Preparation method of titanium / steel heterogeneous material with thin titanium layer

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer, and belongs to the technical field of metal-based composite material preparation. The preparation method comprises the following steps that S1, a steel plate is subjected to surface treatment, so that the surface of the steel plate is smooth and free of corrosion, and the steel plate is fixed in ultrasonic compound equipment; s2, preparing a metal intermediate layer on the surface of the steel plate through ultrasonic compounding by taking a metal foil as a raw material; and S3, taking titanium foil as a raw material, and preparing a thin titanium layer on the surface of the metal intermediate layer through ultrasonic compounding. According to the preparation method, ultrasonic energy is converted into high-frequency vibration through a transducer, interlayer friction is generated on a metal interface, local plastic deformation and atomic diffusion are promoted, solid metallurgical bonding between metals is achieved, the structure of the prepared titanium / steel heterostructure material is compact, metallurgical bonding between heterogeneous interfaces can be achieved, and the service life of the titanium / steel heterostructure material is prolonged. And generation of brittle intermetallic compounds can be avoided. The interface mechanical property and the corrosion resistance are excellent, and the good application prospect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of preparation of metal matrix composites, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer. Background Art

[0002] Titanium / steel heterogeneous structure materials combine titanium or titanium alloy with steel through specific preparation methods to form composite materials with different physical, chemical and mechanical properties, making them have both the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium materials and the structural stability of steel materials, with high strength, high toughness and high corrosion resistance, while reducing the application cost of titanium materials. They have been widely used in many engineering fields such as subsea data centers, ship hulls, nuclear power condensers, engine blades, etc.

[0003] At present, the technologies for preparing titanium / steel heterogeneous structure materials mainly include explosive cladding technology, rolling cladding technology and high-energy beam technology. Among them, explosive cladding technology requires special sites and safety measures, has noise pollution and safety hazards, and the thickness of the prepared titanium layer is usually greater than 2 mm, increasing the manufacturing cost. Rolling cladding technology requires high-energy heating, has a long embryo-forming process and needs to be carried out under vacuum environmental conditions, undoubtedly increasing the manufacturing cost, and the yield is affected by interface defects. The combination of explosive cladding technology and rolling technology often cannot avoid the generation of brittle phases at the titanium / steel heterogeneous interface, resulting in a decrease in interface bonding strength. High-energy beam technology can use plasma beams and laser beams as heat sources to melt titanium powder and prepare it on the steel surface, but the instantaneous temperature at the titanium / steel interface can reach 2000 °C, easily generating large thermal stress and thermal diffusion, resulting in a decrease in the interface performance of the material.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above problems existing in the preparation of current titanium / steel heterogeneous structure materials, it is of great significance to develop a preparation method for a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer, which has good interface performance, can avoid the generation of brittle phases, low energy consumption and low manufacturing cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer, so as to solve the problems of high energy consumption, high cost, high safety hazards, easy generation of brittle phases, low interface bonding strength and poor interface performance existing in the preparation methods of current titanium / steel heterogeneous structure materials.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows: A method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer, which includes the following steps: S1. Perform surface treatment on the steel plate to make the surface of the steel plate flat and free of rust, and fix the steel plate in an ultrasonic composite device; S2. Using a metal foil as a raw material, a metal intermediate layer is prepared on the surface of the steel plate by ultrasonic compounding; S3. Using a titanium foil as a raw material, a thin titanium layer is prepared on the surface of the metal intermediate layer by ultrasonic compounding, thus obtaining the product.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steel plate in step S1 is one of Q235 steel plate, Q345 steel, and 45# steel.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the steel plate in step S1 is 4 - 20 mm.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface treatment in step S1 is to polish the surface of the steel plate with sandpaper.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the metal foil in step S2 is one of Al, Cu, Ni, and Fe soft metal foils.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the metal foil in step S2 is 0.05 - 0.6 mm.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for ultrasonic compounding in step S2 are as follows: the ultrasonic amplitude is 18 - 25 μm, the compounding pressure is 1000 - 1800 N, and the compounding speed is 25 - 50 mm / s.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the titanium foil in step S3 is one of TA1, TA2, TC4 pure titanium foils or titanium alloy foils.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the titanium foil in step S3 is 0.1 - 2 mm.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for ultrasonic compounding in step S3 are as follows: the ultrasonic amplitude is 18 - 25 μm, the compounding pressure is 1500 - 3000 N, and the compounding speed is 20 - 45 mm / s.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The preparation method of the present invention converts ultrasonic energy into high-frequency vibration by using a transducer in an ultrasonic composite device, so as to generate interfacial friction between metals, promote local plastic deformation and atomic diffusion, and thus achieve solid-state metallurgical bonding between metals. By the preparation method of the present invention, a thin titanium layer with a thickness of 0.1-2 mm can be prepared on the surface of a steel plate, effectively reducing the application cost of titanium. At the same time, the structure of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material prepared by the preparation method of the present invention is dense, the interfacial composite rate can reach 100%, metallurgical bonding between heterogeneous interfaces can be achieved, and the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are excellent, having good application prospects. In addition, the preparation method of the present invention performs ultrasonic composite under low-temperature conditions, the instantaneous temperature during the preparation process is relatively low, the material will not be melted, the generation of brittle intermetallic compounds can be avoided, and it is beneficial to improve the interfacial mechanical properties of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional morphology diagram of the TA1 / Q235 steel heterogeneous structure material with a 0.1-mm-thick thin titanium layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional morphology diagram of the TA1 / No. 45 steel heterogeneous structure material with a 0.2-mm-thick thin titanium layer prepared in Example 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional morphology diagram of the TA2 / Q235 steel heterogeneous structure material with a 1-mm-thick thin titanium layer prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 is an X-ray diffraction analysis diagram at the titanium / intermediate layer interface of the steel heterogeneous structure materials prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0019] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] As Figure 1 shown, the preparation method of the titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer provided by the present invention includes the following steps: S1. The surface of the steel plate is polished with sandpaper to make the surface of the steel plate flat and free of rust, and the steel plate is fixed in an ultrasonic composite device; S2. Using a metal foil as a raw material, a metal intermediate layer is prepared on the surface of the steel plate by ultrasonic composite; S3. Using a titanium foil as a raw material, a thin titanium layer is prepared on the surface of the metal intermediate layer by ultrasonic composite, and thus obtained.

[0021] The steel plate in step S1 is a low-cost carbon steel sheet or medium-thick plate, preferably one of Q235 steel plate, Q345 steel, and 45# steel; the thickness of the steel plate is 4-20 mm. The metal foil in step S2 is one of Al, Cu, Ni, and Fe soft metal foils; the thickness of the metal foil is 0.05-0.6 mm. The titanium foil in step S3 is one of TA1, TA2, and TC4 pure titanium foils or titanium alloy foils; the thickness of the titanium foil is 0.1-2 mm.

[0022] In order to determine the appropriate ultrasonic composite parameters, during the R & D process, the applicant screened the ultrasonic composite conditions in the preparation processes of the metal intermediate layer and the thin titanium layer respectively. By taking different combinations of ultrasonic amplitude, composite pressure, and composite speed parameters as single factors for single comparative experiments, the bonding effects between the metal intermediate layer and the steel plate surface or between the thin titanium layer and the metal intermediate layer were investigated. The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively.

[0023] Table 1 Screening data of ultrasonic composite parameters for the metal intermediate layer

[0024] As can be seen from Table 1, when the ultrasonic composite conditions of the metal intermediate layer in step S2 are: ultrasonic amplitude is 18-25 μm, composite pressure is 1000-1800 N, and composite speed is 25-50 mm / s, the metal intermediate layer and the steel plate surface have a good bonding effect.

[0025] Table 2 Screening data of ultrasonic composite parameters for the thin titanium layer

[0026] As can be seen from Table 2, when the ultrasonic composite conditions of the thin titanium layer in step S3 are: ultrasonic amplitude is 18-25 μm, composite pressure is 1500-3000 N, and composite speed is 20-45 mm / s, the thin titanium layer and the metal intermediate layer have a good bonding effect.

[0027] Example 1 A preparation method of a TA1 / Q235 steel heterogeneous material with a 0.1-mm-thick thin titanium layer, which includes the following steps: S1. Use 80# sandpaper to polish the surface of a 10-mm-thick Q235 steel plate to make the steel plate surface flat and free of rust. Subsequently, clean the steel plate surface with ethanol and fix the steel plate on the ultrasonic composite equipment.

[0028] S2. Using a 0.15-mm-thick pure aluminum metal foil as the raw material, prepare a pure aluminum intermediate layer on the Q235 steel surface by ultrasonic composite under the ultrasonic composite conditions of ultrasonic amplitude of 18 μm, composite pressure of 1100 N, and composite speed of 38 mm / s; S3. Using a TA1 titanium foil with a thickness of 0.1 mm as the raw material, a thin titanium layer is prepared on the surface of the pure aluminum intermediate layer by ultrasonic compounding under the ultrasonic compounding conditions of an ultrasonic amplitude of 18 μm, a compound pressure of 1800 N, and a compound speed of 35 mm / s, to obtain a metallurgically bonded titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material.

[0029] The cross-sectional morphology of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material prepared in this example is tested, and the results are as Figure 2 shown. From Figure 2 the cross-sectional morphology, it can be seen that the prepared material has no defects and has good bonding performance. The ultrasonic flaw detection is carried out on the prepared titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material by the immersion method in GB / T 8547-2019 "Titanium-steel composite plate", and the area bonding rate of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material is measured to be 100%.

[0030] Example 2 A preparation method of a TA1 / 45 steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer of 0.2 mm, which includes the following steps: S1. Use 80# sandpaper to polish the surface of a 12-mm-thick 45 steel plate to make the surface of the steel plate flat and free of rust. Then, use ethanol to clean the surface of the steel plate and fix the steel plate on the ultrasonic compounding equipment.

[0031] S2. Using a pure aluminum metal foil with a thickness of 0.2 mm as the raw material, a pure aluminum intermediate layer is prepared on the surface of the 45 steel by ultrasonic compounding under the ultrasonic compounding conditions of an ultrasonic amplitude of 18 μm, a compound pressure of 1200 N, and a compound speed of 35 mm / s; S3. Using a TA1 titanium foil with a thickness of 0.2 mm as the raw material, a thin titanium layer is prepared on the surface of the pure aluminum intermediate layer by ultrasonic compounding under the ultrasonic compounding conditions of an ultrasonic amplitude of 18 μm, a compound pressure of 1800 N, and a compound speed of 32 mm / s, to obtain a metallurgically bonded titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material.

[0032] The cross-sectional morphology of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material prepared in this example is tested, and the results are as Figure 3 shown. From Figure 3 the cross-sectional morphology, it can be seen that the prepared material has no defects and has good bonding performance. The ultrasonic flaw detection is carried out on the prepared titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material by the immersion method in GB / T 8547-2019 "Titanium-steel composite plate", and the area bonding rate of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material is measured to be 100%.

[0033] Example 3 A preparation method of a TA2 / Q235 steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer of 1 mm, which includes the following steps: S1. Use 80# sandpaper to polish the surface of a 6-mm-thick Q235 steel plate to make the surface of the steel plate flat and free of rust. Subsequently, clean the surface of the steel plate with ethanol and fix the steel plate on an ultrasonic composite device.

[0034] S2. Use a 0.15-mm-thick pure aluminum metal foil as the raw material, and prepare a pure aluminum intermediate layer on the surface of Q235 steel by ultrasonic composite under the ultrasonic composite conditions of an ultrasonic amplitude of 20 μm, a composite pressure of 1100 N, and a composite speed of 36 mm / s. S3. Use a 0.1-mm-thick TA2 titanium foil as the raw material, and prepare a thin titanium layer on the surface of the pure aluminum intermediate layer by ultrasonic composite under the ultrasonic composite conditions of an ultrasonic amplitude of 20 μm, a composite pressure of 2200 N, and a composite speed of 32 mm / s to obtain a metallurgically bonded titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material.

[0035] Perform a cross-sectional morphology test on the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material prepared in this example. The results are as Figure 4 shown. From Figure 4 the cross-sectional morphology, it can be seen that the prepared material has no defects and good bonding performance. Perform ultrasonic flaw detection on the prepared titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material by the immersion method in GB / T 8547-2019 "Titanium-steel composite plates", and the area bonding rate of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure material is measured to be 100%.

[0036] Interface mechanical property test 1. Determine the bonding strength of the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure materials prepared in Examples 1-3 by the adhesive method in GB / T 8642 "Thermal spraying - Determination of tensile adhesive strength". The results are shown in Table 3.

[0037] Table 3 Bonding strength of titanium / steel heterogeneous structure materials

[0038] From the data in Table 3, it can be seen that due to the limited strength of the film, the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure materials prepared in Examples 1-3 all fractured at the film, but the actual bonding strength of the materials is greater than the fracture value.

[0039] 2. Polish the titanium / steel heterogeneous structure materials prepared in Examples 1-3 to the titanium / intermediate layer interface, and use X-ray diffraction to analyze the composition of this interface. The results are as Figure 5 shown.

[0040] Figure 5 The results of

[0041] The above embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention cannot be limited thereby. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Perform surface treatment on the steel plate to make the surface of the steel plate flat and free of rust, and fix the steel plate in the ultrasonic composite equipment; S2. Use the metal foil as the raw material and prepare a metal intermediate layer on the surface of the steel plate through ultrasonic composite; S3. Use the titanium foil as the raw material and prepare a thin titanium layer on the surface of the metal intermediate layer through ultrasonic composite, thus obtaining the product.

2. The preparation method of the titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel plate described in step S1 is one of Q235 steel plate, Q345 steel, and 45# steel.

3. The method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the steel plate described in step S1 is 4 - 20 mm.

4. The method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface treatment described in step S1 is to polish the surface of the steel plate with sandpaper.

5. The method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal foil described in step S2 is one of Al, Cu, Ni, and Fe soft metal foils.

6. The method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: The thickness of the metal foil described in step S2 is 0.05 - 0.6 mm.

7. The method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conditions of the ultrasonic composite in step S2 are as follows: the ultrasonic amplitude is 18 - 25 μm, the composite pressure is 1000 - 1800 N, and the composite speed is 25 - 50 mm / s.

8. The method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The titanium foil described in step S3 is one of TA1, TA2, TC4 pure titanium foils or titanium alloy foils.

9. The method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: The thickness of the titanium foil described in step S3 is 0.1 - 2 mm.

10. The method for preparing a titanium / steel heterogeneous material with a thin titanium layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conditions of the ultrasonic composite in step S3 are as follows: the ultrasonic amplitude is 18 - 25 μm, the composite pressure is 1500 - 3000 N, and the composite speed is 20 - 45 mm / s.

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