Composite material civil air defense door and manufacturing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of civil air defense doors, in particular to a composite material civil air defense door and a manufacturing method thereof.The composite material civil air defense door comprises a door plate assembly, the door plate assembly comprises a panel, a first fiber layer and a filling layer, the panel is arranged on the outer side of the first fiber layer, and the first fiber layer is arranged on the outer side of the filling layer; the panel, the first fiber layer and the filling layer are integrally formed, the reinforcing rib assembly is arranged on the panel and used for reinforcing the panel, the reinforcing rib assembly comprises a second fiber layer and a bonding layer which are arranged in a stacked mode, the second fiber layer comprises one or more of high-strength glass fiber cloth or glass fiber felt, and the bonding layer is arranged between the second fiber layer and the bonding layer. The weight of the protective air-tight door is reduced by 60%, the product structure is simple, the production efficiency is improved by more than 50%, later transportation and on-site installation of the product are facilitated, and the protective air-tight door has the advantages of good production efficiency and cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of civil air defense doors, and particularly relates to a composite material civil air defense door and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the construction and development of the national economy and civil air defense projects, in the construction of newly built civilian buildings in cities, a large number of air defense basements need to be built in accordance with relevant national regulations. As a result, the usage of protective equipment for civil air defense projects has increased sharply. Civil air defense is also known as civil defense. Civil defense is a commonly used international term. It is an activity in which the government mobilizes and organizes the masses to take measures such as air raid prevention and disaster relief and rescue operations to prevent and mitigate disaster hazards. Civil air defense doors belong to civil defense protective equipment. Civil air defense doors are the doors at the entrances and exits of civil defense projects. The classification of civil air defense doors is relatively distinct, including various civil air defense equipment such as ordinary single and double leaf protective airtight doors and airtight doors, and single and double leaf protective airtight doors and airtight doors with movable thresholds. However, most of the existing civil air defense doors adopt steel structures or reinforced concrete structures. Although they have certain protective performance, they have significant defects:

[0003] On the one hand, the high density of steel doors results in a single door weighing hundreds of kilograms, and transportation and installation rely on heavy machinery, with low construction efficiency and high costs. Reinforced concrete doors are even more so, with a long on-site casting period and poor wartime response capabilities. On the other hand, they have insufficient corrosion resistance: steel doors are easily affected by humid environments and are prone to rusting after long-term exposure, requiring frequent maintenance and having a short service life. Reinforced concrete doors are prone to cracking due to the rust expansion of internal steel bars, and their protective performance decreases over time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite material civil air defense door and a manufacturing method thereof for the deficiencies of the existing technology, so as to optimize the weight of the civil air defense door and increase its protective performance.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a composite material civil air defense door, including:

[0007] A door panel assembly, which includes a panel, a first fiber layer, and a filling layer. The panel is disposed outside the first fiber layer, and the first fiber layer is disposed outside the filling layer. The panel, the first fiber layer, and the filling layer are integrally formed;

[0008] A reinforcing rib assembly, which is disposed on the panel for strengthening the panel. The reinforcing rib assembly includes a second fiber layer and an adhesive layer stacked. The second fiber layer includes one or more of high-strength fiberglass cloth or fiberglass mat, and the adhesive layer includes one or more of high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin, silica, and polyurethane foam board stacked.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first fiber layer includes one or more of high-strength fiberglass cloth or fiberglass mat.

[0010] In some embodiments, the filling layer includes a high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin base.

[0011] In some embodiments, the reinforcing rib assembly is disposed on the inner side or the outer side or both the inner and outer sides of the panel.

[0012] In some embodiments, it further includes a hinge and a fastening assembly. The hinge is disposed on one side of the door panel assembly and fixed to the door frame, so that the door panel assembly can rotate relative to the door frame through the hinge. The fastening assembly is disposed on the door panel assembly and includes a screwing handle, a locking base, a locking rod, and a connecting rod member. The locking base is disposed on the panel. The locking rod is slidably disposed in the locking base and can reciprocate horizontally along the locking base. A locking hole matching with the locking rod is formed on the door frame. When the locking rod is located inside the locking hole, the locking hole cooperates with the locking rod to lock and limit the door panel assembly. There are a plurality of locking bases, and the plurality of locking bases are vertically and spaced apart along the edge of one end of the panel. Each locking base is provided with a locking rod in cooperation. The connecting rod member is used to connect the plurality of locking rods. The screwing handle is disposed on one of the locking rods and connected to the connecting rod member. When the screwing handle drives the locking rod connected thereto to reciprocate in the horizontal direction, the screwing handle drives the plurality of locking rods to reciprocate in the horizontal direction together through the connecting rod member.

[0013] In some embodiments, the connecting rod member includes a first rotating shaft, a connecting sub-rod, a second rotating shaft, and a connecting main rod. One end of the connecting sub-rod is rotatably connected to the locking rod through the first rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the connecting main rod through the second rotating shaft, and an angle is formed between the connecting main rod and the connecting sub-rod.

[0014] In some embodiments, the plurality of locking bases are symmetrically distributed along the edges of the two opposite ends of the panel.

[0015] In some embodiments, the panel includes a mesh metal plate.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a preparation method for a civil air defense door, including the following steps:

[0017] S1. Impregnate the panel, the first fiber layer, and the filling layer with a resin matrix through a vacuum adsorption process to form a panel;

[0018] S2. Compose a fiber reinforcing material, a resin matrix, and a filling material on the surface of a support structure through a hand lay-up process to form a reinforcing rib assembly;

[0019] S3. Fix the reinforcing rib assembly to the panel by resin bonding;

[0020] S4. Install hinges and fastening components on the side of the panel and connect them to the door frame.

[0021] In some embodiments, the vacuum adsorption process includes sequentially laying a panel, a first fiber layer, spraying a resin matrix on the filling layer, and compacting and forming in a vacuum environment.

[0022] Furthermore, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0023] In the present invention, the material of the door panel assembly is based on high-strength glass fiber filaments or fiber felts and high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin-based composite materials. Adopting the design concept of rapid assembly, the structure of the civil air defense door is designed, and the structure of the civil air defense door is optimized by combining the method of finite simulation analysis;

[0024] Specifically, the present invention utilizes the composite material vacuum adsorption process and the main body adsorption one-time forming method for design to achieve the purpose of rapid assembly of civil air defense doors. At the same time, combined with the fiber adsorption resin forming process technology, the performance of the reinforcing fiber material is maximally exerted, while greatly reducing the energy consumption of the product and reducing the production process cost;

[0025] In addition, in terms of the material structure, the glass fiber in the present invention is of the enhanced type and uses a high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin base to achieve the effects of improving the hardness of the door panel assembly and reducing the material density. On this basis, the door panel assembly composed of a mesh metal plate, high-strength glass fiber cloth or fiber felt, and high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin base has good flame retardant properties. Specifically, through the material performance test and the rapid assembly and assessment of the composite material civil air defense door of the present invention, compared with the same-specification steel doors, the protective airtight door in the present invention has a weight reduction of 60%, the product structure is simple, the production efficiency is increased by more than 50%, which is convenient for the later transportation and on-site installation of the product, the energy consumption in the product production process is reduced, and it has good production efficiency and cost advantages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is the front view of the overall structure of the composite material civil air defense door provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is the three-dimensional view of another angle of the overall structure of the composite material civil air defense door provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 The side view of the overall structure of the composite material civil air defense door provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is Figure 1 the enlarged view at A in

[0030] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the composition of the door panel assembly in the composite air defense door provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the composition of the door panel assembly in the composite air defense door provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the steps of the preparation method of the air defense door provided by the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1 - door panel assembly, 11 - panel, 12 - first fiber layer, 13 - filling layer, 2 - locking base, 21 - locking rod, 22 - connecting main rod, 23 - screwing handle, 24 - first rotating shaft, 25 - second rotating shaft, 26 - connecting sub - rod, 3 - reinforcing rib assembly, 31 - second fiber layer, 32 - adhesive layer. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. Among them, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in the text is only a description of the associated relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality of" means two or more than two. Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0035] In the first aspect, as shown in FIG. 6, the present invention provides a composite air defense door, including: Figure 1 - As shown in FIG. 6, the present invention provides a composite air defense door, including:

[0036] A door panel assembly 1, which includes a panel 11, a first fiber layer 12, and a filling layer 13. The panel 11 is disposed on the outer side of the first fiber layer 12, and the first fiber layer 12 is disposed on the outer side of the filling layer 13. The panel 11, the first fiber layer 12, and the filling layer 13 are integrally formed;

[0037] The reinforcing rib assembly 3 is disposed on the panel 11 for strengthening the panel 11. The reinforcing rib assembly 3 includes a second fiber layer 31 and an adhesive layer 32 arranged in a stacked manner. The second fiber layer 31 includes one or more of high-strength fiberglass cloth or fiberglass mat. The adhesive layer 32 includes one or more of high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin, silica, and polyurethane foam board arranged in a stacked manner. The first fiber layer 12 includes one or more of high-strength fiberglass cloth or fiberglass mat. The first fiber layer 12 uses high-strength fiberglass cloth or mat to enhance the tensile property of the panel 11 and improve the impact resistance. The filling layer 13 includes a high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin base. The filling layer 13 is selected as a high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin base to optimize the internal stress distribution and prevent delamination and cracking. The panel 11 includes a mesh metal plate. In the above structure, the door panel assembly 1 uses a mesh metal plate as the support framework, and its outer layer is covered with high-strength fiberglass cloth or fiber mat and integrally formed with the high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin base filling layer 13 through a vacuum adsorption process to form a lightweight composite panel 11.

[0038] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the mesh metal plate is made of a corrosion-resistant material. The fiber layers are laid in an orthogonal direction to enhance the tensile property. The resin base filling layer 13 is uniformly impregnated with fibers in a vacuum environment to eliminate air bubbles and improve the overall bonding strength. In addition, composite materials such as the panel 11, high-strength fiberglass cloth or fiber mat, and high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin base are integrally formed by primary adsorption through a vacuum adsorption process. The combination of the high-strength fiberglass cloth, resin, and the mesh metal plate. During the vacuum adsorption process, the fibers are evenly compacted and adsorbed on the mesh metal plate, and the resin can fully impregnate the fibers, making the combination of the three closer, reducing the presence of air bubbles and voids, and thus improving the strength and durability of the panel.

[0039] Specifically, the present invention adopts a mesh metal plate to improve the corrosion resistance of the material, uses high-strength and high-modulus fibers as reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of the composite material, and realizes the functions of assembly and portability of the fiber composite reinforced resin-based composite material air defense door on the premise of meeting the material properties. By adopting the vacuum adsorption process, while maximizing the performance of the reinforcing fiber material, the production cost is reduced, the product energy consumption is greatly decreased, and further, the weight of the protective airtight door in the present invention is reduced by 60%. The product structure is simple, the production efficiency is increased by more than 50%, which is convenient for the later transportation and on-site installation of the product. The energy consumption during the product production process is decreased, and it has good production efficiency and cost advantages.

[0040] In a possible implementation (not shown in the figure), the reinforcing rib assembly 3 is disposed on the inner side, outer side, or both the inner and outer sides of the panel 11. It should be noted that the reinforcing rib assembly 3 in the present invention can also be disposed on the top or bottom of the panel 11. At the same time, there can be multiple reinforcing rib assemblies 3, and the multiple reinforcing rib assemblies 3 are spaced apart on the panel 11, or the multiple reinforcing rib assemblies 3 are cross-distributed on the panel 11, for example, forming a "rice" - shaped structure. The present application does not make specific limitations on this.

[0041] In a possible implementation, it further includes a hinge and a fastening assembly. The hinge is not shown in the figures of the present invention and is a common hinge - type structure. The hinge is disposed on one side of the door panel assembly 1 and is fixed to the door frame so that the door panel assembly 1 can rotate relative to the door frame through the hinge. The fastening assembly is disposed on the door panel assembly 1 and includes a screwing handle 23, a locking base 2, a locking rod 21, and a connecting rod member. The locking base 2 is disposed on the panel 11. The locking rod 21 is slidably disposed in the locking base 2 and can reciprocate horizontally along the locking base 2. A locking hole matching with the locking rod 21 is formed on the door frame. When the locking rod 21 is located inside the locking hole, the locking hole cooperates with the locking rod 21 to lock and limit the door panel assembly 1. There are multiple locking bases 2, and the multiple locking bases 2 are vertically spaced apart along the edge of one end of the panel 11. Each locking base 2 is provided with a locking rod 21 in cooperation. The connecting rod member is used to connect the multiple locking rods 21. The screwing handle 23 is disposed on one of the locking rods 21 and is connected to the connecting rod member. When the screwing handle 23 drives the locking rod 21 connected thereto to reciprocate horizontally, the screwing handle 23 drives the multiple locking rods 21 to reciprocate horizontally together through the connecting rod member, that is, the screwing handle 23 drives all the locking rods 21 to reciprocate horizontally together through the connecting rod member. In the above - mentioned structure, the locking base 2 is welded to the edge of the panel 11, the locking rod 21 slides horizontally through a slide rail and cooperates with the pre - embedded locking hole on the door frame, and the screwing handle 23 synchronously drives the multiple locking rods 21 through the connecting rod member to ensure uniform force and good sealing performance when closed. In addition, the hinge is made of corrosion - resistant metal material and is fixed to the side of the door panel by bolts to achieve flexible rotation of the door body and the door frame.

[0042] In a possible implementation, the connecting rod member includes a first rotating shaft 24, a connecting sub - rod 26, a second rotating shaft 25, and a connecting main rod 22. One end of the connecting sub - rod 26 is rotatably connected to the locking rod 21 through the first rotating shaft 24, and the other end is connected to the connecting main rod 22 through the second rotating shaft 25. An angle is formed between the connecting main rod 22 and the connecting sub - rod 26. The connecting rod member adopts a rotating shaft and angle design to reduce the resistance of the locking operation and improve the convenience of use.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the multiple locking bases 2 are symmetrically distributed along the edges of the two mutually - distant ends of the panel 11. The symmetric distribution of the locking bases 2 balances the force on the edge of the door body and avoids deformation caused by stress concentration.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 7 , in a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing a civil air defense door, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. Immerse the panel 11, the first fiber layer 12, and the filling layer 13 in a resin matrix through a vacuum adsorption process to form the panel 11;

[0046] S2. Compose a fiber reinforced material, a resin matrix, and a filling material on the surface of the support structure through a hand lay-up process to form the reinforcing rib assembly 3;

[0047] S3. Fix the reinforcing rib assembly 3 to the panel 11 by resin bonding;

[0048] S4. Install hinges and fastening components on the side of the panel 11 and connect them to the door frame.

[0049] In step S1, first, a mesh metal plate is fixed to the mold manually, a release agent is sprayed, then a glass fiber cloth and a resin-based filling layer 13 are laid in sequence, a vacuum bag is covered and the vacuum is pumped to -0.1 MPa to uniformly impregnate the resin. Thereafter, it is heated and cured at 80 °C for 2 hours, and the edges are trimmed and polished after demolding.

[0050] In steps S2 and S3, a resin-silica mixed glue solution is manually coated on the surface of the glass fiber mat, then a polyurethane foam board is covered, the air bubbles are removed by rolling, and it is left to initially cure to form the reinforcing rib assembly 3. At the same time, the reinforcing rib assembly 3 is positioned and pasted on the panel 11.

[0051] In step S4, the hinges and the locking components are installed so that the door panel assembly 1 is firmly installed in the door frame. That is, the above steps adopt steps such as "reinforcing material preparation - gel coat spraying - gel coat curing - reinforcing material laying - vacuum adsorption - reinforcing rib bonding - metal part installation" for integral forming by assembly.

[0052] In a possible implementation manner, the vacuum adsorption process includes laying the panel 11, the first fiber layer 12, and the filling layer 13 in sequence, spraying the resin matrix, and compacting and forming in a vacuum environment.

[0053] According to the standard methods such as GB / T1446-2005, GB / T1451, GB / T1462, GB / T1463, RFJ04-2009, etc., relevant material property tests and analyses have been carried out on the materials of the present invention, and their properties all meet the material property requirements of civil air defense doors, verifying the feasibility of the forming process method. On this basis, a civil air defense door with a specification of 1220(5) (single leaf, door hole size of 1200mm * 2000mm, protection level of 5) has been successfully prepared. As a typical engineering research and development sample, relevant structural design technology research, structural load simulation, etc. have been carried out, and the trial production of the civil air defense door has also been carried out, and relevant experimental research and certification test work have been carried out. The results show that the civil air defense door 1220(5) meets the 5-level protection door standard set in the field of general civil air defense projects (including underground rail transit facilities).

[0054] The test results of the composite materials used in the products of this project are shown in the following table:

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Thus, it can be seen that the tensile strength of the panel 11 in the present invention is ≥303 MPa, the elastic modulus is ≥30 GPa, the bending strength is ≥464 MPa, far exceeding traditional materials; the mesh metal layer improves corrosion resistance, the service life reaches more than 50 years, the flame retardant performance reaches the self-extinguishing oxygen index P30, and the heat distortion temperature is ≥80 °C, suitable for harsh environments such as high temperature and humidity.

[0058] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. In this way, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalent technologies, this application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A composite material civil air defense door, characterized in that, Comprising: A door panel assembly, which includes a panel, a first fiber layer, and a filling layer. The panel is disposed on the outer side of the first fiber layer, and the first fiber layer is disposed on the outer side of the filling layer. The panel, the first fiber layer, and the filling layer are integrally formed. A reinforcing rib assembly, which is disposed on the panel for strengthening the panel. The reinforcing rib assembly includes a second fiber layer and an adhesive layer stacked. The second fiber layer includes one or more of high-strength fiberglass cloth or fiberglass felt, and the adhesive layer includes one or more of high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin, silica, and polyurethane foam board stacked.

2. The composite air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first fiber layer includes one or more of high-strength fiberglass cloth or fiberglass felt.

3. The composite air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling layer includes a high-hardness unsaturated polyester resin base.

4. The composite air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing rib assembly is disposed on the inner side or the outer side or both the inner and outer sides of the panel.

5. The composite air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a hinge and a fastening assembly. The hinge is disposed on one side of the door panel assembly and fixed to the door frame, so that the door panel assembly can rotate relative to the door frame through the hinge. The fastening assembly is disposed on the door panel assembly and includes a screwing handle, a locking base, a locking rod, and a connecting rod member. The locking base is disposed on the panel. The locking rod is slidably disposed on the locking base and can reciprocate horizontally along the locking base. A locking hole matching with the locking rod is formed on the door frame. When the locking rod is located inside the locking hole, the locking hole cooperates with the locking rod to lock and limit the door panel assembly. There are multiple locking bases, and the multiple locking bases are vertically and spacedly distributed along the edge of one end of the panel. Each locking base is provided with a locking rod in cooperation. The connecting rod member is used to connect the multiple locking rods. The screwing handle is disposed on one of the locking rods and connected to the connecting rod member. When the screwing handle drives the locking rod connected to it to reciprocate horizontally, the screwing handle drives the multiple locking rods to reciprocate horizontally together through the connecting rod member.

6. The composite air defense door according to claim 5, characterized in that, The connecting rod member includes a first rotating shaft, a connecting sub-rod, a second rotating shaft, and a connecting main rod. One end of the connecting sub-rod is rotatably connected to the locking rod through the first rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the connecting main rod through the second rotating shaft. And an angle is formed between the connecting main rod and the connecting sub-rod.

7. The composite air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple locking bases are symmetrically distributed along the edges of the two mutually remote ends of the panel.

8. The composite air defense door according to claim 1, characterized in that, The panel includes a mesh metal plate.

9. A preparation method of a composite material civil air defense door, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Impregnate the panel, the first fiber layer, and the filling layer with a resin matrix through a vacuum adsorption process to form a panel. S2. Compose a fiber-reinforced material, a resin matrix, and a filling material on the surface of a support structure through a hand lay-up process to form a reinforcing rib assembly. S3. Bond and fix the reinforcing rib assembly to the panel through resin. S4. Install a hinge and a fastening assembly on the side of the panel and connect them to the door frame.

10. The preparation method of the composite material civil air defense door according to claim 9, characterized in that, The vacuum adsorption process includes sequentially laying the panel, the first fiber layer, and the filling layer, spraying the resin matrix, and compacting and forming in a vacuum environment.

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