Rapid decomposition and emission reduction method for sheep breeding feces

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of breeding environment control, in particular to a rapid decomposition and emission reduction method for sheep breeding feces. The method comprises the steps of sheep in-situ organic padding breeding, high-temperature aerobic composting and decomposition aging. The particle size of the organic padding is smaller than 5 cm, the water content is 5-10%, and the laying thickness is 5-20 cm. According to the rapid composting and emission reduction method for the sheep breeding feces, the animal breeding welfare can be improved in the padding breeding stage, and emission of more than 50% of ammonia gas is reduced; a high compost temperature (greater than 65 DEG C) can be formed in a high-temperature aerobic composting stage, the degree of decomposition is rapidly improved, plant toxic substances and biological pathogenic bacteria are reduced, and the seed germination index (GI) of a compost product reaches 136%; in the decomposition and aging stage, the humification effect of the compost is obviously improved, and the quality of a manure fermentation product is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of breeding environment control, and particularly relates to a method for rapid composting and emission reduction of sheep breeding manure and sewage. Background Art

[0002] At present, the sheep breeding industry is showing a rapid development trend of scale and intensification, and the scale of sheep breeding is constantly increasing. This has led to a sharp increase in the output of sheep manure. If the sheep manure is not treated in a timely and effective manner, it will have a serious adverse impact on the agricultural ecological environment. Therefore, with the advocacy and implementation of ecological breeding, strengthening the treatment and resource utilization of sheep manure and sewage is crucial for preventing pollution. In the traditional indoor sheep breeding mode, the hard ground breeding method is mostly adopted, which not only cannot completely solve the problem of sheep breeding pollution, but also affects the growth performance of sheep and reduces the breeding welfare.

[0003] The bedding breeding method is an ecological breeding method. According to the microecological theory, it uses biological fermentation technology to lay agricultural by-products as bedding in the sheep house, and uses the bedding as a carrier to adsorb the excreta in the breeding process and rapidly ferment and degrade them by microorganisms, so as to improve the air quality in the pen and the breeding welfare of sheep. However, with the addition of substances such as salts, heavy metals, and antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases and growth promotion in the sheep breeding process and the adjustment of the feed structure, the unabsorbed part through the intestine will be excreted with feces and urine, and risk pollutants such as pathogenic bacteria in the manure and sewage will continuously accumulate in the bedding, which will all have an adverse impact on the subsequent breeding process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for rapid composting and emission reduction of sheep breeding manure and sewage, and realizes the control of the breeding environment of ruminants by constructing a whole-process efficient composting and emission reduction technology system for sheep breeding manure and sewage.

[0005] The present invention studies and finds that in the existing bedding breeding system, there are problems such as low bedding breeding temperature, inability to achieve complete harmlessness and composting after in-situ fermentation of the bedding, and still being affected by high salts and high pollutants. Therefore, in order to reduce the content of phytotoxic substances, the present invention adopts the high-temperature aerobic composting technology after the in-situ organic bedding breeding process of sheep, rapidly inactivates pathogenic bacteria, etc., and realizes the resource utilization on-site and nearby.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a method for rapid composting and emission reduction of sheep breeding manure and sewage, including:

[0007] Sheep in-situ organic bedding breeding, high-temperature aerobic composting and composting and aging.

[0008] Further, the organic bedding is a biomass organic material.

[0009] Further, the biomass organic material is corn straw or sawdust.

[0010] Further, the particle size of the organic bedding is less than 5 cm, the water content is 5-10%, and the laying thickness is 5-20 cm.

[0011] Further, during the process of raising sheep in the in-situ organic bedding, the pens are cleaned every 30-45 days to collect the fermentation products of the bedding manure.

[0012] Further, the high-temperature aerobic composting includes: using the fermentation products of the bedding manure generated during the process of raising sheep in the in-situ organic bedding to carry out high-temperature aerobic composting under the condition of external ventilation and aeration.

[0013] Further, before the high-temperature aerobic composting, the water content of the fermentation products of the bedding manure is adjusted to 40-60%;

[0014] The ventilation volume of the high-temperature aerobic composting is 0.1-0.2 L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , and the composting time is 8-15 days.

[0015] Further, the ripening and aging include:

[0016] Performing static secondary stacking and ripening on the composting products obtained by the high-temperature aerobic composting, and without ventilation and turning.

[0017] In the second aspect, the present invention provides the application of the method in the harmless treatment of sheep manure resources;

[0018] The application preferably includes: killing pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds by increasing the composting temperature.

[0019] The present invention further provides the application of the method in improving the maturity of sheep manure resources;

[0020] The application preferably includes: increasing the seed germination index.

[0021] The present invention further provides the application of the method in reducing the ammonia emission during the process of raising sheep.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The present invention uses corn straw and sawdust to prepare an organic bedding breeding bed, improves the breeding environment of the pens, realizes ammonia emission reduction, and compared with the hard ground breeding method, the ammonia emission can be reduced by more than 50%. Controls phytotoxic substances, adopts a rapid pen cleaning method every 30-45 days, avoids the large accumulation of phytotoxic substances such as salts, and controls the EC value between 7-8 mS·cm -1 between.

[0024] (2) The high-temperature aerobic composting process provided by the present invention enables the temperature of the compost pile to rise to 65 - 70 °C within 1 - 3 days and be maintained for more than 3 days, achieving the harmlessness of composting. The seed germination index (GI) is increased from 0% - 5% (fermentation product of bedding manure) to 40% - 60% (high-temperature aerobic composting product). The EC value drops to between 5 - 6 mS·cm -1 , and the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) decrease by more than 50% and 40% respectively.

[0025] (3) The ripening and aging process provided by the present invention can significantly improve the quality of the ripened compost product. After 30 - 40 days of stacking and storage, the seed germination index increases from 40% - 60% to 136%.

[0026] (4) The method for rapid ripening of sheep manure provided by the present invention can effectively improve the ripening degree of the fermentation product of sheep manure and reduce the ammonia emission, which has important significance in the field of sheep breeding environment control. Description of the Drawings

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0028] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method for high-efficiency conversion and emission reduction of the whole process of sheep in-situ organic bedding breeding - high-temperature aerobic composting - ripening and aging provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the temperature change in the whole process of sheep in-situ organic bedding breeding - high-temperature aerobic composting - ripening and aging provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the ammonia emission change in the whole process of sheep in-situ organic bedding breeding - high-temperature aerobic composting - ripening and aging provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the seed germination index in the whole process of sheep in-situ organic bedding breeding - high-temperature aerobic composting - ripening and aging provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the change in the conductivity content in the whole process of sheep in-situ organic bedding breeding - high-temperature aerobic composting - ripening and aging provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the changes in soluble carbon and nitrogen contents during the whole process of in-situ organic bedding breeding - high-temperature aerobic composting - ripening and aging of sheep provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the changes in conductivity content and seed germination index during the breeding process on a hardened ground and straw bedding provided in Test Example 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the changes in temperature and seed germination index during the high-temperature aerobic composting of pure sheep manure and sheep manure mixed with straw provided in Test Example 2 of the present invention; in the figure, sheep manure + straw means sheep manure + corn straw, that is, the bedding breeding method shown in Embodiment 1. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] Embodiment 1

[0038] 1. Test materials and design

[0039] The test process is as Figure 1 shown, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0040] (1) In-situ organic bedding breeding of sheep: Using pure sheep manure as the composting raw material, an organic bedding breeding bed is prepared by using corn straw and sawdust. The basic properties are shown in Table 1. The corn straw is crushed into 1 - 5 cm, the moisture content is adjusted to 10%, the particle size of the sawdust is less than 5 mm, and the laying thickness is 10 cm to simulate organic bedding breeding. Three treatments are set in the test, namely: laying corn straw, sawdust and a hardened ground. Except for whether to lay bedding, the other composting conditions are the same. 262 g of sheep manure and 79 g of sheep urine are added every day. The addition amount is calculated according to the sheep breeding density of 1.5 m 2 / sheep - 2.0 m 2 / sheep, the production and pollution discharge coefficients are 2.0 kg / sheep·day for sheep manure and 0.6 kg / sheep·day for sheep urine, and the area of the fermentation barrel is 19.30 dm 2 Calculated, to be more in line with the actual breeding situation (the agglomeration distribution of sheep feces), 2 times the fecal and urine production is used in this study, and a gravity hammer (20 kg) is used to simulate the trampling of sheep hooves to mix and compact the sheep manure and urine with the bedding. The lid of the barrel is covered in the time period from 7:00 to 10:00, and the barrel body is in a closed state to gather polluted gases. After 10:00, the gas is collected and measured in the No. A barrel of each treatment, and the fermentation barrel is open for fermentation at other times.

[0041] The test period was 45 d. Sampling was carried out at 5 points for each treatment on the 0th, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th and 45th d to determine the seed germination index, electrical conductivity, water-soluble carbon and nitrogen. The temperature was monitored every day, and the NH3 content was measured.

[0042] Table 1 Basic properties of the initial compost materials

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] (2) Aerobic composting at high temperature: The ventilation mode of aerobic composting at high temperature was mechanical forced ventilation with intermittent ventilation. The ventilation rate was dynamically adjusted according to the pile temperature (0.1 - 0.2 m 3 ·h -1 ). The composting cycle at this stage was when the pile temperature was close to room temperature, about 10 days. All treatments were carried out in a 100 L airtight compost fermentation tank, which was made of plastic with a cylindrical structure, wrapped with thermal insulation materials on the outside, sealed at the top, 80 cm in height, and 35 - 50 cm in outer diameter.

[0046] The turning time was on the 5th and 10th d. The temperature and downflow were monitored every day, and the NH3 content of the gas at the outlet was measured. Solid samples were collected on the 0th, 5th and 10th d, and sampling was carried out at 5 points, that is, samples were collected at the center and four corners, with a total of about 500 g. The seed germination index, electrical conductivity, water-soluble carbon and nitrogen were measured, and the temperature was monitored every day.

[0047] (3) Ripening and aging: Only natural static composting was carried out. The test period was 35 days. Sampling was carried out every 5 days during the stacking period, and the above - related indicators were measured.

[0048] 2. Test detection methods

[0049] Temperature: Measured by an automatic digital thermometer;

[0050] Seed germination index (Seed germination index, GI): Take 5 mL of the leaching solution into a 9 cm petri dish lined with filter paper, evenly put in 10 radish seeds, and culture in an incubator at (25 ± 1)°C for 48 h. Measure the root length and seed germination rate. Each sample was made in 3 parallels. GI was determined by the following formula: GI = (germination rate of the sample treatment × average root length of the sample treatment) / (germination rate of the blank × average root length of the blank treatment) × 100%.

[0051] Dissolved organic carbon (Dissolved organic carbon, DOC) and dissolved total nitrogen (Dissolvedtotal nitrogen, DTN): Measured by a TOC instrument for the water leaching solution.

[0052] Electrical conductivity (EC): Measured using a multi-parameter analyzer.

[0053] The determination of NH3 was carried out by absorbing it with boric acid with a mass fraction of 2%, and then titrating it with dilute sulfuric acid of standard concentration.

[0054] 3. Test results

[0055] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the temperature change during the whole process: In the litter breeding stage, laying a thin layer of biomass organic material did not cause the temperature of the breeding bed to be too high, ensuring the comfort of the sheep. In the high-temperature aerobic composting stage, due to the wide carbon-nitrogen ratio of corn straw litter and sawdust litter, the problem of low carbon-nitrogen ratio of sheep manure was effectively solved, promoting the degradation and release of organic matter and releasing a large amount of heat. The maximum composting temperature could reach above 70 °C, effectively killing pathogenic bacteria, weed seeds, etc., and realizing the harmless treatment of fecal sewage.

[0056] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the ammonia emission during the whole process: In the litter breeding stage, due to the dual adsorption effect of the porous structure of the biomass organic material itself and the loose porous structure formed by the litter breeding bed on NH3, the emission of NH3 and the generation of odor were reduced, and the ammonia emission reduction rate reached more than 50%.

[0057] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the change in the seed germination index during the whole process: The seed germination index (GI) of the three groups of treatments after in-situ fermentation of the hardened ground and laying biomass organic materials for 45 days was relatively low (<10%), not meeting the requirements of harmlessness and maturity. After further coupling with off-site composting, the GI could be increased to 20% - 60%. After continued composting and storage for 35 days, the GI finally reached 75% - 136%, meeting the composting maturity requirement (GI≥70%). This shows that after the whole process treatment of the fermentation products of litter fecal sewage, the compost is deeply matured, and the maturity of corn straw litter is better.

[0058] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the change in electrical conductivity during the whole process. The initial EC value of sheep manure was relatively high, which also led to a low seed germination index. High-temperature aerobic composting significantly reduced its EC value content. After the whole process treatment, the EC value of the mature compost product was lower than 7 mS·cm -1 and the seed germination index met the maturity standard.

[0059] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the change in the content of soluble carbon and nitrogen throughout the process: The high composting temperature formed by the high-temperature aerobic composting process can reduce the phytotoxic substances (DOC, DTN) in the fermentation products of bedding manure. Laying biomass organic materials has a more obvious effect on reducing phytotoxic substances, promotes the degradation of sheep manure, and improves the degree of maturity. Considering the test results, raw material sources, economic feasibility and other factors, corn straw is preferably selected as the best bedding for the present invention, and tests are further carried out to verify to ensure the effectiveness of this choice in practical applications.

[0060] Test Example 1

[0061] This test example verifies the influence of different cleaning cycles of bedding on the degree of maturity in the breeding with sheep organic bedding (the method is the same as that in Example 1), and the results are as Figure 7 shown: As the use time of the bedding prolongs, the organic matter content in the bedding shows a continuous decreasing trend, and the salt adsorption effect reaches saturation at about 50 days. The seed germination index reaches the highest value at 40 days and then gradually decreases as the salt ions increase.

[0062] The gradual increase of salt ions is not conducive to seed germination and plant growth, and the phenomenon of "dead bed" often occurs. The sheep manure cannot be degraded by beneficial microorganisms in time, and the bedding is also prone to mildew and rot, releasing toxic substances, which is not conducive to the healthy growth of sheep. Therefore, the present invention takes 30-45 days as the pen cleaning cycle. When the breeding time exceeds this cycle, the adsorption effect of the bedding reaches saturation, resulting in the rapid accumulation of harmful substances such as salt ions in the subsequent bedding breeding bed, which is not conducive to subsequent field application.

[0063] Test Example 2

[0064] This test example detects the temperature and seed germination index of pure sheep manure and sheep manure + corn straw during composting and ripening (the method is the same as that in Example 1), and the results are as Figure 8 shown: High-temperature aerobic composting can achieve a rapid increase in the temperature of the fermentation products of bedding manure. Compared with pure sheep manure, the treatment of sheep manure + straw can form a higher pile temperature, up to 78 °C at the highest. The higher pile temperature can effectively kill harmful substances such as pathogenic bacteria and promote the degradation of organic matter. The ripening quality of the obtained mature compost after high-temperature composting is significantly improved. The seed germination index of the sheep manure + straw treatment reaches 136%, which is significantly higher than that of the pure sheep manure treatment. Therefore, the high-temperature aerobic composting process based on biomass organic bedding is more conducive to the improvement of breeding welfare and green development in large-scale sheep farming.

[0065] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid composting and emission reduction of sheep breeding manure and sewage, characterized in that Including: In-situ organic bedding breeding of sheep, high-temperature aerobic composting and mature aging.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The organic bedding is a biomass organic material.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The particle size of the organic bedding is less than 5 cm, the moisture content is 5-10%, and the laying thickness is 5-20 cm.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, During the in-situ organic bedding breeding of sheep, the pen is cleaned every 30-45 days to collect the fermentation products of the bedding manure.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The high-temperature aerobic composting includes: performing high-temperature aerobic composting on the fermentation products of the bedding manure generated during the in-situ organic bedding breeding of sheep under the condition of external ventilation and aeration.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein Before the high-temperature aerobic composting, adjust the moisture content of the fermentation products of the bedding manure to 40-60%; The ventilation rate of the high-temperature aerobic composting is 0.1 - 0.2 L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , and the composting time is 8 - 15 days.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein The mature aging includes: Performing static secondary stacking and maturation on the composting products obtained through the high-temperature aerobic composting without ventilation and turning.

8. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1-7 in the harmless treatment during the utilization of sheep manure sewage; preferably, the use includes: Killing pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds by increasing the composting temperature.

9. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1-7 in improving the degree of maturity of sheep manure resources; preferably, the use includes: Increasing the seed germination index.

10. Application of the method according to any one of claims 1-7 in reducing ammonia emissions during sheep breeding.

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