Method for producing organic fertilizer by treating agricultural waste, and organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by treating agricultural wastes and the organic fertilizer. According to the method, agricultural wastes which are high in carbon-nitrogen ratio and difficult to ferment and decompose are treated, and a biological organic matter fertilizer capable of quickly repairing the microbial ecology and organic state of soil is prepared by a fermenting and decomposing process. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a compost base material which is agricultural waste; a fermentation decomposition agent is added into the compost base material, the weight of the added fermentation decomposition agent is 0.3%-0.5% of the weight of the compost base material, and the effective viable count of the fermentation decomposition agent is not smaller than 1.5 billion per gram; and cultivating the compost base material added with the fermentation decomposition agent at a first preset temperature for a first preset time. According to the invention, agricultural wastes, especially high-carbon-nitrogen-ratio agricultural wastes which are most difficult to treat, can be completely fermented and decomposed into organic fertilizers, so that the problem that the agricultural wastes are difficult to treat is solved, and the agricultural wastes can be used as high-quality fertilizers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural waste treatment and reuse, and particularly to a method and an organic fertilizer for treating agricultural waste (such as straw, rice husk, rice straw, bagasse, waste bags from mushroom cultivation, and even cow dung residue) with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N ratio) that is difficult to ferment and decompose to produce a highly efficient biological organic fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] Black humus soil refers to a type of soil rich in humus and very suitable for agricultural cultivation. It contains a large amount of phosphoric acid, natural humic acid (not simply mineral-source humic acid), phosphorus, ammonia, magnesium, calcium, iron and other minerals. Among them, the content of natural humic acid in the black humus soil in virgin forests is very high, ranging from 20% to 25%, which helps the stable reproduction of microorganisms in fertile soil, and then promotes soil aggregation, and can stably maintain the physical structure, chemical properties and biological ecology of the soil. Even without using chemical fertilizers, it can stably meet the needs of agricultural cultivation.

[0003] However, the existing black humus soil resources are scarce, and relevant regulations in various countries stipulate that arbitrary mining is not allowed. Due to overcultivation, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in general cultivated land, the soil acid-base balance, salinization, hardening, and the destruction of microbial diversity have been exhausted; resulting in the exhaustion of soil fertility and great difficulty in farming, the yield is decreasing day by day while more and more fertilizers are used, and soil-borne diseases are becoming more and more serious; farmers can only choose to fallow or rotate regularly. In addition, the fertilizers currently used in large quantities in farming are mainly chemical fertilizers, and the current organic fertilizer standards have never considered the degree of decomposition and the content of natural humic acid, but only added mineral-source humic acid extracted by acid washing from the coal industry. The soil acid-base imbalance and soil fertility decline caused by a large amount of chemical fertilizers are essentially polluting the environment.

[0004] At present, many agricultural wastes that are difficult to ferment and decompose are not allowed to be burned in many places, but it is very difficult to decompose them directly in the field, resulting in a large amount of high-fiber organic wastes piling up at the bottom of cultivated land, seriously affecting agricultural cultivation. The theoretical value of the optimal carbon-nitrogen weight ratio for compost fermentation using agricultural waste is 15-25. Agricultural wastes that are difficult to ferment and decompose refer to rice straw, rice husk (coarse bran), straw, cow dung residue, waste bags from mushroom cultivation, bagasse, etc. The carbon-nitrogen weight ratio of these agricultural wastes often reaches as high as 80 or even more than 100.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a technology for treating agricultural waste that is difficult to ferment and decompose to produce organic fertilizer to achieve efficient utilization of waste. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method and an organic fertilizer for treating agricultural waste (especially waste with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio that is difficult to ferment and decompose) to produce biological organic fertilizer.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for treating agricultural waste to produce organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: Prepare a compost substrate, which is agricultural waste with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio and difficult to ferment and decompose; Add a fermentation and decomposition agent to the compost substrate, and the weight of the added fermentation and decomposition agent is 0.3% to 0.5% of the weight of the compost substrate. Among them, the effective viable count of the fermentation and decomposition agent is not less than 1.5 billion per gram (15×10 8 CFU); and Cultivate the compost substrate added with the fermentation and decomposition agent at a first preset temperature for a first preset time, the first preset temperature is 22°C to 28°C, and the first preset time is not less than 30 days; Among them, the manufacturing steps of the fermentation and decomposition agent include: S1. Uniformly mix fertile soil raw materials and nutrient solution to form a mixed raw material; S2. Cultivate the mixed raw material for a second preset time to increase the viable count and biological enzyme concentration, and the second preset time is 7 to 10 days; and S3. Perform at least one domestication operation on the mixed raw material, and the domestication operation includes low-temperature domestication, high-temperature domestication, high-dissolved oxygen domestication, and low-dissolved oxygen domestication; Among them, the fertile soil raw material is humus soil in a primeval forest or peat soil in a swamp containing viable bacteria and biological enzymes; Among them, the nutrient solution includes LB powder (Lysogeny Broth), agar, yeast extract, comprehensive amino acids and water. The weight percentage of the LB powder in the nutrient solution is 1% to 5%, the weight percentage of the agar in the nutrient solution is 1% to 5%, the weight percentage of the yeast extract in the nutrient solution is 1% to 5%, and the weight percentage of the comprehensive amino acids in the nutrient solution is 0.1% to 1.0%; Among them, the steps of low-temperature domestication are: domesticate in an environment of 0°C to 5°C for 7 to 10 days; the steps of high-temperature domestication are: domesticate in an environment of 60°C to 80°C for 7 to 10 days; the steps of high-dissolved oxygen domestication are: domesticate in an environment with an oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg / L to 5.0 mg / L for 7 to 10 days; the steps of low-dissolved oxygen domestication are: domesticate in an environment with an oxygen concentration of 0 mg / L to 0.2 mg / L for 7 to 10 days.

[0008] The method of the present application can completely ferment and decompose agricultural waste, especially agricultural waste with the most difficult-to-treat high carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N ratio), into eco-friendly bio-humic substances (bio-organic fertilizers) through a specially prepared fermentation and decomposition agent. The characteristics of this material are close to those of natural black humus soil in primeval forests (the natural humic acid content of black humus soil in Bavaria, Germany is 20-25%). The eco-friendly bio-humic substances prepared by the method of the present application contain no less than 15% of natural humic acid, which not only solves the problem of difficult treatment of agricultural waste (environmentally friendly), but also can be used as high-quality bio-organic fertilizers. In addition, like black humus soil, it can quickly restore the soil fertility and productivity of cultivated land.

[0009] In actual operation, during the domestication operation, the order of the four domestications can be changed according to the actual situation. For example, low-temperature domestication, high-temperature domestication, high-dissolved oxygen domestication, and low-dissolved oxygen domestication can be carried out in sequence, or high-dissolved oxygen domestication, low-dissolved oxygen domestication, low-temperature domestication, and high-temperature domestication can be carried out in sequence. The domestication operation in step S3 of the manufacturing process of the fermentation and decomposition agent of the present application is to cultivate various strains with different properties in the comprehensive microbial flora, such as heat-resistant, cold-resistant, low-dissolved oxygen-resistant, and high-dissolved oxygen-resistant, so as to make the overall weather resistance of the comprehensive microbial flora wider, so that it can adapt to a wider range of application fields.

[0010] In actual operation, the raw materials of the nutrient solution can be purchased from materials on the market. For example, LB powder can be purchased from Solarbio with the product number L1010, and its components are: 10 g of tryptone, 5 g of yeast extract, and 10 g of sodium chloride; agar can be purchased from Beijing Aoboxing with the product number 02-275 of nutrient agar; yeast extract can be purchased from Beijing Aoboxing with the product number 01-014 of yeast extract BR500g; comprehensive amino acids can be purchased from Hangzhou Microbial Reagent Co., Ltd. with the amino acid decarboxylase test medium base M0048.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the compost substrate is at least one of rice straw, rice husk, straw, cow dung residue, mushroom planting waste bags, and bagasse.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the carbon and nitrogen content of the compost substrate is adjusted to be between 15 and 25, the water content of the compost substrate is adjusted to be between 50% and 60%, and the pH value of the compost substrate is adjusted to be between 6 and 9.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first preset time is between 35 and 45 days.

[0014] The method of the present application can smoothly ferment and decompose agricultural waste, especially the most difficult-to-treat agricultural waste with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N ratio), into natural black humus soil close to that in the primeval forest within a short period of 35 to 45 days. The natural humic acid content of the black humus soil in Bavaria, Germany is 20% to 25%.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fertile soil raw material is the black humus soil of the primeval forest in Changbai Mountain, or the fertile soil raw material is the peat soil of the Emei Basin in Sichuan.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the mixed raw material, the mass content of effective organic matter is more than 80%.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, in each domestication operation, low-temperature domestication, high-temperature domestication, high-dissolved oxygen domestication, and low-dissolved oxygen domestication are carried out in sequence.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, at least three domestication operations are carried out in step S3.

[0019] The present application also discloses an organic fertilizer, which is made by using the method for treating agricultural waste described above to manufacture the organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer includes humic acid with a weight percentage of not less than 18% and organic matter with a weight percentage of not less than 80%. Among them, the total weight percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is not less than 6%; the effective viable bacteria count is not less than 100 million per gram (1.0×10 8 CFU).

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the total weight percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is not less than 7%; the effective viable bacteria count is not less than 150 million per gram (1.5×10 8 CFU); the pH value is between 6.5 and 8.5, and the water content is not higher than 25%.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The method of the present application can completely ferment and decompose agricultural waste, especially the most difficult-to-treat agricultural waste with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N ratio), into organic fertilizer through a specially prepared fermentation and decomposition agent. The organic fertilizer is close to the natural black humus soil in the primeval forest (the natural humic acid content of the black humus soil in Bavaria, Germany is 20% - 25%). The organic fertilizer prepared by the method of the present application not only solves the problem of difficult treatment of agricultural waste (environmentally friendly), but also can be used as high-quality fertilizer. In addition, like black humus soil, it can quickly restore the soil fertility and fertility of arable land. Detailed Embodiments

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this application. The components of the embodiments of this application described and illustrated herein can be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

[0023] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the embodiments, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the products of this application are customarily placed during use. It is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. In addition, terms such as "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive distinction and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "connect" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] The following is a detailed description of the present invention.

[0026] This embodiment discloses a method for treating agricultural waste to produce organic fertilizer, including the following steps: 1) Prepare a compost substrate. The compost substrate is agricultural waste with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio and difficult to ferment and decompose. Specifically, it can be at least one of rice straw, rice husk, straw, cow dung residue, waste bags for mushroom cultivation, and bagasse. The purpose is to convert the waste into useful resources, save costs, and be environmentally friendly. Preferably, the weight ratio of the carbon-nitrogen content of the compost substrate is adjusted to between 15 and 25, the water content of the compost substrate is adjusted to between 50% and 60%, and the pH value of the compost substrate is adjusted to between 6 and 9. This is beneficial to the subsequent process. In this embodiment, the compost substrate is a waste bag for mushroom cultivation (also called the soil for mushroom growing rods).

[0027] 2) Add a fermentation and decomposition agent to the compost substrate. The weight of the added fermentation and decomposition agent is 0.3% to 0.5% of the weight of the compost substrate. In actual use, the addition amount can be adjusted according to the condition of the compost substrate. When the effective viable bacteria count of the fermentation and decomposition agent is not less than 1.5 billion per gram, the use effect is better.

[0028] 3) Cultivate the compost substrate added with the fermentation and decomposition agent at the first preset temperature for the first preset time. The first preset temperature is 22°C to 28°C, and the first preset time is not less than 30 days, which is beneficial to fermentation and decomposition. Preferably, the first pre-trial time is between 35 and 45 days to achieve the effect of deep fermentation and decomposition. In actual use, the number of days can be shortened or extended according to the cultivation temperature. In this way, the compost substrate can provide organic matter, and the effective live bacteria and biological enzymes in the fermentation and decomposition agent can be multiplied in large numbers, and then a nutrient-rich bio-organic fertilizer can be generated.

[0029] The fermentation and decomposition agent is the core technology of this method. The manufacturing and extraction steps of the fermentation and decomposition agent include: S1. Uniformly mix the fertile soil raw material and the nutrient solution to form a mixed raw material. Among them, the fertile soil raw material is black rot soil or peat soil containing live bacteria and biological enzymes. Specifically, the fertile soil raw material can be the black rot soil in the primeval forest of Changbai Mountain or the peat soil in the Emei Basin of Sichuan. This kind of fertile soil raw material is rich in natural effective microbial flora and biological enzymes.

[0030] S2. Cultivate the mixed raw material for the second preset time to increase the number of live bacteria and the concentration of biological enzymes. The second preset time is 7 to 10 days. After the mixed raw material is cultivated, the number of effective live bacteria reaches at least 1.0×10 8 CFU, and the content of effective organic matter reaches more than 80%. Step S2 is used to ensure that the nutrient content is sufficient for subsequent various domestication processes.

[0031] S3. Perform at least one domestication operation on the mixed raw material. The domestication operation includes low-temperature domestication, high-temperature domestication, high-dissolved oxygen domestication, and low-dissolved oxygen domestication. The domestication operation is to cultivate various strains with different properties in the comprehensive microbial flora, such as heat-resistant, cold-resistant, low-dissolved oxygen-resistant, and high-dissolved oxygen-resistant, so that the overall weather resistance of the comprehensive microbial flora is wider, so as to adapt to a wider range of application fields.

[0032] Among them, the nutrient solution includes LB powder, agar, yeast extract, comprehensive amino acids and water. The weight percentage of LB powder in the nutrient solution is 1% to 5%, the weight percentage of agar in the nutrient solution is 1% to 5%, the weight percentage of yeast extract in the nutrient solution is 1% to 5%, and the weight percentage of comprehensive amino acids in the nutrient solution is 0.1% to 1.0%; Among them, the steps of low-temperature domestication are: domesticate for 7 to 10 days in an environment of 0°C to 5°C; the steps of high-temperature domestication are: domesticate for 7 to 10 days in an environment of 60°C to 80°C; the steps of high-dissolved oxygen domestication are: domesticate for 7 to 10 days in an environment with an oxygen concentration of 3.5mg / L to 5.0mg / L; the steps of low-dissolved oxygen domestication are: domesticate for 7 to 10 days in an environment with an oxygen concentration of 0mg / L to 0.2mg / L.

[0033] The method of the present application can completely ferment and decompose agricultural waste, especially agricultural waste with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N ratio) that is the most difficult to treat, into organic fertilizer through a specially prepared fermentation and decomposition agent. This organic fertilizer is similar to the natural black humus soil in the primeval forest (the natural humic acid content of the black humus soil in Bavaria, Germany is 20-25%). The organic fertilizer prepared by the method of the present application not only solves the problem of difficult treatment of agricultural waste (environmentally friendly), but also can be used as high-quality fertilizer. In addition, like black humus soil, it can quickly restore the soil fertility and productivity of cultivated land.

[0034] In actual operation, during the domestication operation, the order of the four domestications can be changed according to the actual situation. For example, low-temperature domestication, high-temperature domestication, low-dissolved oxygen domestication, and high-dissolved oxygen domestication can be carried out in sequence, or high-dissolved oxygen domestication, low-dissolved oxygen domestication, low-temperature domestication, and high-temperature domestication can be carried out in sequence. In this embodiment, low-temperature domestication, high-temperature domestication, high-dissolved oxygen domestication, and low-dissolved oxygen domestication are carried out in sequence.

[0035] In this embodiment, three domestication operations are carried out in step S3. The purpose of multiple domestication operations is to screen, strengthen, and amplify the strains in the fertile soil raw materials to achieve the purpose of high-concentration cultivation.

[0036] In actual operation, the raw materials of the nutrient solution can be purchased from materials on the market. For example, the LB powder can be the LB powder with the product number L1010 from Solarbio, and its components are: 10 g of tryptone, 5 g of yeast extract, and 10 g of sodium chloride; the agar can be the nutrient agar with the product number 02-275 from Beijing Aoboxing; the yeast extract can be the yeast extract BR 500 g with the product number 01-014 from Beijing Aoboxing; the comprehensive amino acids can be the amino acid decarboxylase test medium base M0048 from Hangzhou Microbial Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0037] This embodiment also discloses an organic fertilizer prepared by the method of this embodiment. This organic fertilizer includes humic acid with a weight percentage of not less than 18% and organic matter with a weight percentage of not less than 80%. Among them, the total weight percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is not less than 6%; the effective viable bacteria count per gram is not less than 150 million, the pH value is between 6.5 and 8.5, and the water content is not higher than 25%. The main parameters of the specific test report are as follows in the table:

[0038] For agricultural waste that is difficult to ferment and decompose, such as the waste bags from mushroom cultivation, which are very difficult to ferment and decompose. Most of the practices are to place them in the stacking yard and let them be exposed to the elements for more than half a year, and then use them as bedding for organic fertilizer. Through the method of this embodiment, it can be quickly fermented and decomposed, and can also be made into a very efficient soil improvement material.

[0039] In summary, the method of the present application can utilize a small amount of soil raw materials. By means of cultivation and domestication, the main effective microbial flora and bioenzymes in the soil raw materials are retained. Furthermore, a bio-organic fertilizer rich in nutrients and helpful for soil improvement can be made in a short time. In addition, the bio-organic fertilizer is made from agricultural waste, saving costs and being environmentally friendly.

[0040] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and thus do not limit the patent protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made by using the content of the specification of the present invention, directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall similarly be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for treating agricultural waste to produce organic fertilizer, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Prepare a compost substrate, which is agricultural waste with a high carbon-nitrogen ratio and difficult to ferment and decompose; Add a fermentation and decomposition agent to the compost substrate, and the weight of the added fermentation and decomposition agent is 0.3% to 0.5% of the weight of the compost substrate. Among them, the effective viable bacteria count of the fermentation and decomposition agent is not less than 1.5 billion per gram; and Cultivate the compost substrate added with the fermentation and decomposition agent at a first preset temperature for a first preset time, the first preset temperature is 22°C to 28°C, and the first preset time is not less than 30 days; Among them, the manufacturing steps of the fermentation and decomposition agent include: S1. Uniformly mix fertile soil raw materials and nutrient solution to form a mixed raw material; S2. Cultivate the mixed raw material for a second preset time to increase the viable bacteria quantity and the biological enzyme concentration, and the second preset time is 7 to 10 days; and S3. Conduct at least one domestication operation on the mixed raw material, and the domestication operation includes low-temperature domestication, high-temperature domestication, high-dissolved oxygen domestication, and low-dissolved oxygen domestication; Among them, the fertile soil raw material is black humus soil or peat soil containing viable bacteria and biological enzymes; Among them, the nutrient solution includes LB powder, agar, yeast extract, comprehensive amino acids and water. The weight percentage of LB powder in the nutrient solution is 1% to 5%, the weight percentage of agar in the nutrient solution is 1% to 5%, the weight percentage of yeast extract in the nutrient solution is 1% to 5%, and the weight percentage of comprehensive amino acids in the nutrient solution is 0.1% to 1.0%; Among them, the steps of low-temperature domestication are: domesticate for 7 to 10 days in an environment of 0°C to 5°C; the steps of high-temperature domestication are: domesticate for 7 to 10 days in an environment of 60°C to 80°C; the steps of high-dissolved oxygen domestication are: domesticate for 7 to 10 days in an environment with an oxygen concentration of 3.5mg / L to 5.0mg / L; the steps of low-dissolved oxygen domestication are: domesticate for 7 to 10 days in an environment with an oxygen concentration of 0mg / L to 0.2mg / L.

2. The method for treating agricultural waste to produce organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compost substrate is at least one of rice straw, rice husk, straw, cow dung residue, mushroom planting waste bags, and bagasse.

3. The method for treating agricultural waste to produce organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The weight ratio of the carbon-nitrogen content of the compost substrate is adjusted to between 15 and 25, the water content of the compost substrate is adjusted to between 50% and 60%, and the compost substrate is adjusted to have a pH value between 6 and 9.

4. The method for treating agricultural waste to produce organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first preset time is between 35 and 45 days.

5. The method for treating agricultural waste to produce organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertile soil raw material is the black humus soil of the primeval forest in Changbai Mountain, or the fertile soil raw material is the peat soil of the Emei Basin in Sichuan.

6. The method for treating agricultural waste to produce organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the mixed raw material, the mass content of effective organic matter is more than 80%.

7. The method for treating agricultural waste to produce organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, In each domestication operation, low-temperature domestication, high-temperature domestication, high-dissolved oxygen domestication, and low-dissolved oxygen domestication are carried out in sequence.

8. The method for treating agricultural waste to produce organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that, At least three domestication operations are carried out in step S3.

9. An organic fertilizer, characterized in that, It is made by using the method for treating agricultural waste to manufacture organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 8. The organic fertilizer includes humic acid with a weight percentage of not less than 18% and organic matter with a weight percentage of not less than 80%. Among them, the total weight percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is not less than 6%; the effective viable bacteria count is not less than 100 million per gram.

10. The organic fertilizer according to claim 9, characterized in that, The pH value ranges from 6.5 to 8.5, and the water content is not higher than 25%.

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