A thick coal seam lane-type layered mining and rapid filling method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine filling mining, and in particular relates to a thick coal seam lane-type layered mining and rapid filling method, comprising the following steps: excavating a track chute and a belt chute, setting the area between the track chute and the belt chute as a thick coal seam excavation area; dividing the thick coal seam excavation area into an upper excavation area and a lower excavation area; excavating the coal seam in the upper excavation area by top excavation along the track chute toward the belt chute, and setting a permanent support structure at the top of the upper excavation area; after the permanent support structure is set, excavating the coal seam in the lower excavation area by bottom excavation along the belt chute toward the track chute; filling the upper excavation area and the lower excavation area; after the previous thick coal seam excavation area is filled, repeating the above steps to excavate the next thick coal seam excavation area. The present invention significantly reduces the roadway roof pressure and improves the stability of the coal seam by means of layered excavation and setting permanent support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine filling mining, and in particular relates to a thick coal seam lane-type layered mining and rapid filling method. Background Art

[0002] Thick coal seam backfill mining has always been an important issue in the efficient and green mining of coal resources. However, traditional coal mining methods face many challenges in thick coal seam mining.

[0003] In thick coal seams, the one-time full-height mining method significantly increases the difficulty of controlling the roof and the two sides due to the large mining height, making it difficult to ensure the filling rate and stability of the filling body. It is very easy to cause safety accidents such as roof falls and side spalling, which in turn threaten mining safety.

[0004] Therefore, a thick coal seam lane-type layered mining and rapid filling method is urgently needed to solve the problem. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a thick coal seam lane-type layered mining and rapid filling method to solve the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] A method for lane-type layered mining and rapid filling of thick coal seams comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Dig a track chute and a belt chute, and set the area between the track chute and the belt chute as a thick coal seam excavation area.

[0009] S2. Divide the thick coal seam excavation area into an upper excavation area and a lower excavation area.

[0010] S3. Excavate the coal seam in the upper excavation area by tunneling along the track chute toward the belt chute, and set a permanent support structure on the top of the upper excavation area.

[0011] S4. After the permanent support structure is set up, the coal seam in the lower excavation area is excavated along the belt chute toward the track chute.

[0012] S5. Filling the upper excavation area and the lower excavation area.

[0013] After the previous thick coal seam excavation area is filled, steps S1 to S5 are repeated to excavate the next thick coal seam excavation area.

[0014] Optionally, the top excavation construction includes the following steps:

[0015] The bolter miner is moved to a designated position in the track groove.

[0016] The anchor miner excavates the coal seam in the upper excavation area and provides anchor net support at the same time. When the excavation end of the anchor miner moves to the belt chute, a temporary anchor net support is formed in the upper excavation area.

[0017] Optionally, the setting of the permanent support structure includes the following steps:

[0018] The excavation end of the anchor miner retreats along the belt chute toward the track chute. At the same time, the permanent support structure is built along the belt chute toward the track chute, and the permanent support structure is fixed to the top rock layer of the upper excavation area.

[0019] Optionally, the permanent support structure is a steel structure.

[0020] Optionally, after the excavation end of the anchor miner exits the upper excavation area, a brick wall is built in the upper excavation area near one end of the track chute.

[0021] The brick wall is used to form a partition between the track chute and the upper excavation area.

[0022] Optionally, the bottoming construction includes the following steps:

[0023] A fully automatic excavator is used to excavate the coal seam in the lower excavation area along the belt chute toward the track chute.

[0024] Optionally, during the bottoming construction, the excavation end of the tunnel boring machine stops bottoming when it reaches a specified distance from the track slot.

[0025] While the excavation end of the tunnel boring machine retreats along the track chute toward the belt chute, the lower excavation area side is supported by anchor net cables, and the permanent support structure and the anchor net cables of the lower excavation area side form the lower excavation area support.

[0026] Optionally, the excavation end of the tunnel boring machine stops when it is 1 meter away from the track slot.

[0027] Optionally, filling the upper excavation area and the lower excavation area includes the following steps:

[0028] A filling retaining wall is built between the belt chute and the lower excavation area. The brick wall, the upper excavation area, the lower excavation area and the filling retaining wall together form a closed space. Filling is performed in the closed space, and the filling is completed after the filling solidifies.

[0029] Optionally, when building the brick wall, an adjustable wind window is left on the upper part of the brick wall, and the adjustable wind window is used to form ventilation in the lower excavation area during the bottom construction.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0031] (1) Compared with the full-height mining method, the layered excavation and permanent support method can significantly reduce the roof pressure of the roadway and improve the stability of the coal seam, thereby achieving safe coal mining.

[0032] (2) This method is more reasonable in terms of the temporal and spatial sequence of mining and filling, and can effectively avoid mining and filling conflicts and achieve efficient coal mining.

[0033] (3) This method uses a steel structure frame to ensure the stability of the branch tunnel, saving a lot of support materials and construction time, which is conducive to safe and rapid mining.

[0034] (4) Backfill mining can dispose of solid wastes such as gangue and fly ash in mining areas on a large scale and fill them into goaf as filling materials, which meets the requirements of green mine development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive work.

[0036] Figure 1 This is the technical roadmap for the thick coal seam lane-type layered mining of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of upper layer excavation in thick coal seam lane-type layered mining according to the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layered bottom pulling in the thick coal seam lane-type layered mining according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the succession sequence of lane-type layered mining in thick coal seams according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The present invention discloses a thick coal seam lane-type layered mining and rapid filling method, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. Dig the track chute and belt chute, and set the area between the track chute and belt chute as the thick coal seam excavation area.

[0044] S2. Divide the thick coal seam excavation area into upper excavation area and lower excavation area.

[0045] S3. Carry out top excavation construction on the coal seam in the upper excavation area along the track chute toward the belt chute, and set up a permanent support structure on the top of the upper excavation area.

[0046] S4. After the permanent support structure is set up, the coal seam in the lower excavation area is excavated along the belt chute toward the track chute.

[0047] S5. Fill the upper excavation area and the lower excavation area.

[0048] After the previous thick coal seam excavation area is filled, steps S1 to S5 are repeated to excavate the next thick coal seam excavation area.

[0049] Through the above steps, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the existing thick coal seam mining and filling methods:

[0050] (1) Compared with the full-height mining method, the layered excavation and permanent support method can significantly reduce the roof pressure of the roadway and improve the stability of the coal seam, thereby achieving safe coal mining.

[0051] (2) This method is more reasonable in terms of the temporal and spatial sequence of mining and filling, and can effectively avoid mining and filling conflicts and achieve efficient coal mining.

[0052] (3) This method uses a steel structure frame to ensure the stability of the branch tunnel, saving a lot of support materials and construction time, which is conducive to safe and rapid mining.

[0053] (4) Backfill mining can dispose of solid wastes such as gangue and fly ash in mining areas on a large scale and fill them into goaf as filling materials, which meets the requirements of green mine development.

[0054] As an optional implementation method, top excavation construction includes the following steps:

[0055] Move the bolter miner to the designated position in the track trench.

[0056] The anchor miner excavates the coal seam in the upper excavation area and provides anchor net support at the same time. When the excavation end of the anchor miner moves to the belt chute, temporary anchor net support is formed in the upper excavation area.

[0057] As an optional implementation, the installation of the permanent support structure includes the following steps:

[0058] The excavation end of the anchor miner retreats along the belt chute toward the track chute. At the same time, a permanent support structure is built along the belt chute toward the track chute, and the permanent support structure is fixed to the top rock layer of the upper excavation area.

[0059] As an optional implementation, the permanent support structure is a steel structure.

[0060] As an optional implementation, after the excavation end of the anchor miner exits the upper excavation area, a brick wall is built in the upper excavation area near one end of the track chute.

[0061] A brick wall is used to form a partition between the track chute and the upper excavation area.

[0062] An anchor boring machine is used to construct the opening along the center line from the side of the track chute, excavate along the top, and support with anchor nets. After one cycle of cutting is completed, permanent support is carried out under the temporary support of the aircraft.

[0063] The top excavation is connected with the belt chute, the scraper conveyor and the tunneling machine are withdrawn, the steel structure frame is installed, and after the anchor mining machine is withdrawn, a brick wall is built at the end of the branch tunnel track chute, thereby forming a partition between the track chute and the upper coal seam goaf.

[0064] In the initial stage of mining in the upper excavation area, a forklift and a machine are used to load the raw coal onto the track chute belt conveyor, which is then transferred to the cut-eye belt conveyor and then transferred to the transportation system via the belt chute belt conveyor. During normal excavation, a scraper conveyor is used in the branch tunnel to assist in coal discharge.

[0065] When excavating along the top and connecting with the belt chute, the penetration height should not be too high and should be kept between 0.5m-1.0m as much as possible.

[0066] Furthermore, the steel structure frame is made of steel bars and is fixed on the roof hook. Its width is slightly smaller than the tunnel width and is used to auxiliary support the two sides of the filling body wall or coal wall to prevent the coal body or filling body from spalling in the tunnel with large mining height.

[0067] As an optional implementation method, the bottom construction includes the following steps:

[0068] Use a multi-functional tunnel boring machine to excavate the coal seam in the lower excavation area along the belt chute toward the track chute.

[0069] As an optional implementation method, during the bottoming construction, the excavation end of the tunnel boring machine stops bottoming when it reaches a specified distance from the track groove.

[0070] While the excavation end of the tunnel boring machine retreats along the track chute toward the belt chute, anchor net cables are used to support the side of the lower excavation area. The permanent support structure and the anchor net cables of the side of the lower excavation area form the support of the lower excavation area.

[0071] As an optional implementation, the tunneling machine stops when the excavation end is 1 meter away from the track slot.

[0072] The lower excavation area is constructed by using a tunnel boring machine to open the opening at the through position, excavating along the bottom, with anchor net cables used for support on the sides and steel structure frames used for auxiliary support on the top.

[0073] When the tunnel boring machine reaches a position about 1m away from the track slot, it stops lifting and retreats the machine, and anchors the coal wall for support.

[0074] Withdraw the scraper conveyor and tunnel boring machine, and retain the steel structure frame.

[0075] At the initial stage of opening the lower excavation area, a forklift and a machine are used to load the raw coal onto the belt chute and belt conveyor, and then transferred to the belt lane transportation system. During normal excavation, a scraper conveyor is used in the branch lane to assist in coal discharge.

[0076] The foundation of the windbreak brick wall is reinforced with anchor net support.

[0077] In order to avoid affecting the monorail crane transportation in the belt chute, the tunnel boring machine needs to retreat to the belt chute chamber for temporary storage.

[0078] As an optional embodiment, filling the upper excavation area and the lower excavation area includes the following steps:

[0079] A filling retaining wall is built between the belt chute and the lower excavation area. The brick wall, upper excavation area, lower excavation area and filling retaining wall together form a confined space. The confined space is filled with filler and the filling is completed after the filler solidifies.

[0080] After the filling work is completed, the steel structure frame can reinforce the filling body to ensure the safety of subsequent mining.

[0081] After the construction of the branch tunnel is completed, a filling retaining wall is set up at the lower mouth in time to seal it. After the sealing is completed, the branch tunnel is filled. After the branch tunnel is filled and the filling material solidifies, the unconstructed branch tunnels of this working face are mined in turn.

[0082] The filling process includes the following steps:

[0083] A slurry making system is arranged at the filling station on the mine surface, and a filling pipeline is arranged to the underground filling working face. The feed amount of water, cement and fly ash is adjusted according to the proportion and fed into the mixer. After uniform mixing, the slurry is made and injected into the slurry storage tank.

[0084] A gangue screening and crushing system is arranged underground in the coal mine, and the raw gangue enters the crusher through a gangue conveyor belt.

[0085] The lower exit of the branch tunnel to be filled at the filling working face is tightly sealed with a slag gate.

[0086] During filling, the filling pipeline is transformed into a swinging high-pressure hose at the upper exit of the mining roadway to be filled. The mixed slurry in the slurry storage tank uses the height difference to steadily flow through the high-pressure hose to the upper exit of the mining roadway to be filled at the filling working face, where it flows downward along the natural slope of the roadway. Simultaneously, the waste rock is transported to the upper exit of the mining roadway to be filled at the filling working face by an underground waste rock conveyor belt, where it flows downward along the natural slope of the roadway. The mixed slurry and waste rock are thoroughly mixed to form a paste, which gradually solidifies the roof.

[0087] Use concrete spraying machines and other equipment to fill the triangular area and seal it tightly to complete the filling of the branch tunnel.

[0088] Each branch tunnel is filled according to the above process until the entire working surface is filled.

[0089] As an optional implementation, when building a brick wall, an adjustable wind window is left on the upper part of the brick wall, and the adjustable wind window is used to form ventilation in the lower excavation area during bottom construction.

[0090] When building brick walls at the ends of the branch track, it is necessary to leave adjustable wind windows at the top to facilitate ventilation when the lower layers are removed from the bottom, and local fans are no longer required for ventilation.

[0091] Application Example 1:

[0092] For example, a certain mine has an average coal seam inclination of 13° and an average coal seam thickness of 7.5m. The roof has relatively high compressive strength, the floor is stable, the mine gas content is extremely low, and there is no impact tendency. The tunnel width is 5m, and the upper layer mining height is 4.5m. Mining is carried out using a bolter excavator in the direction from the track chute to the belt chute. The lower layer mining height is 3m, and mining is carried out using a fully automatic tunneling machine in the direction from the belt chute to the track chute. The embodiment of the thick coal seam laneway-type layered mining and rapid filling method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0093] An anchor boring machine is used to carry out opening construction along the center line from the side of the track chute, with a mining height of 4.5m and a width of 5m. Excavation is carried out along the top, using anchor mesh support, with a cycle advance of 2m. When excavation advances 6m, a local fan is installed for ventilation.

[0094] After one cycle of cutting is completed, permanent support is carried out under airborne temporary support.

[0095] During the initial tunneling phase, a forklift and a loader are used to load raw coal onto the track chute conveyor, which is then transferred to the cut-eye conveyor. The coal is then transported to the belt lane conveyor via the belt chute conveyor. During normal tunneling, a scraper conveyor is used in the branch lanes to facilitate coal discharge.

[0096] Excavate along the top until it is connected with the belt chute, with a penetration height of 0.7m, withdraw the scraper conveyor, withdraw the anchor digger, and install the steel structure frame. The size of the steel structure frame is 2m*2m*2m, and the length of the top steel hook is 2m, set at intervals of 1m. After the anchor digger is withdrawn, a brick wall is built at the end of the branch tunnel track chute, and an adjustable wind window is left on the upper part to facilitate ventilation when the lower layer is lifted. No local fan is installed for ventilation.

[0097] A fully-mechanized tunneling machine (TMM) was used to excavate the tunnel from the through-hole position, with a mining height of 3m and a width of 5m. The tunnel was driven along the bottom, supported by anchor wire mesh and retaining structures, with a 2m advance cycle. During the initial tunneling phase, a forklift was used to load the raw coal onto the belt conveyor in the chute, which was then transferred to the conveyor system in the east belt lane of the north wing. During normal tunneling, a 40T scraper conveyor was used in the branch lane to facilitate coal discharge.

[0098] When the bottom is lifted to a position about 1m away from the track slot, stop lifting the bottom, retreat the machine, and use anchor net support on the coal wall to stabilize the foundation of the windbreak brick wall.

[0099] The scraper conveyor and the tunnel boring machine are withdrawn. In order not to affect the monorail crane transportation of the belt chute, the tunnel boring machine is withdrawn to the belt chute chamber for temporary storage.

[0100] After the construction of the branch tunnel is completed, the lower mouth will be sealed in time. After the sealing is completed, the branch tunnel will be filled. After the branch tunnel is filled and the filling material is solidified, the unconstructed branch tunnels of this working face will be mined in turn.

[0101] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0102] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for thick coal seam lane-type layered mining and rapid filling, characterized in that: The steps include: Excavating a track chute and a belt chute, and setting the area between the track chute and the belt chute as a thick coal seam excavation area; Dividing the thick coal seam excavation area into an upper excavation area and a lower excavation area; Carrying out top excavation construction on the coal seam in the upper excavation area along the track chute toward the belt chute to excavate the coal seam, and setting a permanent support structure on the top of the upper excavation area; After the permanent support structure is set up, the coal seam in the lower excavation area is excavated along the belt chute toward the track chute; filling the upper excavation area and the lower excavation area; After the previous thick coal seam excavation area is filled, repeat the above steps to excavate the next thick coal seam excavation area; The setting of the permanent support structure comprises the following steps: The excavation end of the anchor miner retreats along the belt chute toward the track chute, and at the same time, the permanent support structure is built along the belt chute toward the track chute, and the permanent support structure is fixed to the top rock layer of the upper excavation area; The permanent support structure is a steel structure; After the excavation end of the anchor miner exits the upper excavation area, a brick wall is built in the upper excavation area near one end of the track chute; The brick wall is used to form a partition between the track chute and the upper excavation area; The filling of the upper excavation area and the lower excavation area comprises the following steps: Building a filling retaining wall between the belt chute and the lower excavation area, wherein the brick wall, the upper excavation area, the lower excavation area and the filling retaining wall together form a closed space, and filling the closed space with a filler, and completing the filling after the filler solidifies; When the brick wall is built, an adjusting window is left on the upper part of the brick wall. The adjusting window is used to form ventilation in the lower excavation area during the bottom construction.

2. A thick coal seam lane-type layered mining and rapid filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top excavation construction includes the following steps: Moving the bolter miner to a designated position in the track trench; The anchor miner excavates the coal seam in the upper excavation area and provides anchor net support at the same time. When the excavation end of the anchor miner moves to the belt chute, a temporary anchor net support is formed in the upper excavation area.

3. A thick coal seam lane-type layered mining and rapid filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottoming construction comprises the following steps: A fully automatic excavator is used to excavate the coal seam in the lower excavation area along the belt chute toward the track chute.

4. The method for thick coal seam lane-type layered mining and rapid filling according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the bottoming construction, the excavation end of the tunnel boring machine stops when it reaches a specified distance from the track groove; While the excavation end of the tunnel boring machine retreats along the track chute toward the belt chute, the lower excavation area side is supported by anchor net cables, and the permanent support structure and the anchor net cables of the lower excavation area side form the lower excavation area support.

5. A thick coal seam lane-type layered mining and rapid filling method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The excavation end of the tunnel boring machine stops when it is 1m away from the track slot.

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