Example 1, the high-entropy rare earth oxide was replaced with CeO2. In Comparative Example 2, the high-entropy rare earth oxide was replaced with a mixture of La2O3 and CeO2 in equal amounts. In Comparative Example 3, the binder was replaced with a mixture of potassium-sodium water glass and magnesium oxide. When welding with the electrodes obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 2, the diffusible hydrogen content increased significantly, and the strength and toughness of the welds deteriorated significantly. When welding with the electrode obtained in Comparative Example 3, the process performance was poor, such as tail red and spatter. Analyzing the reasons, it can be seen that in the electrode coating of the present invention, by adding high-entropy rare earth oxide particles and performing high-entropy treatment on the rare earth oxide, its high-temperature stability can be improved, and thus the desorption of diffusible hydrogen can be inhibited at the welding temperature. At the same time, the high-entropy rare earth oxide particles can refine the alloy structure of the weld and increase the content of acicular ferrite in the weld, thereby significantly improving the toughness of the weld. In addition, by adding high-temperature-resistant modified magnesium oxide to the water glass and compounding it with hydroxyethyl cellulose and lithium hydroxide to prepare the binder, the high-temperature performance of the coating can be improved, the cracking of the coating at high temperature can be inhibited, and hydroxyethyl cellulose also has good plasticity and flexibility, and can form an emulsion film to block external moisture. When compounded with water glass as the binder, it can slow down the moisture absorption rate of the water glass, reduce the brittleness of the coating, increase the high-temperature stability of the coating, and improve the comprehensive performance of the coating.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. The basic principles and main features of the present invention have been described in the above specific implementation manners. On the basis of the present invention, some modifications or substitutions can be made, but these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the present invention claimed.

Claims

1. An alkaline electrode for high-toughness high-strength steel, characterized in that: It includes a welding core and a coating, and the coating is formed by mixing solid components and liquid components; the solid components include raw materials in the following parts by weight: 42-50 parts of marble, 25-33 parts of fluorite, 7-10 parts of carbonate, 5-7 parts of ferromanganese, 4-5 parts of sodium fluoride, 2-3 parts of phlogopite, 2-3 parts of high-entropy rare earth oxide; the liquid component is a binder, including raw materials in the following parts by weight: 78-82 parts of modified potassium-sodium water glass, 17-20 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 1-2 parts of lithium hydroxide; the liquid component accounts for 21-24% of the mass of the solid components.

2. The high-toughness and high-strength steel basic electrode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the high-entropy rare earth oxide includes the following steps: (1) Weigh each rare earth nitrate raw material according to an equimolar ratio, add ethanol and water to dissolve, and obtain a mixed solution; (2) Add liquid ammonia to the mixed solution and stir to react, and filter to obtain a precipitate; (3) Mix the precipitate with n-pentanol and perform rotary evaporation treatment to obtain a precursor powder; (4) Sinter the precursor powder at 1000-1100 °C for 2-3 h, and grind to obtain the high-entropy rare earth oxide.

3. The high-toughness and high-strength basic electrode for steel according to claim 2, wherein: The particle size of the high-entropy rare earth oxide is 20-100 nm.

4. The high-toughness and high-strength basic electrode for steel according to claim 2, wherein: In step (1), each rare earth nitrate raw material is selected from at least 5 of La(NO3)3, Ce(NO3)3, Nd(NO3)3, Sm(NO3)3, Gd(NO3)3, Y(NO3)3, Er(NO3)3; the ratio of the total mass of each rare earth nitrate raw material to ethanol and water is 1 g: (5-10) mL: (50-80) mL; the temperature of the rotary evaporation is 40-60 °C.

5. The high-toughness and high-strength steel basic electrode according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the molar ratio of nitrate radical to liquid ammonia in the mixed solution is 1: (1.5-2); the stirring reaction time is 1-2 h; in step (3), the dosage ratio of the precipitate to n-pentanol is 1 g: (10-20) mL.

6. The basic electrode for high toughness and high strength steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified potassium-sodium water glass includes the following steps: (a) Add magnesium oxide to the silane coupling agent solution, stir to react, and dry to obtain modified magnesium oxide; (b) Add potassium silicate, sodium silicate and modified magnesium oxide to water, heat and stir to react to obtain modified potassium-sodium water glass.

7. The basic electrode for high-toughness and high-strength steel according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (a), the silane coupling agent is 3-hydroxypropyltrimethoxysilane or 3-hydroxypropyltriethoxysilane; the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to the silane coupling agent is (10-12):1; the solvent of the silane coupling agent solution is toluene; the stirring time is 10-12 h; the drying temperature is 80-90 °C and the time is 4-5 h.

8. The high-toughness and high-strength basic electrode for steel according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (b), the mass ratio of potassium silicate, sodium silicate and modified magnesium oxide is 100: (20-25): (0.5-1); the heating and stirring temperature is 50-70 °C and the time is 1-2 h; the modulus of potassium silicate is 2.7-2.9, and the modulus of sodium silicate is 2.3-2.

5.

9. The preparation method of the high-toughness and high-strength steel basic electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: The high-strength steel is drawn, cut, polished and cleaned to obtain a welding core; the liquid components in the coating are mixed evenly according to the said weight parts to obtain a binder; the solid components in the coating are mixed according to the said weight parts, and then the binder is added and stirred evenly to obtain a viscous coating; the viscous coating is coated on the welding core to form a coating, and after air drying, it is dried to obtain a high-toughness high-strength steel basic electrode.

10. The preparation method of the high-toughness and high-strength steel basic electrode according to claim 9, characterized in that: The process of the drying treatment is as follows: first, it is kept warm at 140 - 160 °C for 0.5 - 1.5 h, and then the temperature is raised to 240 - 260 °C and kept warm for 0.5 - 1.5 h.

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